EP3539221B1 - Bague collectrice avec indication selective d'usure - Google Patents
Bague collectrice avec indication selective d'usure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3539221B1 EP3539221B1 EP17788250.3A EP17788250A EP3539221B1 EP 3539221 B1 EP3539221 B1 EP 3539221B1 EP 17788250 A EP17788250 A EP 17788250A EP 3539221 B1 EP3539221 B1 EP 3539221B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slip ring
- wear
- brush
- angular
- sliding track
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/58—Means structurally associated with the current collector for indicating condition thereof, e.g. for indicating brush wear
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
- H04B3/02—Details
- H04B3/46—Monitoring; Testing
Definitions
- the invention relates to slip rings for transmission of electrical signals between rotating parts.
- Electrical slip rings are used to transfer electrical power and/or signals between a rotating and a stationary part. Such devices are used in different applications, like wind energy plants or computer tomography scanners. There are also many defense and aerospace applications.
- a brush may generally comprise a contacting wire or a plurality of contacting wires.
- wear indicators which determine the length of a carbon brush and therefore indicate the wear of the brush.
- the sliding tracks have significantly longer lifetimes than the brushes, but they are also susceptible to wear.
- WO 2002/03403 A2 a slip ring diagnosis system is disclosed. It determines the wear status by measuring electrical parameters like contact resistance or contact noise.
- CN 202 340 045 U a slipring with an added angle encoder is disclosed.
- This angle encoder is used for monitoring rotational speed, angular accelearation, angular and angular position. There is no means for measuring or indicating wear.
- US 2013/218514 A1 discloses a sliding brush with integrated temperature sensor for continuously rotating machines like motors and generators. With increasing brush temperature the wear increases and accordingly required maintenance is indicated. Due to the thermal inertia of the brush, only long time observations over many minutes or a large number of rotations may be made.
- GB 2 461 533 A discloses a device for estimation of wear in wind turbine slip rings. The rotational speed of the continuously rotating rotor is measured and a wear index is calculated thereof.
- a slip ring track at a continuously rotating device like a radar antenna has an evenly distributed wear over the whole length of the track. If a slip ring is used in a discontinuously operating device like an industrial robot, some sections of the sliding track may show more wear than other sections. This makes a wear indication comparatively difficult und unreliable.
- the problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a reliable wear indication which is able to indicate wear of a sliding track.
- a slip ring unit comprises at least one sliding track and at least one brush sliding on the track, arranged movable and/or rotatable against the track. Furthermore, an encoder is provided for detecting relative angular position and/or angular movement between the at least one sliding track and the at least one brush. The encoder is mechanically coupled to the at least one sliding track and to the at least one brush.
- the encoder may be a position or angular encoder. It may be based on optical, magnetic, mechanical or any other suitable encoder technology.
- the encoder may have a sensor which is movable against a marker section.
- the marker section preferably comprises a plurality of markers, which can be detected by the sensor.
- the sensor is mechanically connected to the at least one brush, whereas the marker section is mechanically connected to the at least one sliding track.
- a very compact design may result in mounting the sensor to a brush block holding a plurality of brushes.
- the sensor and the marker section may also be exchanged, such that the sensor is mechanically connected to the sliding track and the marker section to the brushes.
- the encoder may also be a single part component, for example like angular encoders having a housing and a driveshaft.
- the encoder may also be part of a motor encoder driving a complex device comprising a slip ring.
- the encoder preferably is directly connected to the slip ring, but it may also be indirectly connected, for example by means of a gearbox.
- the term mechanically connected has the meaning of fixed or fixedly connected, such that there are only slight movements for compensation of mechanical tolerances. It is no rotatable or slidable connection.
- the connection may be a direct or an indirect connection, such as the brush and the encoder are mounted to the same printed circuit board.
- the encoder may be an absolute or relative encoder or any other means for obtaining slipring angular position data.
- a relative encoder there must be at least one absolute position reference.
- Such a reference may be a different or additional marker.
- an absolute position reference may be given by a mechanical stop, which is mechanically limiting the range of movement.
- an evaluation unit is provided.
- the evaluation unit is configured to receive signals from the position encoder and to generate an angular position dependent wear indication signal thereof.
- the wear indication signal may be a single digital signal indicating a failure condition. There may be multiple signals indicating multiple stages of wear. There may also be an analog signal providing a value indicating the amount of wear.
- a bus may be provided for delivering detailed wear information. This bus may also be used to configure the evaluation unit. It is preferred, if the evaluation unit is configured to receive a reset signal, for example when the sliding tracks or brushes have undergone some maintenance or have been exchanged. Such a reset signal may be received via a bus, by a signal line, by a switch, which may also be a magnetic triggered switch or any other suitable means.
- the wear indication signal may also be a value in a memory or any other signal.
- the evaluation unit preferably is configured for selectively recording the presence and/or movement of a brush or of multiple brushes over a certain angular position of a sliding track.
- the evaluation unit may also be configured for selectively recording the presence and/or movement between the rotating and/or movable angular sections in general. The latter is simpler to perform and requires lower resources on memory and computational power.
- the evaluation unit is configured to receive the encoder signal and to generate a position value thereof.
- the position value is the same as the encoder signal. It may also be necessary to scale and/or calibrate the encoder signal. It may be multiplied or divided by a certain factor, also a position offset may be added and/or subtracted. If the position value does not change, there is obviously no movement of the brush against the track. If the position value changes, a movement is detected. Generally, such a movement generates wear.
- the evaluation unit may comprise a microcontroller, a FPGA, a desktop computer, an industrial control or any other suitable device having a data storage or storage medium comprising software for performing the evaluation tasks. It may be integrated into a slipring unit housing, or it may be contained in a discrete housing separated from the slipring unit. It may also be part of control unit of a larger system, e.g. a manufacturing machine, comprising the slipring unit.
- the wear counter may be incremented depending on the maximum acceleration or deceleration that is applied on the brush when traveling through the counter reproducing the section.
- acceleration derivation of speed
- the derivation of the acceleration may have influence on the wear counter to resemble the actual brush wear of the slipring.
- electrical values like a voltage across the slip ring or a current through the slip ring may be measured. It is known, that electrical load also influences wear and therefore may be considered by the wear counter. The measured values may further influence the wear counter values. In an example at standard temperature wear counter increasing of 1 would change to a value of 2 at a 10° higher temperature, a change to a value of 4 at a 20° higher temperature and so on.
- the corresponding wear counters assigned to the sections where the brushes are located may be increased. If for example 3 brushes are provided, each spaced 120° apart from the next brush, the wear counters of 3 sections, spaced 120° apart and corresponding to the brushes may be increased. Separate wear counters may be implemented for different application of the tracks, e.g. one for signal and one for power transmission per different module diameter, per different brush configurations e.g. one for single wire brushes one for multiple wire brushes, per different contacting technology e.g. one for metal graphite brushes one for gold wire brushes in the same slipring.
- the wear counters may increase differently at different sections according to the relative wear in these sections. If at least one wear counter approaches and/or reaches a limit value, a wear indication signal may be given. Also a wear warning signal may be issued, for example, if at least one counter is increasing rapidly. Such a wear warning signal may be indicated as an optical signal, for example by a LED. It may also be an electrical analog or digital signal.
- the evaluation unit may have a backup battery, which may also allow operation when no power is supplied to the evaluation unit. It may also have a non-volatile memory for storing longtime values. There may also be a battery check circuit for monitoring the status of the battery.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to a wear indication in industrial robots.
- the encoder may be a part of the robot. It may be integrated into an arm or any other part.
- the evaluation unit may also be a part of the robot, like the motion control computer. Here, the evaluation may be made by software.
- the embodiments shown herein relate to the measurement and evaluation of angular position of a rotatable and/or tiltable slipring device. Therefore terms like position, movement etc. always relate to angular position, angular movement etc. with respect to the rotation axis. Furthermore, there is no difference whether the slipring module or the brushes are rotating. Essential is a relative movement against each other.
- Another aspect relates to a method of wear evaluation of a slipring comprising at least one brush rotatable against at least one sliding track.
- the method comprises the steps of:
- multiple wear counters may be assigned to multiple positions and/or sections of the slip ring.
- a wear counter may be incremented, if at the associated position a change of position has been detected.
- An exemplary slip ring unit comprises a cylindrical slip ring module 160 having at least one sliding track 161 of a conductive material like a metal, which is supported by an insulating body 162, preferably of a plastic material.
- the module is rotatable about a center axis 165, herein also mentioned as rotation axis.
- Reference line 170 indicates a zero degree position with the slipring module (or the brushblock) rotating relative thereto.
- the arrow 180 indicates a rotation clockwise.
- There may be a preferably stationary brush block 100 comprising an insulating body 110 holding at least one contact wire 201, 202.
- the contact wires may be soldered by soldering connections 121, 122 into through-holes of the insulating body 110.
- the contact wires have a contact area 211, 212 at which they contact the module 160. It is understood, that any other type of slip ring, track or brush may be used in this embodiment.
- a sensor unit 310 preferably being part of an encoder, further comprises an evaluation unit 311 which may provide a signal to the wear signal output 312. In this space-saving embodiment, both units are in the same housing. Obviously they may also be contained in separate housings.
- the exemplary slip ring unit is shown in a side view.
- the cylindrical module shows sliding tracks 161 spaced apart by insulating body 162.
- the sliding tracks 161 have V-shaped grooves for guiding the contact wires.
- three sliding tracks 161 isolated from each other are shown together with corresponding brushes 202, which are also isolated from each other, thus allowing simultaneous transfer of three signals or three current paths over the slip ring.
- the position encoder comprises a sensor unit 310 including an evaluation unit 311. It further comprises a marker section 320, further comprising a plurality of first markers 321 and at least one optional second marker 322.
- the first markers are spaced equally and may give a relative reference, whereas the at least one second marker may give an absolute reference.
- the markers may be detected by the sensor unit by an optical, a magnetic or any other suitable sensor.
- the evaluation unit 311 preferably contains a digital logic and/or a microcontroller. It is configured to generate a wear indication signal from the position encoder signals. It preferably has multiple wear counters assigned to angular sections related to relative angles between the brush block and the module. Preferably a wear counter is increased, if a position change is indicated in its assigned angular section.
- Figure 3 shows a wear counter diagram. To the right, there is an angular axis 410 indicating relative angles of 0° to 360°.
- the counter value axis 420 to the top indicates counter value in thousands from zero to 100,000.
- the curve shows the counted values depending on relative angles of the slip ring which may be used in an industrial robot. Such industrial robot has angular operating ranges which are not usable, for example due to mechanical limits. These ranges correspond to counter curve sections 431 and 436 of counter curve 430, where the counter value is at or close to zero.
- Figure 4 shows a weighted wear counter diagram. This diagram is based on the previous diagram, but additional weight is given to the speed of rotation. To the right, there is an angular axis 510 indicating relative angles of 0° to 360°. The counter value axis 520 to the top indicates counter value in thousands from zero to 100,000. As in this example, the robot is moved with the highest possible speed through the second operating range, the wear counter gets additional weight due to the high speed and reaches the highest value 532 of weighted counter curve 530. In the primary operating sections high accuracy is required and therefore the operating speed is lower, resulting in a lower weight as shown in sections 533, 534 and 535. Again, there are very low counter values in the unused sections 531 and 536.
- Figure 5 shows more details of a rotating slipring module.
- the wear may be monitored for example around each of these mentioned positions by monitoring presence at these positions.
- a wear indication may be made using any other, preferably any higher number of positions.
- 3 exemplary angular sections 190, 191 and 192 are shown. In this embodiment, they have the same angle of 30°, but they may have any other angle. Also, the section may not be evenly distributed over a full angular range from 0 to 360 degrees. They may vary in size and position, dependent of a specific wear pattern or requirement.
- Figure 6 shows a slipring module with a sliding track having position dependent wear. There is a significant wear at positions 151, 152, 153. The wear at position 153 is largest. Accordingly, the wear indication in section 191 has the largest value.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
Claims (15)
- Unité de bague collectrice comprenant au moins un balai (201) capable d'une rotation contre au moins une rainure de coulissement (161),
un codeur de position (300) et une unité d'évaluation (311),
l'unité de bague collectrice étant caractérisée par la détection par le codeur de position de la position angulaire relative entre l'au moins un balai (201) et l'au moins une rainure de coulissement (161), et
la configuration de l'unité d'évaluation (311) pour recevoir des signaux depuis le codeur de position et pour générer un signal d'indication d'usure dépendant de la position angulaire à partir des signaux reçus depuis le codeur de position, le signal d'indication d'usure indique une usure de l'au moins une rainure de coulissement. - Unité de bague collectrice selon la revendication 1,
caractérisée en ce que
l'unité d'évaluation (311) possède de multiples compteurs d'usure attribués à de multiples positions angulaires et/ou sections angulaires. - Unité de bague collectrice selon la revendication 2,
caractérisée en ce que
l'unité d'évaluation (311) est configurée pour détecter un déplacement si la valeur de codeur de position change. - Unité de bague collectrice selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 et 3,
caractérisée en ce que
l'unité d'évaluation (311) est configurée pour incrémenter un compteur d'usure si à la position associée un déplacement a été détecté. - Unité de bague collectrice selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4,
caractérisée en ce que
l'unité d'évaluation (311) est configurée pour augmenter l'incrément d'un compteur d'usure en fonction de la vitesse de déplacement angulaire et/ou d'une accélération ou d'une décélération de déplacement angulaire. - Unité de bague collectrice selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5,
caractérisée en ce que
l'unité de bague collectrice comprend au moins un capteur auxiliaire supplémentaire pour mesurer au moins une valeur opérationnelle et l'unité d'évaluation (311) est configurée pour augmenter l'incrément d'un compteur d'usure en fonction d'au moins l'une des valeurs de capteur, dans laquelle
les valeurs de capteur peuvent correspondre à au moins l'un parmi une température, une humidité, une accélération, une tension ou un courant au niveau de la bague collectrice. - Unité de bague collectrice selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisée en ce que
le codeur de position comprend une unité de capteur (310) et au moins une section de marqueur (320) déplaçable par rapport à l'unité de capteur. - Unité de bague collectrice selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisée en ce que
le codeur de position est raccordé mécaniquement à l'au moins un balai (201) et à l'au moins une rainure de coulissement (161). - Unité de bague collectrice selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisée en ce que
l'unité de capteur (310) est fixée mécaniquement à un bloc-balais (100) détenant l'au moins un balai (201) et l'au moins une section de marqueur (320) est fixée à un module de bague collectrice (160) détenant l'au moins une section de marqueur (320). - Unité de bague collectrice selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisée en ce que
le codeur de position est un composant d'une seule pièce ayant un arbre de transmission et un boîtier. - Unité de bague collectrice selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisée en ce que
la bague collectrice et le codeur de position font partie d'un robot industriel. - Unité de bague collectrice selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisée en ce que
l'unité d'évaluation (311) peut comprendre un microcontrôleur ou un microprocesseur comprenant en outre une mémoire détenant un logiciel pour réaliser des tâches d'évaluation et/ou l'unité d'évaluation (311) peut être agencée à distance de l'au moins un balai (201) et de l'au moins une rainure de coulissement (161). - Procédé d'évaluation d'usure d'une bague collectrice comprenant au moins un balai (201) capable d'une rotation contre au moins une rainure de coulissement (161) caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes de- réception des signaux depuis un codeur de position (300) pour détecter la position angulaire relative entre l'au moins une rainure de coulissement (161) et l'au moins un balai (201) et- génération d'un signal d'indication d'usure dépendant de la position angulaire à partir des signaux reçus depuis le codeur de position, le signal d'indication d'usure indique une usure de l'au moins une rainure de coulissement.
- Procédé selon la revendication 13, comprenant en outre les étapes d'attribution de multiples compteurs d'usure à de multiples positions angulaires et/ou sections angulaires de la bague collectrice.
- Procédé selon la revendication 13 ou 14, comprenant en outre les étapes d'incrémentation d'un compteur d'usure si à la position angulaire associée un changement de position a été détecté.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16197826.7A EP3319238A1 (fr) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Bague collectrice avec indication selective d'usure |
PCT/EP2017/077411 WO2018086895A1 (fr) | 2016-11-08 | 2017-10-26 | Bague collectrice à indication d'usure sélective |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3539221A1 EP3539221A1 (fr) | 2019-09-18 |
EP3539221B1 true EP3539221B1 (fr) | 2020-11-25 |
Family
ID=57281066
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16197826.7A Withdrawn EP3319238A1 (fr) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Bague collectrice avec indication selective d'usure |
EP17788250.3A Active EP3539221B1 (fr) | 2016-11-08 | 2017-10-26 | Bague collectrice avec indication selective d'usure |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16197826.7A Withdrawn EP3319238A1 (fr) | 2016-11-08 | 2016-11-08 | Bague collectrice avec indication selective d'usure |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10734775B2 (fr) |
EP (2) | EP3319238A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN109952712B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2018086895A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11355991B2 (en) | 2018-10-04 | 2022-06-07 | Cutsforth, Inc. | System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine |
EP3861605A1 (fr) | 2018-10-04 | 2021-08-11 | Cutsforth, Inc. | Système et procédé pour surveiller l'état d'un ou plusieurs composant(s) d'une machine électrique |
CN112086841B (zh) * | 2020-08-13 | 2021-09-24 | 中国兵器装备集团上海电控研究所 | 一种采用线路板集成传输通道和接插件快装的滑环装置 |
CN112183970B (zh) * | 2020-09-15 | 2024-01-23 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 评估目标设备中选定零件磨损程度的方法及装置 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5177419A (en) * | 1991-03-27 | 1993-01-05 | Caterpillar Industrial Inc. | Apparatus for controlling a load lifting element of a vehicle in response to the wearing of a motor brush |
IT1269440B (it) * | 1994-01-19 | 1997-04-01 | Fita Om Carrelli Elevatori S P | Carrello elevatore a motorizzazione elettrica |
DE10031005A1 (de) | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-17 | Schleifring Und Appbau Gmbh | Selbstdiagnostizierendes Übertragungssstem-Intelligenter Schleifring |
EP1271716B1 (fr) * | 2001-06-28 | 2004-11-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Dispositif de surveillance pour un contact frottant d'une machine électrique tournante |
GB2461533A (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-06 | Vestas Wind Sys As | Estimation and control of wear in wind turbine slip ring brushes |
EP2498076A1 (fr) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-09-12 | Hexagon Technology Center GmbH | Surveillance de l'usure d'une boîte de vitesse dans une centrale électrique |
CN202340045U (zh) * | 2011-12-09 | 2012-07-18 | 杭州驰宏科技有限公司 | 具有编码功能的滑环 |
US8972219B2 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2015-03-03 | General Electric Company | Method and system of monitoring electrical brushes |
CN202749657U (zh) * | 2012-08-29 | 2013-02-20 | 四川汉威电气有限责任公司 | 一种带编码器的风电信号滑环 |
CN106797099B (zh) * | 2014-10-14 | 2020-08-14 | 史莱福灵有限公司 | 带有磨损监测的滑环 |
CN204361454U (zh) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-05-27 | 国家电网公司 | 一种带磨损指示的组合式碳刷装置 |
-
2016
- 2016-11-08 EP EP16197826.7A patent/EP3319238A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-10-26 EP EP17788250.3A patent/EP3539221B1/fr active Active
- 2017-10-26 WO PCT/EP2017/077411 patent/WO2018086895A1/fr unknown
- 2017-10-26 CN CN201780068898.8A patent/CN109952712B/zh active Active
-
2019
- 2019-05-06 US US16/404,098 patent/US10734775B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3319238A1 (fr) | 2018-05-09 |
EP3539221A1 (fr) | 2019-09-18 |
CN109952712A (zh) | 2019-06-28 |
CN109952712B (zh) | 2021-08-06 |
WO2018086895A1 (fr) | 2018-05-17 |
US10734775B2 (en) | 2020-08-04 |
US20190267765A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 |
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