EP3511657A1 - Air conditioning apparatus and refrigerant leakage detection method - Google Patents
Air conditioning apparatus and refrigerant leakage detection method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3511657A1 EP3511657A1 EP16904250.4A EP16904250A EP3511657A1 EP 3511657 A1 EP3511657 A1 EP 3511657A1 EP 16904250 A EP16904250 A EP 16904250A EP 3511657 A1 EP3511657 A1 EP 3511657A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- temperature
- pipe
- indoor
- air
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0314—Temperature sensors near the indoor heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0315—Temperature sensors near the outdoor heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
- F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air-conditioning apparatus and a refrigerant leakage detection method, for determining whether or not refrigerant leakage is present with use of temperature sensors each provided in an area adjacent to a seam in a refrigerant pipe.
- Some refrigerants used in an air-conditioning apparatus have flammability. If refrigerant leaks and the concentration of the leaking refrigerant exceeds a predetermined lower flammable limit, the refrigerant is caused to be ignited.
- the problem may be caused in that, when an ambient temperature largely changes, this change may be falsely detected by a controller as refrigerant leakage on the basis of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor. Consequently, there is known a technology in which, while the compressor is stopped, the controller constantly calculates the difference between the temperature of the indoor heat exchanger, that is, the temperature of the leaking refrigerant, and the temperature of indoor air, and determines that refrigerant has leaked when this temperature difference has decreased at a predetermined rate or more (see, for example, Patent Literature 3).
- the controller is allowed to determine the presence of refrigerant leakage when the indoor fan is in a stopped condition, in which the concentration of the leaked refrigerant increases.
- the temperature sensor is arranged in a location susceptible to the influence of the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant pipe.
- the indoor fan is not running when the controller determines whether or not refrigerant leakage is present, and thus the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe in the indoor unit is at a decreased temperature. Consequently, the controller may provide false detection of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the temperature measured by the temperature sensor.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem, and thus it is an object of the present invention to provide an air-conditioning apparatus and a refrigerant leakage detection method, which are capable of preventing false detection of refrigerant leakage when the temperature of a refrigerant pipe is low.
- an air-conditioning apparatus including a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion device, an outdoor heat exchanger, and a switching device configured to switch operation to a heating operation or a defrosting operation are connected by a refrigerant pipe to circulate refrigerant, an indoor fan configured to supply air to the indoor heat exchanger, a temperature sensor located in a vicinity of at least one of an outlet and an inlet of the indoor heat exchanger in the refrigerant circuit, the temperature sensor being provided in an area adjacent to a seam in the refrigerant pipe, and a controller configured to determine the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the temperature measured by the temperature sensor, in which the controller is configured to determine the presence of refrigerant leakage during a period in which the indoor fan is stopped, and to stop the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage during a period in which the defrosting operation is performed.
- refrigerant leakage detection method including measuring, in a refrigerant circuit in which refrigerant is circulated to perform a heating operation, in which air is supplied to an indoor heat exchanger with use of an indoor fan, or a defrosting operation, a temperature of an area in the vicinity of a seam in a refrigerant pipe, determining, during a period in which the indoor fan is stopped, the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the measured temperature, and stopping, during a period in which the defrosting operation is performed, the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of the decrease in the measured temperature.
- the controller determines the presence of refrigerant leakage during the period in which the indoor fan is stopped, and stops the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage during the period in which the defrosting operation is performed. This configuration prevents false detection of refrigerant leakage from being made when the temperature of the refrigerant pipe is low.
- Fig. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram for illustrating the schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- features such as dimensional relationships and shapes of components may be different from the real ones in some cases.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes a refrigerant circuit 40 in which refrigerant circulates.
- the refrigerant circuit 40 includes the following components sequentially connected in a loop by a refrigerant pipe, a compressor 3, an indoor heat exchanger 7, a pressure reducing device 6, an outdoor heat exchanger 5, and a refrigerant flow switching device 4 configured to switch the operation to a cooling operation, a heating operation, or a defrosting operation.
- the pressure reducing device 6 corresponds to an expansion device of the present invention.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 4 corresponds to a switching device of the present invention.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes, as a heat source unit, an outdoor unit 2 that is arranged outdoors, for example.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes, as a load unit, an indoor unit 1 that is arranged indoors, for example.
- the indoor unit 1 and the outdoor unit 2 are connected to each other by extension pipes 10a and 10b each serving as a part of the refrigerant pipe.
- refrigerant that circulates in the refrigerant circuit 40 examples include a mildly flammable refrigerant, for example, HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze, and a highly flammable refrigerant, for example, R290 or R1270.
- a mildly flammable refrigerant for example, HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze
- a highly flammable refrigerant for example, R290 or R1270.
- Each of these refrigerants may be used as a single-component refrigerant, or may be used as a refrigerant mixture of two or more types of refrigerant.
- Refrigerants with levels of flammability equal to or higher than mild flammability are hereinafter sometimes referred to as "flammable refrigerants”.
- a non-flammable refrigerant that has non-flammability for example, "1" in the ASHRAE-34 classification, for example, R22 or R410A, may also be used as the refrigerant that circulates in the refrigerant circuit 40.
- These refrigerants have densities greater than that of air under atmospheric pressures, for example.
- the compressor 3 is a fluid machine configured to compress a low-pressure refrigerant sucked into the compressor 3, and discharges the compressed refrigerant as a high-pressure refrigerant.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 4 switches the direction of refrigerant flow in the refrigerant circuit 40 between the cooling operation and the heating operation.
- the refrigerant flow switching device 4 switches the direction of refrigerant flow in the refrigerant circuit 40 such that, in the defrosting operation, refrigerant flows in the same direction as that in the cooling operation.
- a four-way valve is used as the refrigerant flow switching device 4.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 acts as a radiator serving as, for example, a condenser, in the cooling operation, and acts as an evaporator in the heating operation.
- heat is exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in the outdoor heat exchanger 5, and the outdoor air being supplied by an outdoor fan 5f described later.
- the pressure reducing device 6 reduces the pressure of a high-pressure refrigerant to turn the refrigerant into a low-pressure refrigerant.
- an electronic expansion valve with an adjustable opening degree is used as the pressure reducing device 6, for example.
- the indoor heat exchanger 7 acts as an evaporator in the cooling operation, and acts as a radiator serving as, for example, a condenser, in the heating operation.
- heat is exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in the indoor heat exchanger 7, and the air being supplied by an indoor fan 7f described later.
- the cooling operation refers to an operation in which a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 7.
- the heating operation refers to an operation in which a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 7.
- the defrosting operation refers to an operation performed at some point during the heating operation to melt and remove frost formed on the outdoor heat exchanger 5 of the outdoor unit 2.
- the outdoor unit 2 accommodates the compressor 3, the refrigerant flow switching device 4, the outdoor heat exchanger 5, and the pressure reducing device 6.
- the outdoor unit 2 accommodates the outdoor fan 5f configured to supply outdoor air to the outdoor heat exchanger 5.
- the outdoor fan 5f is arranged to be opposed to the outdoor heat exchanger 5. When the outdoor fan 5f rotates, a flow of air passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is generated.
- a propeller fan is used as the outdoor fan 5f.
- the outdoor fan 5f is arranged, for example, downstream of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 with respect to the flow of air generated by the outdoor fan 5f.
- Refrigerant pipes arranged in the outdoor unit 2 include a refrigerant pipe connecting an extension-pipe connection valve 13a and the refrigerant flow switching device 4 and serving as a gas-side refrigerant pipe in the cooling operation, a suction pipe 11 connected to the suction side of the compressor 3, a discharge pipe 12 connected to the discharge side of the compressor 3, a refrigerant pipe connecting the refrigerant flow switching device 4 and the outdoor heat exchanger 5, a refrigerant pipe connecting the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the pressure reducing device 6, and a refrigerant pipe connecting an extension-pipe connection valve 13b and the pressure reducing device 6 and serving as a liquid-side refrigerant pipe in the cooling operation.
- the extension-pipe connection valve 13a is formed by a two-way valve capable of being switched to be opened or closed.
- a joint portion 16a for example, a flare joint, is mounted at one end of the extension-pipe connection valve 13a.
- the extension-pipe connection valve 13b is formed by a three-way valve capable of being switched to be opened or closed.
- a service port 14a which is used during vacuuming performed prior to filling the refrigerant circuit 40 with refrigerant, is mounted at one end of the extension-pipe connection valve 13b.
- a joint portion 16b for example, a flare joint, is mounted at the other end of the extension-pipe connection valve 13b.
- a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant compressed by the compressor 3 flows through the discharge pipe 12 in each of the cooling operation, the heating operation, and the defrosting operation.
- a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant or two-phase refrigerant that has undergone evaporation flows through the suction pipe 11 in each of the cooling operation, the heating operation, and the defrosting operation.
- a service port 14b with flare joint which is a low pressure-side service port, is connected to the suction pipe 11.
- a service port 14c with flare joint which is a high pressure-side service port, is connected to the discharge pipe 12.
- the service ports 14b and 14c are used to connect a pressure gauge to measure operating pressure during a test run made at the time of installation or repair of the air-conditioning apparatus 100.
- the outdoor unit 2 is provided with an outdoor pipe temperature sensor 90 configured to measure outdoor refrigerant temperature in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 of the outdoor unit 2.
- the outdoor pipe temperature sensor 90 outputs a detection signal to a controller 30 configured to control the overall operation of the air-conditioning apparatus.
- the indoor unit 1 accommodates the indoor heat exchanger 7.
- the indoor unit 1 accommodates the indoor fan 7f configured to supply air to the indoor heat exchanger 7.
- the indoor fan 7f rotates, a flow of air passing through the indoor heat exchanger 7 is generated.
- a centrifugal fan for example, a sirocco fan or a turbo fan, a cross-flow fan, a mixed flow fan, or an axial fan, for example, a propeller fan, is used as the indoor fan 7f.
- the indoor fan 7f is arranged upstream of the indoor heat exchanger 7 with respect to the flow of air generated by the indoor fan 7f.
- the position of the indoor fan 7f is not limited to this configuration.
- the indoor fan 7f may be arranged downstream of the indoor heat exchanger 7.
- an indoor pipe 9a on the gas side is provided with a joint portion 15a, for example, a flare joint, which is located at the connecting portion to the extension pipe 10a on the gas side to connect to the extension pipe 10a.
- a joint portion 15a for example, a flare joint
- an indoor pipe 9b on the liquid side is provided with a joint portion 15b, for example, a flare joint, which is located at the connecting portion to the extension pipe 10b on the liquid side to connect to the extension pipe 10b.
- the indoor unit 1 is provided with a suction air temperature sensor 91 configured to measure the temperature of indoor air sucked in from the indoor space.
- the indoor unit 1 is provided with a heat exchanger liquid pipe temperature sensor 92 configured to measure the temperature of liquid refrigerant at the location of the indoor heat exchanger 7 that becomes the inlet during the cooling operation or the outlet during the heating operation.
- the indoor unit 1 is provided with a heat exchanger two-phase pipe temperature sensor 93 configured to detect evaporating temperature or condensing temperature, which is the temperature of two-phase refrigerant in the indoor heat exchanger 7.
- the indoor unit 1 is provided with temperature sensors 94a and 94b used for refrigerant leakage detection described later.
- the temperature sensors 91, 92, 93, 94a, and 94b each output a detection signal to the controller 30 configured to control the overall operation of the air-conditioning apparatus.
- the controller 30 has a microcomputer including components such as a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an input-output port, and a timer.
- the controller 30 is capable of performing data communication with an operating unit 26 (see Fig. 2 ).
- the operating unit 26 receives an operation made by the user, and outputs an operation signal based on the operation to the controller 30.
- the controller 30 controls, on the basis of an operation signal from the operating unit 26 or detection signals from various sensors, the overall operation of the air-conditioning apparatus including operations of the compressor 3, the refrigerant flow switching device 4, the pressure reducing device 6, the outdoor fan 5f, and the indoor fan 7f.
- the controller 30 may be provided inside the housing of the indoor unit 1, or may be provided inside the housing of the outdoor unit 2.
- the controller 30 may include an outdoor-unit control unit provided in the outdoor unit 2, and an indoor-unit control unit provided in the indoor unit 1 and capable of performing data communication with the outdoor-unit control unit.
- the cooling operation is described.
- the solid arrows indicate the flow of refrigerant in the cooling operation.
- the refrigerant circuit 40 is configured such that, in the cooling operation, the flows of refrigerant are switched by the refrigerant flow switching device 4 as indicated by the solid arrows to direct a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant into the indoor heat exchanger 7.
- a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 3 first enters the outdoor heat exchanger 5 via the refrigerant flow switching device 4.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 acts as a condenser. That is, in the outdoor heat exchanger 5, heat is exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the outdoor air being supplied by the outdoor fan 5f, and the condensation heat of the refrigerant is rejected to the outdoor air. This operation causes the refrigerant entering the outdoor heat exchanger 5 to condense into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the pressure reducing device 6 in which its pressure is reduced, and the refrigerant turns into a low-pressure and two-phase refrigerant.
- the low-pressure and two-phase refrigerant enters the indoor heat exchanger 7 of the indoor unit 1 via the extension pipe 10b.
- the indoor heat exchanger 7 acts as an evaporator. That is, in the indoor heat exchanger 7, heat is exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in the indoor heat exchanger 7 and, for example, the indoor air being supplied by the indoor fan 7f, and the evaporation heat of the refrigerant is removed from the air. This operation causes the refrigerant
- the air supplied by the indoor fan 7f is cooled when the refrigerant removes heat from the air.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant or two-phase refrigerant evaporating in the indoor heat exchanger 7 is sucked into the compressor 3 via the extension pipe 10a and the refrigerant flow switching device 4.
- the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 3 is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant. The above-mentioned cycle is repeated in the cooling operation.
- the dotted arrows indicate the flow of refrigerant in the heating operation.
- the refrigerant circuit 40 is configured such that, in the heating operation, the flows of refrigerant are switched by the refrigerant flow switching device 4 as indicated by the dotted arrows to direct a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant to flow into the indoor heat exchanger 7.
- the refrigerant flows in a direction opposite to that in the cooling operation, and the indoor heat exchanger 7 acts as a condenser.
- the indoor heat exchanger 7 heat is exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in the indoor heat exchanger 7 and the air being supplied by the indoor fan 7f, and the condensation heat of the refrigerant is rejected to the air.
- the air supplied by the indoor fan 7f is thus heated when the refrigerant rejects heat to the air.
- frost is formed on the outdoor heat exchanger 5.
- Frost formation on the outdoor heat exchanger 5 leads to reduced heating capacity of the air-conditioning apparatus 100, which may prevent a target indoor temperature from being reached. Consequently, the defrosting operation is performed at some point during the heating operation to remove frost from the outdoor heat exchanger 5.
- refrigerant flows in the direction indicated by the solid arrows in Fig. 1 as in the cooling operation.
- a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 3 first enters the outdoor heat exchanger 5 via the refrigerant flow switching device 4.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 5 acts as a condenser. That is, in the outdoor heat exchanger 5, heat is exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 and the outdoor air being supplied by the outdoor fan 5f, and the condensation heat of the refrigerant is rejected to the outdoor air. As a result, the frost formed on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is caused to melt.
- the refrigerant entering the outdoor heat exchanger 5 condenses into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the pressure reducing device 6 in which its pressure is reduced, and the refrigerant turns into a low-pressure and two-phase refrigerant.
- the low-pressure and two-phase refrigerant enters the indoor heat exchanger 7 of the indoor unit 1 via the extension pipe 10b.
- the air-sending operation of the indoor fan 7f is stopped. In other words, in the indoor heat exchanger 7, heat is less likely to be exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in the indoor heat exchanger 7 and the air being supplied by the indoor fan 7f.
- the refrigerant entering the indoor heat exchanger 7 evaporates into a low-pressure gas refrigerant or two-phase refrigerant.
- the low-pressure gas refrigerant or two-phase refrigerant evaporating in the indoor heat exchanger 7 is sucked into the compressor 3 via the extension pipe 10a and the refrigerant flow switching device 4.
- the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 3 is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the above-mentioned cycle is repeated in the cooling operation.
- Fig. 2 is a front view for illustrating the outer appearance of the indoor unit 1 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a front view for schematically illustrating the internal structure of the indoor unit 1 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a side view for schematically illustrating the internal structure of the indoor unit 1 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the left-hand side in Fig. 4 indicates the side toward the indoor space corresponding to the front side of the indoor unit 1.
- Embodiment 1 employs, as an example of the indoor unit 1, the indoor unit 1 of a floor type arranged on the floor surface of the indoor space that is an air-conditioned space.
- the positional relationships of components, for example, their vertical arrangement, in the following description are those obtained when the indoor unit 1 is arranged in its ready-to-use position.
- the indoor unit 1 includes a housing 111 having a vertically elongated rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- An air inlet 112 for sucking indoor air is located in a lower part of the front surface of the housing 111.
- the air inlet 112 is located at a position below the central part of the housing 111 in a vertical direction of the housing 111 and close to the floor surface.
- An air outlet 113 for blowing out the air sucked in through the air inlet 112 is located in an upper part of the front surface of the housing 111, that is, at a position higher than the air inlet 112, for example, at a position above the central part of the housing 111 in the vertical direction.
- the operating unit 26 is disposed on the front surface of the housing 111 at a position above the air inlet 112 and below the air outlet 113.
- the operating unit 26 is connected to the controller 30 via a communication line, and is capable of performing data communication with the controller 30.
- the operating unit 26 is operated by the user to perform operations such as starting and ending the operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100, switching of operation modes, and setting of a preset temperature and a preset air flow rate.
- the operating unit 26 is provided with a display, an audio output unit, or other components as an informing unit configured to provide information to the user.
- the housing 111 is a hollow box.
- the front surface of the housing 111 is provided with a front opening.
- the housing 111 includes a first front panel 114a, a second front panel 114b, and a third front panel 114c that are removably attached to the front opening.
- Each of the first front panel 114a, the second front panel 114b, and the third front panel 114c has a substantially rectangular, flat outer shape.
- the first front panel 114a is removably attached to a lower part of the front opening of the housing 111.
- the first front panel 114a is provided with the air inlet 112.
- the second front panel 114b is disposed above and adjacent to the first front panel 114a, and is removably attached to the central part of the front opening of the housing 111 in the vertical direction.
- the second front panel 114b is provided with the operating unit 26.
- the third front panel 114c is disposed above and adjacent to the second front panel 114b, and is removably attached to an upper part of the front opening of the housing 111.
- the third front panel 114c is provided with the air outlet 113.
- the internal space of the housing 111 is roughly divided into a lower space 115a serving as an air-sending part, and an upper space 115b located above the lower space 115a and serving as a heat-exchanging part.
- the lower space 115a and the upper space 115b are partitioned off by a partition unit 20.
- the partition unit 20 has the shape of, for example, a flat plate, whose surface is oriented substantially horizontally.
- the partition unit 20 is provided with at least an air passage opening 20a serving as an air passage between the lower space 115a and the upper space 115b.
- the lower space 115a is exposed to the front side when the first front panel 114a is detached from the housing 111.
- the upper space 115b is exposed to the front side when the second front panel 114b and the third front panel 114c are detached from the housing 111.
- the partition unit 20 is arranged at substantially the same height as that of the upper end of the first front panel 114a or the lower end of the second front panel 114b.
- the partition unit 20 may be formed integrally with a fan casing 108 described later, may be formed integrally with a drain pan described later, or may be formed as a component separate from the fan casing 108 and the drain pan.
- the indoor fan 7f is provided in the lower space 115a to generate, in an air passage 81 in the housing 111, a flow of air that travels toward the air outlet 113 from the air inlet 112.
- the indoor fan 7f is a sirocco fan including a motor (not shown), and an impeller 107 connected to the output shaft of the motor and having a plurality of blades arranged circumferentially at equal intervals, for example.
- the impeller 107 is arranged such that its rotation axis is substantially parallel to the direction of the depth of the housing 111.
- the motor used for the indoor fan 7f is a non-brush type motor, for example, an induction motor or a DC brushless motor. This configuration ensures that the rotation of the indoor fan 7f causes no sparking.
- the impeller 107 of the indoor fan 7f is covered by the fan casing 108 having a spiral shape.
- the fan casing 108 is formed as a component separate from, for example, the housing 111.
- An air inlet opening 108b for sucking the indoor air into the fan casing 108 through the air inlet 112 is located in the vicinity of the center of the spiral of the fan casing 108.
- the air inlet opening 108b is located opposite to the air inlet 112.
- an air outlet opening 108a for blowing out the air to be sent is located in the tangential direction of the spiral of the fan casing 108.
- the air outlet opening 108a is directed upward, and is connected to the upper space 115b via the air passage opening 20a of the partition unit 20.
- the air outlet opening 108a communicates to the upper space 115b via the air passage opening 20a.
- the open end of the air outlet opening 108a and the open end of the air passage opening 20a may be directly connected to each other, or may be indirectly connected to each other via a component, for example, a duct member.
- a microcomputer constructing, for example, the controller 30, and an electrical component box 25 for accommodating components such as various electrical components and a board are provided in the lower space 115a.
- the upper space 115b is located downstream of the lower space 115a with respect to the flow of air generated by the indoor fan 7f.
- the indoor heat exchanger 7 is provided in the air passage 81 in the upper space 115b.
- a drain pan (not shown) is arranged below the indoor heat exchanger 7 to receive condensed water that has condensed on the surface of the indoor heat exchanger 7.
- the drain pan may be formed as a part of the partition unit 20, or may be formed as a component separate from the partition unit 20 and disposed on the partition unit 20.
- indoor air is sucked in through the air inlet 112.
- the sucked indoor air passes through the indoor heat exchanger 7 and turns into conditioned air, which is blown out into the indoor space from the air outlet 113.
- the indoor heat exchanger 7 is a plate fin-tube heat exchanger including a plurality of fins arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes penetrating the plurality of fins and in which refrigerant is circulated.
- the heat transfer tubes each include a plurality of hairpin tubes with a long straight tube portion penetrating the plurality of fins, and a plurality of U-bent tubes that allow adjacent hairpin tubes to communicate to each other.
- the hairpin tube and the U-bent tube are joined by a brazed portion.
- the number of heat transfer tubes to be provided may be one, or more than one.
- the number of hairpin tubes constructing each single heat transfer tube may be also one or more than one.
- the heat exchanger two-phase pipe temperature sensor 93 is provided to a U-bent tube located in the middle portion of the refrigerant path of the heat transfer tube.
- the indoor pipe 9a on the gas side is connected to a header main pipe having a cylindrical shape.
- the header main pipe is connected to a plurality of header branch pipes that branch off from the main header pipe.
- Each of the header branch pipes is connected to one end portion of the corresponding heat transfer tube.
- the indoor pipe 9b on the liquid side is connected to a plurality of indoor refrigerant branch pipes that branch off from the indoor pipe 9b.
- Each of the indoor refrigerant branch pipes is connected to the other end portion of the corresponding heat transfer tube.
- the heat exchanger liquid pipe temperature sensor 92 is provided to the indoor pipe 9b.
- the indoor pipe 9a and the header main pipe, the header main pipe and the header branch pipe, the header branch pipe and the heat transfer tube, the indoor pipe 9b and the indoor refrigerant branch pipe, and the indoor refrigerant branch pipe and the heat transfer tube are each joined by a brazed portion.
- Fig. 5 is a front view for schematically illustrating the configuration of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b each provided to the corresponding one of the indoor pipes 9a and 9b serving as refrigerant pipes of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the configuration of components in the vicinity of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b.
- the indoor pipes 9a and 9b leading to the indoor heat exchanger 7 are extended downward through the partition unit 20 from the upper space 115b to the lower space 115a.
- the joint portion 15a that connects the indoor pipe 9a to the extension pipe 10a and the joint portion 15b that connects the indoor pipe 9b to the extension pipe 10b are provided in the lower space 115a.
- the temperature sensors 94a and 94b used for refrigerant leakage detection are provided in the lower space 115a separately from the suction air temperature sensor 91.
- the temperature sensor 94a is provided to the indoor pipe 9a, which is a refrigerant pipe through which refrigerant flows in the heating operation at a temperature higher than that in the defrosting operation.
- the temperature sensor 94a is provided to the indoor pipe 9a located in the vicinity of the inlet of the indoor heat exchanger 7, and is provided in an area adjacent to the joint portion 15a on the indoor pipe 9a while in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the indoor pipe 9a.
- the temperature sensor 94a is disposed, for example, above and in the vicinity of the joint portion 15a.
- the temperature sensor 94b is provided to the indoor pipe 9b, which is a refrigerant pipe through which refrigerant flows in the heating operation at a temperature higher than that in the defrosting operation.
- the temperature sensor 94b is provided to the indoor pipe 9b located in the vicinity of the outlet of the indoor heat exchanger 7, and is provided in an area adjacent to the joint portion 15b on the indoor pipe 9b while in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the indoor pipe 9b.
- the temperature sensor 94b is disposed, for example, above and in the vicinity of the joint portion 15b.
- the temperature sensor 94a and 94b are respectively provided in areas adjacent to the seams in which the joint portions 15a and 15b that connect the indoor pipes 9a and 9b to the extension pipes 10a and 10b, respectively, are located.
- each of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b may be provided in areas each adjacent to the seam in which a joint between two refrigerant pipes, that is, the extension pipe 10a and the indoor pipe 9a, or the extension pipe 10b and the indoor pipe 9b, which are joined together by brazing, welding, or other processing, is located.
- the temperature sensors 94a and 94b are each mounted to a predetermined location by the manufacturer of the air-conditioning apparatus in the manufacturing stage of the indoor unit 1.
- the wires connecting the temperature sensor 94a and 94b to the electrical component box 25 are mounted to the indoor pipes 9a and 9b with clamping bands, respectively, while allowing slack in the indoor pipes 9a and 9b by the manufacturer of the air-conditioning apparatus in the manufacturing stage of the indoor unit 1.
- each of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b can be positioned in advance in the indoor unit 1 that is in its pre-installation state.
- This configuration eliminates the need for positioning the temperature sensors 94a and 94b at the time of installation of the indoor unit 1 when the indoor pipes 9a and 9b and the extension pipes 10a and 10b are connected, respectively, which in turn improves working efficiency and eliminates variations in the positioning of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b or errors in installation.
- the portions of the extension pipes 10a and 10b below the joint portions 15a and 15b are covered by a heat insulating material 82b to prevent condensation from being formed.
- Two extension pipes 10a and 10b are collectively covered by the single heat insulating material 82b, but each of the extension pipes 10a and 10b may be covered by a different heat insulating material.
- the extension pipes 10a and 10b are prepared by an installation operator who installs the air-conditioning apparatus 100.
- the heat insulating material 82b may be already attached at the time of purchase of the extension pipes 10a and 10b.
- the installation operator may prepare the extension pipes 10a and 10b and the heat insulating material 82b separately, and may attach the heat insulating material 82b to the extension pipes 10a and 10b at the time of installation of the air-conditioning apparatus.
- the areas on the indoor pipe 9a and 9b in the vicinity of the joint portions 15a and 15b, which include the locations in which the temperature sensors 94a and 94b are arranged, the areas on the extension pipes 10a and 10b in the vicinity of the joint portions 15a and 15b, and the joint portions 15a and 15b are covered by a heat insulating material 82a different from the heat insulating material 82b to prevent condensation from being formed. That is, the temperature sensors 94a and 94b are covered by the heat insulating material 82a identical to the heat insulating material that covers the seam in the refrigerant pipe.
- the heat insulating material 82a is attached by the installation operator during installation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100, after the extension pipes 10a and 10b are connected to the indoor pipes 9a and 9b, respectively.
- the heat insulating material 82a is often packaged together with the indoor unit 1 that is in a shipping state.
- the heat insulating material 82a has a shape of, for example, a cylinder tube split by a plane including the tube axis.
- the heat insulating material 82a is wrapped to cover an end portion of the heat insulating material 82b from the outside, and attached by using a band 83.
- the heat insulating material 82a is in close contact with those refrigerant pipes, and thus only a minute gap is present between the outer surface of each refrigerant pipe and the inner surface of the heat insulating material 82a.
- the temperature sensors 94a and 94b only needs to be covered by a heat insulating material together with the seam in the refrigerant pipe. Consequently, the temperature sensors 94a and 94b may not necessarily be covered by a heat insulating material identical to the heat insulating material that covers the seam in the refrigerant pipe.
- refrigerant is likely to leak at the location of a seam such as the joint portions 15a and 15b in which refrigerant pipes are joined together.
- refrigerant that leaks to atmospheric pressure from the refrigerant circuit 40 undergoes adiabatic expansion and turns into a gas, which is dispersed into the atmosphere.
- the refrigerant removes heat from the surrounding air or other media.
- the joint portions 15a and 15b in which refrigerant is likely to leak is covered by the heat insulating material 82a. Consequently, when refrigerant undergoes adiabatic expansion and turns into a gas, the refrigerant is not able to remove heat from the air outside the heat insulating material 82a.
- the heat insulating material 82a has a small heat capacity, and hence the refrigerant is not able to remove almost any heat from the heat insulating material 82a as well.
- the leaking refrigerant removes heat mainly from the refrigerant pipe. At this time, the refrigerant pipe itself is heat-insulated with the heat insulating material from the air outside.
- the temperature of the refrigerant pipe decreases corresponding to the amount of heat lost to the refrigerant, and the refrigerant pipe is maintained at the decreased temperature.
- the temperature of the refrigerant pipe in the vicinity of the leakage site drops to a cryogenic temperature approximately equal to the boiling point of the refrigerant (for example, approximately -29 degrees C for HFO-1234yf), with the temperature of the refrigerant pipe dropping successively also at sites remote from the leakage site.
- the refrigerant that has undergone adiabatic expansion and turned into a gas can hardly disperse into the air outside the heat insulating material 82a, and accumulates in the minute gap between the refrigerant pipe and the heat insulating material 82a. Then, when the temperature of the refrigerant pipe drops to the boiling point of the refrigerant, the gas refrigerant accumulating in the minute gap condenses again on the outer surface of the refrigerant pipe.
- the leaked refrigerant that has turned into a liquid through the re-condensation travels along the outer surface of the refrigerant pipe and the inner surface of the heat insulating material to disperse in the minute gap between the refrigerant pipe and the heat insulating material not only in the direction of gravity but also upward, that is, in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity.
- the gap between the outer surface of each of the indoor pipes 9a and 9b and the inner surface of the heat insulating material 82a is minute.
- the refrigerant at a cryogenic temperature that has turned into a liquid through the re-condensation in the vicinity of each of the joint portions 15a and 15b travels not only downward but also upward and sideways due to capillary action. Consequently, even when the temperature sensors 94a and 94b are provided to the indoor pipes 9a and 9b above the joint portions 15a and 15b, respectively, the temperature sensors 94a and 94b come into direct contact with the refrigerant at a cryogenic temperature.
- each of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b measures the temperature of the liquid refrigerant at a cryogenic temperature that has infiltrated upward through the minute gap into direct contact with each of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b.
- the temperature sensors 94a and 94b measure the temperatures of the indoor pipes 9a and 9b, respectively, among the refrigerant pipes whose temperature has dropped to a cryogenic temperature.
- Each of the heat insulating materials 82a and 82b is preferably formed of, for example, closed-cell foamed resin such as foamed polyethylene. This configuration helps to keep the leaked refrigerant existing in the minute gap between the refrigerant pipe and the heat insulating material from passing through the heat insulating material and leaking out to the air outside the heat insulating material. This configuration also ensures that the resulting heat insulating material has a small heat capacity.
- Fig. 6 is a graph for showing an example of how the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 94b changes with time when refrigerant is caused to leak from the joint portion 15b in the indoor unit 1 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis of the graph represents time elapsed [sec] since the start of refrigerant leakage, and the vertical axis represents temperature [degrees C].
- Fig. 6 both changes in temperature with time at a leakage rate of 1 kg/h, and changes in temperature with time at a leakage rate of 10 kg/h are shown.
- HFO-1234yf is used as the refrigerant.
- the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 94b begins to drop immediately after the start of leakage.
- the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 94b sharply drops to the boiling point of HFO-1234yf, which is approximately -29 degrees C. Subsequently, the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 94b is maintained at approximately -29 degrees C.
- the refrigerant leakage site is covered by a heat insulating material as described above, and hence a temperature drop due to refrigerant leakage can be detected with no delay.
- a heat insulating material Through covering of the refrigerant leakage site with a heat insulating material, it is possible to detect the temperature drop due to refrigerant leakage with good responsiveness, even when the refrigerant leaks at a relatively low rate of 1 kg/h.
- the refrigerant leakage detection processing be repeatedly executed at predetermined time intervals only when, for example, power is supplied to the air-conditioning apparatus 100, that is, when a breaker configured to supply power to the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is activated and the indoor fan 7f is in a stopped condition. While the indoor fan 7f is running, indoor air is stirred, and thus even when refrigerant leaks, the refrigerant is dispersed to prevent localized areas of elevated refrigerant concentration.
- the refrigerant leakage detection processing may be executed also when the breaker is deactivated.
- the refrigerant leakage detection processing may be executed irrespective of the operational state of the compressor 3. That is, the refrigerant leakage detection processing using the temperature sensors 94a and 94b may be executed both when the compressor 3 is in a stopped condition and when the compressor 3 is running. Alternatively, the refrigerant leakage detection processing may be executed only when the compressor 3 is in a stopped condition or only when the compressor 3 is running.
- Fig. 7 is a flowchart for illustrating an example of refrigerant leakage detection permission-denial processing executed by the controller 30 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the refrigerant leakage detection permission-denial processing is repeatedly executed at predetermined time intervals.
- Step S71 in Fig. 7 the controller 30 determines whether or not the indoor fan 7f is in a stopped condition.
- the processing proceeds to Step S73.
- the processing proceeds to Step S72, in which the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is stopped, and the refrigerant leakage detection processing is not allowed to be executed.
- Step S73 the controller 30 determines whether or not a defrosting signal S1 has been recognized.
- the defrosting signal S1 is issued when the following condition, for example, is met during the heating operation as a condition for starting the defrosting operation, the outdoor temperature is equal to or lower than a preset temperature, a predetermined time has elapsed since the activation of the compressor 3, and the temperature measured by the heat exchanger liquid pipe temperature sensor 92 has continued to be equal to or lower than a preset temperature for a predetermined period of time.
- the controller 30 starts the defrosting operation when the controller 30 recognizes the defrosting signal S1.
- Step S74 the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is permitted and the refrigerant leakage detection processing is executed.
- Step S75 the processing proceeds to Step S75.
- Step S75 the controller 30 determines whether or not a defrosting end signal S2 has been recognized.
- the defrosting end signal S2 is issued when the following condition, for example, is met during the defrosting operation, which is performed in the middle of the heating operation and is started when the defrosting signal S1 is recognized, as a condition for ending the defrosting operation, a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the defrosting operation, or the temperature measured by the heat exchanger liquid pipe temperature sensor 92 has continued to be equal to or higher than a preset temperature for a predetermined period of time.
- the controller 30 recognizes the defrosting end signal S2
- the controller 30 ends the defrosting operation and returns to the heating operation.
- Step S74 the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is permitted and the refrigerant leakage detection processing is executed.
- Step S72 the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is stopped, and the refrigerant leakage detection processing is not allowed to be executed.
- Fig. 8 is a time chart for illustrating an example of timing when refrigerant leakage detection is permitted or denied by the controller 30 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the controller 30 determines the duration of the defrosting operation, for which the controller 30 stops the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage, as the interval of time between recognition of the defrosting signal S1 and recognition of the defrosting end signal S2.
- the controller 30 When the controller 30 recognizes the defrosting signal S1, the controller 30 lowers the frequency of the compressor 3 so that the refrigerant flow switching device 4 is switched from the heating operation side to the defrosting operation side similar to the cooling operation side. Subsequently, the controller 30 raises the frequency of the compressor 3 for a predetermined period of time. Then, the outdoor heat exchanger 5 is defrosted. Subsequently, the controller 30 stops the compressor 3, and keeps that state for a predetermined period of time. This configuration allows the refrigerant to stabilize. The indoor fan 7f is in a stopped condition during this processing. Then, the controller 30 recognizes the defrosting end signal S2, and switches the refrigerant flow switching device 4 to the heating operation side so that frequency of the compressor 3 is gradually raised to resume the heating operation.
- Fig. 9 is a flowchart for illustrating an example of refrigerant leakage detection processing executed by the controller 30 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the refrigerant leakage detection processing is repeatedly executed at predetermined time intervals while the refrigerant leakage detection is permitted by the refrigerant leakage detection permission-denial processing.
- Embodiment 1 refrigerant leakage detection processing procedures using the respective temperature sensors 94a and 94b are executed in parallel. The following description is only directed to the refrigerant leakage detection processing executed by using the temperature sensor 94b.
- Step S91 of Fig. 9 the controller 30 acquires information on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 94b.
- Step S92 the controller 30 determines whether or not the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 94b is lower than a preset threshold temperature, for example, -10 degrees C. When the measured temperature is lower than the threshold temperature, the processing proceeds to Step S93. When the measured temperature is equal to or higher than the threshold temperature, the refrigerant leakage detection processing is ended.
- a preset threshold temperature for example, -10 degrees C.
- Step S93 the controller 30 determines that refrigerant has leaked. In this case, the processing proceeds to Step S94.
- Step S94 the controller 30 performs a refrigerant-leakage-situation operation, which is an operation to be performed when refrigerant has leaked.
- the controller 30 may set the system status of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 to "Abnormal", and may not permit components other than the indoor fan 7f to operate.
- the controller 30 may inform the user of the abnormal condition with use of a display or audio output unit, which is an informing unit provided in the operating unit 26. For example, the controller 30 causes an instruction such as "Gas has leaked. Open the window" to be displayed on the display provided in the operating unit 26. As a result, the user is able to immediately recognize that refrigerant has leaked, and that a measure such as ventilation should be taken. This operation ensures that localized areas of elevated refrigerant concentration can be prevented with greater reliability.
- the above-mentioned configuration enables refrigerant leakage to be detected reliably and with good responsiveness over an extended period of time.
- the above-mentioned configuration also enables the number of temperature sensors to be reduced, thus allowing for reduced manufacturing cost of the air-conditioning apparatus 100.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes the refrigerant circuit 40 in which the compressor 3, the indoor heat exchanger 7, the pressure reducing device 6, the outdoor heat exchanger 5, and the refrigerant flow switching device 4 configured to switch operation to the heating operation or the defrosting operation are connected by the refrigerant pipe to circulate refrigerant.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes the indoor fan 7f configured to supply air to the indoor heat exchanger 7.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes the temperature sensors 94a and 94b, which are each located in the vicinity of the outlet or inlet of the indoor heat exchanger 7 in the refrigerant circuit 40, and which are disposed in areas adjacent to seams in the refrigerant pipe in which the joint portions 15a and 15b is located, respectively.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes the controller 30 configured to determine the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the temperature measured by one of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b.
- the controller 30 is configured to determine the presence of refrigerant leakage while the indoor fan 7f is stopped.
- the controller 30 is configured to stop the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage while the defrosting operation is performed.
- the controller 30 determines the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the temperature measured by one of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b. That is, the controller 30 can perform the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage when the refrigerant that has leaked from a seam in the refrigerant pipe is not dispersed by the air-sending operation of the indoor fan 7f and thus the concentration of the leaked refrigerant increases to cause a decrease in the temperature of the surroundings of the refrigerant.
- the controller 30 stops the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage. This configuration prevents false detection of refrigerant leakage from being made when the temperature of the refrigerant pipe is low.
- the controller 30 is configured to determine the duration of the defrosting operation, for which the controller 30 stops the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage, as the interval of time between recognition of the defrosting signal S1 and recognition of the defrosting end signal S2.
- the duration of the defrosting operation for which the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is stopped, can be determined as the interval of time between recognition of the defrosting signal S1 and recognition of the defrosting end signal S2. This configuration simplifies the control.
- the temperature sensors 94a and 94b are covered by the heat insulating material 82a, together with the seam in the refrigerant pipe.
- This configuration ensures that the refrigerant that has leaked from the seam in the refrigerant pipe is dispersed in the space between the outer surface of the refrigerant pipe and the inner surface of the heat insulating material 82a.
- the leaked low-temperature refrigerant directly reaches each of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b at an early point.
- each of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b measures not the temperature of the refrigerant pipe but the temperature of the leaked low-temperature refrigerant. This configuration enables early detection of refrigerant leakage.
- the temperature sensors 94a and 94b are covered by the heat insulating material 82a identical to the heat insulating material that covers the seam in the refrigerant pipe.
- the refrigerant that has leaked from the seam in the refrigerant pipe is dispersed in the space between the outer surface of the refrigerant pipe and the inner surface of the heat insulating material 82a leading to the temperature sensors 94a and 94b, without any leakages during this dispersion process.
- This configuration ensures that the leaked low-temperature refrigerant readily reaches the temperature sensors 94a and 94b directly at an early point.
- each of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b measures not the temperature of the refrigerant pipe but the temperature of the leaked low-temperature refrigerant. This configuration enables earlier detection of refrigerant leakage.
- the refrigerant pipe includes the indoor pipe 9a and 9b arranged in the indoor unit 1, and the extension pipes 10a and 10b extended downward from the indoor pipe 9a and 9b via the seams, respectively.
- the temperature sensors 94a and 94b are provided to the indoor pipes 9a and 9b located above the seams in the refrigerant pipes, respectively.
- This configuration allows the temperature sensors 94a and 94b to be positioned in advance in the indoor unit 1 that is in its pre-installation state. This configuration eliminates the need for positioning the temperature sensors 94a and 94b at the time of installation of the indoor unit 1 when the refrigerant pipe is connected, which in turn improves working efficiency and eliminates variations in the positioning of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b or errors in installation.
- the temperature sensors 94a and 94b are provided to the indoor pipes 9a and 9b located above the seams in the refrigerant pipes, respectively, the temperature sensors 94a and 94b are covered by the heat insulating material 82a, together with the seam in the refrigerant pipe.
- the refrigerant that has leaked from the seam in the refrigerant pipe is dispersed in the space between the outer surface of the refrigerant pipe and the inner surface of the heat insulating material 82a also in a direction opposite to the direction of gravity.
- This configuration ensures that the leaked low-temperature refrigerant reaches the temperature sensors 94a and 94b each located above the seam at an early point.
- each of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b measures not the temperature of the refrigerant pipe but the temperature of the leaked low-temperature refrigerant. This configuration enables early detection of refrigerant leakage.
- the refrigerant leakage detection method includes measuring, in the refrigerant circuit 40 in which refrigerant is circulated to perform the heating operation, in which air is supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 7 with use of the indoor fan 7f, or the defrosting operation, the temperature of an area in the vicinity of a seam in the refrigerant pipe in which one of the joint portions 15a and 15b is located.
- the refrigerant leakage detection method while the indoor fan 7f is stopped, the presence of refrigerant leakage is determined on the basis of a decrease in measured temperature.
- the refrigerant leakage detection method while the defrosting operation is performed, the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage based on a decrease in measured temperature is stopped.
- the controller 30 determines the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the temperature measured by one of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b. That is, the controller 30 can perform the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage when the refrigerant that has leaked from a seam in the refrigerant pipe is not dispersed by the air-sending operation of the indoor fan 7f and thus the concentration of the leaked refrigerant increases to cause a decrease in the temperature of the surroundings of the refrigerant.
- the controller 30 stops the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage. This configuration prevents false detection of refrigerant leakage from being made when the temperature of the refrigerant pipe is low.
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention outdoor refrigerant temperature is measured by the outdoor pipe temperature sensor 90 arranged in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 of the outdoor unit 2, and when the outdoor refrigerant temperature is higher than the temperature measured by one of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b used to determine the presence of refrigerant leakage, the refrigerant leakage detection processing is executed even during the defrosting operation.
- the outdoor pipe temperature sensor 90 arranged in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 of the outdoor unit 2
- the refrigerant leakage detection processing is executed even during the defrosting operation.
- Fig. 10 is a flowchart for illustrating an example of refrigerant leakage detection permission-denial processing executed by a controller of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The following description focuses only on features different from those of the flowchart illustrated in Fig. 7 .
- Step S75 the controller 30 determines whether or not a defrosting end signal S2 has been recognized.
- the defrosting end signal S2 is issued when the following condition, for example, is met during the defrosting operation, which is performed in the middle of the heating operation, as a condition for ending the defrosting operation, a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the defrosting operation, or the temperature measured by the heat exchanger liquid pipe temperature sensor 92 has continued to be equal to or higher than a preset temperature for a predetermined period of time.
- the controller 30 recognizes the defrosting end signal S2
- the controller 30 ends the defrosting operation and returns to the heating operation.
- Step S74 the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is permitted and the refrigerant leakage detection processing is executed.
- Step S76 the processing proceeds to Step S76.
- Step S76 the controller 30 determines whether or not the outdoor refrigerant temperature measured by the outdoor pipe temperature sensor 90 arranged in the outdoor heat exchanger 5 of the outdoor unit 2 is higher than the temperature measured by one of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b.
- the processing proceeds to Step S74, in which the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is permitted and the refrigerant leakage detection processing is executed.
- Step S72 the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is stopped, and the refrigerant leakage detection processing is not allowed to be executed.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes the refrigerant circuit 40 in which the compressor 3, the indoor heat exchanger 7, the pressure reducing device 6, the outdoor heat exchanger 5, and the refrigerant flow switching device 4 configured to switch operation to the heating operation or the defrosting operation are connected by the refrigerant pipe to circulate refrigerant.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes the outdoor pipe temperature sensor 90 to measure outdoor refrigerant temperature.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes the temperature sensor 94a and 94b each located in the vicinity of the outlet or inlet of the indoor heat exchanger 7 in the refrigerant circuit 40, and provided in areas adjacent to seams in the refrigerant pipe in which the joint portions 15a are 15b are located, respectively.
- the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes the controller 30 configured to determine the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the temperature measured by one of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b.
- the controller 30 determines the presence of refrigerant leakage while the defrosting operation is performed.
- the controller 30 stops the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage while the defrosting operation is performed.
- the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is performed when the outdoor refrigerant temperature is higher than the temperature measured by one of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b, and the temperature of the refrigerant pipe is not so low as to cause false detection of refrigerant leakage.
- the length of time during which the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage can be performed is extended to include a part of the duration of the defrosting operation, thus enabling early detection of refrigerant leakage.
- the refrigerant leakage detection method includes measuring, in the refrigerant circuit in which refrigerant is circulated to perform the heating operation or the defrosting operation, the outdoor refrigerant temperature and the temperature of an area in the vicinity of a seam in the refrigerant pipe in which one of the joint portions 15a and 15b is located.
- the refrigerant leak detection method also includes determining, when the outdoor refrigerant temperature is higher than the temperature of the area in the vicinity of the seam in the refrigerant pipe in which one of the joint portions 15a and 15b is located, the presence of refrigerant leakage while the defrosting operation is performed, on the basis of a decrease in the temperature of the area in the vicinity of the seam in the refrigerant pipe in which one of the joint portions 15a and 15b is located.
- the refrigerant leak detection method further includes stopping, when the outdoor refrigerant temperature is equal to or lower than the temperature of the area in the vicinity of the seam in the refrigerant pipe in which one of the joint portions 15a and 15b is located, while the defrost operation is performed, the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the temperature of the area in the vicinity of the seam in the refrigerant pipe in which one of the joint portions 15a and 15b is located.
- the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is performed when the outdoor refrigerant temperature is higher than the temperature measured by one of the temperature sensors 94a and 94b, and the temperature of the refrigerant pipe is not so low as to cause false detection of refrigerant leakage.
- the length of time during which the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage can be performed is extended to include a part of the duration of the defrosting operation, thus enabling early detection of refrigerant leakage.
- the indoor unit 1 is of a floor type
- the present invention is also applicable to indoor units of other types such as a ceiling cassette type, a ceiling concealed type, a ceiling suspended type, and a wall type.
- the temperature sensor used for refrigerant leakage detection may be provided in the outdoor unit 2.
- the temperature sensor used for refrigerant leakage detection is provided in an area of a component, for example, the outdoor heat exchanger 5, that is in the vicinity of a seam in the refrigerant pipe, for example, a brazed portion, and is covered by a heat insulating material together with the brazed portion.
- the temperature sensor used for refrigerant leakage detection is provided in an area in the outdoor unit 2 that is in the vicinity of a seam in the refrigerant pipe, for example, a joint between refrigerant pipes, and is covered by a heat insulating material together with the joint.
- the controller 30 determines the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor used for refrigerant leakage detection. This configuration allows refrigerant leakage in the outdoor unit 2 to be detected reliably and with good responsiveness over an extended period of time.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an air-conditioning apparatus and a refrigerant leakage detection method, for determining whether or not refrigerant leakage is present with use of temperature sensors each provided in an area adjacent to a seam in a refrigerant pipe.
- Some refrigerants used in an air-conditioning apparatus have flammability. If refrigerant leaks and the concentration of the leaking refrigerant exceeds a predetermined lower flammable limit, the refrigerant is caused to be ignited.
- Consequently, there is known a technology of detecting refrigerant leakage by providing a temperature sensor and utilizing the principle that refrigerant drops in temperature when leaked and released to the atmosphere (see, for example, Patent Literature 1).
- Areas prone to refrigerant leakage from the indoor unit of an air-conditioning apparatus are flared connections in which pipes are machined or connected on the installation site. Consequently, there is known a technology in which a temperature sensor is arranged in the vicinity of such a flared connection to detect refrigerant leakage (see, for example, Patent Literature 2).
- If the temperature sensor configured to detect a decrease in temperature at a time of refrigerant leakage is arranged in an area, inside the indoor unit, where refrigerant is liable to leak, the problem may be caused in that, when an ambient temperature largely changes, this change may be falsely detected by a controller as refrigerant leakage on the basis of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor. Consequently, there is known a technology in which, while the compressor is stopped, the controller constantly calculates the difference between the temperature of the indoor heat exchanger, that is, the temperature of the leaking refrigerant, and the temperature of indoor air, and determines that refrigerant has leaked when this temperature difference has decreased at a predetermined rate or more (see, for example, Patent Literature 3).
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- Patent Literature 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2016-11767 - Patent Literature 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2015-230136 - Patent Literature 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No.
2000-81258 - In the related art, the controller is allowed to determine the presence of refrigerant leakage when the indoor fan is in a stopped condition, in which the concentration of the leaked refrigerant increases.
- The temperature sensor is arranged in a location susceptible to the influence of the temperature of refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant pipe. During, for example, defrosting operation, the indoor fan is not running when the controller determines whether or not refrigerant leakage is present, and thus the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe in the indoor unit is at a decreased temperature. Consequently, the controller may provide false detection of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the temperature measured by the temperature sensor.
- The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem, and thus it is an object of the present invention to provide an air-conditioning apparatus and a refrigerant leakage detection method, which are capable of preventing false detection of refrigerant leakage when the temperature of a refrigerant pipe is low.
- According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an air-conditioning apparatus including a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion device, an outdoor heat exchanger, and a switching device configured to switch operation to a heating operation or a defrosting operation are connected by a refrigerant pipe to circulate refrigerant, an indoor fan configured to supply air to the indoor heat exchanger, a temperature sensor located in a vicinity of at least one of an outlet and an inlet of the indoor heat exchanger in the refrigerant circuit, the temperature sensor being provided in an area adjacent to a seam in the refrigerant pipe, and a controller configured to determine the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the temperature measured by the temperature sensor, in which the controller is configured to determine the presence of refrigerant leakage during a period in which the indoor fan is stopped, and to stop the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage during a period in which the defrosting operation is performed.
- According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided refrigerant leakage detection method including measuring, in a refrigerant circuit in which refrigerant is circulated to perform a heating operation, in which air is supplied to an indoor heat exchanger with use of an indoor fan, or a defrosting operation, a temperature of an area in the vicinity of a seam in a refrigerant pipe, determining, during a period in which the indoor fan is stopped, the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the measured temperature, and stopping, during a period in which the defrosting operation is performed, the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of the decrease in the measured temperature.
- With the air-conditioning apparatus and the refrigerant leakage detection method according to one embodiment of the present invention, the controller determines the presence of refrigerant leakage during the period in which the indoor fan is stopped, and stops the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage during the period in which the defrosting operation is performed. This configuration prevents false detection of refrigerant leakage from being made when the temperature of the refrigerant pipe is low.
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Fig. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram for illustrating the schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Fig. 2 is a front view for illustrating the outer appearance of an indoor unit of the air-conditioning apparatus according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Fig. 3 is a front view for schematically illustrating the internal structure of the indoor unit of the air-conditioning apparatus according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Fig. 4 is a side view for schematically illustrating the internal structure of the indoor unit of the air-conditioning apparatus according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Fig. 5 is a front view for schematically illustrating the configuration of temperature sensors each provided to the corresponding refrigerant pipe of the air-conditioning apparatus according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention and the configuration of components in the vicinity of the temperature sensors. -
Fig. 6 is a graph for showing an example of how the temperature measured by a temperature sensor changes with time when refrigerant is caused to leak from a joint portion in the indoor unit of the air-conditioning apparatus according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Fig. 7 is a flowchart for illustrating an example of refrigerant leakage detection permission-denial processing executed by a controller of the air-conditioning apparatus according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Fig. 8 is a time chart for illustrating an example of timing when refrigerant leakage detection is permitted or denied by the controller of the air-conditioning apparatus according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Fig. 9 is a flowchart for illustrating an example of refrigerant leakage detection processing executed by the controller of the air-conditioning apparatus according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. -
Fig. 10 is a flowchart for illustrating an example of refrigerant leakage detection permission-denial processing executed by a controller of an air-conditioning apparatus according toEmbodiment 2 of the present invention. - Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings.
- In the drawings, the same reference signs are used to designate like or equivalent elements, and the same reference signs apply throughout this specification.
- Further, the modes of components described throughout this specification are merely examples, and the modes of components are not limited to those described.
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Fig. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram for illustrating the schematic configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus 100 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. In the drawings includingFig. 1 referred to below, features such as dimensional relationships and shapes of components may be different from the real ones in some cases. - As illustrated in
Fig. 1 , the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes arefrigerant circuit 40 in which refrigerant circulates. Therefrigerant circuit 40 includes the following components sequentially connected in a loop by a refrigerant pipe, acompressor 3, anindoor heat exchanger 7, apressure reducing device 6, anoutdoor heat exchanger 5, and a refrigerantflow switching device 4 configured to switch the operation to a cooling operation, a heating operation, or a defrosting operation. - The
pressure reducing device 6 corresponds to an expansion device of the present invention. The refrigerantflow switching device 4 corresponds to a switching device of the present invention. - The air-
conditioning apparatus 100 includes, as a heat source unit, anoutdoor unit 2 that is arranged outdoors, for example. The air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes, as a load unit, anindoor unit 1 that is arranged indoors, for example. Theindoor unit 1 and theoutdoor unit 2 are connected to each other byextension pipes - Examples of refrigerant that circulates in the
refrigerant circuit 40 include a mildly flammable refrigerant, for example, HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze, and a highly flammable refrigerant, for example, R290 or R1270. - Each of these refrigerants may be used as a single-component refrigerant, or may be used as a refrigerant mixture of two or more types of refrigerant. Refrigerants with levels of flammability equal to or higher than mild flammability (for example, 2L or higher in the ASHRAE-34 classification) are hereinafter sometimes referred to as "flammable refrigerants". A non-flammable refrigerant that has non-flammability (for example, "1" in the ASHRAE-34 classification), for example, R22 or R410A, may also be used as the refrigerant that circulates in the
refrigerant circuit 40. - These refrigerants have densities greater than that of air under atmospheric pressures, for example.
- The
compressor 3 is a fluid machine configured to compress a low-pressure refrigerant sucked into thecompressor 3, and discharges the compressed refrigerant as a high-pressure refrigerant. - The refrigerant
flow switching device 4 switches the direction of refrigerant flow in therefrigerant circuit 40 between the cooling operation and the heating operation. The refrigerantflow switching device 4 switches the direction of refrigerant flow in therefrigerant circuit 40 such that, in the defrosting operation, refrigerant flows in the same direction as that in the cooling operation. As the refrigerantflow switching device 4, for example, a four-way valve is used. - The
outdoor heat exchanger 5 acts as a radiator serving as, for example, a condenser, in the cooling operation, and acts as an evaporator in the heating operation. In theoutdoor heat exchanger 5, heat is exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in theoutdoor heat exchanger 5, and the outdoor air being supplied by an outdoor fan 5f described later. - The
pressure reducing device 6 reduces the pressure of a high-pressure refrigerant to turn the refrigerant into a low-pressure refrigerant. As thepressure reducing device 6, for example, an electronic expansion valve with an adjustable opening degree is used. - The
indoor heat exchanger 7 acts as an evaporator in the cooling operation, and acts as a radiator serving as, for example, a condenser, in the heating operation. In theindoor heat exchanger 7, heat is exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in theindoor heat exchanger 7, and the air being supplied by anindoor fan 7f described later. - The cooling operation refers to an operation in which a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is supplied to the
indoor heat exchanger 7. The heating operation refers to an operation in which a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is supplied to theindoor heat exchanger 7. The defrosting operation refers to an operation performed at some point during the heating operation to melt and remove frost formed on theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 of theoutdoor unit 2. - The
outdoor unit 2 accommodates thecompressor 3, the refrigerantflow switching device 4, theoutdoor heat exchanger 5, and thepressure reducing device 6. - The
outdoor unit 2 accommodates the outdoor fan 5f configured to supply outdoor air to theoutdoor heat exchanger 5. The outdoor fan 5f is arranged to be opposed to theoutdoor heat exchanger 5. When the outdoor fan 5f rotates, a flow of air passing through theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 is generated. As the outdoor fan 5f, for example, a propeller fan is used. The outdoor fan 5f is arranged, for example, downstream of theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 with respect to the flow of air generated by the outdoor fan 5f. - Refrigerant pipes arranged in the
outdoor unit 2 include a refrigerant pipe connecting an extension-pipe connection valve 13a and the refrigerantflow switching device 4 and serving as a gas-side refrigerant pipe in the cooling operation, a suction pipe 11 connected to the suction side of thecompressor 3, adischarge pipe 12 connected to the discharge side of thecompressor 3, a refrigerant pipe connecting the refrigerantflow switching device 4 and theoutdoor heat exchanger 5, a refrigerant pipe connecting theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 and thepressure reducing device 6, and a refrigerant pipe connecting an extension-pipe connection valve 13b and thepressure reducing device 6 and serving as a liquid-side refrigerant pipe in the cooling operation. - The extension-pipe connection valve 13a is formed by a two-way valve capable of being switched to be opened or closed. A joint portion 16a, for example, a flare joint, is mounted at one end of the extension-pipe connection valve 13a.
- The extension-pipe connection valve 13b is formed by a three-way valve capable of being switched to be opened or closed. A service port 14a, which is used during vacuuming performed prior to filling the
refrigerant circuit 40 with refrigerant, is mounted at one end of the extension-pipe connection valve 13b. A joint portion 16b, for example, a flare joint, is mounted at the other end of the extension-pipe connection valve 13b. - A high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant compressed by the
compressor 3 flows through thedischarge pipe 12 in each of the cooling operation, the heating operation, and the defrosting operation. - A low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant or two-phase refrigerant that has undergone evaporation flows through the suction pipe 11 in each of the cooling operation, the heating operation, and the defrosting operation.
- A service port 14b with flare joint, which is a low pressure-side service port, is connected to the suction pipe 11.
- A service port 14c with flare joint, which is a high pressure-side service port, is connected to the
discharge pipe 12. - The service ports 14b and 14c are used to connect a pressure gauge to measure operating pressure during a test run made at the time of installation or repair of the air-
conditioning apparatus 100. - The
outdoor unit 2 is provided with an outdoorpipe temperature sensor 90 configured to measure outdoor refrigerant temperature in theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 of theoutdoor unit 2. - The outdoor
pipe temperature sensor 90 outputs a detection signal to acontroller 30 configured to control the overall operation of the air-conditioning apparatus. - The
indoor unit 1 accommodates theindoor heat exchanger 7. - The
indoor unit 1 accommodates theindoor fan 7f configured to supply air to theindoor heat exchanger 7. When theindoor fan 7f rotates, a flow of air passing through theindoor heat exchanger 7 is generated. - Depending on the type of the
indoor unit 1, a centrifugal fan, for example, a sirocco fan or a turbo fan, a cross-flow fan, a mixed flow fan, or an axial fan, for example, a propeller fan, is used as theindoor fan 7f. - The
indoor fan 7f is arranged upstream of theindoor heat exchanger 7 with respect to the flow of air generated by theindoor fan 7f. However, the position of theindoor fan 7f is not limited to this configuration. Theindoor fan 7f may be arranged downstream of theindoor heat exchanger 7. - Among the refrigerant pipes of the
indoor unit 1, anindoor pipe 9a on the gas side is provided with ajoint portion 15a, for example, a flare joint, which is located at the connecting portion to theextension pipe 10a on the gas side to connect to theextension pipe 10a. - Further, among the refrigerant pipes of the
indoor unit 1, anindoor pipe 9b on the liquid side is provided with ajoint portion 15b, for example, a flare joint, which is located at the connecting portion to theextension pipe 10b on the liquid side to connect to theextension pipe 10b. - The
indoor unit 1 is provided with a suctionair temperature sensor 91 configured to measure the temperature of indoor air sucked in from the indoor space. - The
indoor unit 1 is provided with a heat exchanger liquidpipe temperature sensor 92 configured to measure the temperature of liquid refrigerant at the location of theindoor heat exchanger 7 that becomes the inlet during the cooling operation or the outlet during the heating operation. - The
indoor unit 1 is provided with a heat exchanger two-phasepipe temperature sensor 93 configured to detect evaporating temperature or condensing temperature, which is the temperature of two-phase refrigerant in theindoor heat exchanger 7. - Further, the
indoor unit 1 is provided withtemperature sensors - The
temperature sensors controller 30 configured to control the overall operation of the air-conditioning apparatus. - The
controller 30 has a microcomputer including components such as a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an input-output port, and a timer. Thecontroller 30 is capable of performing data communication with an operating unit 26 (seeFig. 2 ). The operatingunit 26 receives an operation made by the user, and outputs an operation signal based on the operation to thecontroller 30. - The
controller 30 controls, on the basis of an operation signal from the operatingunit 26 or detection signals from various sensors, the overall operation of the air-conditioning apparatus including operations of thecompressor 3, the refrigerantflow switching device 4, thepressure reducing device 6, the outdoor fan 5f, and theindoor fan 7f. - The
controller 30 may be provided inside the housing of theindoor unit 1, or may be provided inside the housing of theoutdoor unit 2. Thecontroller 30 may include an outdoor-unit control unit provided in theoutdoor unit 2, and an indoor-unit control unit provided in theindoor unit 1 and capable of performing data communication with the outdoor-unit control unit. - Next, operation of the
refrigerant circuit 40 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is described. - First, the cooling operation is described. In
Fig. 1 , the solid arrows indicate the flow of refrigerant in the cooling operation. Therefrigerant circuit 40 is configured such that, in the cooling operation, the flows of refrigerant are switched by the refrigerantflow switching device 4 as indicated by the solid arrows to direct a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant into theindoor heat exchanger 7. - A high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the
compressor 3 first enters theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 via the refrigerantflow switching device 4. In the cooling operation, theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 acts as a condenser. That is, in theoutdoor heat exchanger 5, heat is exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 and the outdoor air being supplied by the outdoor fan 5f, and the condensation heat of the refrigerant is rejected to the outdoor air. This operation causes the refrigerant entering theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 to condense into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters thepressure reducing device 6 in which its pressure is reduced, and the refrigerant turns into a low-pressure and two-phase refrigerant. The low-pressure and two-phase refrigerant enters theindoor heat exchanger 7 of theindoor unit 1 via theextension pipe 10b. In the cooling operation, theindoor heat exchanger 7 acts as an evaporator. That is, in theindoor heat exchanger 7, heat is exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in theindoor heat exchanger 7 and, for example, the indoor air being supplied by theindoor fan 7f, and the evaporation heat of the refrigerant is removed from the air. This operation causes the refrigerant - entering the
indoor heat exchanger 7 to evaporate into a low-pressure gas refrigerant or two-phase refrigerant. The air supplied by theindoor fan 7f is cooled when the refrigerant removes heat from the air. The low-pressure gas refrigerant or two-phase refrigerant evaporating in theindoor heat exchanger 7 is sucked into thecompressor 3 via theextension pipe 10a and the refrigerantflow switching device 4. The refrigerant sucked into thecompressor 3 is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant. The above-mentioned cycle is repeated in the cooling operation. - Next, the heating operation is described. In
Fig. 1 , the dotted arrows indicate the flow of refrigerant in the heating operation. Therefrigerant circuit 40 is configured such that, in the heating operation, the flows of refrigerant are switched by the refrigerantflow switching device 4 as indicated by the dotted arrows to direct a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant to flow into theindoor heat exchanger 7. In the heating operation, the refrigerant flows in a direction opposite to that in the cooling operation, and theindoor heat exchanger 7 acts as a condenser. That is, in theindoor heat exchanger 7, heat is exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in theindoor heat exchanger 7 and the air being supplied by theindoor fan 7f, and the condensation heat of the refrigerant is rejected to the air. The air supplied by theindoor fan 7f is thus heated when the refrigerant rejects heat to the air. - Next, the defrosting operation is described. When the heating operation is performed in low outdoor temperature conditions, frost is formed on the
outdoor heat exchanger 5. Frost formation on theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 leads to reduced heating capacity of the air-conditioning apparatus 100, which may prevent a target indoor temperature from being reached. Consequently, the defrosting operation is performed at some point during the heating operation to remove frost from theoutdoor heat exchanger 5. - In the defrosting operation, refrigerant flows in the direction indicated by the solid arrows in
Fig. 1 as in the cooling operation. A high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from thecompressor 3 first enters theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 via the refrigerantflow switching device 4. In the defrosting operation, theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 acts as a condenser. That is, in theoutdoor heat exchanger 5, heat is exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 and the outdoor air being supplied by the outdoor fan 5f, and the condensation heat of the refrigerant is rejected to the outdoor air. As a result, the frost formed on the surface of theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 is caused to melt. The refrigerant entering theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 condenses into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters thepressure reducing device 6 in which its pressure is reduced, and the refrigerant turns into a low-pressure and two-phase refrigerant. The low-pressure and two-phase refrigerant enters theindoor heat exchanger 7 of theindoor unit 1 via theextension pipe 10b. In the defrosting operation, the air-sending operation of theindoor fan 7f is stopped. In other words, in theindoor heat exchanger 7, heat is less likely to be exchanged between the refrigerant flowing in theindoor heat exchanger 7 and the air being supplied by theindoor fan 7f. With this operation, low-temperature air is prevented from being blown out from theindoor unit 1 during the defrosting operation, which is performed in the middle of the heating operation. The refrigerant entering theindoor heat exchanger 7 evaporates into a low-pressure gas refrigerant or two-phase refrigerant. The low-pressure gas refrigerant or two-phase refrigerant evaporating in theindoor heat exchanger 7 is sucked into thecompressor 3 via theextension pipe 10a and the refrigerantflow switching device 4. The refrigerant sucked into thecompressor 3 is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant. The above-mentioned cycle is repeated in the cooling operation. -
Fig. 2 is a front view for illustrating the outer appearance of theindoor unit 1 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention.Fig. 3 is a front view for schematically illustrating the internal structure of theindoor unit 1 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention.Fig. 4 is a side view for schematically illustrating the internal structure of theindoor unit 1 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. The left-hand side inFig. 4 indicates the side toward the indoor space corresponding to the front side of theindoor unit 1. -
Embodiment 1 employs, as an example of theindoor unit 1, theindoor unit 1 of a floor type arranged on the floor surface of the indoor space that is an air-conditioned space. As a general rule, the positional relationships of components, for example, their vertical arrangement, in the following description are those obtained when theindoor unit 1 is arranged in its ready-to-use position. - As illustrated in
Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 , theindoor unit 1 includes ahousing 111 having a vertically elongated rectangular parallelepiped shape. - An
air inlet 112 for sucking indoor air is located in a lower part of the front surface of thehousing 111. Theair inlet 112 is located at a position below the central part of thehousing 111 in a vertical direction of thehousing 111 and close to the floor surface. - An
air outlet 113 for blowing out the air sucked in through theair inlet 112 is located in an upper part of the front surface of thehousing 111, that is, at a position higher than theair inlet 112, for example, at a position above the central part of thehousing 111 in the vertical direction. - The operating
unit 26 is disposed on the front surface of thehousing 111 at a position above theair inlet 112 and below theair outlet 113. The operatingunit 26 is connected to thecontroller 30 via a communication line, and is capable of performing data communication with thecontroller 30. The operatingunit 26 is operated by the user to perform operations such as starting and ending the operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100, switching of operation modes, and setting of a preset temperature and a preset air flow rate. The operatingunit 26 is provided with a display, an audio output unit, or other components as an informing unit configured to provide information to the user. - The
housing 111 is a hollow box. The front surface of thehousing 111 is provided with a front opening. Thehousing 111 includes a firstfront panel 114a, a secondfront panel 114b, and a thirdfront panel 114c that are removably attached to the front opening. Each of the firstfront panel 114a, the secondfront panel 114b, and the thirdfront panel 114c has a substantially rectangular, flat outer shape. - The first
front panel 114a is removably attached to a lower part of the front opening of thehousing 111. The firstfront panel 114a is provided with theair inlet 112. - The second
front panel 114b is disposed above and adjacent to the firstfront panel 114a, and is removably attached to the central part of the front opening of thehousing 111 in the vertical direction. The secondfront panel 114b is provided with the operatingunit 26. - The third
front panel 114c is disposed above and adjacent to the secondfront panel 114b, and is removably attached to an upper part of the front opening of thehousing 111. The thirdfront panel 114c is provided with theair outlet 113. - The internal space of the
housing 111 is roughly divided into alower space 115a serving as an air-sending part, and anupper space 115b located above thelower space 115a and serving as a heat-exchanging part. - The
lower space 115a and theupper space 115b are partitioned off by apartition unit 20. Thepartition unit 20 has the shape of, for example, a flat plate, whose surface is oriented substantially horizontally. Thepartition unit 20 is provided with at least anair passage opening 20a serving as an air passage between thelower space 115a and theupper space 115b. - The
lower space 115a is exposed to the front side when the firstfront panel 114a is detached from thehousing 111. - The
upper space 115b is exposed to the front side when the secondfront panel 114b and the thirdfront panel 114c are detached from thehousing 111. - The
partition unit 20 is arranged at substantially the same height as that of the upper end of the firstfront panel 114a or the lower end of the secondfront panel 114b. Thepartition unit 20 may be formed integrally with afan casing 108 described later, may be formed integrally with a drain pan described later, or may be formed as a component separate from thefan casing 108 and the drain pan. - The
indoor fan 7f is provided in thelower space 115a to generate, in anair passage 81 in thehousing 111, a flow of air that travels toward theair outlet 113 from theair inlet 112. Theindoor fan 7f is a sirocco fan including a motor (not shown), and animpeller 107 connected to the output shaft of the motor and having a plurality of blades arranged circumferentially at equal intervals, for example. Theimpeller 107 is arranged such that its rotation axis is substantially parallel to the direction of the depth of thehousing 111. The motor used for theindoor fan 7f is a non-brush type motor, for example, an induction motor or a DC brushless motor. This configuration ensures that the rotation of theindoor fan 7f causes no sparking. - The
impeller 107 of theindoor fan 7f is covered by thefan casing 108 having a spiral shape. Thefan casing 108 is formed as a component separate from, for example, thehousing 111. Anair inlet opening 108b for sucking the indoor air into thefan casing 108 through theair inlet 112 is located in the vicinity of the center of the spiral of thefan casing 108. Theair inlet opening 108b is located opposite to theair inlet 112. Further, anair outlet opening 108a for blowing out the air to be sent is located in the tangential direction of the spiral of thefan casing 108. Theair outlet opening 108a is directed upward, and is connected to theupper space 115b via the air passage opening 20a of thepartition unit 20. In other words, theair outlet opening 108a communicates to theupper space 115b via theair passage opening 20a. The open end of theair outlet opening 108a and the open end of theair passage opening 20a may be directly connected to each other, or may be indirectly connected to each other via a component, for example, a duct member. - A microcomputer constructing, for example, the
controller 30, and anelectrical component box 25 for accommodating components such as various electrical components and a board are provided in thelower space 115a. - The
upper space 115b is located downstream of thelower space 115a with respect to the flow of air generated by theindoor fan 7f. Theindoor heat exchanger 7 is provided in theair passage 81 in theupper space 115b. - A drain pan (not shown) is arranged below the
indoor heat exchanger 7 to receive condensed water that has condensed on the surface of theindoor heat exchanger 7. The drain pan may be formed as a part of thepartition unit 20, or may be formed as a component separate from thepartition unit 20 and disposed on thepartition unit 20. - During driving the
indoor fan 7f, indoor air is sucked in through theair inlet 112. The sucked indoor air passes through theindoor heat exchanger 7 and turns into conditioned air, which is blown out into the indoor space from theair outlet 113. - The
indoor heat exchanger 7 is a plate fin-tube heat exchanger including a plurality of fins arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes penetrating the plurality of fins and in which refrigerant is circulated. The heat transfer tubes each include a plurality of hairpin tubes with a long straight tube portion penetrating the plurality of fins, and a plurality of U-bent tubes that allow adjacent hairpin tubes to communicate to each other. The hairpin tube and the U-bent tube are joined by a brazed portion. - The number of heat transfer tubes to be provided may be one, or more than one. The number of hairpin tubes constructing each single heat transfer tube may be also one or more than one.
- The heat exchanger two-phase
pipe temperature sensor 93 is provided to a U-bent tube located in the middle portion of the refrigerant path of the heat transfer tube. - The
indoor pipe 9a on the gas side is connected to a header main pipe having a cylindrical shape. The header main pipe is connected to a plurality of header branch pipes that branch off from the main header pipe. Each of the header branch pipes is connected to one end portion of the corresponding heat transfer tube. Theindoor pipe 9b on the liquid side is connected to a plurality of indoor refrigerant branch pipes that branch off from theindoor pipe 9b. Each of the indoor refrigerant branch pipes is connected to the other end portion of the corresponding heat transfer tube. - The heat exchanger liquid
pipe temperature sensor 92 is provided to theindoor pipe 9b. - The
indoor pipe 9a and the header main pipe, the header main pipe and the header branch pipe, the header branch pipe and the heat transfer tube, theindoor pipe 9b and the indoor refrigerant branch pipe, and the indoor refrigerant branch pipe and the heat transfer tube are each joined by a brazed portion. -
Fig. 5 is a front view for schematically illustrating the configuration of thetemperature sensors indoor pipes conditioning apparatus 100 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention, and the configuration of components in the vicinity of thetemperature sensors - As illustrated in
Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 , theindoor pipes indoor heat exchanger 7 are extended downward through thepartition unit 20 from theupper space 115b to thelower space 115a. Thejoint portion 15a that connects theindoor pipe 9a to theextension pipe 10a and thejoint portion 15b that connects theindoor pipe 9b to theextension pipe 10b are provided in thelower space 115a. - As illustrated in
Fig. 5 , thetemperature sensors lower space 115a separately from the suctionair temperature sensor 91. Thetemperature sensor 94a is provided to theindoor pipe 9a, which is a refrigerant pipe through which refrigerant flows in the heating operation at a temperature higher than that in the defrosting operation. In therefrigerant circuit 40, thetemperature sensor 94a is provided to theindoor pipe 9a located in the vicinity of the inlet of theindoor heat exchanger 7, and is provided in an area adjacent to thejoint portion 15a on theindoor pipe 9a while in contact with the outer peripheral surface of theindoor pipe 9a. Thetemperature sensor 94a is disposed, for example, above and in the vicinity of thejoint portion 15a. - The
temperature sensor 94b is provided to theindoor pipe 9b, which is a refrigerant pipe through which refrigerant flows in the heating operation at a temperature higher than that in the defrosting operation. In therefrigerant circuit 40, thetemperature sensor 94b is provided to theindoor pipe 9b located in the vicinity of the outlet of theindoor heat exchanger 7, and is provided in an area adjacent to thejoint portion 15b on theindoor pipe 9b while in contact with the outer peripheral surface of theindoor pipe 9b. Thetemperature sensor 94b is disposed, for example, above and in the vicinity of thejoint portion 15b. - The
temperature sensor joint portions indoor pipes extension pipes joint portion temperature sensors extension pipe 10a and theindoor pipe 9a, or theextension pipe 10b and theindoor pipe 9b, which are joined together by brazing, welding, or other processing, is located. - The
temperature sensors indoor unit 1. The wires connecting thetemperature sensor electrical component box 25 are mounted to theindoor pipes indoor pipes indoor unit 1. As a result, each of thetemperature sensors indoor unit 1 that is in its pre-installation state. This configuration eliminates the need for positioning thetemperature sensors indoor unit 1 when theindoor pipes extension pipes temperature sensors - The portions of the
extension pipes joint portions heat insulating material 82b to prevent condensation from being formed. Twoextension pipes heat insulating material 82b, but each of theextension pipes extension pipes conditioning apparatus 100. Theheat insulating material 82b may be already attached at the time of purchase of theextension pipes extension pipes heat insulating material 82b separately, and may attach theheat insulating material 82b to theextension pipes - The areas on the
indoor pipe joint portions temperature sensors extension pipes joint portions joint portions heat insulating material 82a different from theheat insulating material 82b to prevent condensation from being formed. That is, thetemperature sensors heat insulating material 82a identical to the heat insulating material that covers the seam in the refrigerant pipe. - The
heat insulating material 82a is attached by the installation operator during installation of the air-conditioning apparatus 100, after theextension pipes indoor pipes heat insulating material 82a is often packaged together with theindoor unit 1 that is in a shipping state. Theheat insulating material 82a has a shape of, for example, a cylinder tube split by a plane including the tube axis. Theheat insulating material 82a is wrapped to cover an end portion of theheat insulating material 82b from the outside, and attached by using a band 83. Theheat insulating material 82a is in close contact with those refrigerant pipes, and thus only a minute gap is present between the outer surface of each refrigerant pipe and the inner surface of theheat insulating material 82a. - The
temperature sensors temperature sensors - In the
indoor unit 1, refrigerant is likely to leak at the location of a seam such as thejoint portions refrigerant circuit 40 undergoes adiabatic expansion and turns into a gas, which is dispersed into the atmosphere. When refrigerant undergoes adiabatic expansion and turns into a gas, the refrigerant removes heat from the surrounding air or other media. - In this regard, the
joint portions heat insulating material 82a. Consequently, when refrigerant undergoes adiabatic expansion and turns into a gas, the refrigerant is not able to remove heat from the air outside theheat insulating material 82a. Theheat insulating material 82a has a small heat capacity, and hence the refrigerant is not able to remove almost any heat from theheat insulating material 82a as well. Thus, the leaking refrigerant removes heat mainly from the refrigerant pipe. At this time, the refrigerant pipe itself is heat-insulated with the heat insulating material from the air outside. Consequently, when the refrigerant pipe loses heat to the refrigerant, the temperature of the refrigerant pipe decreases corresponding to the amount of heat lost to the refrigerant, and the refrigerant pipe is maintained at the decreased temperature. As a result, the temperature of the refrigerant pipe in the vicinity of the leakage site drops to a cryogenic temperature approximately equal to the boiling point of the refrigerant (for example, approximately -29 degrees C for HFO-1234yf), with the temperature of the refrigerant pipe dropping successively also at sites remote from the leakage site. - The refrigerant that has undergone adiabatic expansion and turned into a gas can hardly disperse into the air outside the
heat insulating material 82a, and accumulates in the minute gap between the refrigerant pipe and theheat insulating material 82a. Then, when the temperature of the refrigerant pipe drops to the boiling point of the refrigerant, the gas refrigerant accumulating in the minute gap condenses again on the outer surface of the refrigerant pipe. The leaked refrigerant that has turned into a liquid through the re-condensation travels along the outer surface of the refrigerant pipe and the inner surface of the heat insulating material to disperse in the minute gap between the refrigerant pipe and the heat insulating material not only in the direction of gravity but also upward, that is, in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity. - Specifically, the gap between the outer surface of each of the
indoor pipes heat insulating material 82a is minute. Thus, the refrigerant at a cryogenic temperature that has turned into a liquid through the re-condensation in the vicinity of each of thejoint portions temperature sensors indoor pipes joint portions temperature sensors - At this time, each of the
temperature sensors temperature sensors temperature sensors indoor pipes - Each of the
heat insulating materials -
Fig. 6 is a graph for showing an example of how the temperature measured by thetemperature sensor 94b changes with time when refrigerant is caused to leak from thejoint portion 15b in theindoor unit 1 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. The horizontal axis of the graph represents time elapsed [sec] since the start of refrigerant leakage, and the vertical axis represents temperature [degrees C]. InFig. 6 , both changes in temperature with time at a leakage rate of 1 kg/h, and changes in temperature with time at a leakage rate of 10 kg/h are shown. HFO-1234yf is used as the refrigerant. - As shown in
Fig. 6 , as the leaked refrigerant undergoes adiabatic expansion and turns into a gas, the temperature measured by thetemperature sensor 94b begins to drop immediately after the start of leakage. When the refrigerant begins to liquefy due to re-condensation during lapse of several to several tens of seconds after the start of leakage, the temperature measured by thetemperature sensor 94b sharply drops to the boiling point of HFO-1234yf, which is approximately -29 degrees C. Subsequently, the temperature measured by thetemperature sensor 94b is maintained at approximately -29 degrees C. - The refrigerant leakage site is covered by a heat insulating material as described above, and hence a temperature drop due to refrigerant leakage can be detected with no delay. Through covering of the refrigerant leakage site with a heat insulating material, it is possible to detect the temperature drop due to refrigerant leakage with good responsiveness, even when the refrigerant leaks at a relatively low rate of 1 kg/h.
- It is desired that the refrigerant leakage detection processing be repeatedly executed at predetermined time intervals only when, for example, power is supplied to the air-
conditioning apparatus 100, that is, when a breaker configured to supply power to the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is activated and theindoor fan 7f is in a stopped condition. While theindoor fan 7f is running, indoor air is stirred, and thus even when refrigerant leaks, the refrigerant is dispersed to prevent localized areas of elevated refrigerant concentration. Even when theindoor fan 7f is in a stopped condition, during the cooling operation and the defrosting operation in which the temperature of theindoor pipes indoor pipes temperature sensors - When a battery or uninterruptible power supply capable of supplying power to the
indoor unit 1 is present, the refrigerant leakage detection processing may be executed also when the breaker is deactivated. - The refrigerant leakage detection processing may be executed irrespective of the operational state of the
compressor 3. That is, the refrigerant leakage detection processing using thetemperature sensors compressor 3 is in a stopped condition and when thecompressor 3 is running. Alternatively, the refrigerant leakage detection processing may be executed only when thecompressor 3 is in a stopped condition or only when thecompressor 3 is running. -
Fig. 7 is a flowchart for illustrating an example of refrigerant leakage detection permission-denial processing executed by thecontroller 30 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. The refrigerant leakage detection permission-denial processing is repeatedly executed at predetermined time intervals. - In Step S71 in
Fig. 7 , thecontroller 30 determines whether or not theindoor fan 7f is in a stopped condition. When theindoor fan 7f is in a stopped condition, the processing proceeds to Step S73. When theindoor fan 7f is running, the processing proceeds to Step S72, in which the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is stopped, and the refrigerant leakage detection processing is not allowed to be executed. - In Step S73, the
controller 30 determines whether or not a defrosting signal S1 has been recognized. The defrosting signal S1 is issued when the following condition, for example, is met during the heating operation as a condition for starting the defrosting operation, the outdoor temperature is equal to or lower than a preset temperature, a predetermined time has elapsed since the activation of thecompressor 3, and the temperature measured by the heat exchanger liquidpipe temperature sensor 92 has continued to be equal to or lower than a preset temperature for a predetermined period of time. Thecontroller 30 starts the defrosting operation when thecontroller 30 recognizes the defrosting signal S1. - When the defrosting signal S1 has not been recognized, the processing proceeds to Step S74, in which the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is permitted and the refrigerant leakage detection processing is executed. When the defrosting signal S1 has been recognized, the processing proceeds to Step S75.
- In Step S75, the
controller 30 determines whether or not a defrosting end signal S2 has been recognized. The defrosting end signal S2 is issued when the following condition, for example, is met during the defrosting operation, which is performed in the middle of the heating operation and is started when the defrosting signal S1 is recognized, as a condition for ending the defrosting operation, a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the defrosting operation, or the temperature measured by the heat exchanger liquidpipe temperature sensor 92 has continued to be equal to or higher than a preset temperature for a predetermined period of time. When thecontroller 30 recognizes the defrosting end signal S2, thecontroller 30 ends the defrosting operation and returns to the heating operation. - When the defrosting end signal S2 has been recognized, the processing proceeds to Step S74, in which the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is permitted and the refrigerant leakage detection processing is executed. When the defrosting end signal S2 has not been recognized, it is determined that the defrosting operation is still being performed even through the
indoor fan 7f is in a stopped condition, and the processing proceeds to Step S72, in which the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is stopped, and the refrigerant leakage detection processing is not allowed to be executed. -
Fig. 8 is a time chart for illustrating an example of timing when refrigerant leakage detection is permitted or denied by thecontroller 30 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. - As illustrated in
Fig. 8 , thecontroller 30 determines the duration of the defrosting operation, for which thecontroller 30 stops the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage, as the interval of time between recognition of the defrosting signal S1 and recognition of the defrosting end signal S2. - When the
controller 30 recognizes the defrosting signal S1, thecontroller 30 lowers the frequency of thecompressor 3 so that the refrigerantflow switching device 4 is switched from the heating operation side to the defrosting operation side similar to the cooling operation side. Subsequently, thecontroller 30 raises the frequency of thecompressor 3 for a predetermined period of time. Then, theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 is defrosted. Subsequently, thecontroller 30 stops thecompressor 3, and keeps that state for a predetermined period of time. This configuration allows the refrigerant to stabilize. Theindoor fan 7f is in a stopped condition during this processing. Then, thecontroller 30 recognizes the defrosting end signal S2, and switches the refrigerantflow switching device 4 to the heating operation side so that frequency of thecompressor 3 is gradually raised to resume the heating operation. -
Fig. 9 is a flowchart for illustrating an example of refrigerant leakage detection processing executed by thecontroller 30 of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention. The refrigerant leakage detection processing is repeatedly executed at predetermined time intervals while the refrigerant leakage detection is permitted by the refrigerant leakage detection permission-denial processing. - In
Embodiment 1, refrigerant leakage detection processing procedures using therespective temperature sensors temperature sensor 94b. - In Step S91 of
Fig. 9 , thecontroller 30 acquires information on the temperature measured by thetemperature sensor 94b. - In Step S92, the
controller 30 determines whether or not the temperature measured by thetemperature sensor 94b is lower than a preset threshold temperature, for example, -10 degrees C. When the measured temperature is lower than the threshold temperature, the processing proceeds to Step S93. When the measured temperature is equal to or higher than the threshold temperature, the refrigerant leakage detection processing is ended. - In Step S93, the
controller 30 determines that refrigerant has leaked. In this case, the processing proceeds to Step S94. - In Step S94, the
controller 30 performs a refrigerant-leakage-situation operation, which is an operation to be performed when refrigerant has leaked. - That is, when it is determined that refrigerant has leaked, the
compressor 3 is stopped and theindoor fan 7f is run for a predetermined period of time. As a result, the indoor air is stirred and the leaked refrigerant is caused to disperse. This operation prevents localized areas of elevated refrigerant concentration. Consequently, formation of flammable concentration regions is prevented even when a flammable refrigerant is used. - That is, in the refrigerant-leakage-situation operation, the
controller 30 may set the system status of the air-conditioning apparatus 100 to "Abnormal", and may not permit components other than theindoor fan 7f to operate. - When the
controller 30 determines that refrigerant has leaked, thecontroller 30 may inform the user of the abnormal condition with use of a display or audio output unit, which is an informing unit provided in the operatingunit 26. For example, thecontroller 30 causes an instruction such as "Gas has leaked. Open the window" to be displayed on the display provided in the operatingunit 26. As a result, the user is able to immediately recognize that refrigerant has leaked, and that a measure such as ventilation should be taken. This operation ensures that localized areas of elevated refrigerant concentration can be prevented with greater reliability. - The above-mentioned configuration enables refrigerant leakage to be detected reliably and with good responsiveness over an extended period of time. The above-mentioned configuration also enables the number of temperature sensors to be reduced, thus allowing for reduced manufacturing cost of the air-
conditioning apparatus 100. - According to
Embodiment 1, the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes therefrigerant circuit 40 in which thecompressor 3, theindoor heat exchanger 7, thepressure reducing device 6, theoutdoor heat exchanger 5, and the refrigerantflow switching device 4 configured to switch operation to the heating operation or the defrosting operation are connected by the refrigerant pipe to circulate refrigerant. The air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes theindoor fan 7f configured to supply air to theindoor heat exchanger 7. The air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes thetemperature sensors indoor heat exchanger 7 in therefrigerant circuit 40, and which are disposed in areas adjacent to seams in the refrigerant pipe in which thejoint portions conditioning apparatus 100 includes thecontroller 30 configured to determine the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the temperature measured by one of thetemperature sensors controller 30 is configured to determine the presence of refrigerant leakage while theindoor fan 7f is stopped. Thecontroller 30 is configured to stop the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage while the defrosting operation is performed. - According to this configuration, when the
indoor fan 7f is in a stopped condition, in which the refrigerant concentration locally increases at a time of refrigerant leakage, thecontroller 30 determines the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the temperature measured by one of thetemperature sensors controller 30 can perform the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage when the refrigerant that has leaked from a seam in the refrigerant pipe is not dispersed by the air-sending operation of theindoor fan 7f and thus the concentration of the leaked refrigerant increases to cause a decrease in the temperature of the surroundings of the refrigerant. Further, during the defrosting operation in which the refrigerant pipe provided with one of thetemperature sensors controller 30 stops the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage. This configuration prevents false detection of refrigerant leakage from being made when the temperature of the refrigerant pipe is low. - According to
Embodiment 1, thecontroller 30 is configured to determine the duration of the defrosting operation, for which thecontroller 30 stops the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage, as the interval of time between recognition of the defrosting signal S1 and recognition of the defrosting end signal S2. - According to this configuration, the duration of the defrosting operation, for which the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is stopped, can be determined as the interval of time between recognition of the defrosting signal S1 and recognition of the defrosting end signal S2. This configuration simplifies the control.
- According to
Embodiment 1, thetemperature sensors heat insulating material 82a, together with the seam in the refrigerant pipe. - This configuration ensures that the refrigerant that has leaked from the seam in the refrigerant pipe is dispersed in the space between the outer surface of the refrigerant pipe and the inner surface of the
heat insulating material 82a. Thus, the leaked low-temperature refrigerant directly reaches each of thetemperature sensors temperature sensors - According to
Embodiment 1, thetemperature sensors heat insulating material 82a identical to the heat insulating material that covers the seam in the refrigerant pipe. - According to this configuration, the refrigerant that has leaked from the seam in the refrigerant pipe is dispersed in the space between the outer surface of the refrigerant pipe and the inner surface of the
heat insulating material 82a leading to thetemperature sensors temperature sensors temperature sensors - According to
Embodiment 1, the refrigerant pipe includes theindoor pipe indoor unit 1, and theextension pipes indoor pipe temperature sensors indoor pipes - This configuration allows the
temperature sensors indoor unit 1 that is in its pre-installation state. This configuration eliminates the need for positioning thetemperature sensors indoor unit 1 when the refrigerant pipe is connected, which in turn improves working efficiency and eliminates variations in the positioning of thetemperature sensors temperature sensors indoor pipes temperature sensors heat insulating material 82a, together with the seam in the refrigerant pipe. In this case, the refrigerant that has leaked from the seam in the refrigerant pipe is dispersed in the space between the outer surface of the refrigerant pipe and the inner surface of theheat insulating material 82a also in a direction opposite to the direction of gravity. This configuration ensures that the leaked low-temperature refrigerant reaches thetemperature sensors temperature sensors - The refrigerant leakage detection method according to
Embodiment 1 includes measuring, in therefrigerant circuit 40 in which refrigerant is circulated to perform the heating operation, in which air is supplied to theindoor heat exchanger 7 with use of theindoor fan 7f, or the defrosting operation, the temperature of an area in the vicinity of a seam in the refrigerant pipe in which one of thejoint portions indoor fan 7f is stopped, the presence of refrigerant leakage is determined on the basis of a decrease in measured temperature. With the refrigerant leakage detection method, while the defrosting operation is performed, the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage based on a decrease in measured temperature is stopped. - According to this configuration, when the
indoor fan 7f is in a stopped condition, in which the refrigerant concentration locally increases at a time of refrigerant leakage, thecontroller 30 determines the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the temperature measured by one of thetemperature sensors controller 30 can perform the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage when the refrigerant that has leaked from a seam in the refrigerant pipe is not dispersed by the air-sending operation of theindoor fan 7f and thus the concentration of the leaked refrigerant increases to cause a decrease in the temperature of the surroundings of the refrigerant. Further, during defrosting operation in which the refrigerant pipes provided with thetemperature sensors controller 30 stops the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage. This configuration prevents false detection of refrigerant leakage from being made when the temperature of the refrigerant pipe is low. - In
Embodiment 2 of the present invention, outdoor refrigerant temperature is measured by the outdoorpipe temperature sensor 90 arranged in theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 of theoutdoor unit 2, and when the outdoor refrigerant temperature is higher than the temperature measured by one of thetemperature sensors Embodiment 2, features similar to those inEmbodiment 1 are not described, and the description focuses only on its characteristic features. -
Fig. 10 is a flowchart for illustrating an example of refrigerant leakage detection permission-denial processing executed by a controller of an air-conditioning apparatus according toEmbodiment 2 of the present invention. The following description focuses only on features different from those of the flowchart illustrated inFig. 7 . - In Step S75, the
controller 30 determines whether or not a defrosting end signal S2 has been recognized. The defrosting end signal S2 is issued when the following condition, for example, is met during the defrosting operation, which is performed in the middle of the heating operation, as a condition for ending the defrosting operation, a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the defrosting operation, or the temperature measured by the heat exchanger liquidpipe temperature sensor 92 has continued to be equal to or higher than a preset temperature for a predetermined period of time. When thecontroller 30 recognizes the defrosting end signal S2, thecontroller 30 ends the defrosting operation and returns to the heating operation. - When the defrosting end signal S2 has been recognized, the processing proceeds to Step S74, in which the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is permitted and the refrigerant leakage detection processing is executed. When the defrosting end signal S2 has not been recognized, it is determined that defrosting operation is still being performed, and the processing proceeds to Step S76.
- In Step S76, the
controller 30 determines whether or not the outdoor refrigerant temperature measured by the outdoorpipe temperature sensor 90 arranged in theoutdoor heat exchanger 5 of theoutdoor unit 2 is higher than the temperature measured by one of thetemperature sensors temperature sensors temperature sensors - According to
Embodiment 2, the air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes therefrigerant circuit 40 in which thecompressor 3, theindoor heat exchanger 7, thepressure reducing device 6, theoutdoor heat exchanger 5, and the refrigerantflow switching device 4 configured to switch operation to the heating operation or the defrosting operation are connected by the refrigerant pipe to circulate refrigerant. The air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes the outdoorpipe temperature sensor 90 to measure outdoor refrigerant temperature. The air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes thetemperature sensor indoor heat exchanger 7 in therefrigerant circuit 40, and provided in areas adjacent to seams in the refrigerant pipe in which thejoint portions 15a are 15b are located, respectively. The air-conditioning apparatus 100 includes thecontroller 30 configured to determine the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of a decrease in the temperature measured by one of thetemperature sensors pipe temperature sensor 90 is higher than the temperature measured by one of thetemperature sensors controller 30 determines the presence of refrigerant leakage while the defrosting operation is performed. When the outdoor refrigerant temperature measured by the outdoorpipe temperature sensor 90 is equal to or lower than the temperature measured by one of thetemperature sensors controller 30 stops the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage while the defrosting operation is performed. - According to this configuration, even during the defrosting operation in which the refrigerant pipe is at a decreased temperature, the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is performed when the outdoor refrigerant temperature is higher than the temperature measured by one of the
temperature sensors - The refrigerant leakage detection method according to
Embodiment 2 includes measuring, in the refrigerant circuit in which refrigerant is circulated to perform the heating operation or the defrosting operation, the outdoor refrigerant temperature and the temperature of an area in the vicinity of a seam in the refrigerant pipe in which one of thejoint portions joint portions joint portions joint portions joint portions - According to this configuration, even during the defrosting operation in which the refrigerant pipe is at a decreased temperature, the determination of the presence of refrigerant leakage is performed when the outdoor refrigerant temperature is higher than the temperature measured by one of the
temperature sensors - The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and various modifications can be made.
- For example, although the above-mentioned embodiments are directed to a case in which the
indoor unit 1 is of a floor type, the present invention is also applicable to indoor units of other types such as a ceiling cassette type, a ceiling concealed type, a ceiling suspended type, and a wall type. - Although the above-mentioned embodiments are directed to a case in which the temperature sensor used for refrigerant leakage detection is provided in the
indoor unit 1, the temperature sensor used for refrigerant leakage detection may be provided in theoutdoor unit 2. In this case, the temperature sensor used for refrigerant leakage detection is provided in an area of a component, for example, theoutdoor heat exchanger 5, that is in the vicinity of a seam in the refrigerant pipe, for example, a brazed portion, and is covered by a heat insulating material together with the brazed portion. Alternatively, the temperature sensor used for refrigerant leakage detection is provided in an area in theoutdoor unit 2 that is in the vicinity of a seam in the refrigerant pipe, for example, a joint between refrigerant pipes, and is covered by a heat insulating material together with the joint. Thecontroller 30 determines the presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of the temperature measured by the temperature sensor used for refrigerant leakage detection. This configuration allows refrigerant leakage in theoutdoor unit 2 to be detected reliably and with good responsiveness over an extended period of time. - 1
indoor unit 2outdoor unit 3compressor 4 refrigerantflow switching device 5 outdoor heat exchanger 5foutdoor fan 6pressure reducing device 7indoor heat exchanger 7findoor fan 9aindoor pipe 9bindoor pipe 10a extension pipe 10b extension pipe 11suction pipe 12 discharge pipe 13a extension-pipe connection valve 13b extension-pipe connection valve 14a service port 14b service port14c service port 15ajoint portion 15b joint portion 16a joint portion 16bjoint portion 20partition unit 20aair passage opening 25electrical component box 26operating unit 30controller 40refrigerant circuit 81air passage 82aheat insulating material 82b heat insulating material 83band 90 outdoorpipe temperature sensor 91 suctionair temperature sensor 92 heat exchanger liquidpipe temperature sensor 93 heat exchanger two-phasepipe temperature sensor 94a temperature sensor 94b temperature sensor 100 air-conditioning apparatus 107impeller 108fan casing 108aair outlet opening 108b air inlet opening 111housing 112air inlet 113air outlet 114a firstfront panel 114b secondfront panel 114c thirdfront panel 115a lower space115b upper space
Claims (8)
- An air-conditioning apparatus, comprising:a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion device, an outdoor heat exchanger, and a switching device configured to switch operation to a heating operation or a defrosting operation are connected by a refrigerant pipe to circulate refrigerant;an indoor fan configured to supply air to the indoor heat exchanger;a temperature sensor located in a vicinity of at least one of an outlet and an inlet of the indoor heat exchanger in the refrigerant circuit, the temperature sensor being provided in an area adjacent to a seam in the refrigerant pipe; anda controller configured to determine presence of refrigerant leakage on a basis of a decrease in temperature measured by the temperature sensor,the controller being configured to determine presence of refrigerant leakage during a period in which the indoor fan is stopped, and to stop determination of presence of refrigerant leakage during a period in which the defrosting operation is performed.
- The air-conditioning apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine a duration of the defrosting operation, for which the controller stops determination of presence of refrigerant leakage, as an interval of time between recognition of a defrosting signal and recognition of a defrosting end signal.
- An air-conditioning apparatus, comprising:a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an expansion device, an outdoor heat exchanger, and a switching device configured to switch operation to a heating operation or a defrosting operation are connected by a refrigerant pipe to circulate refrigerant;an outdoor pipe temperature sensor configured to measure an outdoor refrigerant temperature;a temperature sensor located in a vicinity of at least one of an outlet and an inlet of the indoor heat exchanger in the refrigerant circuit, the temperature sensor being provided in an area adjacent to a seam in the refrigerant pipe; anda controller configured to determine presence of refrigerant leakage on a basis of a decrease in temperature measured by the temperature sensor,when the outdoor refrigerant temperature measured by the outdoor pipe temperature sensor is higher than the temperature measured by the temperature sensor, the controller being configured to determine presence of refrigerant leakage during a period in which the defrosting operation is performed, and when the outdoor refrigerant temperature measured by the outdoor pipe temperature sensor is equal to or lower than the temperature measured by the temperature sensor, the controller being configured to stop determination of presence of refrigerant leakage during the period in which the defrosting operation is performed.
- The air-conditioning apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature sensor and the seam in the refrigerant pipe are covered by at least one heat insulating material.
- The air-conditioning apparatus of claim 4, wherein the temperature sensor is covered by a heat insulating material identical to the heat insulating material covering the seam in the refrigerant pipe.
- The air-conditioning apparatus of claim 4 or 5,
wherein the refrigerant pipe includes an indoor pipe provided in an indoor unit, and an extension pipe extended downward from the indoor pipe via the seam, and
wherein the temperature sensor is provided to the indoor pipe located above the seam in the refrigerant pipe. - A refrigerant leakage detection method, comprising:measuring, in a refrigerant circuit in which refrigerant is circulated to perform a heating operation, in which air is supplied to an indoor heat exchanger with use of an indoor fan, or a defrosting operation, a temperature of an area in a vicinity of a seam in a refrigerant pipe;determining, during a period in which the indoor fan is stopped, presence of refrigerant leakage on a basis of a decrease in the measured temperature; andstopping, during a period in which the defrosting operation is performed, determination of presence of refrigerant leakage on the basis of the decrease in the measured temperature.
- A refrigerant leakage detection method, comprising:measuring, in a refrigerant circuit in which refrigerant is circulated to perform a heating operation or a defrosting operation, an outdoor refrigerant temperature, and a temperature of an area in a vicinity of a seam in a refrigerant pipe;determining, when the outdoor refrigerant temperature is higher than the temperature of the area in the vicinity of the seam in the refrigerant pipe, presence of refrigerant leakage during a period in which the defrosting operation is performed, on a basis of a decrease in temperature of the area in the vicinity of the seam in the refrigerant pipe; andstopping, when the outdoor refrigerant temperature is equal to or lower than the temperature of the area in the vicinity of the seam in the refrigerant pipe, determination of presence of refrigerant leakage during the period in which the defrosting operation is performed on the basis of the decrease in temperature of the area in the vicinity of the seam in the refrigerant pipe.
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WO2017175300A1 (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2017-10-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Air conditioner |
WO2017187562A1 (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-11-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
JPWO2017187618A1 (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-08-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Refrigeration cycle equipment |
JP6269756B1 (en) * | 2016-09-02 | 2018-01-31 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Refrigeration equipment |
EP3521717B1 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2022-02-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Air conditioning device |
-
2016
- 2016-11-16 US US16/326,725 patent/US10859299B2/en active Active
- 2016-11-16 EP EP16904250.4A patent/EP3511657B1/en active Active
- 2016-11-16 JP JP2018550903A patent/JP6656406B2/en active Active
- 2016-11-16 WO PCT/JP2016/083883 patent/WO2018092197A1/en unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4269893A1 (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2023-11-01 | Carrier Corporation | Refrigerant leak detection using a sensor-reading context analysis |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2018092197A1 (en) | 2019-06-24 |
EP3511657A4 (en) | 2019-10-09 |
JP6656406B2 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
EP3511657B1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
US20190264965A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 |
US10859299B2 (en) | 2020-12-08 |
WO2018092197A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 |
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