EP3510289B1 - Centrifugal pump - Google Patents

Centrifugal pump Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3510289B1
EP3510289B1 EP17765122.1A EP17765122A EP3510289B1 EP 3510289 B1 EP3510289 B1 EP 3510289B1 EP 17765122 A EP17765122 A EP 17765122A EP 3510289 B1 EP3510289 B1 EP 3510289B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
centrifugal pump
impeller
shaft
radiation
casing
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EP17765122.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3510289C0 (en
EP3510289A1 (en
Inventor
Alexander BÖHM
Stephan Braun
Holger RAUNER
Adrian STEIN
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KSB SE and Co KGaA
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KSB SE and Co KGaA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/026—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2205—Conventional flow pattern
    • F04D29/2222—Construction and assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2205—Conventional flow pattern
    • F04D29/2222—Construction and assembly
    • F04D29/2227—Construction and assembly for special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/406—Casings; Connections of working fluid especially adapted for liquid pumps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a centrifugal pump according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to claim 6 for producing such a centrifugal pump.
  • Centrifugal pumps are fluid machines that use centrifugal force to pump media. For this reason they are also called centrifugal pumps.
  • the medium to be pumped enters the centrifugal pump via a housing part, the suction port.
  • the medium is captured by the rotating impeller and carried to the outside. The resulting speed of the medium leads to an increase in pressure within the centrifugal pump.
  • a central component of a pump is the impeller, which transfers the mechanical energy to the fluid as an impulse.
  • the impeller shape determines how the flow exits the pump.
  • the main features of the housing are the flow supply and discharge to the impeller.
  • Flow channels serve to convert the kinetic energy induced in the flow by the impeller into static pressure.
  • centrifugal pumps are very time-consuming. All components are individually manufactured from different materials. The centrifugal pump must then be assembled from the individual components. For example, the impeller, which consists of a cast material, for example, must be connected to the shaft, which is made of steel, for example. In addition, conventional centrifugal pumps have a split housing that consists of several parts that must be assembled together. Bearings and seals must be installed between the moving components and the stationary parts of the centrifugal pump.
  • the materials for the individual components of the centrifugal pump must be selected so that they do justice to their respective tasks. Components with load-bearing properties must have high strength and low brittleness. Components that come into contact with the medium to be pumped should be made of a hard, wear-resistant material.
  • EP1 533 528 A2 will describe a method for producing an impeller for a centrifugal pump, in which a first part comprising a rear cover plate, is produced in a spraying or casting process and then a second part, which includes the front cover plate, is pushed onto the first part.
  • a centrifugal pump impeller which is composed of several sheet metal parts. To achieve a rigid construction, the energy-transmitting blades are attached exclusively to the force-transmitting cover plate.
  • the entry area of the impeller is formed by a suction mouth, which is designed as a single part.
  • the suction mouth covers the beginnings of the blade.
  • a bladeless cover disk covering the blade channels is attached to the blades between the impeller outlet and the maximum diameter of the suction mouth.
  • a flow-guiding component is known with a functional area for contact with a flowing medium and a functional area with load-bearing properties, the two functional areas being made from a structural material.
  • the EP 2 746 589 A2 describes an impeller with a monolithic structure that is manufactured using an additive process.
  • the WO 2013/124314 A1 discloses a turbomachine impeller that includes multiple solidified layers formed by solidified powder material.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a centrifugal pump in which the assembly effort is minimized.
  • the centrifugal pump should be as inexpensive to manufacture as possible and should have a long service life and reliable operation distinguish.
  • the specifications of the centrifugal pump should be adaptable with as little effort as possible.
  • damage to the centrifugal pump due to different thermal expansion coefficients should be avoided.
  • the centrifugal pump should be characterized by good recyclability with a view to sustainable development.
  • the impeller with the shaft is designed as a one-piece component.
  • the one-piece component is manufactured from a structural material by successively melting and solidifying layers using radiation.
  • the building material is preferably metallic powder and/or granulate particles.
  • iron-containing and/or cobalt-containing particles are used for this purpose. These can contain additives such as chromium, molybdenum or nickel.
  • the metallic construction material is applied in powder or granulate form in a thin layer to a base.
  • the powdery material is completely melted locally using radiation at the desired locations and forms a solid material layer after solidification.
  • the base is then lowered by the amount of one layer thickness and powder is applied again. This cycle is repeated until all layers have remelted.
  • the finished component is cleaned of excess powder.
  • a laser beam can be used as radiation, which generates the flow-guiding component from the individual powder layers.
  • the data for guiding the laser beam is based on a 3D CAD body using a Software generated.
  • an electron beam (EBM) can also be used.
  • the centrifugal pump according to the invention comprises a housing which is also made from the construction material by successively solidifying layers using radiation. It proves to be advantageous if the housing is designed in one piece and is formed around the one-piece component consisting of the impeller and shaft.
  • At least one bearing is arranged between the shaft and the housing as a further component, which is also produced by successive solidification of layers using radiation.
  • rotating bodies can be produced from the construction material, for example by successive melting and solidification of layers using radiation, which are arranged between the stationary housing parts and the rotating components of the centrifugal pump, such as the shaft.
  • the bodies can be, for example, spheres or cylinders.
  • these bodies are arranged between an inner ring and/or an outer ring in the bearings, which are also formed generatively from the building material and, together with the bodies, form the respective bearing.
  • bearings which have non-solidified building material can be arranged between stationary and rotating components of the centrifugal pump.
  • the building material can be in the form of granules or powder.
  • spherical building material is used. Rolling movements on the construction material create inexpensive and reliable storage between stationary and rotating components of the centrifugal pump.
  • the impeller and the housing and/or between the shaft and the housing and seals are arranged as further components, which are produced by successive solidification of layers using radiation from the building material.
  • labyrinth seals can be formed from the construction material. The sealing effect is based on the extension of the flow path through the gap to be sealed, which significantly increases the flow resistance.
  • the path extension is generated by interlocking (“combing”) formations on rotating components and formations on stationary components. These shapes on the respective components are created during the generative construction.
  • components that slide on one another can be designed as seals and are annular, with preferably two rings corresponding to one another.
  • One of the two rings is formed in one piece from the housing.
  • the other ring is formed integrally with a rotating component, such as the shaft.
  • the individual components of the centrifugal pump have different properties that are generated by varying the radiation.
  • the properties of the individual components for example the shaft, the impeller or the housing, can be influenced by variations in the radiation.
  • the material properties are modified when generating the centrifugal pump. This creates a centrifugal pump made of a chemically homogeneous material.
  • the centrifugal pump has zones and structures with different material states and therefore different properties.
  • the centrifugal pump generated in this way has components with different mechanical properties.
  • the construction material for generating the entire centrifugal pump is chemically identical, according to the invention different metallic structures are produced by varying the radiation. This creates components with different metallic structures and therefore different properties.
  • the entire centrifugal pump is manufactured from the same structural material, preferably in a single, continuous manufacturing process.
  • the invention enables, for example, the generative production of low-cost or one-off products.
  • the centrifugal pump generates a targeted control of the energy input during the construction of the component in order to change the mechanical properties in the microvolume of the material. There is no subsequent heat treatment, so that the different material states that occur locally are retained. Complex coatings are also no longer necessary.
  • the energy input introduced by the radiation in the components that come into contact with the medium differs from the components that primarily have load-bearing properties. This can be achieved, for example, by varying the intensity of the radiation.
  • the scanning speed at which the laser beam travels over the individual powder layers also influences the energy input and thus the resulting structure. Components that have load-bearing properties preferably have greater strength.
  • the only figure shows a sectional view of a centrifugal pump.
  • the figure shows a sectional view through a centrifugal pump arrangement with an impeller 1.
  • a housing 2 is generatively formed around the impeller 1.
  • the housing 2 is formed in one piece and has a suction port 3 and a pressure port 4.
  • the housing 2 is a spiral housing.
  • the impeller 1 is designed as a radial impeller and is driven by a shaft 5.
  • the shaft 5 is set in rotation by a motor not shown in this illustration. Impeller 1 and shaft 5 form a one-piece component.
  • the shaft 5 is supported via bearings 6.
  • Seals 7 are arranged between the impeller 1 and the housing 2.
  • a metal powder of an iron-containing material is applied in a thin layer to a plate.
  • the powder is a powder of chrome molybdenum steel.
  • a laser beam acts at the points where the impeller is to be formed and fuses the powdery particles together.
  • the base plate After solidification, the base plate is lowered by the amount of the layer thickness and powder is applied again. This cycle is repeated until all layers have remelted. The finished component is cleaned of excess powder.
  • the 3D shape of the centrifugal pump is stored as a data record in software.
  • the laser beam is moved by a control device in such a way that it melts the shape of the centrifugal pump by correspondingly selectively melting the respective areas on the plate coated with a powder layer and these areas then solidify.
  • the energy input is varied so that different components with different structures and different specific properties are created.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kreiselpumpe gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 zu Herstellung einer derartigen Kreiselpumpe.The invention relates to a centrifugal pump according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to claim 6 for producing such a centrifugal pump.

Kreiselpumpen sind Strömungsmaschinen, bei denen die Fliehkraft genutzt wird, um Medien zu fördern. Aus diesem Grund werden sie auch als Zentrifugalpumpen bezeichnet. Das zu fördernde Medium tritt über ein Gehäuseteil, den Saugstutzen, in die Kreiselpumpe ein. Das Medium wird vom rotierenden Laufrad erfasst und nach außen getragen. Die dadurch aufgeprägte Geschwindigkeit des Mediums führt zu einer Drucksteigerung innerhalb der Kreiselpumpe.Centrifugal pumps are fluid machines that use centrifugal force to pump media. For this reason they are also called centrifugal pumps. The medium to be pumped enters the centrifugal pump via a housing part, the suction port. The medium is captured by the rotating impeller and carried to the outside. The resulting speed of the medium leads to an increase in pressure within the centrifugal pump.

Ein zentrales Bauteil einer Pumpe ist das Laufrad, das die mechanische Energie als Impuls an das Fluid überträgt. Die Laufradform bestimmt, wie die Strömung aus der Pumpe austritt. Man unterscheidet radiale, halbaxiale und axiale Laufräder. Hinsichtlich der Bauform des Laufrades werden geschlossene, halboffene und offene Formen unterschieden bzw. Formen mit und ohne einer Deck- und Tragscheibe. Bei einem geschlossenen Laufrad wird die Laufradschaufel auf beiden Seiten mit je einer Scheibe verbunden.A central component of a pump is the impeller, which transfers the mechanical energy to the fluid as an impulse. The impeller shape determines how the flow exits the pump. A distinction is made between radial, semi-axial and axial impellers. With regard to the design of the impeller, a distinction is made between closed, semi-open and open forms or forms with and without a cover and support disk. With a closed impeller, the impeller blade is connected to a disc on both sides.

Hauptmerkmale des Gehäuses sind die Strömungszu- bzw. -abführung zum Laufrad. Strömungskanäle dienen dazu, die durch das Laufrad in der Strömung induzierte kinetische Energie in einen statischen Druck umzuwandeln.The main features of the housing are the flow supply and discharge to the impeller. Flow channels serve to convert the kinetic energy induced in the flow by the impeller into static pressure.

Die Herstellung von herkömmlichen Kreiselpumpen ist sehr zeitaufwendig. Alle Komponenten werden einzeln aus unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen gefertigt. Anschließend muss die Kreiselpumpe aus den Einzelkomponenten montiert werden. Beispielsweise muss das Laufrad, das beispielsweise aus einem Gusswerkstoff besteht, mit der Welle verbunden werden, die beispielsweise aus einem Stahl gefertigt ist. Zudem weisen herkömmliche Kreiselpumpen ein geteiltes Gehäuse auf, das aus mehreren Teilen besteht, die zusammen gebaut werden müssen. Zwischen den beweglichen Bauteilen und den ruhenden Teilen der Kreiselpumpe müssen Lagerungen und Dichtungen montiert werden.The production of conventional centrifugal pumps is very time-consuming. All components are individually manufactured from different materials. The centrifugal pump must then be assembled from the individual components. For example, the impeller, which consists of a cast material, for example, must be connected to the shaft, which is made of steel, for example. In addition, conventional centrifugal pumps have a split housing that consists of several parts that must be assembled together. Bearings and seals must be installed between the moving components and the stationary parts of the centrifugal pump.

Die Werkstoffe für die einzelnen Komponenten der Kreiselpumpe müssen so gewählt werden, dass sie ihren jeweiligen Aufgaben gerecht werden. Komponenten mit den tragenden Eigenschaften müssen eine hohe Festigkeit und eine geringe Sprödigkeit aufweisen. Komponenten, die mit dem zu fördernden Medium in Kontakt kommen, sollten aus einem harten, verschleißbeständigen Werkstoff ausgeführt sein.The materials for the individual components of the centrifugal pump must be selected so that they do justice to their respective tasks. Components with load-bearing properties must have high strength and low brittleness. Components that come into contact with the medium to be pumped should be made of a hard, wear-resistant material.

Es gibt im Stand der Technik zahlreiche Bestrebungen, die Fertigung und Montage von Kreiselpumpen zu vereinfachen.There are numerous efforts in the state of the art to simplify the production and assembly of centrifugal pumps.

So offenbart die EP 1 059 457 A2 eine Kreiselpumpe mit einem in einem Gehäuse angeordneten Laufrad, welches über eine Welle angetrieben wird. Die Welle ist drehbar im Pumpengehäuse gelagert, wobei die Lagerung neben einem Wälzlager einen Lagerhalter umfasst. Der Lagerhalter ist lösbar mit dem Gehäuse verbunden. Der Lagerhalter weist am dem Laufrad zugewandten Ende einen vorzugsweise mit einem Rohrteil einstückig ausgeführtes Montageteil auf. Die Ausführung hat den Vorteil, dass die aus Laufrad, Welle, und Lagerung bestehende Einheit unabhängig vom Gehäuse gefertigt werden kann.This is how it reveals EP 1 059 457 A2 a centrifugal pump with an impeller arranged in a housing and driven by a shaft. The shaft is rotatably mounted in the pump housing, the bearing comprising a bearing holder in addition to a rolling bearing. The bearing holder is detachably connected to the housing. At the end facing the impeller, the bearing holder has a mounting part which is preferably made in one piece with a pipe part. The design has the advantage that the unit consisting of impeller, shaft and bearing can be manufactured independently of the housing.

In der EP1 533 528 A2 wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Laufrades für eine Kreiselpumpe beschreiben, bei dem ein erstes Teil, das eine hintere Deckscheibe umfasst, in einem Spritz - oder Gießverfahren hergestellt wird und anschließend ein zweites Teil, das die vordere Deckscheibe umfasst, auf den ersten Teiles aufgeschoben wird.In the EP1 533 528 A2 will describe a method for producing an impeller for a centrifugal pump, in which a first part comprising a rear cover plate, is produced in a spraying or casting process and then a second part, which includes the front cover plate, is pushed onto the first part.

In der DE 37 31 161 A1 wird ein Kreiselpumpenlaufrad beschrieben, das aus mehreren Blechteilen zusammengesetzt ist. Zur Erzielung einer steifen Konstruktion sind die energieübertragenden Schaufeln ausschließlich an der kraftübertragenden Deckscheibe befestigt. Den Eintrittsbereich des Laufrades bildet ein Saugmund, welcher als Einzelteil ausgebildet ist. Der Saugmund überdeckt die Schaufelanfänge. Eine die Schaufelkanäle abdeckende schaufellose Deckscheibe ist zwischen dem Laufradaustritt und dem maximalen Durchmesser des Saugmundes an den Schaufeln befestigt.In the DE 37 31 161 A1 A centrifugal pump impeller is described, which is composed of several sheet metal parts. To achieve a rigid construction, the energy-transmitting blades are attached exclusively to the force-transmitting cover plate. The entry area of the impeller is formed by a suction mouth, which is designed as a single part. The suction mouth covers the beginnings of the blade. A bladeless cover disk covering the blade channels is attached to the blades between the impeller outlet and the maximum diameter of the suction mouth.

Aus der WO 2016/128388 A1 ist ein strömungsführendes Bauteil mit einem Funktionsbereich zum Kontakt mit einem strömenden Medium und einem Funktionsbereich mit tragenden Eigenschaften bekannt, wobei die beiden Funktionsbereiche aus einem Aufbaumaterial hergestellt werden.From the WO 2016/128388 A1 a flow-guiding component is known with a functional area for contact with a flowing medium and a functional area with load-bearing properties, the two functional areas being made from a structural material.

Die EP 2 746 589 A2 beschreibt ein eine monolithische Struktur aufweisendes Laufrad, das mittels eines additiven Verfahrens hergestellt wird.The EP 2 746 589 A2 describes an impeller with a monolithic structure that is manufactured using an additive process.

Die WO 2013/124314 A1 offenbart ein Turbomaschinenlaufrad, das mehrere verfestigt Schichten umfasst, die durch verfestigtes Pulvermaterial gebildet werden.The WO 2013/124314 A1 discloses a turbomachine impeller that includes multiple solidified layers formed by solidified powder material.

In der WO 2017/127629 A1 wird eine Turbopumpe beschrieben, bei der sowohl das Gehäuse als auch das Laufrad als ein einziges Stück ausgebildet sind, wobei das Laufrad innerhalb des Gehäuses eingeschlossen ist.In the WO 2017/127629 A1 describes a turbopump in which both the housing and the impeller are formed as a single piece, with the impeller being enclosed within the housing.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Kreiselpumpe anzugeben, bei welcher der Montageaufwand minimiert wird. Die Kreiselpumpe soll möglichst kostengünstig herzustellen sein und sich durch eine hohe Lebensdauer, sowie eine zuverlässige Betriebsweise auszeichnen. Zudem sollen die Spezifikationen der Kreiselpumpe mit möglichst geringem Aufwand anpassbar sein. Weiterhin sollen bei der Kreiselpumpe Schäden durch unterschiedliche thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizienten vermieden werden. Weiterhin soll sich die Kreiselpumpe im Hinblick auf eine nachhaltige Entwicklung durch eine gute Recycelbarkeit auszeichnen.The object of the invention is to provide a centrifugal pump in which the assembly effort is minimized. The centrifugal pump should be as inexpensive to manufacture as possible and should have a long service life and reliable operation distinguish. In addition, the specifications of the centrifugal pump should be adaptable with as little effort as possible. Furthermore, damage to the centrifugal pump due to different thermal expansion coefficients should be avoided. Furthermore, the centrifugal pump should be characterized by good recyclability with a view to sustainable development.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Kreiselpumpe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst und durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kreiselpumpe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6. Bevorzugte Varianten sind den Unteransprüchen, der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen zu entnehmen.This object is achieved according to the invention by a centrifugal pump with the features of claim 1 and by a method for producing a centrifugal pump with the features of claim 6. Preferred variants can be found in the subclaims, the description and the drawings.

Bei der erfindungsmäßen Kreiselpumpe ist das Laufrad mit der Welle als einstückiges Bauteil ausgebildet. Das einstückige Bauteil wird aus einem Aufbaumaterial durch aufeinanderfolgendes Schmelzen und Erstarren von Schichten mittels Strahlung hergestellt.In the centrifugal pump according to the invention, the impeller with the shaft is designed as a one-piece component. The one-piece component is manufactured from a structural material by successively melting and solidifying layers using radiation.

Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei dem Aufbaumaterial um metallische Pulver- und/oder Granulatteilchen. Bei einer Variante der Erfindung werden dazu eisenhaltige und/oder cobaldhaltige Partikel eingesetzt. Diese können Zusätze wie beispielsweise Chrom, Molybdän oder Nickel enthalten.The building material is preferably metallic powder and/or granulate particles. In a variant of the invention, iron-containing and/or cobalt-containing particles are used for this purpose. These can contain additives such as chromium, molybdenum or nickel.

Der metallische Aufbauwerkstoff wird in Pulver- oder Granulatform in einer dünnen Schicht auf eine Unterlage aufgebracht. Der pulverförmige Werkstoff wird mittels Strahlung an den jeweils gewünschten Stellen lokal vollständig umgeschmolzen und bildet nach der Erstarrung eine feste Materialschicht. Anschließend wird die Unterlage um den Betrag einer Schichtdicke abgesenkt und es wird erneut Pulver aufgetragen. Dieser Zyklus wird solange wiederholt, bis alle Schichten umgeschmolzen sind. Das fertige Bauteil wird vom überschüssigen Pulver gereinigt.The metallic construction material is applied in powder or granulate form in a thin layer to a base. The powdery material is completely melted locally using radiation at the desired locations and forms a solid material layer after solidification. The base is then lowered by the amount of one layer thickness and powder is applied again. This cycle is repeated until all layers have remelted. The finished component is cleaned of excess powder.

Als Strahlung kann beispielsweise ein Laserstrahl zum Einsatz kommen, welcher das strömungsführende Bauteil aus den einzelnen Pulverschichten generiert. Die Daten zur Führung des Laserstrahls werden auf Grundlage eines 3D-CAD-Körpers mittels einer Software erzeugt. Alternativ zu einem selektiven Laserschmelzen kann auch ein Elektronenstrahl (EBM) zum Einsatz kommen.For example, a laser beam can be used as radiation, which generates the flow-guiding component from the individual powder layers. The data for guiding the laser beam is based on a 3D CAD body using a Software generated. As an alternative to selective laser melting, an electron beam (EBM) can also be used.

Ergänzend zu dem einstückigen Bauteil aus Laufrad und Welle umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Kreiselpumpe ein Gehäuse, das ebenfalls aus dem Aufbaumaterial durch aufeinanderfolgendes Verfestigen von Schichten mittels Strahlung hergestellt ist. Dabei erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, wenn das Gehäuse einstückig ausgebildet ist und um das einstückige Bauteil aus Laufrad und Welle geformt ist.In addition to the one-piece component consisting of impeller and shaft, the centrifugal pump according to the invention comprises a housing which is also made from the construction material by successively solidifying layers using radiation. It proves to be advantageous if the housing is designed in one piece and is formed around the one-piece component consisting of the impeller and shaft.

Erfindungsgemäß ist zwischen der Welle und dem Gehäuse zumindest eine Lagerung als weitere Komponente angeordnet, die ebenfalls durch aufeinanderfolgendes Verfestigen von Schichten mittels Strahlung hergestellt wird. Zur Generierung der Lagerung können beispielsweise durch aufeinanderfolgendes Schmelzen und Erstarren von Schichten mittels Strahlung aus dem Aufbaumaterial mit rotierende Körper hergestellt werden, die zwischen den ruhenden Gehäuseteilen und den rotierenden Komponenten der Kreiselpumpe, wie beispielsweise der Welle, angeordnet sind. Bei den Körpern kann es sich beispielsweise um Kugeln oder Zylinder handeln.According to the invention, at least one bearing is arranged between the shaft and the housing as a further component, which is also produced by successive solidification of layers using radiation. To generate the bearing, rotating bodies can be produced from the construction material, for example by successive melting and solidification of layers using radiation, which are arranged between the stationary housing parts and the rotating components of the centrifugal pump, such as the shaft. The bodies can be, for example, spheres or cylinders.

Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Variante der Erfindung sind bei den Lagerungen diese Körper zwischen einem Innenring und/oder einem Außenring angeordnet, die ebenfalls generativ aus dem Aufbaumaterial gebildet werden und gemeinsam mit den Körpern die jeweilige Lagerung bilden.In a particularly advantageous variant of the invention, these bodies are arranged between an inner ring and/or an outer ring in the bearings, which are also formed generatively from the building material and, together with the bodies, form the respective bearing.

Ergänzend oder alternativ können zwischen ruhenden und rotierenden Komponenten der Kreiselpumpe Lagerungen angeordnet sein, die nicht verfestigtes Aufbaumaterial aufweisen. Das Aufbaumaterial kann dabei als Granulat oder Pulver ausgebildet sein. Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Variante der Erfindung wird dabei kugelförmiges Aufbaumaterial eingesetzt. Durch Abrollbewegungen auf dem Aufbaumaterial wird eine preiswerte und zuverlässige Lagerung zwischen ruhenden und rotierenden Komponenten der Kreiselpumpe geschaffen.Additionally or alternatively, bearings which have non-solidified building material can be arranged between stationary and rotating components of the centrifugal pump. The building material can be in the form of granules or powder. In a particularly advantageous variant of the invention, spherical building material is used. Rolling movements on the construction material create inexpensive and reliable storage between stationary and rotating components of the centrifugal pump.

Vorzugsweise sind zwischen dem Laufrad und dem Gehäuse und/oder zwischen der Welle und dem Gehäuse und Dichtungen als weitere Komponenten angeordnet, die durch aufeinanderfolgendes Verfestigen von Schichten mittels Strahlung aus dem Aufbaumaterial hergestellt sind. Beispielsweise können beim generativen Aufbau der Kreiselpumpe aus dem Aufbaumaterial Labyrinthdichtungen herausgebildet werden. Die Dichtwirkung beruht auf der Verlängerung des Strömungsweges durch den abzudichtenden Spalt, wodurch der Strömungswiderstand wesentlich erhöht wird. Vorzugsweise wird dabei die Wegverlängerung durch ein Ineinandergreifen ("Verkämmung") von Ausformungen an rotierenden und Ausformungen an feststehenden Komponenten erzeugt. Diese Ausformungen an den jeweiligen Komponenten werden beim generativen Aufbau erzeugt.Preferably, between the impeller and the housing and/or between the shaft and the housing and seals are arranged as further components, which are produced by successive solidification of layers using radiation from the building material. For example, in the generative construction of the centrifugal pump, labyrinth seals can be formed from the construction material. The sealing effect is based on the extension of the flow path through the gap to be sealed, which significantly increases the flow resistance. Preferably, the path extension is generated by interlocking (“combing”) formations on rotating components and formations on stationary components. These shapes on the respective components are created during the generative construction.

Ergänzend oder alternativ können als Dichtungen aufeinander gleitende Bauteile ausgebildet werden, die ringförmig ausgebildet sind, wobei vorzugsweise zwei Ringe miteinander korrespondieren. Einer der beiden Ringe ist dabei einstückig aus dem Gehäuse ausgebildet. Der andere Ring wird einstückig mit einer rotierenden Komponente, beispielsweise der Welle, ausgebildet.Additionally or alternatively, components that slide on one another can be designed as seals and are annular, with preferably two rings corresponding to one another. One of the two rings is formed in one piece from the housing. The other ring is formed integrally with a rotating component, such as the shaft.

Als besonders günstig erweist es sich, wenn die einzelnen Komponenten der Kreiselpumpe unterschiedliche Eigenschaften aufweisen, die durch Variation der Strahlung generiert werden. Die Eigenschaften der einzelnen Komponenten, also beispielsweise der Welle, des Laufrades oder des Gehäuses können dabei durch Variationen der Strahlung beeinflusst werden. Durch gezielte Steuerung der lokalen Wärmeeinbringung wird bei der Generierung der Kreiselpumpe eine Modifizierung der Werkstoffeigenschaften vorgenommen. Dadurch wird eine Kreiselpumpe geschaffen aus einem chemisch-homogenen Werkstoff. Die Kreiselpumpe weist jedoch Zonen und Gefüge mit unterschiedlichen Werkstoffzuständen und damit unterschiedlicher Eigenschaften auf.It proves to be particularly advantageous if the individual components of the centrifugal pump have different properties that are generated by varying the radiation. The properties of the individual components, for example the shaft, the impeller or the housing, can be influenced by variations in the radiation. By specifically controlling the local heat input, the material properties are modified when generating the centrifugal pump. This creates a centrifugal pump made of a chemically homogeneous material. However, the centrifugal pump has zones and structures with different material states and therefore different properties.

Die auf diese Weise generierte Kreiselpumpe hat erfindungsgemäß Komponenten mit unterschiedlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften. Obwohl das Aufbaumaterial zur Generierung für die gesamte Kreiselpumpe chemisch identisch ist, werden erfindungsgemäß unterschiedliche metallische Gefüge durch eine Variation der Strahlung hergestellt. Dadurch entstehen Komponenten mit unterschiedlichen metallischen Gefügen und somit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften.According to the invention, the centrifugal pump generated in this way has components with different mechanical properties. Although the construction material for generating the entire centrifugal pump is chemically identical, according to the invention different metallic structures are produced by varying the radiation. This creates components with different metallic structures and therefore different properties.

Bei einer besonders günstigen Variante der Erfindung wird die gesamte Kreiselpumpe aus dem gleichen Aufbaumaterial, vorzugsweise in einem einzigen fortlaufenden Herstellungsprozess gefertigt.In a particularly favorable variant of the invention, the entire centrifugal pump is manufactured from the same structural material, preferably in a single, continuous manufacturing process.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht beispielsweise die generative Erzeugung von Low-Cost- bzw. Einmalprodukten.The invention enables, for example, the generative production of low-cost or one-off products.

Die Erzeugung der Kreiselpumpe erfolgt eine gezielte Steuerung des Energieeintrags beim Aufbau des Bauteils zur Änderung der mechanischen Eigenschaften im Mikrovolumen des Werkstoffs. Auf eine nachträgliche Wärmebehandlung wird verzichtet, sodass die lokal auftretenden unterschiedlichen Werkstoffzustände erhalten bleiben. Aufwendige Beschichtungen sind ebenfalls nicht mehr erforderlich.The centrifugal pump generates a targeted control of the energy input during the construction of the component in order to change the mechanical properties in the microvolume of the material. There is no subsequent heat treatment, so that the different material states that occur locally are retained. Complex coatings are also no longer necessary.

So unterscheidet sich der durch die Strahlung eingebrachte Energieeintrag in den Komponenten, die mit dem Medium in Kontakt kommen von den Komponenten, die vorwiegend tragende Eigenschaften haben. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Variation der Intensität der Strahlung erreicht werden. Auch die Scangeschwindigkeit, mit welcher der Laserstrahl über die einzelnen Pulverschichten verfährt, beeinflusst den Energieeintrag und somit das entstehende Gefüge. Komponenten, welcher tragende Eigenschaften haben, weisen dabei vorzugsweise eine größere Festigkeit.The energy input introduced by the radiation in the components that come into contact with the medium differs from the components that primarily have load-bearing properties. This can be achieved, for example, by varying the intensity of the radiation. The scanning speed at which the laser beam travels over the individual powder layers also influences the energy input and thus the resulting structure. Components that have load-bearing properties preferably have greater strength.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels anhand einer Zeichnung und aus der Zeichnung selbst.Further features and advantages of the invention result from the description of an exemplary embodiment using a drawing and from the drawing itself.

Dabei zeigt die einzige Figur eine Schnittdarstellung einer Kreiselpumpe.The only figure shows a sectional view of a centrifugal pump.

Die Figur zeigt eine Schnittdarstellung durch eine Kreiselpumpenanordnung mit einem Laufrad 1. Ein Gehäuse 2 wird generativ um das Laufrad 1 ausgeformt. Das Gehäuse 2 ist einstückig ausgebildet und weist einen Saugstutzen 3 und einen Druckstutzen 4 auf. Bei dem Gehäuse 2 handelt es sich im Ausführungsbeispiel um ein Spiralgehäuse.The figure shows a sectional view through a centrifugal pump arrangement with an impeller 1. A housing 2 is generatively formed around the impeller 1. The housing 2 is formed in one piece and has a suction port 3 and a pressure port 4. In the exemplary embodiment, the housing 2 is a spiral housing.

Das Laufrad 1 ist als Radiallaufrad ausgeführt und wird von einer Welle 5 angetrieben. Die Welle 5 wird von einem in dieser Darstellung nicht gezeigten Motor in Rotation versetzt. Laufrad 1 und Welle 5 bilden ein einstückiges Bauteil.The impeller 1 is designed as a radial impeller and is driven by a shaft 5. The shaft 5 is set in rotation by a motor not shown in this illustration. Impeller 1 and shaft 5 form a one-piece component.

Die Welle 5 ist über Lager 6 abgestützt.The shaft 5 is supported via bearings 6.

Zwischen dem Laufrad 1 und dem Gehäuse 2 sind Dichtungen 7 angeordnet.Seals 7 are arranged between the impeller 1 and the housing 2.

Zur Generierung der Kreiselpumpe werden folgende Schritte nacheinander durchgeführt:
Zunächst wird ein Metallpulver eines eisenhaltigen Werkstoffs in einer dünnen Schicht auf einer Platte aufgebracht. Im Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich bei dem Pulver um ein Pulver eines Chrommolybdänstahls.To generate the centrifugal pump, the following steps are carried out one after the other:
First, a metal powder of an iron-containing material is applied in a thin layer to a plate. In the exemplary embodiment, the powder is a powder of chrome molybdenum steel.

An den Stellen, an denen das Laufrad ausgebildet werden soll, wirkt ein Laserstrahl ein und verschmilzt die pulverförmigen Teilchen miteinander.A laser beam acts at the points where the impeller is to be formed and fuses the powdery particles together.

Nach einer Erstarrung wird die Grundplatte um den Betrag der Schichtdicke abgesenkt und erneut Pulver aufgetragen. Dieser Zyklus wird solange wiederholt, bis alle Schichten umgeschmolzen sind. Das fertige Bauteil wird vom überschüssigen Pulver gereinigt.After solidification, the base plate is lowered by the amount of the layer thickness and powder is applied again. This cycle is repeated until all layers have remelted. The finished component is cleaned of excess powder.

Die 3D-Form der Kreiselpumpe ist in einer Software als Datensatz hinterlegt. Der Laserstrahl wird von einer Steuerungseinrichtung so verfahren, dass er die Form der Kreiselpumpe durch entsprechendes selektives Aufschmelzen der jeweiligen Bereiche auf der mit Pulverschicht beschichteten Platte aufschmilzt und diese Bereiche dann erstarren.The 3D shape of the centrifugal pump is stored as a data record in software. The laser beam is moved by a control device in such a way that it melts the shape of the centrifugal pump by correspondingly selectively melting the respective areas on the plate coated with a powder layer and these areas then solidify.

Erfindungsgemäß wird der Energieeintrag so variiert, dass unterschiedliche Komponenten mit unterschiedlichen Gefügen und unterschiedlichen spezifischen Eigenschaften entstehen.According to the invention, the energy input is varied so that different components with different structures and different specific properties are created.

Claims (7)

  1. Centrifugal pump comprising at least one impeller (1), a shaft (5) and a casing (2) as components, wherein the impeller (1) is rotationally conjointly connected to the shaft (5) and the impeller (1) is at least partially surrounded by a casing (2), wherein the impeller (1) is generated as a one-piece component with the shaft (5) and the casing (2) is generated from a construction material by successive solidification of layers by means of radiation,
    characterized in that
    at least one mount (6) as further component, which is generated from the construction material by successive solidification of layers by means of radiation, is arranged between the shaft (5) and the casing (2).
  2. Centrifugal pump according to Claim 1, characterized in that the casing (2) is formed in one piece and generated around the one-piece component consisting of the impeller (1) and the shaft (5) from the construction material by successive solidification of layers by means of radiation.
  3. Centrifugal pump according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a mount (6), which comprises non-solidified construction material in the form of granular material and/or powder, is arranged between the shaft (5) and the casing (2).
  4. Centrifugal pump according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that and at least one seal (7) as further component, which is produced from the construction material by successive solidification of layers by means of radiation, is arranged between the impeller (1) and the casing (2) and/or between the shaft (5) and the casing (2).
  5. Centrifugal pump according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that components of the centrifugal pump have different properties generated by varying the radiation.
  6. Method for producing a centrifugal pump according to one of Claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
    - applying a layer of a construction material to a substrate,
    - selectively causing radiation to act on the layer,
    wherein the impeller (1) is generated as a one-piece component with the shaft (5) and the casing (2) is generated from the construction material by successive solidification of layers by means of radiation,
    characterized in that
    - at least one mount (6) as further component, which is generated from the construction material by successive solidification of layers by means of radiation, is arranged between the shaft (5) and the casing (2).
  7. Method according to Claim 6, characterized in that components with different properties are generated by selectively varying the radiation.
EP17765122.1A 2016-09-08 2017-09-01 Centrifugal pump Active EP3510289B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102016217110.0A DE102016217110A1 (en) 2016-09-08 2016-09-08 rotary pump
PCT/EP2017/071990 WO2018046405A1 (en) 2016-09-08 2017-09-01 Centrifugal pump

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EP3510289C0 EP3510289C0 (en) 2024-03-20
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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017127629A1 (en) * 2016-01-22 2017-07-27 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Turbopump with a single piece housing and a smooth enamel glass surface

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3731161C2 (en) 1987-09-17 1996-12-12 Klein Schanzlin & Becker Ag Centrifugal pump impeller
AT413580B (en) 1999-06-10 2006-04-15 Tcg Unitech Ag ROTARY PUMP
DE10354750A1 (en) 2003-11-21 2005-06-23 Siemens Ag Method for producing an impeller for a centrifugal pump
ITFI20120035A1 (en) * 2012-02-23 2013-08-24 Nuovo Pignone Srl "IMPELLER PRODUCTION FOR TURBO-MACHINES"
US20140169971A1 (en) 2012-12-18 2014-06-19 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Additively manufactured impeller
DE102015202417A1 (en) * 2015-02-11 2016-08-11 Ksb Aktiengesellschaft Stömungsführendes component

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017127629A1 (en) * 2016-01-22 2017-07-27 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Turbopump with a single piece housing and a smooth enamel glass surface

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EP3510289C0 (en) 2024-03-20
WO2018046405A1 (en) 2018-03-15
DE102016217110A1 (en) 2018-03-08
BR112019004506A2 (en) 2019-05-28
EP3510289A1 (en) 2019-07-17

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