EP3529101A1

EP3529101A1 - Electrical device for a rail vehicle

Info

Publication number: EP3529101A1
Application number: EP17838040.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Karlheinz Buchheit; Stefan LANIG; Mirko SCHWOZER; Oliver Weber
Original assignee: Siemens Mobility GmbH
Current assignee: Siemens Mobility GmbH
Priority date: 2016-12-23
Filing date: 2017-12-20
Publication date: 2019-08-28
Also published as: DE102016226148A1; WO2018115089A1; CN110267839A

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for a rail vehicle, which device has at least one electrical energy source, at least one electrical load, at least one line connecting the energy source and the load, and at least one electronic switching and protection apparatus for a protection and switching function of the at least one line or of the at least one load. The invention further relates to a rail vehicle in which the device is used.

Description

description

The invention relates to an electrical device for a rail vehicle, in particular to a device for the rail vehicle

Protection and switching of an electrical circuit and / or consumer in the rail vehicle. Modern rail vehicles or trains usually have electrical equipment consisting of a variety

electrical appliances and components. This can

On the one hand devices for generating, on the other hand devices as consumers of electrical energy. A

Energy transfer between a device for generating electrical energy, an electrical energy source, and one or more electrical consumers takes place, since these are usually arranged at different locations within the vehicle, thereby by means of electrical

Lines that are routed in the vehicle. Such lines are referred to, for example, as supply lines. Other lines are usually

used to control the functionality of electrical equipment and components. These are referred to as control lines and can also be called electrical, but

For example, be designed as optical lines.

Obtain electrically powered rail vehicles

electrical energy usually from a catenary, the high voltage of the overhead line, for example, a voltage of 1.5kV DC, 3kV DC, 15kV AC or 25kV AC

corresponds to (DC - DC, AC - AC). The

absorbed electrical energy is not only for the drive or the traction, but also for the

Supply of other electrical equipment and components of the rail vehicle used. The electrical energy is distributed by means of a so-called Zugsammeischiene, which consists of several cars Rail vehicles such as trainsets usually extends across all cars of the vehicle. When upgraded vehicle, ie made contact with the overhead line, for example, a pantograph, and switched on the main switch is the Zugsammeischiene permanently under tension.

In Germany, the tension of Zugsammeischiene example, lkV, 16 2/3 Hz, which from the

Trolley voltage 15kV, 16 2/3 Hz is generated. However, due to a different overhead line voltage, the voltage of the train busbars in other countries may be different. In this example, DC voltages of 1.5kV or 3kV are switched through unchanged to the Zugsammeischiene while high-voltage AC voltages are transformed by means of transformers on the rail vehicle to the desired voltage of Zugsammeischiene.

While the voltage of Zugsammeischiene thus usually at one of the aforementioned voltages, electrical loads in the rail vehicle, for example, DC voltages between 24V and 120V, AC voltages of 230V and three-phase voltages of 400V with partially variable frequency. The self-contained energy supply system of

Rail vehicle makes it an approximation between the different voltages of Zugsammeischiene and the requirements of the electrical consumers in terms of voltage and frequency ago. In general, this system is modular and their components in several containers or containers, for example, below the car floor one

Carriage of the rail vehicle arranged. In trainsets, these components can also be arranged distributed over several cars. In the electric multiple unit ICE 3 of Deutsche Bahn AG, the energy supply system is arranged distributed over the train, for example. Here are the four cars of a traction unit on a Zugsammeischiene with a DC voltage of 670V electrically connected. In a train operation in Germany, the

DC voltage of the train busbars from the 15kV, 16 2/3 Hz, the overhead line generated via windings of the main transformer and converters. The main heating and auxiliary heating are connected by car directly to the Zugsammeischiene. Part of the on-board network is also a battery bus with 110V DC extending over the entire railcar train, via which, for example, the car lighting, control units for the drive, brake, air conditioning, doors and

Passenger information and outlets are supplied in the passenger area. The voltages required for these end users are thereby referred to by means of so-called

Auxiliary converters generated from the low-voltage voltage of Batteriesammeischiene.

The electrical consumers of a car and the

Electrical supply lines are usually in each case via thermomagnetic line switches or

Motor protection switch protected against overload and short circuit in the circuits. Here, circuit breakers are used both for line protection and for the device protection. The line or motor protection switch are usually part of a arranged in the interior of the car central control or operating panel, also called E-board, a cabinet and can be operated on this manual.

In addition to line and motor protection switches, the one

Represent protection function for the lines and consumers, separate switching components such as contactors or relays are used, which realize a switching function and, for example, the control or the switching of

Serve consumers. The contactors and relays are usually in the central control cabinet of the car or in a separate, for example, underground,

arranged arranged so-called switching container. In a circuit between the power source and consumer up to three switches are thus connected in series, one for the line and device protection and one for the switching on and off of the power supply.

From European Patent Application No. 12798242.9,

published as EP 2 755 844 A2, a rail vehicle with an electrical supply device is known.

Here are electrical consumers of a car unit of the rail vehicle via a busbar, a

Main fuse, one in the interior of the car unit

arranged distribution device with circuit breakers, as well as switching devices, which are arranged in a mounted in the underfloor area of the carriage unit unit container, supplied with electrical energy.

The function or status of the line and

Motor protection switch is monitored and the train driver in

Driver's cab of the train notified in an appropriate manner or displayed. Components for monitoring are in turn also arranged in the central control cabinet of the car or in a separate installation space. Is it to trigger a line switch and thus to a

Interruption of the energy supply of a consumer in a car, this is indicated to the driver. There

Line and motor circuit breaker no self-service

Owning it, it is in such a case

required, for example, at the next stop of the train, when the driver can leave the cab, and after having determined the reason for the train driver

Trigger the corresponding line switch manually operated and thus restores the energy supply of the consumer. This causes the function of a

Under certain circumstances, the consumer can only be restored after a relatively long period of time

for example, in an interruption of the supply of air conditioning equipment for the passenger compartment to adversely harming the well-being of passengers.

The object of the invention is to provide a device that allows easy removal of interference due to tripping of line or motor protection switches. This task is characterized by the characteristics of the independent

Claims solved. Further developments of the invention are specified in dependent patent claims.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, a device for a rail vehicle has at least one

electrical energy source and at least one electrical consumer, which by means of at least one line

are electrically connected to each other, as well as at least one electronic switching and protective device for a protection and switching function of at least one consumer.

According to a development of the device is the

electronic switching and protective device as a

Semiconductor circuit breaker, in particular as a solid state power controller, designed.

According to a further development of the device, the electronic switching and protective device is such

designed to protect the at least one

Consumer and / or the at least one line

Overload and / or short circuit realized. According to a further development of the device, the electronic switching and protective device is also for

Execution of a monitoring function designed.

According to a further development of the device, the at least one line as a supply line

designed. According to a second embodiment of the invention, a rail vehicle has at least one device according to the first embodiment.

According to a development of the rail vehicle, this has a plurality of cars for a passenger transport.

According to a further development of the rail vehicle, this has a busbar for transmitting electrical energy from the power source to consumers in the plurality of cars.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the figures. Show

1 shows a schematic representation of a

Rail vehicle with electrical equipment for protecting and switching according to the prior art,

2a, 2b are schematic representations of the components for

Protecting and switching according to the prior art and according to the invention, and

3 shows a schematic representation of the rail vehicle according to FIG 1 with components according to the invention.

1 shows schematically a side view of a carriage 2 of a rail vehicle as an exemplary unit of a

Railcar or a local band of

Passenger coaches. The carriage 2 has a car body 4, which is supported by means of trolleys, in particular bogies 6, on rails 8. The carriage 2 also has an interior space 10, which is enclosed by the car body 4 and with a seat arrangement, not shown, or

other facilities for the stay of passengers. Below the car body 4 is the so-called underfloor area 12 with a number of Device containers 14, in which required for the operation of the vehicle components are accommodated by way of example.

In the interior 10 of the car body 4 are also

arranged exemplary components, these both

Function components for the realization of certain functions as well as control components for controlling the

Function components or to coordinate with the

Functions may include related tasks. The

Components can be housed in particular in one or more special equipment or control cabinets. In the example of FIG. 1, it is assumed that all

Control components are arranged in a central control cabinet 16, while the functional components,

hereinafter referred to simply as electrical loads 18, at different locations both within the

Car body 4 are arranged as well as in a device container underfloor. A networking of the functional components and control components, for example, by means not shown control lines and will not be considered here. The central control cabinet 16 has a switching ^¬ or control panel, which allows operating and maintenance personnel to control functions and display their respective status.

The supply of the consumer 18 with electrical energy takes place by way of example via the above-mentioned zugweite

low-voltage battery busbar, which is not shown separately in FIG. The Batteriesammeischiene is via a central, also not shown

Protective device in the form of a main fuse with

Connections in the central control cabinet 16 in the interior 10 of the car body 4 connected. This can, for example, according to the device in the aforementioned

European Patent Application No. 12798242.9, published as EP 2 755 844 A2. The cabinet 16 thus acts as a distributor of the supplied electrical energy and the main fuse allows complete Separation of all supplied by the Batteriesammeischiene electrical loads 18 in and on the car 2. If necessary, the voltage of Batteriesammeischiene to the required voltages and frequencies of the consumer 18 by means not shown auxiliary drives

generated, which are arranged for example in one of the illustrated device container 14 in the underfloor area 12 of the carriage 2. In the central control cabinet 16 of Figure 1 is also a plurality of protective devices 20, for example

thermomagnetic line switch and motor protection switch, arranged via the control panel of the

Cabinets 16 can be operated manually. These serve to protect the circuits or lines 24, 26 and the consumer 18 in the car 2 from overcurrent and short circuit. For example, in this case for each consumer 18 of the carriage 2, a protective device 20 is provided, wherein at several consumers of a type or a function and only one protective device for the multiple consumers

can be provided. If both a line protection and a device protection realized, so are for each consumer or for each type of consumer or

Function type two such protective devices 20

usually the protective device for the line protection closer to the power source and the

Protective device for the device protection closer to the

Consumer is arranged. The function of

Protective devices 20 is usually monitored and detected, for example, triggering a line switch due to, for example, a short circuit and the

Vehicle driver communicated so that this appropriate

Take steps to correct the short circuit.

Components for monitoring the function of

Protective devices 20 are, for example, likewise arranged in the control cabinet 16 or separately therefrom. In the left of the two shown in FIG 1

Device container 14 in the underfloor area 12 of the carriage 2, a plurality of switching devices 22 is also arranged. This

Device container 14 can also be as

Switchgear containers are called. The switching devices 22 are used to switch on and off the respective consumer or a plurality of consumers of a type, wherein the switching operation, for example, by control components in the central

Control cabinet 16 is controlled. The number of switching devices 22 depends on the number of consumers or

Consumer types, for example, where certain consumers are permanently, i. can be powered without the possibility of switching on and off by a switching device. In FIG 1, four switching devices 22 are exemplified, each associated with one of the four consumers 18 of the carriage 2.

Based on the above description is the

Circuit of the power supply one of the in FIG

exemplified consumer 18 designed such that energy from the Batteriesammeischiene over a

Main fuse and is guided by lines to the cabinet 16, in the cabinet 16 by means of lines or for example a bus to one or more first protective devices 20 in the form of

Circuit breakers is guided by these

Circuit breakers by means of lines 24 to a

Switching device 22 is guided in the underfloor switching container 14 is guided by this switching device 22 by means of lines 24 back to one or more second

Guards 20 is performed in the form of circuit breakers in the cabinet 16, and finally by means of further lines 26 to the special consumer 18 is performed.

The connections or lines between terminals of the control cabinet 16, the consumer 18 and the protection and switching devices can be one, two or three poles be executed. This depends on the type of each

Consumer or the required electrical supply and the fact whether the consumer is grounded or not. Of course, for example, for the connection between the cabinet 16 and switch container 14 instead of the separate lines shown a single cable or a cable for each current direction with the

required number of lines are used.

Control lines, for example, to control the

Switching device 22 or the consumer 18 itself are not shown in FIG 1.

As is clear from the above description in connection with FIG 1, a plurality of lines and components is required for the electrical supply and protection of a consumer. Especially the variety

Components in the central control cabinet 16 takes up space in the interior 10 of the carriage 2, the passengers can not be made available and thus the

Passenger capacity of the train adversely limited.

In FIG 2a, the above to FIG 1 is described

Circuit for a special consumer 18 again simplified schematically shown. From a power source 28 electrical energy is conducted via lines to a first protection device 20.1 for line protection, from this first protection device 20.1 via lines 24 to a switching device 22 for switching on and off of the consumer 18 and a controlled supplying the

Consumer 18 with electrical energy, from the

Switching device 22 via lines 24 to a second

Protective device 20.2 for device protection, and

finally from the second protection device 20.2 via

Lines 26 to the consumer 18 and the energy-supplied electrical device. Optionally, the additional equipment protection, i. the use of the second

Protective device, to be apart. In this case will be Lines directly from the switching device 22 to the

Consumer 18 led. The number of required lines and protective elements or switching elements between the

Power source 28 and the load 18 is dependent on the type of power supply, i. whether DC, AC or three-phase current is transmitted and whether energy source 28 and

Consumers 18 are grounded. For grounded power source and consumers and DC or AC, for example, only a single line or a single protection and

Switching required while, for example, in three-phase alternating current for all three phases

Lines, protection and switching devices are provided.

The use according to the invention of an electronic switching and protective device in the exemplary circuit of FIG. 2a is shown by way of example in FIG. 2b. In this circuit, both the first 20.1 and second guard 20.1 and the switching device 22 through the

electronic switching and protective device 30 replaced.

Alternatively, the electronic switching and

Protective device 30 replaced only one of the two protective devices shown in Figure 2a, for example, if an insert of the second, for the device protection

used protective device 20.2 is not required or this still as a separate protection device

is provided.

Advantageously, electronic switching and

Protective devices, for example in the form of such

mentioned semiconductor circuit breaker or solid state power controller (SSPC), according to the function of known and currently used thermomagnetic

Circuit breaker Circuits in case of overload and

Switch off short circuit automatically. A continuous measurement of current and voltage in a circuit through the device allows the detection of an overload or a short circuit and disconnecting the circuit due to this detection, in accordance with a device protection any resulting damage to a supplied

To avoid consumers. The switching and the control of the switching takes place by means of semiconductor devices. The device thus has both a switching and a protective function, these functions via a communication interface which is usually present

can be controlled remotely. These two functions are also realized in a structural unit, whereby over a previously described arrangement of separate and comparatively bulky protection and switching devices required space for accommodating this

Facilities can be advantageously reduced. In addition to these two functions, the function of monitoring in the device can also be realized. By means of existing sensors and the communication interface, information about the respective status of the individual functions, for example, a central instance of the

Vehicle communicates and evaluated there. Thus, no additional space demanding

Components required for functional monitoring.

Furthermore, the installation of electronic switching and protective devices can be made more flexible, as a

Control via the communication interface is possible and this no manual intervention is required. The devices can thus be arranged in installation spaces of the car, which are not or only with difficulty accessible to maintenance ^¬ and operating personnel, and need not be arranged in, for example, a central control cabinet to be operated via a control panel of this cabinet by the staff can.

An example of the flexible and space-saving arrangement of electronic switching and protective devices is shown in FIG. This example is based on the example of FIG. 1 described above. Again, in and / or under the car body 4 of the carriage 2, by way of example, four

Consumers 18 arranged in different places. Farther are in and under the car body 4 exemplified two

Device container 14 arranged in each of which a number of electronic switching and protection devices 30 is arranged for the consumer 18. The electronic switching and protection devices 30 may be, for example, each part of a 19 "plug-in housing or a 19" assembly, which is or which is mounted in a device container 14. Furthermore, the electronic switching and protection devices 30 are electrically connected via lines 32 to the respectively supplied consumers 18.

As can be seen from the FIG 3, can through the

Summary of the functions of protecting and switching as well as the possibility of remote control and monitoring of these functions the electronic switching and

Protective devices 30 advantageously be flexibly positioned on the one hand. Due to high demands on the line protection, an arrangement in relative proximity of the energy source is advantageous, on the other hand, the devices 30 in the same way close to the electrical

Consumers 18 are arranged. In any case, due to the flexible positioning on the one hand existing

Space, for example in the underfloor area 12 or

Ceiling area of the car 2 and car body 4, are used, on the other hand, thereby freed space inside the car body passengers are provided. Further, by suitable positioning of the devices 30 near or near the power source

Consumers 18 length required electric

Lines between the containers 14 and the consumers 18 are advantageously optimized.

A central control cabinet, as described with respect to FIG. 1, is not specific in FIG

Although such a cabinet with a

For example, for other functions, the dash panel may still be provided in the carriage 2. If a control cabinet is provided in the interior of the car body, may alternatively to the illustrated arrangement in device containers 14 in the same way electronic switching and protection devices 30 are arranged in this cabinet. There are also, according to the example of FIG 1, no lines for the supply of the device container 14 and the switching and protective devices 30 with electrical energy and for the control of these devices 14 and the

Consumer 18 shown in FIG 3. As described with respect to FIG 1, such lines are to be arranged in a known manner in the car.

Advantageously, the mentioned realize

Semiconductor circuit breaker or Solid State Power Controller (SSPC) thus features several currently in

Rail vehicles used components or components for the protection, switching and monitoring of

Circuits for supplying consumers with electrical energy. The main function of an SSPC board is a combination of the power distribution functions as well as the protection and switching in an assembly. In this case, for switching loads electronic switches, for example

Transistors, instead of electromechanical components used which work wear-free and thus a longer life of the assembly over known

enable mechanical contactors and relays with less loss of power. Furthermore, the SSPC realizes an i ² t protection of the load by means of a current and voltage detection as well as a microcontroller. A

Tripping characteristic can be programmed and thus freely defined, whereby advantageous an individual

Adaptation to specific situations is made possible. The existing sensors also allow a situation that resulted in a trigger to be detected in the controller and information about this, for example

regarding the load and the status of the device, a central monitoring device communicates and can be evaluated by this. Also, this can for example a ground fault or insulation fault are detected when the presence of an electric arc fault is detected by the sensor. Various types of Solid State Power Controllers (SSPC) are known, which may be designed for switching DC (AC controller), AC (DC controller) or both types of current (AC / DC controller). They are thus flexible and known to all

Rail vehicles used electrical components used.

In summary, it is once again emphasized that the

The use of electronic switching and protective devices in a rail vehicle advantageously makes it possible to reduce the space previously required for the arrangement of line and motor circuit breakers, contactors and relays, as well as monitoring components. In particular the

Replacement of relatively large-volume contactors and relays by electronic assemblies and the so

associated gain in space allows advantageously an increase in the space for the accommodation of passengers in the interior of a car and thus an increase in the

Passenger capacity. In addition, the use of

electronic switching and protection devices instead of line and motor circuit breakers that they do not need to be placed in the place of a control panel, but relatively flexible in the interior or outside of the car body can be arranged, which in turn can be made room for passengers ,

Advantageously, by combining the various functions in one device, the effort for the

electrical connection of the previously arranged separately

Components significantly reduced together, thereby reducing both costs and in turn for these compounds to be provided space can be reduced.

Claims

claims

1. Device for a rail vehicle, comprising at least one electrical energy source (28) and at least one electrical load (18), which are electrically connected to one another by means of at least one line (32),

marked by

at least one electronic switching and protection device (30) for a protective and switching function of the at least one line and / or the at least one consumer (18).

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic switching and protective device (30) is designed as a semiconductor circuit breaker, in particular as a solid state power controller.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized

marked that

the electronic switching and protection device (30) is designed such that it realizes protection of the at least one load (18) and / or the at least one line (32) against overload and / or short circuit.

4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the electronic switching and protective device (30) is designed to perform a monitoring function.

5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the at least one line (32) is designed as a supply line.

6. Rail vehicle, characterized by at least one device according to claim 1.

7. Rail vehicle according to claim 6, characterized by a plurality of cars (2) for a passenger transport.

8. Rail vehicle according to claim 7, characterized by a busbar for transmitting electrical energy from the power source (28) to consumers (18) in the plurality of carriages (2).