EP3515675A1 - Procede de decoupe de tranches dans un lingot en materiau dur et fil abrasif - Google Patents
Procede de decoupe de tranches dans un lingot en materiau dur et fil abrasifInfo
- Publication number
- EP3515675A1 EP3515675A1 EP17780490.3A EP17780490A EP3515675A1 EP 3515675 A1 EP3515675 A1 EP 3515675A1 EP 17780490 A EP17780490 A EP 17780490A EP 3515675 A1 EP3515675 A1 EP 3515675A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- abrasive
- mark
- abrasive wire
- reflectance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/04—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools
- B28D5/045—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools by cutting with wires or closed-loop blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/0058—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines for fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material
- B28D5/0064—Devices for the automatic drive or the program control of the machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D61/00—Tools for sawing machines or sawing devices; Clamping devices for these tools
- B23D61/18—Sawing tools of special type, e.g. wire saw strands, saw blades or saw wire equipped with diamonds or other abrasive particles in selected individual positions
- B23D61/185—Saw wires; Saw cables; Twisted saw strips
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for cutting slices in an ingot of hard material. It also relates to an abrasive wire, a coil of abrasive wire and a cutting machine for implementing this cutting method.
- a material is hard if its microhardness on the Vickers scale is greater than 400 Hv or greater than or equal to 4 on the Mohs scale.
- the Vickers microdurits are expressed for a load of 110 gram force, that is to say for a force of 0.49N.
- the load must be adjusted according to the thickness of the material on which the measurements are made so that the size of the Vickers impression is less than the thickness of the material.
- Known methods comprise moving between two son-guides of an abrasive wire by rubbing it on the ingot and thus sawing this ingot, this abrasive wire comprising:
- the twist of the wire can change. Changes in the twist of the abrasive wire can be caused voluntarily and / or involuntarily.
- the application DE102011055006A1 teaches various techniques for intentionally rotating the abrasive wire about its longitudinal axis during the cutting process. Indeed, rotating the abrasive wire about its longitudinal axis is advantageous, for example, to evenly distribute the wear of the abrasive wire over its entire outer periphery.
- the problem is that the twist of the wire appears when it is moved during the cutting process and that at that time, this twist is very difficult to measure. Examples of measuring the twist of a wire are described in the following documents: JP2012250329A and WO96 / 33836A1. [008]
- the invention aims to overcome this disadvantage by providing a cutting process in which the twist of the abrasive wire can be easily estimated. It therefore relates to such a cutting method according to claim 1.
- the twist of the abrasive wire is simple to estimate through the use of a marked abrasive wire having an observable mark on its outer face which is deformed according to the twist of this abrasive wire. Indeed, unlike the twist of the abrasive wire which is hardly directly observable, the shape of the mark on the outer face of the abrasive wire is easy to read. However, as this shape depends on the twist of the wire, it is possible to deduce the twist of the abrasive wire even during its movement for sawing an ingot.
- the mark is present on the outer face of the abrasive wire, it is the abrasive particles of the abrasive wire that rub on the ingot for sawing. These abrasive particles protrude from the outer face of the abrasive wire so that the outer face between these abrasive particles normally does not normally come into direct contact with the ingot. Since the outer face of the abrasive wire between the abrasive particles does not rub or little on the ingot, the mark that is there is not worn or little. It therefore remains observable during a good part of the life of the abrasive wire, which makes it possible to use it to estimate the twist of the abrasive wire.
- Embodiments of this method may include one or more of the features of the process dependent claims.
- the control of a torsion device as a function of the estimated torsion makes it possible to avoid achieving too great a twist in the abrasive thread which substantially limits its tensile strength.
- the invention also relates to an abrasive wire adapted to be used for the implementation of the claimed cutting process.
- Embodiments of this abrasive wire may include one or more of the features of the abrasive wire dependent claims.
- abrasive particle density is greater than or equal to 10 particles / mm slows the wear of the mark on the outer face of the abrasive wire.
- the invention also relates to a roll of abrasive wire claimed.
- the claimed roller allows to rotate the abrasive wire about its longitudinal axis in one direction and, alternately, in the opposite direction without having to use a controllable device for twisting the abrasive wire.
- the invention also relates to a cutting machine for the implementation of the claimed cutting process.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a slice cutting machine in an ingot of hard material
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a cross-section of a first embodiment of an abrasive wire that can be used in the machine of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a partial schematic illustration and a top view of a portion of the abrasive wire of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration in plan view of a torsion device of the machine of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a reflectance sensor of the machine of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for cutting slices in an ingot using the machine of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 7 and 9 are schematic illustrations in top view, respectively, of a second and a third embodiments of an abrasive wire used in the machine of Figure 1.
- FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic and cross-sectional illustration of a fourth embodiment of an abrasive wire that can be used in the machine of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic perspective illustration of a roll of abrasive wire that can be used in the machine of FIG. 1.
- Figure 1 shows a machine 2 for cutting an ingot 4 in thin slices.
- the ingot 4 is a block, typically parallelepipedic, of a hard material.
- the hard material is monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon or sapphire or silicon carbide.
- the ingot 4 is a monocrystalline silicon block.
- This ingot 4 extends parallel to a horizontal direction Y.
- FIG. 1 and the following are oriented with respect to an orthogonal coordinate system XYZ, where X and Y are horizontal directions and Z is the vertical direction.
- thin slice typically denotes a slice whose thickness is less than 5 mm and generally less than 1 mm. These slices are better known as "Wafer”.
- the machine 2 comprises:
- an actuator 12 which vertically moves the ingot 4 as the wire 10 cuts off this ingot 4,
- the wire 10 is intended to cut the ingot 4 by friction or abrasion.
- the structure of the wire 10 is described in more detail with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
- the length of this wire 10 is generally greater than 100 m or 1000 m and usually less than 100 km.
- the wire 10 is surrounded around two son-guides 22 and 23 so as to obtain several sections of the wire 10 parallel to each other and which rub at the same time on the ingot 4
- the wire guides 22, 23 are each located on a respective side of the ingot 4 in the X direction.
- the space between two successive parallel sections of the wire 10 in the Y direction then defines the thickness of the cut slice.
- the motors 18 and 20 drive the coils 14 and 16 in rotation sometimes in one direction, sometimes in the opposite direction, so that the wire 10 is driven by a movement back and forth.
- Each coil 14, 16 generally comprises several turns of the wire 10 directly stacked on each other along the radial direction of this coil.
- the wire 10 is mechanically stretched between the coils 14 and 16.
- the machine 2 comprises mechanisms 26 and 27 for adjusting the tension of the wire 10.
- these mechanisms 26 and 27 are used to adjust the tension of the wire 10 wound on the coils 14 and 16.
- These mechanisms 26 and 27 are for example identical to those described in the application US20120298091.
- the machine 2 also comprises a system 28 for controlling and adjusting the twisting of the wire 10.
- This system 28 comprises:
- a fixed sensor 30 capable of measuring a physical quantity representative of the shape of a mark made on the outer face of the wire 10,
- a processing unit 32 programmed to estimate the twisting of the wire 10 from the measurements of the sensor 30 and to control the device 29 as a function of the estimated torsion.
- the twisting device 29 allows, in response to a command from the processing unit 32, to increase and, alternately, to reduce the twisting of the wire 10. An embodiment of this device 29 is described more in detail with reference to FIG.
- the processing unit 32 comprises a programmable microprocessor 34 capable of executing instructions stored in a non-volatile memory and a memory 36 connected to the microprocessor 34.
- the memory 36 includes the instructions and the data necessary to execute the method of the figure 6.
- the processing unit 32 is connected to the sensor 30 and the device 29 of torsion.
- FIGS 2 and 3 show in more detail the wire 10.
- the wire 10 extends along a longitudinal axis 40. It comprises a central core 42 on which are fixed abrasive particles 44 held on the core
- the yarn 10 has an outer face 48 from which the abrasive particles 44 protrude.
- the outer face 48 here corresponds to the outer face of the binder 46 located between the abrasive particles 44.
- the outer face 48 is cylindrical and completely surrounds the axis 40.
- the outer face 48 is centered on the axis 40
- the cross section of the outer face 48 is circular.
- the central core 42 is in the form of a single wire having a tensile strength greater than 2,000 MPa or 3,000 MPa and, generally, less than 5,000 MPa.
- the elongation at break of the core 42 is greater than 1% and preferably greater than 2%. Conversely, the elongation at break of the core 42 should not be too great and, for example, must remain below 10% or 5%. The elongation at break here represents the increase in the length of the core 42 before it breaks.
- the core 42 has a circular cross section.
- the diameter of the core 42 is between 10 ⁇ and 150 ⁇ and often between 70 ⁇ and 150 ⁇ . In this example, the diameter of the core 42 is equal to 120 ⁇ .
- the core 42 is made of an electrically conductive material. A material is considered electrically conductive if its resistivity is less than 10 5 ⁇ m at 20 ° C.
- the core 42 is made of steel, such as a carbon steel or a ferritic stainless steel or a brass steel. In this example, the core 42 is steel at 0.8% by weight of carbon.
- the linear density m of the core 4 is, for example, between 10 mg / m and 500 mg / m 2 and preferably between 50 mg / m and 200 mg / m 2.
- the abrasive particles 44 form teeth protruding on the face 48 which will come to erode the material to be cut. These abrasive particles must be harder than the material to be cut. Typically, the abrasive particles have a hardness of at least 42 Hv or 100 Hv greater than that of the ingot to be cut.
- each abrasive particle is formed of a material whose hardness is greater than 430 Hv on the Vickers scale and preferably greater than or equal to 1000 Hv. On the Mohs scale, the hardness of this material is greater than 7 or 8. Typically, this material represents more than 80% or 90% of the volume of the abrasive particle.
- particles 44 are diamonds.
- These diamonds may be multicrystalline diamonds often referred to by the acronym "RB diamonds (" Resin Bond ”) or monocrystalline diamonds called” Hyperion "such as those described in the application WO2011014884 and sold by the company Sandvik Hyperion®.
- RB diamonds Resin Bond
- Hyperion monocrystalline diamonds called Hyperion "such as those described in the application WO2011014884 and sold by the company Sandvik Hyperion®.
- the hardness of an abrasive particle can be estimated from their chemical composition, crystalline structure, and published data on the hardness of different minerals.
- the particle sizes 44 are distributed according to a law of probability.
- the particle size distribution 44 is such that:
- the minimum diameter of the particles 44 at 5% is greater than 5 ⁇
- the maximum diameter of the particles 44 at 95% is less than 40 ⁇ and less than one third of the diameter of the core. 42.
- the diameter D95 is a value such that 95%, by volume, particles 44 of the wire 10 have a diameter less than D95. In other words, only 5%, by volume, of the particles 44 of the wire 10 have a diameter greater than D95.
- the diameter D5 is a value such that only 5%, by volume, of the particles 44 of the wire 10 have a diameter less than D5. In other words, 95%, by volume, of the particles 44 of the wire 10 have a diameter greater than D5.
- the diameter of the particles 44 is measured by Coulter counter. The measurement method is described in ISO 13319: 2000 "Determination of particle size distribution - Electrical sensing zone method" or the revised ISO 13319: 2007 standard.
- abrasive particles To separate the abrasive particles from the yarn, it is immersed in an aqueous solution containing nitric acid. The metals of the core and the binder are dissolved, while the abrasive, insoluble particles are released. They are then extracted and rinsed before measuring their particle size. The indicated diameter corresponds to the diameter of the sphere which would behave identically during Coulter counter particle size analysis.
- the diameter D95 is less than 42 ⁇ or 25 ⁇ .
- the diameter D5 is greater than 8 ⁇ and the diameter D95 is less than or equal to 25 ⁇ or 42 ⁇ .
- the diameter D5 is equal to 12 ⁇ , and the diameter D95 is equal to 25 ⁇ .
- the abrasive particle density of the wire 10 is here expressed as the number of abrasive particles per millimeter of wire. This density of abrasive particles is measured according to the following method:
- a section of the sample of length L is selected where L is greater than or equal to 0.9 mm and generally less than or equal to 1 cm or 10 cm. Then, the number of abrasive particles 44 visible on the front side of this selected section is counted. In order not to count twice the abrasive particles that are visible on both sides, that is to say those whose image protrudes from the edge of the sample, these abrasive particles visible on both sides only increment the counter. of 0.5 while the abrasive particles visible only on the front side increment the same counter of 1.
- two abrasive particles 44A visible on both sides are illustrated. During this count, an agglomerate or a cluster of several abrasive particles is counted for only one. In FIG. 3, such an agglomeration 44B of abrasive particles is illustrated. In such an agglomerate, the various abrasive particles 44 are directly in mechanical contact with each other and the assembly therefore forms only one abrasive particle.
- the density of abrasive particles for this sample is then obtained by dividing the cumulative number of abrasive particles counted on the front and back sides by the length L of the selected section, expressed in mm.
- the abrasive particle density of the wire 10 is taken as the average of the abrasive particle densities measured on each of the samples.
- the particle density 44 of the wire 10 is greater than 1 abrasive particles per millimeter and preferably greater than 10 or 30 abrasive particles per millimeter.
- the particle density 44 is generally less than 300 abrasive particles per millimeter.
- Industrial cutting devices typically require at least 1 km of abrasive wire and often at least 2 km of abrasive wire. Therefore, the particle density 44 of the wire 10 is maintained in the density ranges given above over a continuous useful section of the wire 10 of at least 1 km or 2 km long.
- the density of particles 44 is constant within plus or minus 5% or 10%.
- this useful section preferably represents at least 80% or 90% of the total length of the wire 10.
- the useful section is equal to the total length of the wire 10.
- the binder 46 has the function of maintaining the abrasive particles 44 fixed without any degree of freedom on the core 42.
- the binder 46 is here a metal binder because these binders are harder than resins and therefore allow to maintain more effectively the abrasive particles on the core 42.
- the hardness of the binder 44 is greater than 450 Hv or 500 Hv on the Vickers scale.
- the binder is an alloy of nickel and cobalt such as that described in FR3005592. For example, it comprises from 20% to 40% by weight of cobalt.
- the binder 46 comprises 70% nickel and 30% cobalt, these percentages being given relative to the mass of the binder.
- the hardness of the binder 44 is then equal to 650 Hv on the Vickers scale within plus or minus 10%.
- the hardness of the binder is measured by instrumented nano-indentation, following the recommendations of the ISO14577-1: 2002 and ISO14577-4: 2007 standards. However, these standards can not be rigorously followed because the imprints are usually too close to the edges of the binder.
- the hardness obtained is then expressed in GPa. This GPa value is converted to Vickers hardness by applying the Oliver and Pharr model to the load and discharges relieved. That is why the load in gram strength is not given in the expression of Vickers hardness.
- a Berkovich indenter, a force of 10 mN, and a time of 15 seconds were employed.
- the thickness of the binder 46 is chosen to have an exposure of the abrasive particles between Emin and Emax, where Emin is strictly less than Emax.
- the thickness of the binder 46 is between Tbo_min and Tbo_max.
- Emin is greater than or equal to 110% and preferably 65% and Emax is less than or equal to 90%.
- Tco is the shortest distance between the top of the particle 44 farthest from the surface of the core 42 and the projection, in a radial direction, of this vertex on the surface of the core 42, and
- - Tbo is the thickness of the binder 46.
- the minimum exposure Emin of the particles 44 is calculated by considering that Tco is equal to the diameter D5 and that the thickness of the binder 46 is maximum, that is to say equal to Tbo_max.
- the maximum exposure Emax of the particles 46 is calculated considering that Tco is equal to the diameter D95 and that the thickness of the binder 46 is minimal, that is to say equal to Tbo_min.
- the thickness of the binder 46 is chosen between Tbo_min and Tbo_max.
- the thickness of the binder is chosen between 1.6 ⁇ and 4 ⁇ to obtain an average exposure of between 110% and 90%.
- the thickness of the binder 46 is chosen between 2.5 ⁇ and 4.5 ⁇ to obtain an average exposure of between 60% and 90%.
- the thickness of the binder 46 is chosen equal to 4 ⁇ .
- the thickness of the binder means its average thickness between the particles 44.
- the wire 10 is cut transversely in at least four different locations along its length. Four cross sections of the wire 10 similar to that shown in FIG. 2 are thus obtained. On each of these sections, the thickness of the binder 46 is measured in at least four points. The measuring points are located between the particles 44. Preferably, these measurement points are uniformly distributed over the periphery of the cross-section. For example, at each measurement point, the thickness is measured using an electron microscope. Indeed, the limit between the soul 42 and the binder 46 is visible on these cuts. Then, the thickness of the binder 46 is taken equal to the average of all the measurements obtained on each of the cross sections.
- the binder 46 is deposited in two successive layers 50 and 52 by electrolysis.
- the thickness of the layer 50 is low. It is for example less than one third of the median diameter of the abrasive particles. This layer 50 just makes it possible to weakly fix the particles 44 on the central core.
- the layer 52 has a greater thickness.
- the thickness of the layer 52, in the radial direction, is 1.5 or two times greater than the thickness of the layer 50. This layer 52 makes it possible to prevent the abrasive particles 44 from being pulled off when the thread 10 is used to cut the ingot 4.
- the wire 10 is for example manufactured as described in the application FR2988629.
- the face 48 has a mark 54 whose shape varies as a function of the twist of the wire 10.
- the face 48 also has a contrast zone 56 which makes it possible to observe the angular position of the mark 54.
- Such an abrasive wire bearing such a mark is subsequently referred to as "marked abrasive wire”.
- the mark 54 extends continuously and parallel to the axis 40 on the useful section of the wire 10. It extends over at least 62.5% and, preferably, at least 80% or 90% of this section useful. Here, by way of illustration, the mark 54 extends over the entire length of the wire 10.
- this mark 54 extends from a right side 60 to a left side 62 of an angular sector 64.
- the apex of the angular sector 64 is located on the axis 40.
- This angular sector 64 is called thereafter "marked angular sector".
- the angle at the apex of the angular sector 64 is denoted a.
- the angle ⁇ is greater than or equal to 0.5 ° or 1 ° and, preferably, greater than or equal to 45 ° or 60 °.
- the angle a is less than 180 ° or 150 °.
- the angle a is equal to 60 °.
- the position of the angular sector 64 is constant and independent of the value of the curvilinear abscissa where the cross section of the abrasive wire is observed.
- the position of the angular sector 64 around the axis 40 is the same over the entire length of the mark 54.
- the mark 54 is also straight and extends parallel to this axis 40 in the absence of torsion.
- the mark 54 forms a helix whose axis coincides with the axis 40.
- the shape of this mark varies according to the twisting of the thread 10.
- the mark 54 is made of a material whose reflectance R m is less than 20% at the wavelength ⁇ m .
- the mark 54 is made of a material which remains fixed on the face 48 even in the presence of the liquids usually spread on the wire 10 when sawing the ingot 4.
- the chosen material is insoluble in water.
- the material used to make the mark 54 is an indelible ink of black color.
- this may be the same black ink used in the Staedler® Lumocolor® 350-9 pencil.
- Such an ink may be deposited on the wire 10, for example, by means of an inking roller which rolls, in the X direction, on the wire 10 and which is in contact with the face 48 only inside the angular sector 64. Rather than using a roller or ink pad, it is also possible to project the ink in the angular sector 64 using a printing nozzle similar to that used in jet printers. inks.
- the reflectance of the mark 54 is less than 20% throughout the visible spectrum, that is to say between 0.4 ⁇ and 0.7 ⁇ .
- this reflectance R m also remains less than 20% in the infrared spectrum between 0.7 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ and, in particular, in the near-infrared spectrum between 0.7 ⁇ and 1.6 ⁇ .
- the wavelength A m can be chosen between 0.4 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ .
- the wavelength A m is chosen in the visible spectrum, that is to say between 0.4 ⁇ and 0.7 ⁇ .
- the contrast zone 56 makes it possible to identify the position of the sides 60 and 62 of the mark 54.
- the zone 56 has a reflectance R f at the wavelength A m which is substantially different from that of the mark 54.
- the reflectances are expressed as a percentage.
- substantially different is meant that the difference between the reflectances R m and R f is such that
- this outer face is constituted by the metal binder 46.
- the reflectance to the length A m of the binder 46 is greater than or equal to 80% or 90%.
- the zone 56 extends, in the transverse plane, along the sides 60 and 62 of the mark 54 over the entire length of the mark 54.
- the zone 56 is extends in each transverse plane where the mark 54 is present from the side 62 to the side 60 of a contiguous angular sector 70.
- the apex of the angular sector 70 is located on the axis 40.
- the angular sector 70 is here the sector angular complementary to the angular sector 64. In other words, the meeting of the angular sectors 64 and 70 extends over 360 °.
- the angular sector 70 is therefore equal to 360 ° - a.
- the angular sector 70 is preferably greater than or equal to 0.5 °.
- Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the device 29 of torsion.
- the device 29 comprises a lower wheel 80 and an upper wheel 82 which enclose the wire 10 between them. At least the tread of each of these wheels 80 and 82 is directly in contact with the wire 10.
- This tread is made of a material that has a high coefficient of friction with the wire 10.
- the tread is made of low hardness polyurethane or rough ceramic.
- the wheels 80 and 82 are rotatably mounted around, respectively, axes 84 and 86.
- the device 29 also comprises two controllable actuators 88 and 90.
- the actuators 88 and 90 are able to modify the inclination, respectively, of the axes
- these actuators are programmed to systematically keep the axes 84 and 86 symmetrical to each other with respect to this plane PV .
- the angle between the PV plane and the axis 84 is noted ⁇ .
- the wire 10 drives the wheels 80 and 82 in rotation in opposite directions from one another .
- This rotation of the wheels 80 and 82 causes a rotation of the wire 10 about the axis 40 and thus generates a twist of the wire 10 as a function of the angle ⁇ . More precisely, as long as the angle ⁇ is in the interval] 0 °; 45 °] or] 0 °; -45 °], the more the absolute value of the angle ⁇ increases, the more the torsion increases.
- FIG. 5 shows in more detail an exemplary embodiment of a sensor 30.
- This sensor 30 is a reflectance sensor of the face 48 of the wire 10 at the wavelength ⁇ m .
- this sensor 30 is arranged to be only responsive to the reflectance of the face 48 situated inside an angular sector 100 whose apex is situated on the axis 40.
- This angular sector 100 is less than or equal to 180 ° and, preferably, greater than or equal to the angular sector 64.
- the angular sector 100 is chosen equal to the angular sector 64.
- the mark 54 is exactly vis-à-vis the sensor 30, it occupies the entire of the angular sector 100 as shown in Figure 5. Under these conditions, the measured reflectance is minimal when the mark 54 occupies the predetermined angular position where it is exactly opposite the sensor 30.
- the position of the sensor 30 relative at wire 10 is here constant.
- the senor 30 comprises a single transducer 102 and a focusing device 104.
- the transducer 102 measures the reflectance at the wavelength ⁇ m and transforms it into an electrical signal transmitted to the processing unit 32.
- the transducer 102 has a single face sensitive to reflectance in contrast to transducers equipped with several pixels.
- the focusing device 104 focuses, towards the sensitive face of the transducer 102, the electromagnetic waves at the wavelength ⁇ m reflected by the face 48 located only inside the angular sector 100.
- the sensor 30 has no light source which emits incident radiation on the outer face 48 at the wavelength A m . Indeed, it is considered here that this source is constituted by the visible light of the external environment in which the machine 2 is located.
- a step 110 the motors 18 and 20 are controlled to unwind a length L1 of wire 10 of the coil 14 and, at the same time, wound a length L1 of wire 10 around the coil 16.
- the wire 10 then moves in the X direction.
- a step 112 once a length L1 of the wire 10 has been unwound from the coil 14, the control of the motors 18 and 20 is reversed for this time unwind a length L2 of wire 10 of the coil 16 and, at the same time, winding this length L2 of wire 10 around the coil 14.
- the wire 10 moves in the direction opposite to the direction X.
- step 112 stops and the process returns to step 110.
- the length L2 is shorter than the length L1 so that at each execution of the step 110, a length Ll-L2 of new wire is injected between the two coils 14 and 16.
- the difference between L2 and L1 is less than 2% or 1.5% of the length of the wire 10.
- this difference is equal to 1% of the length of the wire 10 to within plus or minus 10%.
- the wire 10 rubs on the ingot 4, which leads little by little to dig, by abrasion, a kerf in the upper face of the ingot.
- the ingot 4 and the wire 10 are generally sprayed with a liquid. This is usually water and one or more soluble lubricants. The concentration of lubricants is generally between 0.5% and 10% by volume.
- the actuator 12 advances the ingot 4 in the direction Z to maintain a good mechanical contact between the ingot 4 and the wire 10.
- the mechanisms 26 and 27 enslave the mechanical tension of the wire 10 on a CT mechanical tension setpoint.
- this set point CT is chosen so that the tension of the thread 10 on the reels 14 and 16 is less than or equal to half of the maximum tension before breakage supported by the wire 10.
- the maximum voltage before rupture is 43 N to plus or minus 15%.
- the mechanical voltage setpoint is therefore chosen to be less than 21.5 N. This makes it possible to increase the life of the wire 10.
- the system 28 automatically controls and adjusts the twist of the wire 10. For this, during a step 120, the system 28 raises a characteristic Ci of the shape
- the present characteristic Ci is the number of times, per unit length, where the mark 54 is detected in a predetermined angular position.
- the predetermined angular position corresponds to the position where the mark 54 is exactly vis-à-vis the sensor 30.
- the senor 30 permanently measures the reflectance of the outer face 48 only located within the angular sector 100.
- the measured signal is transmitted in real time to the unit of treatment 32.
- each time a new reflectance measurement is received by the processing unit 32 it looks for the presence of the mark 54 vis-à-vis the sensor 30. For this, the processing unit 32 determines from the measurements of the sensor 30 if the measured reflectance passes through a minimum. If so, the presence of the mark 54 vis-à-vis the sensor 30 is detected. Otherwise, it is the absence of the mark 54 vis-à-vis the sensor 30 is detected.
- the processing unit 32 determines from the measurements of the sensor 30 if the measured reflectance passes through a minimum. If so, the presence of the mark 54 vis-à-vis the sensor 30 is detected. Otherwise, it is the absence of the mark 54 vis-à-vis the sensor 30 is detected.
- the time t at which this is detected is recorded in the memory 36.
- p is an integer greater than or equal to one and, preferably, greater than or equal to two;
- V is the average speed of the wire 10 during the time interval [t c; t c ];
- N is the number of times the mark 54 has been detected in the interval] t cp; t c ].
- the processing unit 32 estimates the twisting of the wire 10 from the current value of the characteristic Ci and a known value of this characteristic Ci corresponding to a known twist of the
- the shape of the mark 54 is known in the case where the twist of the wire 10 is zero. Indeed, as described above, in the absence of torsion, the mark 54 is rectilinear. When the mark 54 is rectilinear, there are two possible cases: 1) it is never detected by the sensor 30 because it is never vis-à-vis the sensor 30,
- the processing unit 32 estimates the twisting To e of the wire 10, for example, with the aid of the following relation:
- the number of turns of the wire 10 around the axis 40 is expressed in radians so that a complete revolution is equal to 2 ⁇ .
- the processing unit 32 controls the twisting device 29 according to the estimate To e .
- the control strategy applied it aims to systematically maintain the twisting of the wire 10 below a threshold STo Ma x predetermined. Indeed, a significant twist of the wire 10 weakens it and may cause premature rupture of the wire.
- the threshold STo Ma x is less than or equal to the value of the twist of the wire 10 for which its tensile strength is equal to 50% of the tensile strength of the wire 10 in the absence of torsion.
- the threshold STo Ma x is less than or equal to 20n / cm or ⁇ / cm.
- the processing unit 32 compares the absolute value of the estimate To e with the threshold STo ma x. If the estimate To e exceeds the threshold STo Ma x, the processing unit 32 automatically controls the device 29 to reduce the twisting of the thread or automatically interrupts the operation of the machine 2 or triggers an alarm to inform an operator.
- the processing unit 32 slaves the twisting of the wire 10 on a C to lower torsion setpoint, in absolute value, at the STo Max threshold. .
- the processing unit 32 controls the device 29 to permanently minimize the difference between the setpoint C t0 and the estimate To e .
- the set point C t0 is modified at regular intervals to reverse the direction of twisting of the wire 10.
- the twisting of the wire 10 which rubs on the ingot 4 is sometimes in one direction, sometimes in the opposite direction. This makes it possible to uniformly distribute the wear of the wire 10 over its entire outer periphery.
- the 7 shows an abrasive wire 140 identical to the wire 10 except that the mark 54 is replaced by a mark 142.
- the mark 142 is for example identical to the mark 54 except that it is not continuous over the entire length of the useful section of the wire 10.
- the mark 142 is present only inside sections Tr, distributed at regular intervals over the entire length of the useful section of the wire 140. Between two successive sections Tr, the mark 140 is absent.
- the length of the sections Tr is, for example, greater than or equal to 1 cm or 5 cm and generally less than or equal to 50 cm or 30 cm.
- all the sections Tr have the same length LTn.
- the length of the gap I, between the sections Tr, and Tr i + i is for example greater than or equal to 1 cm or 5 cm and, generally, less than or equal to 50 cm or 30 cm.
- all the intervals I have the same length L1.
- the presence of unmarked intervals arranged regularly along the length of the wire 140 generates a periodic component in the reflectance measured by the sensor 30.
- This periodic component can for example, to be used to deduce the speed of the wire 140 since the lengths L1 and LTr are known.
- the 8 represents an abrasive wire 150 identical to the wire 10 except that the mark 54 is replaced by three contiguous marks 152, 154 and 156 made on the outer face 48.
- the mark 152 is here identical to the mark 54 except that it extends from one side 158 to an opposite side 160 of an angular sector 162.
- the angular sector 162 is equal to 120 ° and its vertex is located on the axis 40.
- the mark 154 is identical to the zone 56 except that it extends only from the side 160 to an opposite side 164 of an angular sector 166.
- the apex of the angular sector 166 is on the axis 40 and this angular sector 166 is here equal to 120 °.
- the mark 156 extends from the side 158 to the side 164 of an angular sector 168.
- the angular sector 168 therefore also 120 °.
- the reflectance R m i 52 of the mark 152 at the wavelength A m is substantially different from the reflectances R m i 54 and R m i56, respectively, of the marks 152 and 154.
- the reflectances R m i54 and Rmise are also substantially different from each other.
- the reflectances R m i52, Rmi54 and Rmise are equal, respectively, to 10%, 50% and 90% at the wavelength ⁇ m .
- the mark 152 it is the marks 154 and 156 which fulfill the function of the contrast zone previously described in the particular case of the zone 56.
- the marks 154 and 156 which 'frame that fulfill the function of contrast area. It is the same for the mark 156.
- the processing unit 32 When the wire 150 is used in place of the wire 10, the processing unit 32 is able to detect the direction of twist of the wire. For example, when the thread 150 is twisted clockwise, the processing unit 32 successively detects the marks 152, 154 and 156. Conversely, if the wire 150 is twisted in the opposite direction, the processing unit 32 detects successively the marks 152, 156 and 154. Thus, the presence of at least three different reflectance marks on the face 48 also allows, if necessary, to detect the direction of rotation of the abrasive wire.
- FIG. 9 shows an abrasive wire 180 identical to the wire 10. Except that the mark 54 is replaced by a mark 182.
- the mark 182 is identical to the mark 54 except that, in the absence of torsion, the mark 182 forms a helix whose axis coincides with the axis 40 and whose pitch P is known in the absence of torsion.
- the angular position of the angular sector 64 rotates about the axis 40 with a period P as one moves along the axis 40.
- the characteristic representative of the actual shape of the mark 180 recorded during the step 120 is, for example, the frequency F T for the detection of the mark 180.
- this frequency F T is equal to V / P.
- the frequency F T decreases and when the torsion increases in the opposite direction, the frequency F T increases.
- FIG. 10 represents a roller 190 comprising the coil 14 and the wire 10 wound on this coil 14.
- at least the useful section of the wire 10 wound on the coil 14 is divided into a succession of segments. S, successive.
- the index "i" is the sequence number of the segment S, counted from one end of the wire 10.
- Each segment S, of the wire 10 is generally at least 1 m long and, most often, less than 500 m or 100 m long.
- all segments S are the same length LS.
- the length LS is between 1 m and 100 m and, for example, the number N p of segments S is greater than or equal to two and generally greater than or equal to 10 or 50.
- the wire 10 turns systematically in the same direction and makes N, turns around the axis 40.
- the number N is positive.
- the wire 10 rotates in the opposite direction to the trigonometric direction within the segment S is negative.
- the number N is not necessarily an integer. It can be a real number because it is not necessary for the wire 10 to make a whole number of turns inside a segment S ,.
- the absolute value of the number N is greater than or equal to one and, preferably, greater than or equal to 5 or 10.
- the two segments S, and S i + 2 within which the wire 10 rotates in the same direction are systematically separated from one another by a segment S i + i where the wire 10 rotates in the opposite direction.
- the twist is small enough that the torsional deformation of the wire 10 is elastic.
- the twist of the wire inside any segment S is less than 5 turns / cm or 1 revolutions / cm.
- the accumulation of the numbers N, of each segment S, of the abrasive wire is less than or equal to Max [(
- the deformation is elastic, as soon as a segment S is unwound from the coil 40 and, if it is free to turn on itself, it then rotates on itself to reduce its torsion. At best, it turns sufficiently on itself until its twist on this segment is zero, that is to say, until it returns to an initial state where the number of turns of the wire 10 inside of the segment S, is zero.
- the number of marks simultaneously distributed on the face 48 of the abrasive wire may be greater than or equal to two or three. As described with reference to FIG. 8, if these marks have significantly different reflectances from each other at the wavelength At m , the contrast zone between these different marks may be omitted. On the other hand, if it is not the case, a contrast zone as described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 may be interposed between each different mark.
- the contrast zone which is entirely covered with black ink and the mark 54 which is directly constituted by the outer face of the binder 46.
- the mark is not not obtained by covering the outer surface with an ink or may be covered with an ink of a different color whose reflectance is substantially different from the reflectance of the contrast zone or immediately adjacent marks.
- the contrast zone 56 is covered with a material such as a white ink to obtain the desired reflectance R f for this zone 56.
- the marked angular sector is not necessarily constant over the entire length of the abrasive wire.
- the marked angular sector is 60 ° and, in another predetermined segment of the abrasive wire, the angular sector is greater than or equal to 180 °.
- the abrasive wire has several marks, at least some of them can perform the function of contrast zone for another of these marks.
- the length of the sections Tr, or intervals I are not necessarily all identical.
- the known initial shape of the mark is not necessarily that which corresponds to a zero twist of the abrasive wire.
- the known initial shape may be the shape of the mark when the twist of the abrasive wire is equal to this known initial twist and not zero.
- the mark may or may not cover the abrasive particles 44. This is of little importance since the beginning of the ingot sawing 4, the ink that covers the abrasive particles fades because of the friction of these particles abrasives against the ingot 4.
- the material used may be copper or gold.
- the angular sector 70 is for example first covered with an electrically insulating material and which can then easily be removed.
- this electrically insulating material is oil, grease or glue.
- the electrically insulating material is deposited on the entire outer face except at the locations where the mark is to be deposited.
- the wire coated with the electrically insulating material is immersed in an electrolyte bath and copper and / or gold is deposited on the outer face of the abrasive wire by electrodeposition. Finally, the electrically insulating material is removed.
- the wavelength A m is preferably chosen less than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ .
- An electroplating pad can also be used to deposit the copper or gold only at the desired location.
- the material used to make the mark is luminescent at the wavelength ⁇ m .
- it comprises luminescent particles. The production of such a luminescent material is described in detail in Application FR3041650A1. This notably makes it possible to improve the contrast between the reflectances R m and R f .
- the ends of the abrasive wire are welded to one another to form a marked abrasive wire loop.
- a cutting machine uses a loop of abrasive wire, it is not necessary that the abrasive wire be moved in one direction and, alternately, in the opposite direction to saw the ingot 4.
- the cutting machine can result in Permanently and consistently abrasive wire in the same direction.
- the length of the abrasive wire is generally less than 10 m or 5 m.
- the cross section of the face 48 is not necessarily circular. What has been previously described also works with abrasive threads whose cross section of the outer face is, for example, slightly oblong or elliptical.
- the binder 46 may be a resin.
- the abrasive wire described in this application can also be used to adjust various parameters of a cutting machine devoid of reflectance sensor and / or controllable torsion device.
- the abrasive wire 10 is mounted in a cutting machine devoid of a reflectance sensor. Then, this machine is turned on and the wire 10 is moved between the wire guides. If the angular sector 64 is large enough so that the presence of the mark 54 on the outer face of the wire 10 is visible to the naked eye, then an operator can count with the naked eye the number of times the mark 54 appears. then disappears for a predetermined time. From this manual count, it can estimate the frequency of occurrence of the mark 54. The greater the twist in the yarn, the higher the estimated occurrence frequency.
- torsion devices of the cutting machine can increase the lubricant concentration to decrease the coefficient of friction between the wire guides and the abrasive wire. Increasing the lubricant concentration decreases the adhesion of the abrasive wire to the wire guide and generally decreases the twist of the thread. Then, to verify that the twisting of the wire is now acceptable, it can again estimate with the naked eye the frequency of appearance of the mark 54. If the twist of the abrasive wire still seems too high, it can again change the settings of the cutting machine. Otherwise, if the twist of the abrasive wire is suitable, the adjustment of the cutting machine is completed and it can then proceed to cut the slices in the ingot of hard material.
- the abrasive wire described can also be used in a cutting machine equipped with a processing unit which estimates the twist of the abrasive wire and which does not automatically control a twisting device of this wire. For example, the estimate of the twist is simply communicated to an operator via a man / machine interface. In response, this operator can manually adjust the twisting device to increase or, conversely, decrease the twist of the abrasive wire.
- the sensor 30 and the torsion device 29 may be placed at other locations than those shown in FIG. 1.
- the sensor 30 is not necessarily located between the two wire guides 22 and 23 but can be placed between the spool 14 and the thread guide 22 or between the spool 16 and the thread guide 23.
- the reflectance can be measured at other wavelengths and, in particular, at wavelengths outside the visible spectrum.
- the wavelength ⁇ m is chosen within a range of values within which the material to be cut is transparent.
- a material is "transparent" at a given wavelength if, at this given wavelength, its transmission rate is greater than or equal to 0.6 and, preferably greater than or equal to 0 , 8 or 0.9.
- the wavelength A m will advantageously be chosen in the infrared and, typically, in the range between 1.2 ⁇ and 7 ⁇ . Indeed, in the case where the cut material is transparent to the wavelength ⁇ m , then this prevents the chips or dust of the cut material from disturbing the measurement of the reflectance of the abrasive wire.
- the measurement of the reflectance of the abrasive wire can also be performed simultaneously at several wavelengths A m different.
- the sensor does not need to directly measure the reflectance of the outer face of the abrasive wire but can measure another physical quantity that varies according to the reflectances of the mark and the contrast areas.
- the sensor is replaced by a camera that films the outer face of the abrasive wire that moves in front of its lens.
- This camera is a a camera that films in the visible spectrum if the wavelength ⁇ m is located in the visible spectrum or an infrared camera that films in the infrared range if the wavelength ⁇ m is located in the infrared spectrum.
- the processing unit 32 processes these images so as to identify the position of the mark in each of these images when it is present in these images.
- the noted characteristic of the actual shape of the mark may be the same as that previously described.
- the images filmed by the camera each comprise several pixels, for example more than 256 pixels, it is possible to note other characteristics of the current form of the mark which can not be recorded using a simple single-pixel reflectance sensor.
- the inclination of the mark relative to a fixed direction for example parallel to an edge of the image, can be raised. The greater this inclination, the greater the twist of the abrasive wire is important.
- the senor 30 may be replaced by a hyperspectral camera which generates images comprising several pixels and in which the value of each pixel is associated with a reflectance value measured by a particular transducer of this camera.
- the angular sector 100 is strictly greater than the angular sector 64.
- the reflectance is also maximum when the mark 54 is exactly opposite this sensor 30. .
- the focusing device 104 may be omitted.
- the senor 30 also comprises a light source which illuminates the face 48 at the wavelength ⁇ m .
- the transducer 102 may be replaced by a transducer that measures the reflectance in the infrared.
- the transducer 102 is replaced by a transducer marketed under the reference QTR-1A by AlphaCrucis®.
- the torsion device can be made by drawing inspiration from the embodiment described in DE 10201105500630A1.
- the torsion device is identical to that described with reference to FIG. 1 except that the inclination of the axis of the reel 13 is controllable and can be modified automatically in response to a command from the processing unit 32.
- one of the wheels 80 or 82 is omitted.
- a torsion device may also comprise a controllable mechanism which displaces, in translation along its axis of rotation, one of the wire guides 22, 23 relative to the other of the wire guides 22, 23. Indeed, the fact that the orthogonal projection of the wire 10 in a horizontal plane containing the axis of rotation of one of the wire guides 22, 23 intersects the axis of this wire guide with an angle other than 90 °, This twisting device embodiment can be used in place of the above-described torsion devices or in addition to these devices.
- the mark is deposited on an abrasive wire by an ink pad as the wire 10 is unwound from the reel 14 or 16.
- the abrasive thread before being unwound from the spool, the abrasive thread does not present a mark.
- the embodiment described with reference to Figure 10 may be implemented to distribute more evenly the wear on the outer periphery of the abrasive wire both in the case where the abrasive wire has a mark that in the case where this abrasive wire is devoid of a mark such as the mark 54.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1659009A FR3056428B1 (fr) | 2016-09-26 | 2016-09-26 | Procede de decoupe de tranches dans un lingot en materiau dur |
| PCT/FR2017/052495 WO2018055273A1 (fr) | 2016-09-26 | 2017-09-19 | Procede de decoupe de tranches dans un lingot en materiau dur et fil abrasif |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3515675A1 true EP3515675A1 (fr) | 2019-07-31 |
Family
ID=57286722
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17780490.3A Withdrawn EP3515675A1 (fr) | 2016-09-26 | 2017-09-19 | Procede de decoupe de tranches dans un lingot en materiau dur et fil abrasif |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20190275701A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3515675A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3056428B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018055273A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018221922A1 (de) | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-18 | Siltronic Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Halbleiterscheiben mittels einer Drahtsäge, Drahtsäge und Halbleiterscheibe aus einkristallinem Silizium |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE1009305A3 (fr) * | 1995-04-28 | 1997-02-04 | Diamant Boart Sa | Element de raccord pour cable diamante et cable diamante muni d'un tel element de raccord. |
| JP5833550B2 (ja) | 2009-07-31 | 2015-12-16 | ダイヤモンド イノベイションズ インコーポレーテッド | 表面変性研磨材粒子を含む精密ワイヤ |
| WO2011070386A1 (fr) * | 2009-12-11 | 2011-06-16 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Dispositif de contrôle du fil d'un appareil de sciage au fil hélicoïdal et son procédé d'utilisation |
| US8881716B2 (en) | 2010-02-08 | 2014-11-11 | Toyo Advanced Technologies Co., Ltd. | Wire saw with tension detecting means and guide roller speed control |
| JP2012250329A (ja) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-20 | Sharp Corp | ワイヤソー装置およびワーク切断方法、ウエハの製造方法 |
| DE102011055006B4 (de) * | 2011-11-02 | 2013-06-20 | Schott Solar Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Führen eines Sägedrahtes |
| FR2988629B1 (fr) | 2012-04-02 | 2014-05-02 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et appareil de fabrication d'un fil de decoupe |
| FR3005592B1 (fr) | 2013-05-14 | 2015-04-24 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Fil abrasif de sciage |
| FR3041650B1 (fr) | 2015-09-30 | 2017-10-20 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Substrat luminescent contenant des particules abrasives, et son procede de preparation |
-
2016
- 2016-09-26 FR FR1659009A patent/FR3056428B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-09-19 US US16/335,324 patent/US20190275701A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-09-19 WO PCT/FR2017/052495 patent/WO2018055273A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-09-19 EP EP17780490.3A patent/EP3515675A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2018055273A1 (fr) | 2018-03-29 |
| FR3056428A1 (fr) | 2018-03-30 |
| FR3056428B1 (fr) | 2018-10-19 |
| US20190275701A1 (en) | 2019-09-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3894158B1 (fr) | Procedés de suivi de la coupe en fonction de la flêche d'au moins un fil de coupe et dispositif associé | |
| EP0281511A1 (fr) | Dispositif pour sectionner un fil métallique | |
| WO2016203135A1 (fr) | Fil abrasif pour la découpe de tranches dans un lingot en matériau dur | |
| EP1495441B1 (fr) | Syst me de marquage magnetique, procede et machine pour sa fabrication | |
| EP3515675A1 (fr) | Procede de decoupe de tranches dans un lingot en materiau dur et fil abrasif | |
| EP2516146B1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de mesure de l'angle de nappe avant coupe | |
| EP1577219B1 (fr) | Dispositif de pose sur un fardeau d'une poignée préparée | |
| FR2969133A1 (fr) | Dispositif de trancannage | |
| WO1991009711A1 (fr) | Couteau a levre et dispositif de coupe | |
| FR2728888A1 (fr) | Procede d'obtention de preforme de fibre optique employant la recharge plasma | |
| FR3115485A1 (fr) | Procédé de découpe en tranches d’un bloc | |
| FR3102088A1 (fr) | Enroulage et Déroulage d’une Bande de Gomme et d’un Intercalaire Portant la Bande de Gomme | |
| EP3659734B1 (fr) | Procédé de détermination d'au moins un paramètre d'usure d'un fil de coupe et son dispositif de mise en oeuvre | |
| EP3609633A1 (fr) | Installation de régulation de la tension d'un monofilament métallique et d'enroulage du monofilament métallique | |
| CH650996A5 (fr) | Procede et dispositif de trancannage automatique a asservissement. | |
| EP3197653B1 (fr) | Dispositif de découpe par fil comportant un système de détection et de mesure d'une flèche du fil et procédé de mise en oeuvre d'un tel dispositif | |
| EP3802025B1 (fr) | Procédé de mise au point d'un banc de cisaillement et banc de cisaillement associé | |
| WO2014048822A1 (fr) | Procede de coupe d'une bande de produit de renfort pour pneumatique comprenant des fils faisant un angle avec la direction longitudinale du produit | |
| EP2292542A1 (fr) | Procédé pour l'enroulement d'un câble, ou similaire sur un support d'enroulement, et dispositif pour l'enroulement d'un câble, en tant que tel | |
| EP2656953B1 (fr) | Scie à fil et fil pour découper un matériau | |
| FR3102087A1 (fr) | Enroulage et Déroulage d’une Bande de Gomme et d’un Intercalaire Portant la Bande de Gomme | |
| CH715277A2 (fr) | Dispositif et méthode pour l'auto-ajustement d'éléments de guidage avant d'approvisionner une machine de traitement en barres. | |
| FR3027555A1 (fr) | Procede ameliore d'impression d'une image semi-transparente sur une plaque lenticulaire | |
| FR2746517A1 (fr) | Dispositif de defilement d'un film |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20190320 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20200603 |