EP3544753A1 - Procédé d'usinage d'une pièce en matériau métallique - Google Patents

Procédé d'usinage d'une pièce en matériau métallique

Info

Publication number
EP3544753A1
EP3544753A1 EP17808370.5A EP17808370A EP3544753A1 EP 3544753 A1 EP3544753 A1 EP 3544753A1 EP 17808370 A EP17808370 A EP 17808370A EP 3544753 A1 EP3544753 A1 EP 3544753A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
ecap
machining
hammering
workpieces
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17808370.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3544753B1 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Kopp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Meotec GmbH
Original Assignee
Meotec GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Meotec GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Meotec GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3544753A1 publication Critical patent/EP3544753A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3544753B1 publication Critical patent/EP3544753B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers
    • B21J7/145—Forging machines working with several hammers the hammers being driven by a rotating annular driving member

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for machining a workpiece made of a metallic material, wherein the workpiece is machined by means of ECAP.
  • the abbreviation SPD stands for "Severe Plastic Deformation.” These are processes in which a metal workpiece is subjected to a very large plastic deformation in order to produce an ultra-fine grained texture (UFG).
  • UFG ultra-fine grained texture
  • the microstructure can achieve an average particle size of less than 1 ⁇ m and often has large orientation angles at the grain boundaries.
  • SPD techniques include ECAP ("Equal Channel Angular Pressing"), Accumulative Roll-Bonding (ARB), High Pressure Torsion (HPT), Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening (RCS), CEC (" Cyclic Extrusion Compression “),” torsion extrusion “,” Severe Torsion Straining “(STS),” Cyclic Closed-Die Forging “(CCDF) and” Super Short Multi-pass Rolling "(SSMR).
  • ECAP Equal Channel Angular Pressing
  • ARB Accumulative Roll-Bonding
  • HPT High Pressure Torsion
  • RCS Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening
  • CEC Cyclic Extrusion Compression "),” torsion extrusion ",” Severe Torsion Straining “(STS),” Cyclic Closed-Die Forging “(CCDF) and” Super Short Multi-pass Rolling "(SSMR).
  • the ECAP is a method in which a workpiece is pressed through at least two channels merging into one another, wherein the channels have an identical cross-section and the transition between the channels at an arbitrary angle, preferably between 80 ° and 140 °, angled ,
  • the plastic deformation of the material of the workpiece during the pressing of the transition between the channels can lead to a significant refinement of the material structure and thereby to improved material properties.
  • a machining of a workpiece by means of ECAP is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,513,512 A, US Pat. No. 6,399,215 B1 and EP 2 366 808 A2, in which the machined workpieces at least partially consist of (pure) titanium and / or serve for the production of medical implants.
  • a device should be suitable in which the workpiece has a first, part-circular channel which transitions at an angle into a second, straight channel, wherein the first channel is bounded radially on the inside by a disk-shaped driving element that can be driven in rotation is.
  • the workpiece is to be moved by friction in a continuous process through the first channel and pressed into the second channel.
  • US 2007/0256764 A1 discloses a machining of a workpiece by means of a method designated as ECAE which is comparable to ECAP and in which the workpiece or the ECAE tool is set into vibration during machining.
  • This vibration generation does not lead to a deformation of the workpiece, in particular not to a diameter reduction.
  • In the vibration generation also no forming strokes of forming tools.
  • the object of the invention was to provide a method by which, in particular, mechanical material properties of a workpiece machined by means of ECAP can be further improved.
  • a method for machining a workpiece, which consists of or comprises at least one metallic material, wherein the workpiece is machined by means of ECAP, according to the invention is characterized in that the workpiece is machined after machining by means of ECAP by means of hammering, wherein a permanent) diameter reduction (due to plastic deformation of the material of the workpiece) is achieved.
  • a machining by means of ECAP is basically characterized in that a workpiece is pressed through at least two, but also three or more channels merging into one another, wherein the channels preferably have an identical cross-section and the transition between the channels is angled.
  • the plastic deformation of the material of the workpiece during passage of the transition between the channels can lead to a significant refinement of the material structure and thereby to improved material properties. In particular, this can significantly increase the tensile strength and / or the hardness of the material compared with the initial state (before processing by means of ECAP).
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary processing of a workpiece 1, which is pressed by means of a punch 2 by two angled merging into each other channels of a tool 3 and thereby realizable refinement of the material structure.
  • a particularly pronounced improvement in the material properties can be achieved by a multiple and especially two-fold ECAP. This can also take place in a machining pass, if the tool used for ECAP has at least three channels, two of which each turn into one another correspondingly angled, as shown by way of example in FIG. 2.
  • each deformation has a degree of deformation of 0.05 to 2, preferably from 0.1 to 0.5 and particularly preferably from 0.15 to 0.3 ,
  • a deformation of the workpiece by means of hammering at a temperature of the workpiece of> 100 ° C and / or of ⁇ 350 ° C may be advantageous.
  • Hammering which is also known as kneading or swaging (when machining cross-sectionally round workpieces), is characterized in that two or more tools (3) which are arranged on the circumference of the workpiece (1) directed radially in the direction of a workpiece center Apply forming strokes while the workpiece (1) rotates relative to the tools (3) around the workpiece center, as shown schematically in Fig. 3.
  • a relative movement between the workpiece (1) and the tools (3) along a Longitudinal axis of the workpiece (1) allows a continuous or discontinuous forming machining of workpieces (1) whose dimensions along the longitudinal axis are greater than the corresponding dimensions of the tools (3).
  • the relative movement between the workpiece (1) and the tools (3) along the longitudinal axis (4) of the workpiece (1) can preferably be realized by (only) moving the workpiece (1) longitudinally axially. Alternatively or additionally, however, a corresponding movement of the tools (3) can also be provided.
  • the strokes executed by the tools (3) can in particular be made relatively short (eg between 0.25 mm and 3 mm, in particular between 0.3 and 1.5 mm) and relatively high-frequency (eg 1000 per minute and more). Furthermore, it may be provided that the tools (3) surround the workpiece (1) almost completely, ie with only minimal distances between the tools, on the circumference.
  • Hammering may be provided according to the invention in embodiments in which the workpiece (1) is hot, semi-warm or cold formed.
  • the workpiece (1) is hot, semi-warm or cold formed.
  • hammers a wide variety of external and internal geometries of the workpiece (1) can be formed. This can be realized by the use of thorns and by different relative movements of the tools (3) relative to the workpiece (1).
  • An advantage of hammering is that with each tool stroke only a brief forming takes place at one point (tool engagement). As a result, there are fewer stresses in the component than, for example, in extrusion molding, where the entire cross section of the workpiece is pressed through a bottleneck. The material can be subjected to greater deformation during hammering because of this advantage, without the formation of cracks or excessive embrittlement.
  • a preferred use of a method according to the invention is the production of a resorbable or non-resorbable medical implant, for example a dental implant or dental implant.
  • a medical implant may also be in the form of a screw, a plate, a nail, a wire, a foil or a scaffold, in particular a stent.
  • the achievable by means of a method according to the invention improvement of the mechanical material properties may have a positive effect especially in implants Since the primary purpose of the post-processing of the workpiece by means of hammering in the context of a method according to the invention is an improvement of the mechanical material properties, it can be provided to use a method according to the invention to produce a blank or a semifinished product, ie a workpiece intended for further processing.
  • the purpose of reworking the workpiece by means of hammering in the context of a method according to the invention may be to achieve a diameter reduction for the workpiece.
  • the workpiece length in ECAP by the punch stroke of the ECPA device used only limited length blanks or workpieces, often less than 500 mm, in particular less than 300 mm, can usually be produced.
  • the further processing for example for the production of screws, nails, plates, scaffolds or stents, on corresponding devices, e.g. Lathes, long lathes, laser cutting devices, etc., mostly uneconomical.
  • these devices have automatic conveyors, such as automated spindle bores, through which long rods or tubes are to be continuously fed to the machining process.
  • a method according to the invention therefore makes it possible by means of hammering to produce workpieces, for example blanks or semi-finished products, e.g. Rods, pipes, etc., whose lengths after hammering> 500 mm, preferably> 1000 mm and particularly preferred may be 2000 mm and can be further processed so economically.
  • workpieces for example blanks or semi-finished products, e.g. Rods, pipes, etc., whose lengths after hammering> 500 mm, preferably> 1000 mm and particularly preferred may be 2000 mm and can be further processed so economically.
  • the workpiece or the semifinished product or the blank can then additionally be further machined, for example by machining, to produce a component with a defined final contour, for example a resorbable or non-resorbable medical implant, for example a dental implant or dental implant.
  • a resorbable or non-resorbable medical implant for example a dental implant or dental implant.
  • a medical implant may also be in the form of a screw, a plate, a nail, a wire, a foil or a scaffold, in particular a stent.
  • hammering also fundamentally allows shaping of a machined workpiece, which is characterized by great freedom of form and very good dimensional stability (eg achievable tolerances of ⁇ 0.03 mm). Accordingly, it can also be provided, a method according to the invention for the production to use a component that are generated by the hammering already defined end contours of the component. A further post-processing can be omitted, whereby the cost of producing such a component can be kept low.
  • the hammering is carried out by means of a so-called double rotor (see Fig. 4).
  • double rotor see Fig. 4
  • the tools and the component guided, for example, by rollers rotate either in synchronism or in the opposite direction relative to each other.
  • the self-rotation of the workpiece is largely avoided and it can be realized a very high rate.
  • This procedure can be advantageously provided in particular for a large-scale production (eg production of at least 1000 identical components), while a production of blanks in a small series production (production of less than 1000 identical components) may be advantageous because then the additional costs associated with a For example, machining subsequent processing of the blanks may be less than the cost of several rotary swaging tools by means of which correspondingly different shapes for the components can be realized.
  • a production of blanks can also be advantageously provided in a large-scale production.
  • the metallic material comprises titanium (pure titanium (Ti) or a titanium alloy) and / or magnesium (pure magnesium (Mg) or a magnesium alloy), in particular resorbable magnesium.
  • Ti pure titanium
  • Mg pure magnesium
  • the improvement of the mechanical material properties of the material achievable by the inventive reworking by means of hammering could, at least for pure titanium and titanium alloys, in particular for a preferred titanium alloy, in addition to titanium (at least or exclusively) still zirconium (Zr), preferably a mass fraction of about 10%. up to about 20%, in particular from about 12% to about 14% and specifically of about 13%.
  • titanium and magnesium are particularly advantageously used as material for medical implants, which can preferably be produced by means of a method according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention may be advantageously suitable for the machining of workpieces made of metallic materials, it being possible with particular preference for light metals (for example magnesium (Mg) or aluminum (Al)) or their alloys to be used.
  • the method according to the invention is also suitable for producing semi-finished products or blanks made of resorbable magnesium or magnesium alloys, from which implants can also be produced, for example by subsequent turning, laser cutting or other methods.
  • the temperature of the workpiece during processing by means of ECAP is at least 200.degree. C., at least 350.degree. C., at least 450.degree. C. or at least or approximately 500.degree.
  • a temperature of between 200 ° C and 350 ° C may be advantageous for a magnesium or magnesium alloy workpiece.
  • a temperature of at least 450 ° C. and in particular of 500 ° C. may be advantageous. If the temperature of such a titanium workpiece during machining by means of ECAP is less than 450 ° C. and in particular less than 500 ° C., pronounced crack formation in the workpiece as a result of machining by means of ECAP can occur.
  • the machining by means of ECAP comprises at least four, six or eight machining passes.
  • a processing passage while a pressing of the workpiece is understood by an angled transition between two channels.
  • the workpiece is pressed by a tool having more than two channels, wherein each two adjacent channels form an angled transition and at least two, preferably all transitions are aligned differently (see Fig .. 2).
  • a defined angle which may be preferably 90 ° or 60 ° or 45 °, was rotated about the longitudinal axis (in particular with the same direction of rotation).
  • the term "rotated" refers to the alignment of the workpiece relative to the used ECAP tool between two machining passages, and it is particularly preferred that the rotations of the workpiece between the machining passages lead to alignments covering a total of at least or exactly 360 ° ,
  • the workpiece is additionally pressure-formed (in particular extruded) before and / or after the machining by means of ECAP.
  • Such additional pressure conversion can be provided, in particular, before the workpiece is reworked by means of hammering.
  • the workpiece is additionally heat-treated.
  • the heat treatment may be provided before or after the processing by means of ECAP and before or after the post-processing by means of hammering and before or after an optionally provided additional pressure forming.
  • the selected temperature for the heat treatment may depend on the chosen material and may for example be between 480 ° C and 780 ° C for titanium or a titanium alloy, while for magnesium or a magnesium alloy, the temperature may be between 120 ° C and 580 ° C. While both the number of such heat treatment steps and the duration may vary, cooling in air or by contact with another medium, for example water, oil or a gas, for example argon, is possible.
  • the material used for the workpieces to be machined in the comparative experiments was an alloy consisting of titanium and zirconium in a proportion by mass of 13% (Ti-13% Zr).
  • the workpieces formed of solid material had a circular cross section with diameters of 10 mm or 16 mm. Two of these workpieces in the initial state (Hereinafter referred to as "starting workpieces") were provided as comparative samples.
  • an ECAP tool For the machining of workpieces by means of ECAP, an ECAP tool was used whose straight and circular cross-section channels have a (over the longitudinal extent constant) cross-sectional diameter of 12 mm, wherein the channels at a (forming) angle of 120 ° into each other , The workpieces were rotated by 90 ° between individual machining passages during machining by means of ECAP.
  • solid material workpieces Due to the cross sectional diameters of the channels of the ECAP tool of 12 mm, those workpieces having a diameter of 16 mm in the initial state were turned down to 12 mm before machining by ECAP (hereinafter referred to as "solid material workpieces") , which had a diameter of 10 mm in the initial state, but in each case with a tube sleeve made of pure titanium and with an outer diameter of 12 mm jacketed (hereinafter referred to as "sleeve workpieces").
  • a first series of eight solid workpieces was machined at a temperature of 500 ° C in four passes through ECAP. After being processed by ECAP, these solid material workpieces had significantly better surface qualities than the correspondingly machined sleeve workpieces. Seven of these ECAP machined solid workpieces were provided for post-processing, either by hammering or by rolling, while one was provided as a comparative sample.
  • solid material workpieces of a second series were also processed at a forming temperature of 500 ° C by means of ECAP; in this case, however, with more processing passes than the first series. It turned out that more than six machining passes would not be expedient, since even at six machining passes, in some cases, small pieces at the ends of the solid material workpieces break off and the improvement in the mechanical properties is only slight. In the case of a solid material workpiece of this second series, machining had to be stopped by means of ECAP due to massive cracking after five processing passes.
  • the post-processed and comparative workpieces were subjected to either one or more hardness tests or a tensile test As part of the hardness test, the Vickers hardness (HV) should be determined.
  • HV Vickers hardness
  • Sleeve workpiece 4 500 ° C - 300 1 .3
  • Solid material workpiece 4 500 ° C - 319 1 .3
  • Solid material workpiece 6 500 ° C - 328 1 .6
  • ECAP book ECAP machining passes; Standard deviation: Stabndarc deviation
  • HV1 location-dependent measurement with a lower load
  • the following table summarizes the results of the tensile tests. The following applies:
  • the elongation characteristics are plastic strains (ie without the elastic strain) and all stresses are engineering stresses (technical stresses).
  • AW initial workpiece
  • HW sleeve workpiece
  • VW solid material workpiece
  • BD elongation at break
  • BE fracture neck
  • the strength and hardness of the starting material could be significantly increased by machining with ECAP, whereby a ductility greater than 10% could be maintained.
  • Further processing of the previously ECAP machined workpieces has shown that rolling does not give good results, since both strength and ductility have been greatly reduced.
  • the reduction in ductility was expected, as this is a known effect in a cold deformation, especially in rolling and is referred to as work hardening or cold embrittlement.
  • the reduction in strength through rolling was unexpected and is likely to be due to overstressing due to locally greatly increased stresses in the deformation of the material causing, for example, internal dislocation and microcracking.
  • hammering further increased the strength (yield strength and tensile strength greater than 1300 MPa) and merely resulted in a tolerable reduction in ductility.
  • a use example of a method according to the invention lies in the production of a semifinished product which is subsequently provided for the production of dental implants on a lathe.
  • a Ti13Zr workpiece was machined in four machining passes at 500 ° C by means of ECAP and subsequent hammering, whereby the hammering reduced the diameter of the cylindrical workpiece from 20 mm to 5 mm.
  • the length of the workpiece increased from 150 mm to 2400 mm.
  • a further example of an application of a method according to the invention is the production of a semifinished product, which is subsequently provided for the production of absorbable pins (pins) of magnesium on a lathe.
  • a workpiece made of ZX00 magnesium + ⁇ 1% zinc + ⁇ 1% calcium
  • the processing according to the invention results in an improvement of the tensile strength from originally 220 MPa to 400 MPa and a change in the elongation at break of 17% (as cast and rolled) to 8%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'usinage d'une pièce en matériau métallique, selon lequel la pièce est usinée par extrusion en canal coudé -ECAP-, caractérisé en ce qu'au terme de l'usinage par ECAP, la pièce est réusinée par martelage, ce qui résulte en une réduction de diamètre. On obtient ainsi une nette augmentation des caractéristiques du matériau de la pièce et notamment de la résistance mécanique et de la dureté.
EP17808370.5A 2016-11-23 2017-11-15 Procédé de travail d'une pièce en matériau métallique Active EP3544753B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016122575.4A DE102016122575B4 (de) 2016-11-23 2016-11-23 Verfahren zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks aus einem metallischen Werkstoff
PCT/EP2017/079270 WO2018095774A1 (fr) 2016-11-23 2017-11-15 Procédé d'usinage d'une pièce en matériau métallique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3544753A1 true EP3544753A1 (fr) 2019-10-02
EP3544753B1 EP3544753B1 (fr) 2021-01-06

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ID=60569886

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17808370.5A Active EP3544753B1 (fr) 2016-11-23 2017-11-15 Procédé de travail d'une pièce en matériau métallique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20200061689A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3544753B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016122575B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2865549T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018095774A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109261736A (zh) * 2018-09-20 2019-01-25 贵州大学 一种az31镁合金及其制备方法
DE102019003834A1 (de) * 2019-06-03 2020-12-03 Johannes Scherer Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Implantats
CN112275817A (zh) * 2020-09-18 2021-01-29 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 一种高温合金铸锭的等通道转角挤压开坯方法
CN112962338A (zh) * 2021-02-01 2021-06-15 宿迁市邦德金属制品有限公司 一种拉索生产用的双面锤击装置

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US2345100A (en) * 1943-03-16 1944-03-28 Earl I Cotton Drill bit sharpening mechanism
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102016122575A1 (de) 2018-05-24
WO2018095774A1 (fr) 2018-05-31
ES2865549T3 (es) 2021-10-15
EP3544753B1 (fr) 2021-01-06
DE102016122575B4 (de) 2018-09-06
US20200061689A1 (en) 2020-02-27

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