EP3510257A1 - Système mécanique de production d'énergie mécanique à partir d'azote liquide, et procédé correspondant - Google Patents
Système mécanique de production d'énergie mécanique à partir d'azote liquide, et procédé correspondantInfo
- Publication number
- EP3510257A1 EP3510257A1 EP17784668.0A EP17784668A EP3510257A1 EP 3510257 A1 EP3510257 A1 EP 3510257A1 EP 17784668 A EP17784668 A EP 17784668A EP 3510257 A1 EP3510257 A1 EP 3510257A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- compressed
- exchanger
- air
- expander
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
- F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
- F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0157—Compressors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/038—Treating the boil-off by recovery with expanding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a system and method for producing mechanical energy from liquid nitrogen and / or producing liquid nitrogen or other liquefied gas.
- the invention relates to an energy storage system in the form of liquid nitrogen or other liquid gases such as air.
- WO-Al-2014/154715 discloses a reversible mechanical system that can operate in two modes, namely:
- liquid nitrogen generating mode during the implementation of which liquid nitrogen is produced and stored
- the system comprises a piston compressor in which nitrogen gas is admitted to be compressed.
- the compressed nitrogen is introduced into an exchanger in which it is cooled before being admitted to a piston expander in which it is expanded and partly liquefied.
- the liquid nitrogen produced is stored.
- the non-liquefied nitrogen within the expander is admitted into the heat exchanger to cool the compressed nitrogen gas from the compressor back into the compressor.
- liquid nitrogen pumped under high pressure, is vaporized in an exchanger and then admitted to a first piston regulator (which acts as a regulator where liquid nitrogen is formed in generator mode) and then to a second pressure regulator.
- piston which acts as a low pressure compressor in generator mode.
- the pistons are connected to the same crankshaft which is rotated due to the expansion, inside the regulators, vaporized nitrogen.
- the invention particularly aims to provide an effective solution to at least some of these different problems.
- an object of the invention is to increase the motor mode efficiency of a mechanical mechanical energy production system from liquid nitrogen or other liquefied gas.
- Another object of the invention is, according to at least one embodiment, to increase the efficiency in generator mode of a mechanical system for producing liquid nitrogen or other liquefied gas.
- the invention aims, according to at least one embodiment, to provide such a system that is simple and / or effective and / or robust and / or cheap.
- Another objective of the invention is, in at least one embodiment, to increase the overall efficiency and to reduce the cost of the energy storage system both in terms of storage and in terms of energy restitution. the combination of the three objectives mentioned above.
- the invention proposes a mechanical energy production system comprising at least:
- system having an engine operating mode wherein said system further comprises:
- nitrogen gas or liquid means essentially composed of nitrogen but may include a small proportion of other elements and a lower oxygen content but sufficient if it is desired to make a combustion.
- the nitrogen content of the fluid in question will preferably be between 90 and 98%.
- the invention can be used as a simple and economical air liquefier and for use other than energy storage.
- the cooling of air or nitrogen gas in the exchanger followed by a compression preferably adiabatic and then a relaxation thereof, with a supply of heat energy before and / or during the expansion, with a much larger volume, for example of the order of four times, produces an additional mechanical energy.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a diagram of a system for producing mechanical energy from liquid nitrogen according to a simplified variant of the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram of a system for producing mechanical energy from liquid nitrogen according to an advanced variant of the invention
- FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate heating or cooling means upstream and in a respectively single or staged expander or compressor;
- FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of a system for producing liquid nitrogen according to the advanced variant of the invention
- FIG. 6 illustrates a logic diagram of a method for producing mechanical energy according to the invention
- FIG. 7 illustrates a logic diagram of the start-up phase of a process for producing liquid nitrogen according to the invention
- FIGS. 8 and 8a illustrate the stabilized operating phase of a liquid nitrogen production process according to the invention
- FIG. 9 illustrates a variant of a system according to the advanced variant of the invention comprising several compressors or expansion valves;
- FIG. 10 illustrates a variant of a system according to the simplified variant of the invention comprising a stepped compressor / expander with two low pressure expansion chambers.
- the invention relates to a mechanical system for producing mechanical energy from liquid nitrogen.
- Such a system comprises a pipeline 300 of liquid nitrogen under pressure which opens into a liquid nitrogen inlet 301 of a heat exchanger 302.
- the heat exchanger 302 comprises a vaporized and heated nitrogen outlet 303 which is connected by a line 304 to a heated vaporized nitrogen inlet 305 of a compressor / expander 306.
- the heat exchanger 302 includes a water inlet 305. ambient air 311.
- the exchanger 302 is crossed by the pipe 302 'which leaves the inlet 301 of the exchanger to the outlet 303 of the exchanger.
- the pipe 302 ' serves as a heat exchange surface in the exchanger with the fluid that passes through it internally, liquid nitrogen and the fluid that travels externally, air or nitrogen. It may consist of a set of plates stacked on each other and which form ducts or even consist of multiple ducts connected to the inlet 301 and the outlet 303 of the exchanger.
- the compressor / expander 306 includes an exhaust outlet 307 of air or expanded nitrogen gas. It comprises an inlet 308 of cooled air which is connected by a pipe 309 to a cooled air outlet 310 of the exchanger 302.
- the compressor / expander 306 may for example be a system comprising at least one piston 314 movable in a chamber 315 and connected to a crankshaft 316 by a connecting rod 317.
- This crankshaft may for example be connected to an alternator 318 to produce electric current, serve to set in motion a vehicle or other.
- the piston of the compressor / expander can be connected to a linear electric motor or alternator.
- the system comprises means for heating the vaporized nitrogen before admission into the expander 306 or reheating inside the expander 306. They may include a heater 500 placed on the pipe 304. They may alternatively or in addition comprise means fluid injection 313 in the expander to ensure reheating.
- the inlet 311 can be connected directly to another outlet of nitrogen under pressure (residual pressure of the expansion element) 312 of the compressor / expander 306 by means of a pipe 31.
- this reduces the size of the system (including the exchanger 302, the compressor / expander 306).
- the compressor / pressure reducer 306 (FIG. 1) can be staggered to compress or relax several times at different pressures, according to the principle shown in FIG. 4.
- Several expansion valves / compressors (Two or more) can thus be implemented with means to admit in a compressor / expander the fluid from another expander / compressor to relax or compress at a different pressure than in the previous.
- the high-pressure compressor / pressure reducer will include in addition to an additional orifice with the pipe that connects it to an additional orifice of the low-pressure regulator, the intake ports 308, and 305, the compressor pressure reducer / low pressure will include the exhaust ports 312 and 307 (each of the ports 308, 305, 312, 307 being connected to their respective pipe according to Figure 1).
- the second low pressure stage may comprise two expansions 306 'and 306 "each connected to the high pressure stage by lines 400 and 400 'themselves connected to the orifices 600, 601, 602, 603.
- One of the low pressure regulators may include an exhaust in the open by the outlet 307 and the other low pressure regulator, an exhaust through the outlet 312 which can be connected to the inlet of the exchanger 311 by the pipe 311 'as indicated in a previous variant.
- the means for reheating the vaporized nitrogen before admission into a pressure reducer or reheating inside a pressure reducer can be arranged in each of the pressure reducing valves and alternatively or in addition to the intake pipe of each two.
- the external heaters 500, 501 and 502 are placed on the pipes 304, 400 and 400 ', the internal heaters 313, 313' and 313 "are placed inside the compressor / expander 306, 306 ' and 306 ".
- heating means can for example be provided by direct injection of an energy fluid such as gasoline with a combustion or by a fluid having a large specific heat such as water.
- an energy fluid such as gasoline
- a combustion or by a fluid having a large specific heat such as water.
- the reheating is done outside the expander, it can be obtained by means of a heat exchanger heated by a coolant itself heated by a heat source: solar concentration, gas or gas combustion.
- This reheating increases the volume of gas to relax and decreases the liquid nitrogen consumption for the same amount of mechanical energy produced.
- a pressure sensor P is optionally placed on the pipe 31 and a temperature probe T ° is optionally placed on the pipe 304.
- Such a system comprises a liquid nitrogen tank 10.
- This reservoir 10 comprises a liquid nitrogen outlet 11 which is connected to a pipe 12 between two portions of which is placed a pump 13.
- the pump 13 can be placed in the tank 10. It is optional the pressure that can be obtained by the heating the tank for example.
- the pipe 12 opens into a valve 14.
- the valve 14 comprises an outlet which is connected by a pipe 15 to the liquid nitrogen inlet inlet 160 of a heat exchanger 16.
- the valve 14 is optional and the pipes 12 and 15 may constitute a single pipe when the valve 14 will not be implemented.
- the heat exchanger 16 comprises a heated vaporized nitrogen outlet 161.
- the heat exchanger 16 is crossed by the pipe 16 'which starts from the inlet 160 of the heat exchanger to the outlet 161 of the heat exchanger.
- the pipe 16 ' serves as a heat exchange surface in the exchanger with the fluid that passes internally therethrough, the liquid nitrogen and the fluid that travels externally, air or nitrogen. It may consist of a set of plates stacked on each other and which form ducts or even consist of multiple ducts connected to the inlet 160 and the outlet 161 of the exchanger.
- the heated vaporized nitrogen outlet 161 is connected to a pipe 17 which opens at the vaporized nitrogen inlet 180 of a pressure reducer 18 and optionally carries a temperature probe " ⁇ .
- the heat exchanger 16 comprises an air intake inlet 162 preferably at room temperature or below.
- This input 162 can optionally and alternatively be connected by a pipe 19 to an outlet optional nitrogen gas under pressure (residual pressure of the expansion) 181 of the regulator 18.
- the heat exchanger 16 includes an outlet 163 of cooled air or nitrogen. This output is connected to a pipe 20 which opens into a valve 21.
- the pipe 20 optionally comprises a temperature probe T.
- the valve 21 is connected by a pipe 22 to a cooled intake of air or nitrogen 230 of an adiabatic compressor 23.
- the valve 21 is optional and the pipes 20 and 22 may constitute a single pipe when the valve 21 will not be implemented.
- the adiabatic compressor 23 comprises an outlet 232 of compressed air or nitrogen.
- the compressed air or nitrogen outlet 232 is connected by a line 24 to a compressed air or nitrogen inlet 182 of the expander 18.
- the expander 18 comprises a gaseous nitrogen exhaust outlet 183.
- the valve 14 is optionally connected to an optional line 25 which is connected to an optional orifice 231 of the adiabatic compressor 23.
- the valve 21 is optionally connected to an optional line 26 , connected to an optional port 1, of the optional liquid nitrogen tank 10.
- the expander 18 and the adiabatic compressor 23 each comprise a drive shaft 184, 233.
- the system comprises an output shaft 27. This can for example be connected to an alternator 28 to produce electric current, used to set a vehicle in motion or the like.
- the drive shaft 184 of the expander 18 is or is connected to the output shaft 27 of the system directly or by a transmission.
- the drive shaft 184 of the expander 18 is preferably connected to that of the adiabatic compressor 23 directly or by a transmission so that the adiabatic compressor 23 is driven by the expander 18.
- auxiliary drive means must be placed implemented to drive the drive shaft of the compressor 23.
- the drive shaft 233 of the compressor 23, the drive shaft 184 of the expander 18 and the output shaft 27 of the system can constitute one and same shaft, as shown in Figure 2.
- the expander drives in motion both the adiabatic compressor and the output shaft.
- the expander 18 and the adiabatic compressor 23 each comprise one or more pistons 185, 235 mounted movable in translation in one or more chambers 186, 236 and connected by means of connecting rods 187, 237 to a crankshaft 188, 238.
- the crankshaft of the regulator constitutes the regulator drive shaft and the compressor crankshaft constitute the drive shaft of the compressor.
- the compressor and the expander preferentially share the same crankshaft which is or is connected to the output shaft of the system.
- the expander and the compressor may each consist of a turbine comprising a stator housing a rotor respectively comprising the drive shaft of the expander and the drive shaft of the compressor.
- the rotor shaft of the compressor, the rotor shaft of the holder and the output shaft may be a single tree.
- the pistons of the compressor and / or the regulator can be connected to a linear electric motor or alternator.
- the compressor and the expander may allow relaxation and / or staged compression.
- the compressor and the expander will be staged to compress or relax in several times at different pressures, according to the principle shown in Figure 4.
- Several regulators / compressors (two or more) can thus be implemented with means to admit in a compressor / expander the fluid from another compressor expander to relax or compress at a different pressure than in the previous.
- the system according to the invention obviously comprises control means for controlling the opening and closing of the various orifices (inputs, outputs) of the expander and the compressor in order to synchronize these cycles and their different phases (admission, expansion, compression, exhaust).
- control means for controlling the opening and closing of the various orifices (inputs, outputs) of the expander and the compressor in order to synchronize these cycles and their different phases (admission, expansion, compression, exhaust).
- the system comprises means for heating the vaporized nitrogen and / or compressed air or nitrogen gas before admission into the expander or reheating inside the expander.
- such reheating means comprise an external heating system 40 placed on the pipes 17 and / or 24. They may alternatively or additionally comprise an internal heating system 41 allowing the injection of fluid into the regulator that ensures warming.
- the heating means increase the temperature of the gas for example by the direct injection of a hot fluid such as water without combustion or a combustion fluid such as gasoline.
- a hot fluid such as water without combustion or a combustion fluid such as gasoline.
- the reheating is done outside the expander, it can be obtained by means of a heat exchanger heated by a coolant itself heated by a heat source: solar concentration, combustion gas or gasoline . It may also be a system for heating the walls of the regulator. This is applicable as part of the simplified version.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a variant according to which the expander is staggered, that is to say that it comprises several regulators 18, 18 'placed in series, the exhaust gas vaporized partially expanded 181 of one (18 ) being connected to the partially expanded vaporized nitrogen inlet 180 'of the other (18') via a pipe 42.
- the inlet / outlet 18 (optionally connected to the orifice 162 of the exchanger 16 via the pipe 19 ) and 183 are arranged in the low-pressure expander 18 'and the inlets / outlets 180 and 182 are arranged in the high-pressure expander 18.
- the heating means comprise an external heating system 40 placed on the pipes 17 and / or 24. They may alternatively or additionally comprise an internal heating system 41 for injecting fluid into the expander (hot fluid like water without combustion inside the regulator or fluid with combustion inside the regulator) which ensures the heating. They may also include an external heating system 43 placed on the pipe or ducts 42 and / or an internal heating system 44 (of the system type 41) placed in the regulator (s) 18 '. It may also be a system for heating the walls of the regulators or regulators.
- a system such as that described in connection with FIG. 4 can also make it possible to produce a staged compressor by placing a plurality of compressors 18 'and 18 in series.
- the internal and / or external heating means are in makes cooling means.
- these two pipes can be connected and lead into the same and single inlet 180 or 182.
- two regulators can be implemented, one in which opens the pipe 17 and the other in which opens the pipe 24.
- the expansion of the cooled air or nitrogen may take place after compression in the compressor 23 which will then act as a pressure reducer after the compression phase.
- the mechanical energy due to the expansion inside the compressor 23 will then be recovered at its drive shaft.
- the compressor 23, which will then be a compressor / pressure reducer, will comprise an additional orifice 234 for the exhaust of compressed air or cold nitrogen therein and heating means in the expander / compressor and / or on the pipe 24 .
- the tank, lines and valve connected to it are optional. What is important is that the system comprises a liquid nitrogen inlet for connection to a liquid nitrogen feed device under pressure.
- the amount of liquid nitrogen to be introduced into the pipes 302 'and 304 for this start-up phase is related to the volume thereof and the desired pressure (approximately 200/300 bar).
- the start-up phase is followed by a launch phase of the engine and then a stabilized operating phase during which the pressure in the pipes 302 ', 304 is regulated so as to maintain it at a determined pressure level while playing. on the amount of liquid nitrogen admitted through the orifice
- the piston is initially at the top dead center, the inlet 305 is open, the orifices 308, 307 and, where appropriate, 312 are closed.
- the orifices 301 and 303 are also open throughout the launching phase and the stabilized operating phase.
- Liquid nitrogen is admitted (step 501) under pressure (about 200/300 bar) and about -195 ° C. via the pipe 300 into the inlet inlet 301 of the exchanger 302 and then the pipe 302 '.
- step 502 by the air circulating in the exchanger and is thus vaporized and heated to a temperature close to ambient temperature (step 502). This has the effect of cooling the ambient air in the exchanger to a temperature close to the temperature of the liquid nitrogen which has been introduced (-195 ° C.) (step 53). About 1.7 kg of ambient air is required to carry 1 kg of liquid nitrogen at room temperature.
- a step 504 of admission, in the expander 306, of vaporized nitrogen and heated to a temperature close to ambient temperature is implemented.
- the nitrogen vaporized and warmed to room temperature escaping from the heat exchanger 302 by the vaporized nitrogen outlet 303 is conveyed into the expander 306 via the pipe 304 and the open inlet 305.
- steps 501 to 504 are simultaneous.
- the vaporized nitrogen introduced into the expander 306 undergoes a step 505 of relaxation inducing the descent of the piston towards its bottom dead point and the setting in motion of the crankshaft: this set in motion constitutes a step 507 of mechanical energy recovery.
- a reheating step 602 of the nitrogen will be carried out before admission (approximately 300/600 ° C.) and / or during expansion (approximately 20 to 140 ° C. if injection of fluid without combustion) so as to preferentially an exhaust temperature equal to or greater than the ambient temperature.
- the heating means 500 and / or 313 will be implemented. If the reheating takes place before the admission, the relaxation will be preferably adiabatic, if the reheating takes place during the relaxation, the relaxation will be preferentially isothermal.
- the inlet 305 closes and the outlet 307 opens to allow the expanded nitrogen of the expander 306 (step 506) to escape when the piston returns to its top dead center.
- Exhaust outlet 307 closes. The engine launch phase ends as the stabilized operating phase begins.
- the stabilized operating phase begins with the choice of a trigger mode operation or a compression mode operation.
- a step 65 of choosing a trigger mode or a compression mode is implemented.
- this step 65 of choice consists in measuring the nitrogen temperature inside the pipe 300 at the outlet 303 of the exchanger or the pipe 304.
- the process will continue by an implementation of the relaxation mode.
- the expansion mode comprises a step 50 for admitting the pressurized liquid nitrogen (about 200/300 bar) and at about -195 ° C. via the pipe 300 into the inlet inlet 301 of the exchanger 302 and then the pipe 302 '.
- the liquid nitrogen close to -195 ° C. is heated inside the exchanger 302 by the air circulating in the exchanger and is thus vaporized and heated to reach a temperature close to ambient temperature (step 52). This has the effect of cooling the ambient air in the exchanger to a temperature close to the temperature of the liquid nitrogen which has been introduced (-195 ° C.) (step 53). About 1.7 kg of ambient air is required to carry 1 kg of liquid nitrogen at room temperature.
- a step 54 of admission, in the expander 306, of vaporized nitrogen and heated to a temperature close to ambient temperature is implemented.
- the nitrogen vaporized and warmed to room temperature escaping from the heat exchanger 302 by the vaporized nitrogen outlet 303 is conveyed into the expander 306 via the pipe 304 and the open inlet 305.
- steps 51 to 54 are simultaneous.
- the vaporized nitrogen introduced into the regulator 306 undergoes there a step 55 of relaxation inducing the descent of the piston towards its bottom dead point and the setting in motion of the crankshaft: this setting in motion constitutes a step 57 of recovery of mechanical energy.
- a reheating step 62 of the nitrogen will be carried out before admission (about 300/600 ° C.) and / or during expansion (about 20 to 140 ° C. if injection of fluid without combustion) so as to have a exhaust temperature preferably equal to or greater than ambient temperature.
- the heating means 500 and / or 313 will be implemented. If the reheating takes place before the admission, the relaxation will be preferably adiabatic, if the reheating takes place during the relaxation, the relaxation will be preferentially isothermal.
- the inlet 305 closes and the outlet 307 opens to allow the exhaust of the expanded nitrogen of the expander 306 (step 56) during the ascent of the piston to its top dead center.
- the compression mode includes simultaneous implementation of the following steps:
- step 53 the piston moves back to its bottom dead center.
- the cooled ambient air leaving the exchanger 302 through the outlet 310 undergoes a step 53 'of admission into the compressor 306 flowing in the pipe 309 and through the inlet 308 of the compressor.
- Input 308 closes and the piston rises to its top dead center.
- the cold air (-195 ° approximately) then undergoes a step 58 adiabatic compression (with a pressure ratio of about 50) while the piston back to its top dead center in the compressor 302.
- This adiabatic compression has the effect to increase the temperature of the air to the ambient temperature.
- a reheat step 63 of the air will be implemented during the relaxation so that it is preferably isothermal. For this, the heating means 313 will be implemented.
- a new step 65 of choice of the trigger mode or the compressor mode is implemented, then a new cycle is initiated.
- the step 65 of choice between the compression mode and the expansion mode is optimized by controlling the temperature of the vaporized nitrogen at the outlet of the exchanger.
- this step 65 can be replaced by a programming of the sequencing of the expansion and compression modes as a function of the need for heating of the liquid nitrogen and based on the quantity of air necessary for the heating and the vaporization of liquid nitrogen.
- crankshaft of the pressure reducer 306 may, for example, make it possible to drive an alternator in rotation in order to produce electric current or to move a vehicle.
- the escape step 56 (506) consists in evacuating the expanded nitrogen no longer through the outlet 307, but through the outlet 312, (the exit via the outlet 307 occurs alternately with the exit 312 when the pressure in the pipe 311 ', which constitutes a buffer tank, has reached a predetermined pressure threshold, if the pressure is sufficient in the pipe 31, the exhaust takes place in the open air through the orifice 307, if the pressure in the pipe 31 is insufficient, the exhaust takes place via the outlet 312 in the pipe 311 ').
- the other advantage of this variant is that if the exhaust gas is recovered at about 6 bar and the pressure ratio of 50 is applied for the adiabatic compression of the cold nitrogen, we are left with a large amount nitrogen at 300 bar at room temperature in the compression chamber (when the piston reaches the top dead center).
- This high-pressure gas can therefore be released through the orifice 305 to store it momentarily in the pipe 304, where the vaporized liquid nitrogen is located which is at the same pressure of 300 bar and at the same temperature, and then continues. later by several gas detents from the pipe 304 before making a new compression.
- the fact of reintroducing the new compressed gases into the pipe 304 possibly makes it possible to implement the external heating step 62.
- the inlet 305 opens so that all or part of the compressed air or nitrogen flows into the pipe 304 where it joins the vaporized nitrogen under pressure (step 400 exhaust). If all air or compressed nitrogen flows into line 304, the cycle continues with step 54. If only a portion of the air or compressed nitrogen flows into the Line 304, the cycle continues with step 59.
- the compression of the cold gas from the exchanger can generate the production of a too large volume of compressed gas in the compressor. This volume is so important that it is not possible to completely relax thereafter except to admit a smaller quantity of cold gas, or to release in the ambient air gases still under pressure, which reduces the effectiveness of the system.
- the compressor / expander is stepped with a high pressure chamber and a low pressure chamber and which can be combined with the variant according to which the inlet 311 of the heat exchanger is connected to the outlet 312 of the pressure reducer / compressor through the pipe 31, the compression of the cold air from the exchanger (step 58) can be done only in the high pressure chamber, after which part of the compressed cold air escapes from the compressor to join vaporized nitrogen heated in line 304 (step 400) while the other part is directly relaxed in the high pressure chamber before joining the low pressure chamber to be completely relaxed (step 59).
- the high pressure compressor / pressure reducer will comprise the orifices 308, and 305
- the low pressure expansion compressor will comprise the orifices 312 and 307.
- the two compressors will each comprise an additional orifice connected by a pipe acting as a buffer tank and may include a heater.
- the low pressure stage may comprise two expansions, one of which may comprise an exhaust in the open air through the outlet 307 and the other an exhaust through the outlet 312 connected to the inlet of the exchanger 311 through the pipe 31.
- the exhaust will therefore take place simultaneously in the open air and in the pipe 31.
- This last variant which has 3 cylinders can be converted into a liquid nitrogen generator according to the general indications expressed in the liquid nitrogen generator part according to the variant or the compressor may be staged. For this we will use the low pressure compressor / pressure reducer 306 'and the high pressure regulator 306 in isothermal staged compressor while the low pressure regulator 313 "will be used as a pressure reducer.
- the method described in this paragraph corresponds to the implementation of the advanced version of the system described in connection with Figure 2 in a variant in which the pressure reducers and compressor each comprise a sleeve-piston assembly whose piston is connected to a crankshaft.
- the amount of liquid nitrogen to be introduced into the pipes 16 'and 17 for this start-up phase is related to the volume of these and the desired pressure (for example 300 bar).
- the start-up phase also requires the line 24 to be put under a pressure of approximately 50 bar (300 bar if exhaust gas recovery option at 6 bar) during the first turns and to the extent that the volume of the pipe represents a certain amount volume relative to the cylinder capacity of the compressor.
- the start-up and thus the pressurization of this pipe makes it possible to reach the compression ratio necessary for the heating of the cold gas, during the stabilized operation, which comes from the exchanger, by the adiabatic compression in the compressor.
- the start-up phase is followed by a stabilized operating phase during which the pressure in the pipe 16 ', 17 is regulated so as to maintain it at a determined pressure level by varying the amount of liquid nitrogen admitted by the orifice 160 of the exchanger and with respect to the amount of air or nitrogen gas admitted into the exchanger.
- the pressure in the pipe 24 is also regulated for example by a measurement of the pressure inside thereof and by varying the amount of gas which enters through the orifice 232 of the compressor and which leaves through the orifice 282 of the regulator.
- the orifices 160 and 161 are open.
- the regulator piston is initially in top dead center, port 180 is open.
- the orifices 183, 181 and 182 are closed.
- the method comprises a stage of vaporization of liquid nitrogen, in the heat exchanger 16 in which ambient air or nitrogen passes substantially at ambient temperature and still under pressure from the expander 18 and which is cooled during its passage through the exchanger 16 through the pipe 16 '.
- the gaseous nitrogen obtained during the vaporization which, given the pressure, is in a critical phase (vapor / liquid), is heated before being expanded.
- liquid nitrogen at approximately -195T is taken from the reservoir
- the liquid nitrogen in the pipe 16 ' is heated inside the exchanger 16 by the air circulating in the exchanger and is vaporized therein (vaporization step 52) and reheated to a temperature close to room temperature , while the air circulating in the exchanger is cooled (step 53) to a temperature close to the temperature at which the liquid nitrogen is introduced into the exchanger (-195 ° C approximately).
- the method then comprises a step 54 of admission, in the expander 18, vaporized nitrogen from the exchanger 16 and which is at a pressure close to about 300 bar and at a temperature for example close to room temperature .
- the vaporized nitrogen escaping from the heat exchanger 16 through the vaporized nitrogen outlet 161 is conveyed into the expander 18 via the pipe 17 and the vaporized nitrogen inlet 180 which opens while the regulator piston is in the top dead center.
- steps 50, 52 and 54 take place simultaneously.
- the vaporized nitrogen introduced into the expander 18 undergoes a step 55 of relaxation inducing a displacement of the piston towards its bottom dead point, and the setting in motion of the drive shaft 184 of the expander, that is to say to say of the crankshaft. This corresponds to a mechanical energy recovery step 57.
- a reheating step 62 (between 300 ° C. and 600 ° C.) of the nitrogen will be carried out before admission and / or during expansion (10 ° C. to 140 ° C. if injection of fluid without combustion). For this, the heating means 40 and / or 41 will be implemented.
- the exit 183 opens and the piston returns to the top dead center.
- the vaporized and then expanded nitrogen then undergoes an escape step 56 via the exit 183.
- the outlet 181 opens alternately with the exhaust outlet to the open air 183, so as to obtain a constant pressure (about 1 to 6 bars) in the network between the orifice 181 and the orifice 230 and to ensure the escape step 56.
- the nitrogen from outlet 181 of the regulator is admitted under pressure (about 1 to 6 bar) via line 19 into the inlet 162 in the exchanger 16 during the admission step 51, rather than ambient air.
- pressure in the pipe 19 is sufficient the exhaust takes place through the orifice 183 in the open air.
- the implementation of this variant requires a start-up step during which the liquid nitrogen, vaporized, heated and expanded in the expander, escapes into the pipe 19 through the orifice 181 (step 56) without being admitted into the compressor. This step is repeated until the pressure in the network between the orifice 181 and the orifice 230 reaches a predetermined pressure threshold, for example 1 to 6 bar. In stabilized operation the exhaust alternately takes place through the orifice 183 or 181 so as to maintain the desired pressure in the network between the orifice 181 and 230.
- a predetermined pressure threshold for example 1 to 6 bar.
- the liquid nitrogen is then heated inside the exchanger 16 by the nitrogen coming from the expander circulating in the exchanger, the nitrogen coming from the expander being cooled therein during step 53.
- Admission into the nitrogen exchanger under pressure from the expander rather than ambient air increases the efficiency of the exchanger and thus reduce the size of the system.
- the cooled air or nitrogen leaving the exchanger 16 via the outlet 163 undergoes an intake step 53 'in the compressor 23, flowing in the pipes 20, 22 and passing through the inlet 230 of the compressor .
- the inlet 230 opens as the piston of the compressor passes from the top dead center to the bottom dead point and the piston of the regulator passes from the bottom dead center to the top dead center during the exhaust stage 56.
- steps 51, 53 and 53 take place simultaneously.
- Input 230 closes and the piston returns to the top dead center.
- the cooled air or nitrogen undergoes a compression step 58 in the compressor 23.
- This compression is preferably adiabatic and has the effect of heating the gas which is at a temperature close to -195 ° C., for example, up to temperature close to the ambient temperature due to compression.
- the output 232 opens and compressed air or nitrogen then escapes from the compressor (with a temperature close to the ambient temperature for example and which is due to compression) and then flows into the pipe 24 acting as a buffer tank during an exhaust step 58 '.
- the orifice 232 closes and the piston of the compressor returns to its bottom dead point while the orifice 182 opens so that this air or compressed nitrogen undergoes a step 54 'of admission into the regulator through the inlet 182. It undergoes a detent step 59 inducing the descent of the regulator piston to its bottom dead point and the setting in motion of the drive shaft 184 of the expander (step 61) and exhaust (step 60) when raising the piston to its top dead center while the opening 183 opens.
- a step of reheating 62 of the nitrogen will be carried out before admission and / or during relaxation.
- the heating means 40 and / or 41 will be implemented.
- the admission into the vaporized nitrogen expander and the compressed air or nitrogen inlet may be simultaneous.
- These pipes can also be connected together to achieve admission in one step and at a single point of entry.
- the pressures in these two pipes are different, the expansion of vaporized nitrogen and the expansion of air or compressed nitrogen will be offset in time, the first expansion taking place with the fluid at higher pressure flowing in them. and the next with the lower pressure fluid flowing therein.
- the setting in motion of the crankshaft or more generally of the drive shaft 184 of the expander 18 due to the expansion of the vaporized nitrogen coming from the exchanger and the compressed air or nitrogen coming from the compressor constitutes a stage of recovery (or production) of mechanical energy.
- the setting in motion of the drive shaft 184 of the expander 18 may for example allow rotation of an alternator 28 to produce electric current or to move a vehicle.
- the drive shaft of the regulator and that of the compressor are connected or constitutes the same shaft, the mechanical energy generated by the expander allows to animate the compressor.
- drive means of the compressor must be implemented, such as an electric motor or other.
- the orifice 232 opens so that all or part of the compressed air or nitrogen flows into the pipe 24 which acts as a buffer pipe.
- the compressed air or nitrogen present in the pipe 24 could be partly expanded in the expander 23 and partly in the expander 18.
- the cycle comprises an expansion in the expander 23 of this air or compressed nitrogen and then an exhaust through the orifice 234 .
- the set of pipes and the heat exchanger preferably constitute buffer tanks so as to have the different fluids required for each step. This will easily synchronize the different steps of the process.
- the invention relates to a mechanical system for producing liquid nitrogen.
- Such a system comprises an isothermal compressor 18.
- This compressor 18 comprises:
- the first compressed air or nitrogen outlet 180 is connected by a pipe 17 to the compressed air or nitrogen inlet 161 of a heat exchanger 16.
- the heat exchanger 16 comprises a compressed or cooled air or nitrogen outlet 160. This outlet 160 is connected to a pipe 15 connected to a valve 14.
- the exchanger 16 is crossed by the pipe 16 'which starts from the inlet 161 of the exchanger to the outlet 160 of the exchanger.
- the pipe 16 ' serves as a heat exchange surface in the exchanger with the fluid that flows internally, the compressed nitrogen and the fluid that flows externally cold nitrogen from the expander 23.
- the pipe 16' can be consists of a set of plates stacked on each other and which form conduits or be constituted by multiple pipes connected, therefore, to the inlet 161 and the outlet 160 of the exchanger.
- the valve 14 is connected by a pipe 25 to an inlet 231 of compressed or cooled air or nitrogen of a pressure reducer 23.
- the valve 14 is connected to a pipe 12 on which is mounted a pump 13 and which is connected to a liquid nitrogen outlet 11 of the tank 10.
- the valve 14 and the pipe 12, the pump 13 and the outlet 11 are optional and are not useful for producing liquid nitrogen.
- the expander 23 comprises an inlet 232 of air or compressed nitrogen which is connected by a pipe 24 to the second compressed air or nitrogen outlet 182 of the compressor 18.
- the expander 23 comprises an outlet 230 of a mixture of liquid nitrogen and non-liquefied nitrogen. This output 230 is connected to a pipe 22 which opens into a valve 21.
- the valve 21 includes means for separating a liquid phase and a gas phase.
- the valve 21 comprises an outlet connected by a pipe 26 to the liquid nitrogen inlet 11 'of the liquid nitrogen tank 10.
- the valve 21 has an outlet connected to a pipe 20 which opens at the inlet of non-liquefied nitrogen 163 of the heat exchanger 16.
- the heat exchanger 16 comprises a heated non-liquefied nitrogen outlet 162 which is connected by a pipe 19 to the non-liquefied nitrogen inlet 181 of the compressor 18.
- the expander 23 and the compressor 18 each comprise a drive shaft 233, 184.
- the system comprises an output shaft 27.
- the system comprises driving means for driving the drive shafts, such as for example an electric or wind motor 28.
- the drive shaft of the expander is preferably connected to that of the compressor so that the drive means are common to the compressor and the expander.
- the compressor drive shaft, the expander drive shaft and the output shaft of the system may be one and the same shaft.
- the drive means are then connected to the output shaft and may for example include an electric motor 28 or wind.
- the compressor and / or the regulator may be staggered to compress or relax in several times at different pressures, according to the principle shown in FIG. 4. Several regulators / compressors (two or more) may thus be implemented with means for admit in a compressor / expander the fluid from another compressor expander to relax or compress at a different pressure than in the previous.
- the expander 18 and the compressor 23 each comprise one or more pistons 185, 235 mounted movable in translation in one or more chambers 186, 236 and connected to the connecting rod means 187, 237 to a crankshaft 188, 238.
- the crankshaft of the regulator constitutes the The drive shaft of the pressure reducer and the crankshaft of the compressor constitute the drive shaft of the compressor.
- the pistons of the compressor and / or the regulator can be connected to a linear electric motor or alternator.
- the compressor and the expander preferentially share the same crankshaft which is or is connected to the output shaft of the system.
- the expander and the compressor may each consist of a turbine comprising a stator housing a rotor respectively comprising the drive shaft of the expander and the drive shaft of the compressor.
- the rotor shaft of the compressor, the rotor shaft of the holder and the output shaft may be a single tree.
- the system comprises means for cooling the compressed nitrogen in the compressor either inside the compressor and / or the exhaust when the compressor is staged.
- the cooling means make it possible to evacuate the heat generated by the compression and to reduce the compression force in such a way that the volume of the gas does not increase.
- cooling means are preferably identical to the heating means of the engine mode system which are then reversible.
- such cooling means comprise an external cooling system 40 'placed on the pipes 17 and / or 24.
- They may alternatively or additionally include a system of internal cooling 4 for injecting fluid into the expander (cold fluid such as water) which provides cooling. It can also be a cooling system of the walls of the compressor.
- a system of internal cooling 4 for injecting fluid into the expander (cold fluid such as water) which provides cooling. It can also be a cooling system of the walls of the compressor.
- they comprise internal cooling means 44 ', 41' and / or external cooling means 43 ', 40'.
- two regulators can be implemented.
- One of these regulators will comprise an inlet 231 connected to the pipe 25 and an outlet 230 connected to the pipe 22.
- the other will include an inlet 232 connected to the pipe 24 and an outlet 230 'connected to the pipe 25.
- two compressors can be implemented.
- One of the compressors will comprise an inlet 181 connected to the pipe 19, an outlet 180 connected to the pipe 17 and optionally an inlet 183.
- the other will include an inlet 18 connected to the pipe 19, an outlet 182 connected to the line 24 and, where appropriate, an entrance 183.
- the first circuit is composed of the original circuit with the isothermal compressor 18 and the adiabatic expansion valve23, the exchanger 16, the two networks of pipes between the orifices 230, 181 and 231, 180, the separator 21 with the outlet 26 of liquid nitrogen and the inlet 183 of nitrogen gas.
- Line 24 is in the second circuit.
- the second circuit is composed of the second compressor 18 'and which then comprises the output 182 connected to the pipe 24 itself connected to the second regulator 23' by the inlet 232 while a new pipe network 1, 2, 3 connects the outlet 230 'of the expander 23' through the exchanger 16 through the inlet 163 'and the outlet 162' to the inlet 18 of the second isothermal compressor 18 '.
- the exchanger 16 is crossed by two pipes 2, and 16 '.
- the two circuits composed mainly of two networks each are independent of one another and can then operate at different pressures, the second circuit which is completely closed and which may comprise a gas other than nitrogen provides the cooling of the exchanger 16 while the first circuit generates the liquid nitrogen by relaxing the nitrogen cooled in the exchanger and compressed in the compressor.
- the cooling circuit compensates the liquid nitrogen produced and which does not participate in the cooling of the compressed nitrogen admitted into the exchanger.
- the regulation of the cooling circuit can be ensured by a temperature probe placed on the pipe 25 which feeds the expansion valve where the liquid nitrogen is generated.
- the compressor 18 and the expander 23 may be driven by an electric motor connected by the same drive shaft.
- While the compressor 18 'and the expander 23' can also be connected by another drive shaft and driven by another electric motor and rotating at a different speed, so as to be able to finely regulate the temperature of the compressed nitrogen which enters the expander 23, this temperature being preferably must be close to the liquefaction point.
- the system is designed so that it occurs, during its implementation, a series of cycles in the compressor and in the expander.
- the system according to the invention obviously comprises control means for controlling the opening and closing of the various orifices (inputs, outputs) of the expander and the compressor in order to synchronize these cycles and their different phases (admission, expansion, compression, exhaust).
- control means for controlling the opening and closing of the various orifices (inputs, outputs) of the expander and the compressor in order to synchronize these cycles and their different phases (admission, expansion, compression, exhaust).
- the inlet 183 is not necessary, the nitrogen gas being injected, already under pressure, for example in the pipe 19.
- the system comprises two circuits each connected to the compressor and the expander so that the nitrogen circulates in a closed circuit.
- the first circuit operating at high pressure (for example between 5 and 100 bar), connects the orifices 180 to 231.
- the second circuit operating at low pressure (for example between 1 and 10 bar), connects the orifices 230 to 181.
- the nitrogen gas contained in the first pressurized circuit by means of the compressor is expanded in the second circuit by means of the expander.
- the pressures in both circuits will be regulated so that maintain at a predetermined pressure level by varying the quantities of fluids admitted into the expander on the one hand and the nitrogen supplied to the system by the compressor on the other hand.
- a step of admission of air or nitrogen 70 via the inlet 183 and a compression step 72 in the compressor 18 are implemented so as to feed the first circuit (step d).
- the compressor 18 is operated until the pressure in the first circuit reaches a predetermined threshold value (step 74).
- the second circuit is filled via the expander while maintaining the pressure in the first circuit via the compressor.
- step 70 admit air or nitrogen gas in the compressor (step 70) and compress isothermally in the compressor (step 72) while implement an admission step 76 in the expander compressed nitrogen gas in order to relax it (step 79) and then extract it (escape step 790) in order to introduce it into the second circuit via the orifice 230.
- steps 74 and 75 are implemented in loop until the pressure inside the first circuit and the pressure inside the second circuit reach their respective predetermined threshold value (steps 74 and 75). As soon as these pressures are reached, which means that the system is stabilized, the step of admission of external nitrogen gas stops.
- the first and second circuits constitute buffers.
- the start-up phase is followed by a stabilized operating phase, the implementation of which produces liquid nitrogen.
- the ambient nitrogen admission step 70 is stopped. The system then operates in a closed circuit.
- a phase separation step 88 for separating the liquefied nitrogen from the non-liquefied nitrogen gas the mixture of liquid nitrogen and non-liquefied nitrogen is conveyed via the pipe 22 into the valve 21 incorporating separating means, a liquid phase and a gaseous phase; a liquid nitrogen recovery step 89 and optionally a liquefied nitrogen transporting step in the tank 10 via the pipe 26 and the inlet 1;
- a step 91 of admission into the heat exchanger via the inlet 163 of the non-liquefied nitrogen gas the circulation of the non-liquefied nitrogen gas, which is cold, in the exchanger makes it possible to cool the nitrogen gas compressed in step 84 and thus to heat the non-liquefied nitrogen gas
- a step 94 for determining at least one piece of information representative of the quantity of nitrogen fluid produced is implemented. This information is compared to a first predetermined threshold value (step 95). The admission step 93 then replaces the admission step 80 as soon as the information representative of the quantity of liquid nitrogen produced reaches this first predetermined threshold value.
- One way to determine the moment to switch from an inlet 80 to an inlet 93 is to implement a step of measuring the pressure in the first or second circuit, then a step of comparing the pressure value. measured at a predetermined low threshold value, the switching from the admission step 71 to the step 70 is done as soon as this threshold value is reached.
- Another way of determining the moment to switch from an admission 80 to an admission 93 is to implement a step of measuring the quantity by mass or volume of liquid nitrogen produced, then a step of comparing the measured value with a predetermined threshold value, the switching from the admission step 80 to the step 93 taking place as soon as this threshold value.
- the system operates to produce liquid nitrogen, but no longer in a closed circuit momentarily, the reintroduced nitrogen gas being isothermally compressed within the compressor 18 (step 98).
- An operating cycle in the external intake mode is sufficient to put the circuit back under pressure for a few subsequent cycles in internal admission mode.
- the nitrogen gas will be injected, already under pressure, for example in the pipe 19.
- the admission step 93 and the compression step 98 are not required.
- the amount of hot nitrogen from the compressor and introduced into the exchanger is therefore greater than the amount of cold non-liquefied nitrogen from the expander and introduced into the exchanger.
- a direct intake cycle in the compressed nitrogen expander is implemented. This increases the amount of cold nitrogen introduced into the exchanger to improve the cooling of the compressed nitrogen.
- the method thus comprises a step 99 of direct admission into the expander 23 of another part of the nitrogen gas compressed in the compressor 18.
- the admission step 99 momentarily replaces the step 85 of intake of compressed nitrogen gas.
- this portion of compressed nitrogen gas escapes from the compressor 18 via the outlet 182 and is conveyed into the expander 23 via the pipe 24 and the inlet 232.
- the method also comprises a step 100 for expanding compressed nitrogen gas admitted directly into the expander 23.
- This expansion induces the production of non-liquefied cold nitrogen which, after having been escaped from the expander (step 101), is then admitted into the exchanger via the pipe 20 and the inlet 163 to improve the efficiency of the exchanger.
- the direct admission 99 into the nitrogen gas regulator 23 from the compressor 18 via the pipe 24 is implemented depending on the need for cooling in the exchanger 18.
- a temperature sensor ⁇ may for example be placed at the 160 output of cooled compressed nitrogen from the exchanger to implement a step 800 for measuring the temperature of the cooled nitrogen at the outlet of the exchanger and a step 801 for comparing this temperature with a predetermined high temperature threshold , to control the implementation of step 99 of direct admission when this high threshold is reached.
- the cooling of the compressed nitrogen inside the exchanger is thus maximized, which makes it possible to increase the subsequent production of liquid nitrogen in the expander.
- the efficiency of the system is thus improved in terms of liquid nitrogen production.
- step 99 direct admission a step 802 for comparing the measured temperature with a predetermined low temperature threshold is implemented. Step 99 direct admission is stopped when this low threshold is reached. The step 85 of admission of compressed nitrogen gas replaces the direct admission step 99.
- An initialization phase must be implemented prior to the direct admission stage 99 in order to pressurize the line 24.
- the orifice 182 is opened instead of the orifice 180 of the compressor in operation until the pressure in the pipe 24 reaches a predetermined threshold value. When this threshold value is reached, one goes into a stabilized operating phase.
- the pipe 24 is kept under pressure by the opening of the outlet 182 of the compressor, the nitrogen may come from either the inlet 183 (when external nitrogen must be reintroduced into the system) from entry 181.
- Two different regulators may be implemented, one to relax compressed nitrogen and then cooled circulating in the pipe 15, the other to relax the compressed nitrogen flowing in the pipe 24.
- the two detents can then have places simultaneously.
- One of this regulator will include an input 231 and an output 230.
- the other will include an input 232 and an output 230.
- Two compressors can be implemented.
- One of these compressors comprises an input 181, an output 180 and optionally an input 183.
- the other will include an input 181, an output 182 and optionally an input 183.
- the two compressions in these compressors can have places simultaneously.
- the first circuit is composed of the original circuit with the isothermal compressor 18 and the adiabatic expansion valve23, the exchanger 16, the two networks of pipes between the orifices 230, 181 and 231, 180, the separator 21 with the outlet 26 of liquid nitrogen and the inlet 183 of nitrogen gas.
- Line 24 is in the second circuit.
- the second circuit is composed of the second compressor 18 'and which then comprises the output 182 connected to the pipe 24 itself connected to the second regulator 23' by the inlet 232 while a new pipe network 1, 2, 3 connects the outlet 230 'of the expander 23' through the exchanger 16 through the inlet 163 'and the outlet 162' to the inlet 18 of the second isothermal compressor 18 '.
- the exchanger 16 is crossed by two pipes 2, and 16 '.
- the two circuits composed mainly of two networks each are independent of one another and can then operate at different pressures, the second circuit which is completely closed and which may comprise a gas other than nitrogen provides the cooling of exchanger 16 while the first circuit generates the liquid nitrogen by relaxing the cooled nitrogen in the exchanger and compressed in the compressor.
- the cooling circuit compensates the liquid nitrogen produced and which does not participate in the cooling of the compressed nitrogen admitted into the exchanger.
- the regulation of the cooling circuit is ensured by a temperature probe placed on the pipe 25 which feeds the expansion valve where the liquid nitrogen is generated.
- the compressor 18 and the expander 23 can be driven by an electric motor, all connected by the same drive shaft.
- While the compressor 18 'and the expander 23' can also be connected by another drive shaft and driven by another electric motor and rotating at a different speed, so as to be able to finely regulate the temperature of the compressed nitrogen which enters the regulator 23, this temperature can be near the point of liquefaction.
- This variant consists in creating an external circuit for producing cold which passes through the heat exchanger used during the production of liquid nitrogen to cool the nitrogen gas compressed in the exchanger.
- the invention relates to a mechanical system for producing mechanical energy from liquid nitrogen and a mechanical system for producing liquid nitrogen.
- the system may be reversible so that it can operate alternately in a motor mode as a mechanical energy production system and in a generator mode as a liquid nitrogen production system.
- a mechanical non-reversible mechanical energy production system does not include, for example, the valve 14, the valve 21, the pipe 25, the pipe 26 and the orifices 231 and 1. It may or may not contain line 19 and orifice 181.
- a mechanical system for producing non-reversible liquid nitrogen does not include, for example, the valve 14, the pipe 12, the pump 13 and the orifices 11 and 234.
- a system for producing mechanical energy and producing liquid nitrogen that is to say a reversible system having a motor mode and a generator mode, comprises all the components necessary for operation in motor mode and in operating mode. generator, the valves 14 and 21 to make non-functional some pipes in each mode of operation.
- a valve may be placed along the pipe 19 to allow in engine mode admission into the heat exchanger of ambient air and / or compressed gas from the regulator, and in generator mode the circulation between the outlet 162 of the exchanger and the inlet 181 of the compressor.
- the system that compresses the gas that was used to vaporize the liquid nitrogen produces a large amount of compressed gas in a compact system. Indeed, the gas is compressed after being cooled since it is used to vaporize the liquid nitrogen.
- this compressed gas can be injected into an existing expander, as for example into the engine cylinders of a vehicle in the intake phase.
- the system according to the invention then constitutes a compressed gas generator that can perform the turbocharger function.
- Such a compressed gas generation system could also for example supply a compressed air motor or a compressed air energy storage system.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1601329A FR3055923B1 (fr) | 2016-09-09 | 2016-09-09 | Systeme mecanique de production d'energie mecanique a partir d'azote liquide et procede correspondant |
| PCT/FR2017/000158 WO2018046807A1 (fr) | 2016-09-09 | 2017-08-30 | Système mécanique de production d'énergie mécanique à partir d'azote liquide, et procédé correspondant |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3510257A1 true EP3510257A1 (fr) | 2019-07-17 |
| EP3510257C0 EP3510257C0 (fr) | 2024-02-07 |
| EP3510257B1 EP3510257B1 (fr) | 2024-02-07 |
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| EP17784668.0A Active EP3510257B1 (fr) | 2016-09-09 | 2017-08-30 | Système mécanique de production d'énergie mécanique à partir d'azote liquide, et procédé correspondant |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11187114B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3510257B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN109690032B (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2017324486B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3036148A1 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2979179T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3055923B1 (fr) |
| MA (1) | MA46197A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018046807A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
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| CN116105074A (zh) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-05-12 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | 一种高压氮气供给装置及其控制方法 |
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| EP3592951A4 (fr) * | 2017-03-10 | 2021-01-20 | Barry W. Johnston | Moteur quasi-adiabatique |
| CN109578100B (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2024-05-31 | 天津大学 | 一种利用液氮的换热-发电集成系统及控制方法 |
| KR20230117096A (ko) | 2020-12-17 | 2023-08-07 | 시란스 에스아게겔 | 극저온 조건에서 캐리어 유체로부터 기계적 에너지를 생성하는 플랜트 |
| CN115492653B (zh) * | 2022-10-09 | 2025-09-26 | 哈尔滨市向日葵新材料新能源研究所 | 微波液氮汽化装置、液氮动力转换器及发电系统 |
| CN118775749B (zh) * | 2024-07-26 | 2025-09-16 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 一种锂电池厂液氮汽化冷量回收利用装置 |
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| US3380809A (en) * | 1963-10-16 | 1968-04-30 | Air Prod & Chem | Process for liquefaction and conversion of hydrogen |
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-
2016
- 2016-09-09 FR FR1601329A patent/FR3055923B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2017
- 2017-08-30 MA MA046197A patent/MA46197A/fr unknown
- 2017-08-30 EP EP17784668.0A patent/EP3510257B1/fr active Active
- 2017-08-30 CA CA3036148A patent/CA3036148A1/fr active Pending
- 2017-08-30 AU AU2017324486A patent/AU2017324486B2/en active Active
- 2017-08-30 ES ES17784668T patent/ES2979179T3/es active Active
- 2017-08-30 US US16/332,208 patent/US11187114B2/en active Active
- 2017-08-30 WO PCT/FR2017/000158 patent/WO2018046807A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-08-30 CN CN201780052575.XA patent/CN109690032B/zh active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116105074A (zh) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-05-12 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | 一种高压氮气供给装置及其控制方法 |
| CN116105074B (zh) * | 2022-12-07 | 2024-03-08 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | 一种高压氮气供给装置及其控制方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109690032B (zh) | 2022-03-04 |
| WO2018046807A1 (fr) | 2018-03-15 |
| US20190218944A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
| CN109690032A (zh) | 2019-04-26 |
| EP3510257C0 (fr) | 2024-02-07 |
| MA46197A (fr) | 2019-07-17 |
| ES2979179T3 (es) | 2024-09-24 |
| EP3510257B1 (fr) | 2024-02-07 |
| US11187114B2 (en) | 2021-11-30 |
| FR3055923B1 (fr) | 2022-05-20 |
| AU2017324486A1 (en) | 2019-03-28 |
| AU2017324486B2 (en) | 2023-04-27 |
| FR3055923A1 (fr) | 2018-03-16 |
| CA3036148A1 (fr) | 2018-03-15 |
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