EP3503993A1 - Installation for depolluting exhaust gases, particularly of an internal combustion engine, and method for using such an installation - Google Patents

Installation for depolluting exhaust gases, particularly of an internal combustion engine, and method for using such an installation

Info

Publication number
EP3503993A1
EP3503993A1 EP17737581.3A EP17737581A EP3503993A1 EP 3503993 A1 EP3503993 A1 EP 3503993A1 EP 17737581 A EP17737581 A EP 17737581A EP 3503993 A1 EP3503993 A1 EP 3503993A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
additive
reducing agent
installation
exhaust gas
pollution control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17737581.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stéphane ZINOLA
Matthieu LECOMPTE
Stéphane RAUX
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN filed Critical IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Publication of EP3503993A1 publication Critical patent/EP3503993A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2896—Liquid catalyst carrier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/25—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an ammonia generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/01—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being catalytic material in liquid form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1406—Storage means for substances, e.g. tanks or reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
    • F01N2900/1806—Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an installation for the decontamination of exhaust gases, in particular of combustion engines, for exhaust gas depollution, in particular of an internal combustion engine, and to a method for using such an installation.
  • internal in particular for a motor vehicle and a method for using this installation.
  • a diesel-type internal combustion engine especially for a motor vehicle, but in no way rules out such a process for spark ignition engines, such as those operating with a gaseous fuel or with gasoline, and in particular with a lean mixture.
  • spark ignition engines such as those operating with a gaseous fuel or with gasoline, and in particular with a lean mixture.
  • the exhaust gases of these engines contain many pollutants, such as unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO and NO 2 ), more commonly known as NOx, and in addition to the particles. It is commonly accepted that NOx is a product of combustion that takes place at high temperatures and in the presence of oxygen.
  • NOx has a major disadvantage because it has a direct negative impact on the health of humans, particularly NO 2 , and indirectly by the secondary formation of tropospheric ozone.
  • catalyst means such as an oxidation catalyst
  • a particulate filter is advantageously placed on this line so as to capture and then eliminate the particles present in the exhaust gases and thus prevent them are released into the atmosphere.
  • This filter must be regenerated periodically to prevent clogging by burning the particles retained in this filter.
  • These regeneration operations consist mainly of an increase in the temperature of the filter, which can either occur spontaneously during use of the high-load engine, or be generated by means of exothermic oxidation on a catalyst placed upstream of the filter. reducing chemical species resulting from combustion or an injection directly to the exhaust triggered by the engine control.
  • a regeneration additive can be used to facilitate the regeneration phase.
  • FAP particulate filter
  • any additive allowing either to promote the phenomenon of continuous regeneration of the particulate filter and to thus space the active regeneration periods of the FAP, or to accelerate the combustion of soot during the active regeneration phases of the FAP, to limit the fuel consumption relative to this phase and / or maximize the chances of burning a large soot mass when the temperature and gas composition conditions at the exhaust are favorable for this active regeneration, a combination of these two advantages.
  • the exhaust gases also pass through other means of catalysis, in particular catalytic catalysts of the SCR type (for Selective Catalytic Reduction).
  • This SCR catalyst selectively reduces NOx to nitrogen by the action of a reducing agent.
  • This reducing agent which is generally injected upstream of the SCR catalyst, can be ammonia or a decomposition-generating ammonia generating compound, such as urea, or an oxygenated or non-oxygenated hydrocarbon, such as ethanol.
  • ammonia is obtained indirectly by decomposition of a precursor injected in liquid form, generally urea in 32.5% aqueous solution m / m better known in Europe under the trade name called "AdBlue”.
  • the urea solution is injected into the exhaust line upstream of the SCR catalyst.
  • the water contained in this solution is quickly vaporized under the effect of the temperature of the exhaust gas, then each molecule of urea decomposes in two steps into two molecules of ammonia.
  • the system for decontaminating exhaust gas comprises an exhaust line comprising a pollution control means combining a particulate filter and a catalyst with selective catalytic reduction (SCR), optionally grouped in a single element called catalyzed filter RCS or FRCS filter, a single tank containing a mixture of an additive for the regeneration of the particulate filter and a reducing agent for the removal of NOx present in this means of depollution and an injector to introduce this mixture upstream of the SCR catalyst or the FRCS filter.
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • the present invention proposes to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above by means of a method which make it possible to introduce an additive to the reducing agent no longer outside the vehicle but directly onboard the vehicle.
  • the present invention relates to an installation for the depollution of the exhaust gases flowing in an exhaust line, in particular an internal combustion engine, comprising at least one catalytic reduction means with selective catalytic reduction of the oxides of nitrogen, at least one means for removing particles, a main reservoir comprising at least one reducing agent, and one or more means for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust line, characterized in that the installation comprises additivation means of the reducing agent.
  • the additive means may comprise an additivation circuit.
  • the additive circuit may comprise at least one additive tank connected to the main tank.
  • the additive tank may contain at least one additive.
  • the additive circuit may comprise at least one pumping and additive dosing means.
  • the additive may be a product which facilitates the regeneration phase of the particulate removal means, or a product for improving the spraying of the reducing agent, or a product for limiting or a product for lowering the point of gel of the reducing agent, or a product intended to mask the odor of the reducing agent, or a combination of at least two of these products.
  • the reducing agent may be a reducing agent containing ammonia or an ammonia precursor compound.
  • the reducing agent may be an oxygenated hydrocarbon or not.
  • the invention also relates to a method for using the abovementioned abatement depollution facility, characterized in that:
  • the reducing agent contained in the main reservoir is added.
  • the reducing agent can be added with at least one additive contained in at least one additive tank.
  • the reducing agent can be added with at least one additive in solid form introduced directly into the main reservoir.
  • the reducing agent can be added with at least one additive in liquid form introduced directly into the main reservoir, more particularly through the neck of this reservoir.
  • the reducing agent may be added with at least one additive contained in a capsule to be perforated prior to its introduction into the reservoir.
  • internal combustion engine it is understood a diesel engine, but this does not exclude in any way all other internal combustion engines, such as engines running on gasoline, with a gas or with any other fuel.
  • the exhaust line 10 comprises, in the direction of flow of the exhaust gas from the motor 12 to the outlet 14 in the open air of this line, at least one means of capture and for removing the particles present in the exhaust gas and at least one NOx reduction means also contained in these gases.
  • this FRCS filter is placed downstream of an oxidation catalyst 18 whose function is to treat unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide contained in the exhaust gases before they pass through the catalyzed filter.
  • the latter also has the role of adjusting the ratio between the nitric oxide and the nitrogen dioxide contained in the exhaust gas in order to maximize the conversion efficiency of the SCR catalysis.
  • the exhaust line comprises a means for introducing a mixture of a reducing agent for the removal of NOx and an additive for the regeneration of the particles.
  • This introduction means may for example be in the form of an injector 20 which is placed upstream of the FRCS filter.
  • a homogenizing device 21 of the reducing agent with the exhaust gas is positioned between the injector and the FRCS filter.
  • the exhaust line also includes a differential pressure determining means 22 between the inlet of the FRCS filter and its outlet.
  • the exhaust line carries a temperature sensor (not shown) placed on the exhaust line, and more particularly at the inlet of the catalyzed filter, to know at any time the temperature of the exhaust gases. exhaust that flow in this line.
  • This line may also carry a NOx sensor (not shown) placed at the outlet of the catalyzed filter to know at any time the amount of NOx coming out of this filter.
  • a NOx sensor not shown
  • This line may also carry a NOx sensor (not shown) placed at the inlet of the catalyzed filter to know at any time the amount of NOx entering this filter.
  • a NOx sensor not shown
  • the mixture introduced into the exhaust line by the injector 20 is fed through a conduit 24 connecting this injector to a main tank 26 containing this mixture.
  • This mixture is circulated between the main tank and the injector under the effect of a pumping means, such as a pump 28.
  • This main reservoir initially contains a reducing agent, which is ammonia or a compound generating ammonia by decomposition, such as urea.
  • this ammonia is obtained indirectly by decomposition of a precursor injected in liquid form into the exhaust line, generally urea in aqueous solution at 32.5% w / w, better known in Europe. under the trade name "AdBlue”.
  • a precursor injected in liquid form into the exhaust line generally urea in aqueous solution at 32.5% w / w, better known in Europe. under the trade name "AdBlue”.
  • AdBlue a precursor injected in liquid form into the exhaust line
  • This main reservoir is supplemented, after each filling of reducing agent, by additivation means of the reducing agent.
  • This additive can be a product which facilitates the regeneration of the particulate filter, a product intended to improve the spraying of the reducing agent, a product intended to lower the gel point of the reducing agent, a product intended to mask the odor of the reducing agent or a combination of at least two of these products.
  • the additive is comprised of a product that facilitates the regeneration of the particulate filter.
  • the additive may be a metal oxide.
  • the additive may be a combination of a product which facilitates the regeneration of the particulate filter with at least one additive chosen from:
  • the additivation means and / or the reservoir 26 may comprise a product making it possible to limit or eliminate the formation of deposits derived from decomposition by-products of the reducing agent.
  • This type of product can be an organic product.
  • the reservoir 26 is connected to additive means comprising an additive circuit 30.
  • This circuit comprises at least one additive tank 32 which is connected to the main tank by an additive duct 34.
  • a pumping and additive dosing means 36 such as a dosing pump, is placed on this duct to bring the additive of this additive tank to the reservoir.
  • the additive circuit may comprise an additive tank with one or more additives listed above or several additive tanks each containing a different additive.
  • reservoir covers any container of a fluid, such as rigid containers or flexible bags, in particular materials incorporating synthetic or natural polymers.
  • the additive dosing pump 36 is actuated to introduce, via the additive duct 34, the desired quantity of additive (s) into the main tank by producing thus the mixture that will be introduced into the exhaust line by the injector.
  • the quantity of additive (s) to be added to the main tank is determined by the concentration of the target additive (s) which makes it possible to obtain the desired effect by minimizing the quantity of additive (s) introduced, for reasons that are only to limit the possible fouling or poisoning of the pollution control system.
  • this reservoir requires a much less frequent filling.
  • this solution has the advantage of having a much more reliable installation since the additivation is done almost automatically without the intervention of an operator.
  • the additive means comprise one or more additives in liquid or solid form directly introduced into the main tank, more particularly through the neck of this tank.
  • the additivation will be perforation of a capsule containing one or more additives (solid or liquid) so as to pour this additive or additives into the main reservoir containing the reducing agent and more especially through the neck of this tank.
  • the present invention is not limited to the example described above but encompasses all other embodiments of particulate capture and removal means and NOx reduction means.
  • the FRCS filter of the single figure which is in a single element, can be replaced by at least two exhaust gas treatment means with a SCR catalyst followed by a particulate filter.
  • the injector 20 is placed upstream of the SCR catalyst.
  • one of the means may be a particulate filter which is followed by a catalyst with the placement of the injector upstream of the particulate filter.

Abstract

The present invention relates to an installation for depolluting exhaust gases circulating in an exhaust line (10), particularly of an internal combustion engine, comprising at least one catalysing means for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx), at least one means for eliminating particles, a main tank (26) comprising at least one particle reducing agent, and means (20) for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust line. According to the invention, the installation comprises means (30) for additivation of the reducing agent.

Description

Installation pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement, notamment de moteur à combustion interne, et procédé pour l'utilisation d'une telle installation La présente invention se rapporte à une installation pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement, notamment de moteur à combustion interne, en particulier pour véhicule automobile et à un procédé pour utiliser cette installation.  The present invention relates to an installation for the decontamination of exhaust gases, in particular of combustion engines, for exhaust gas depollution, in particular of an internal combustion engine, and to a method for using such an installation. internal, in particular for a motor vehicle and a method for using this installation.
Elle vise plus particulièrement un procédé pour traiter les polluants contenus dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne de type Diesel, notamment pour véhicule automobile, mais n'écarte en aucune manière un tel procédé pour les moteurs à allumage commandé, tels que ceux fonctionnant avec un carburant gazeux ou avec de l'essence, et en particulier en mélange pauvre. Comme cela est connu, les gaz d'échappement de ces moteurs contiennent de nombreux polluants, tels que des hydrocarbures imbrûlés (HC), du monoxyde de carbone, des oxydes d'azote (NO et NO2) plus communément baptisés sous le terme de NOx, et en sus des particules. II est communément admis que les NOx sont un produit issu de la combustion qui se déroule à des températures élevées et en présence d'oxygène.It relates more particularly to a process for treating the pollutants contained in the exhaust gases of a diesel-type internal combustion engine, especially for a motor vehicle, but in no way rules out such a process for spark ignition engines, such as those operating with a gaseous fuel or with gasoline, and in particular with a lean mixture. As is known, the exhaust gases of these engines contain many pollutants, such as unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NO and NO 2 ), more commonly known as NOx, and in addition to the particles. It is commonly accepted that NOx is a product of combustion that takes place at high temperatures and in the presence of oxygen.
Ces conditions sont généralement rencontrées lors de tous types de combustions, quel que soit le carburant utilisé. These conditions are generally encountered during all types of combustion, regardless of the fuel used.
Plus particulièrement, les moteurs à combustion interne fonctionnant avec un mélange pauvre produisent des NOx qui sont difficiles à traiter du fait de la présence d'oxygène dans la composition des gaz d'échappement.  More particularly, internal combustion engines operating with a lean mixture produce NOx which are difficult to treat due to the presence of oxygen in the composition of the exhaust gas.
Or, les NOx présentent un inconvénient majeur car ils ont un impact néfaste directement sur la santé de l'être humain, particulièrement le NO2, et indirectement par la formation secondaire d'ozone troposphérique. However, NOx has a major disadvantage because it has a direct negative impact on the health of humans, particularly NO 2 , and indirectly by the secondary formation of tropospheric ozone.
Afin de respecter les normes d'émissions de polluants et de préserver l'environnement et la santé humaine, il est devenu nécessaire de traiter ces polluants avant de rejeter les gaz d'échappement dans l'atmosphère. Comme cela est généralement connu, ceci est réalisé grâce à un traitement en dépollution des gaz d'échappement circulant dans la ligne d'échappement du moteur. In order to meet pollutant emission standards and to preserve the environment and human health, it has become necessary to treat these pollutants before releasing the exhaust gases into the atmosphere. As is generally known, this is achieved by a treatment in pollution of the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust line of the engine.
Ainsi, pour traiter les hydrocarbures imbrûlés et le monoxyde de carbone pour des moteurs fonctionnant en mélange pauvre, des moyens de catalyse, tels qu'un catalyseur d'oxydation, sont placés sur la ligne d'échappement. En ce qui concerne les gaz d'échappement, en particulier d'un moteur Diesel, un filtre à particules est avantageusement placé sur cette ligne de manière à capter puis à éliminer les particules présentes dans les gaz d'échappement et éviter ainsi qu'elles soient rejetées dans l'atmosphère. Thus, for treating unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide for engines operating in lean mixture, catalyst means, such as an oxidation catalyst, are placed on the exhaust line. With regard to the exhaust gases, in particular of a diesel engine, a particulate filter is advantageously placed on this line so as to capture and then eliminate the particles present in the exhaust gases and thus prevent them are released into the atmosphere.
Ce filtre doit être régénéré périodiquement afin d'éviter son colmatage en réalisant une combustion des particules retenues dans ce filtre. Ces opérations de régénération consistent principalement en une augmentation de la température du filtre, qui peuvent soit se produire spontanément lors d'une utilisation du moteur à forte charge, soit être générées au moyen d'une oxydation exothermique sur un catalyseur placé en amont du filtre d'espèces chimiques réductrices issues de la combustion ou d'une injection directement à l'échappement déclenchées par le contrôle moteur.  This filter must be regenerated periodically to prevent clogging by burning the particles retained in this filter. These regeneration operations consist mainly of an increase in the temperature of the filter, which can either occur spontaneously during use of the high-load engine, or be generated by means of exothermic oxidation on a catalyst placed upstream of the filter. reducing chemical species resulting from combustion or an injection directly to the exhaust triggered by the engine control.
Un additif de régénération peut être utilisé pour faciliter la phase de régénération. Par additif pour la régénération du filtre à particules (FAP), il est entendu tout additif permettant soit de favoriser le phénomène de régénération en continue du filtre à particules et d'espacer ainsi les périodes de régénération actives du FAP, soit d'accélérer la combustion de la suie lors des phases de régénération actives du FAP, permettant de limiter la consommation de carburant relative à cette phase et/ou de maximiser les chances de brûler une masse de suie importante lorsque les conditions de températures et de composition gazeuse à l'échappement sont favorables à cette régénération active, soit une combinaison de ces deux avantages.  A regeneration additive can be used to facilitate the regeneration phase. By additive for the regeneration of the particulate filter (FAP), it is understood any additive allowing either to promote the phenomenon of continuous regeneration of the particulate filter and to thus space the active regeneration periods of the FAP, or to accelerate the combustion of soot during the active regeneration phases of the FAP, to limit the fuel consumption relative to this phase and / or maximize the chances of burning a large soot mass when the temperature and gas composition conditions at the exhaust are favorable for this active regeneration, a combination of these two advantages.
Pour des raisons de simplifications, nous parlerons ensuite simplement de facilitation de la phase de régénération sans que cela ne limite la portée de l'invention. En ce qui concerne les NOx, les gaz d'échappement traversent également d'autres moyens de catalyse, notamment des catalyseurs du type catalyseur RCS (pour Réduction Çatalytique Sélective). Ce catalyseur RCS permet de réduire sélectivement les NOx en azote grâce à l'action d'un agent réducteur. For reasons of simplification, we will then simply talk about facilitating the regeneration phase without this limiting the scope of the invention. With regard to NOx, the exhaust gases also pass through other means of catalysis, in particular catalytic catalysts of the SCR type (for Selective Catalytic Reduction). This SCR catalyst selectively reduces NOx to nitrogen by the action of a reducing agent.
Cet agent réducteur, qui est généralement injecté en amont du catalyseur RCS, peut être de l'ammoniac ou un composé générant de l'ammoniac par décomposition, comme de l'urée, ou être un hydrocarbure oxygéné ou non, tel que de l'éthanol.  This reducing agent, which is generally injected upstream of the SCR catalyst, can be ammonia or a decomposition-generating ammonia generating compound, such as urea, or an oxygenated or non-oxygenated hydrocarbon, such as ethanol.
Actuellement, une des techniques les plus répandues pour la dépollution des NOx est la catalyse RCS par l'ammoniac. Currently, one of the most common techniques for the removal of NOx is catalysis RCS by ammonia.
Cet ammoniac est obtenu indirectement par décomposition d'un précurseur injecté sous forme liquide, généralement de l'urée en solution aqueuse à 32,5 % m/m plus connu en Europe sous la dénomination commerciale nommée "AdBlue".  This ammonia is obtained indirectly by decomposition of a precursor injected in liquid form, generally urea in 32.5% aqueous solution m / m better known in Europe under the trade name called "AdBlue".
Ainsi, la solution d'urée est injectée dans la ligne d'échappement en amont du catalyseur RCS. L'eau contenue dans cette solution est rapidement vaporisée sous l'effet de la température des gaz d'échappement, puis chaque molécule d'urée se décompose suivant deux étapes en deux molécules d'ammoniac.  Thus, the urea solution is injected into the exhaust line upstream of the SCR catalyst. The water contained in this solution is quickly vaporized under the effect of the temperature of the exhaust gas, then each molecule of urea decomposes in two steps into two molecules of ammonia.
Comme cela est mieux décrit dans le document FR 3 029 800, le système pour dépolluer des gaz d'échappement comprend une ligne d'échappement comportant un moyen de dépollution associant un filtre à particules et un catalyseur avec réduction çatalytique sélective (RCS), éventuellement regroupés dans un élément unique dénommé filtre catalysé RCS ou filtre FRCS, un réservoir unique contenant un mélange d'un additif pour la régénération du filtre à particules et d'un réducteur pour l'élimination des NOx présents dans ce moyen de dépollution et un injecteur pour introduire ce mélange en amont du catalyseur RCS ou du filtre FRCS. As is better described in document FR 3,029,800, the system for decontaminating exhaust gas comprises an exhaust line comprising a pollution control means combining a particulate filter and a catalyst with selective catalytic reduction (SCR), optionally grouped in a single element called catalyzed filter RCS or FRCS filter, a single tank containing a mixture of an additive for the regeneration of the particulate filter and a reducing agent for the removal of NOx present in this means of depollution and an injector to introduce this mixture upstream of the SCR catalyst or the FRCS filter.
Ce système bien que donnant satisfaction présente néanmoins des inconvénients non négligeables. En effet, le système décrit dans le document précité se limite à utiliser un réservoir unique contenant un mélange d'un additif pour la régénération du filtre à particules et d'un réducteur pour l'élimination des NOx, mélange qui est réalisé en dehors du véhicule pour être ensuite introduit dans le réservoir. This system, although satisfactory, nevertheless has significant disadvantages. Indeed, the system described in the aforementioned document is limited to using a single tank containing a mixture of an additive for the regeneration of the particulate filter and a reducing agent for the removal of NOx, a mixture which is produced outside the vehicle to then be introduced into the tank.
De ce fait, l'utilisateur du véhicule ou la personne en charge de son entretien doit remplir ou re-remplir ce réservoir avec un fluide contenant à la fois le réducteur pour l'élimination des NOx et l'additif pour la régénération du filtre à particules, ou bien réaliser lui-même le mélange dans les bonnes proportions entre ces deux produits. Ce mélange combinant les deux fonctions, ainsi que l'additif pour la régénération du filtre à particules soluble en milieu aqueux, sont des produits dont la disponibilité sur le marché peut être limitée du fait de la faiblesse actuelle du réseau de distribution.  Therefore, the user of the vehicle or the person in charge of its maintenance must fill or refill this tank with a fluid containing both the gearbox for the removal of NOx and the additive for the regeneration of the filter. particles, or to make the mixture itself in the right proportions between these two products. This mixture combining the two functions, as well as the additive for the regeneration of the soluble particle filter in an aqueous medium, are products whose availability on the market can be limited because of the current weakness of the distribution network.
Au contraire, le réseau de distribution de réducteur pour catalyse RCS, notamment l'Adblue, est d'ores et déjà développé et il est prévu que celui-ci se renforce encore significativement au cours des cinq prochaines années.  On the contrary, the SCR reductant distribution network, especially Adblue, is already developed and is expected to grow significantly again over the next five years.
La présente invention se propose de remédier aux inconvénients ci-dessus mentionnés grâce à un procédé qui permettent d'introduire un additif à l'agent réducteur non plus à l'extérieur du véhicule mais directement à bord de ce véhicule. The present invention proposes to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above by means of a method which make it possible to introduce an additive to the reducing agent no longer outside the vehicle but directly onboard the vehicle.
Ceci a pour avantage de permettre le remplissage initial du réservoir avec un agent réducteur pour l'élimination des NOx qui est largement distribué, en évitant ainsi de recourir à un réseau de distribution parallèle difficile à mettre en place. A cet effet, la présente invention concerne une installation pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement circulant dans une ligne d'échappement, notamment d'un moteur à combustion interne, comprenant au moins un moyen de catalyse à réduction catalytique sélective des oxydes d'azote, au moins un moyen d'élimination des particules, un réservoir principal comprenant au moins un agent réducteur, et un ou plusieurs moyens d'introduction de l'agent réducteur dans la ligne d'échappement, caractérisée en ce que l'installation comprend des moyens d'additivation de l'agent réducteur.  This has the advantage of allowing the initial filling of the tank with a reducing agent for the removal of NOx which is widely distributed, thus avoiding the use of a parallel distribution network that is difficult to set up. To this end, the present invention relates to an installation for the depollution of the exhaust gases flowing in an exhaust line, in particular an internal combustion engine, comprising at least one catalytic reduction means with selective catalytic reduction of the oxides of nitrogen, at least one means for removing particles, a main reservoir comprising at least one reducing agent, and one or more means for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust line, characterized in that the installation comprises additivation means of the reducing agent.
Les moyens d'additivation peuvent comprendre un circuit d'additivation. Le circuit d'additivation peut comprendre au moins un réservoir d'additivation raccordé au réservoir principal. Le réservoir d'additivation peut contenir au moins un additif. The additive means may comprise an additivation circuit. The additive circuit may comprise at least one additive tank connected to the main tank. The additive tank may contain at least one additive.
Le circuit d'additivation peut comprendre au moins un moyen de pompage et de dosage d'additif. The additive circuit may comprise at least one pumping and additive dosing means.
L'additif peut être un produit qui facilite la phase de régénération du moyen d'élimination de particules, ou un produit destiné à améliorer la pulvérisation de l'agent réducteur, ou un produit permettant de limiter ou un produit destiné à abaisser le point de gel de l'agent réducteur, ou un produit destiné à masquer l'odeur de l'agent réducteur, ou une combinaison d'au moins deux de ces produits. The additive may be a product which facilitates the regeneration phase of the particulate removal means, or a product for improving the spraying of the reducing agent, or a product for limiting or a product for lowering the point of gel of the reducing agent, or a product intended to mask the odor of the reducing agent, or a combination of at least two of these products.
L'agent réducteur peut être un agent réducteur contenant de l'ammoniac ou un composé précurseur d'ammoniac. The reducing agent may be a reducing agent containing ammonia or an ammonia precursor compound.
L'agent réducteur peut être un hydrocarbure oxygéné ou non. The reducing agent may be an oxygenated hydrocarbon or not.
L'invention concerne également un procédé pour utiliser l'installation pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappent ci-dessus, caractérisé en ce que : The invention also relates to a method for using the abovementioned abatement depollution facility, characterized in that:
- on remplit le réservoir principal avec l'agent réducteur puis  - the main tank is filled with the reducing agent then
- on additive l'agent réducteur contenu dans le réservoir principal.  the reducing agent contained in the main reservoir is added.
On peut additiver l'agent réducteur avec au moins un additif contenu dans au moins un réservoir d'additivation. The reducing agent can be added with at least one additive contained in at least one additive tank.
On peut additiver l'agent réducteur avec au moins un additif sous forme solide introduit directement dans le réservoir principal. The reducing agent can be added with at least one additive in solid form introduced directly into the main reservoir.
On peut additiver l'agent réducteur avec au moins un additif sous forme liquide introduit directement dans le réservoir principal, plus particulièrement au travers du goulot de ce réservoir. On peut additiver l'agent réducteur avec au moins un additif contenu dans une capsule à perforer au préalable de son introduction dans le réservoir. Les autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention vont apparaître maintenant à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée à titre uniquement illustratif et non limitatif, et à laquelle est annexée la figure unique qui montre une installation utilisant le procédé selon l'invention. Cette installation de traitement en dépollution des gaz d'échappement comprend une ligne d'échappement 10 véhiculant les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne 12, par exemple pour véhicule automobile. The reducing agent can be added with at least one additive in liquid form introduced directly into the main reservoir, more particularly through the neck of this reservoir. The reducing agent may be added with at least one additive contained in a capsule to be perforated prior to its introduction into the reservoir. The other features and advantages of the invention will now appear on reading the following description, given solely by way of illustration and without limitation, and to which is appended the single figure which shows an installation using the method according to the invention. . This exhaust gas depollution treatment plant comprises an exhaust line 10 conveying the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine 12, for example for a motor vehicle.
Par moteur à combustion interne, il est entendu un moteur Diesel, mais cela n'écarte en aucune manière tous les autres moteurs à combustion interne, comme les moteurs fonctionnant à l'essence, avec un gaz ou avec tout autre carburant. By internal combustion engine, it is understood a diesel engine, but this does not exclude in any way all other internal combustion engines, such as engines running on gasoline, with a gas or with any other fuel.
Comme mieux visible sur la figure unique, la ligne d'échappement 10 comprend, dans le sens de circulation des gaz d'échappement allant du moteur 12 vers la sortie 14 à l'air libre de cette ligne, au moins un moyen de captation et d'élimination des particules présentes dans les gaz d'échappement ainsi qu'au moins un moyen de réduction des NOx contenus également dans ces gaz. As best seen in the single figure, the exhaust line 10 comprises, in the direction of flow of the exhaust gas from the motor 12 to the outlet 14 in the open air of this line, at least one means of capture and for removing the particles present in the exhaust gas and at least one NOx reduction means also contained in these gases.
Avantageusement mais non obligatoirement et uniquement à titre d'exemple comme illustré sur la figure, ces moyens sont combinés en un seul élément qui est plus connu sous le terme de filtre catalysé RCS ou filtre FRCS 1 6.  Advantageously but not necessarily and solely by way of example as illustrated in the figure, these means are combined into a single element which is better known by the term RCS catalyzed filter or FRCS filter 1 6.
De manière préférentielle, ce filtre FRCS est placé en aval d'un catalyseur d'oxydation 18 qui a pour fonction de traiter les hydrocarbures imbrûlés et le monoxyde de carbone contenus dans les gaz d'échappement avant que ces derniers ne traversent le filtre catalysé. Preferably, this FRCS filter is placed downstream of an oxidation catalyst 18 whose function is to treat unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide contained in the exhaust gases before they pass through the catalyzed filter.
Ce dernier a également pour rôle d'ajuster le rapport entre le monoxyde d'azote et le dioxyde d'azote contenu dans les gaz d'échappement afin de maximiser l'efficacité de conversion de la catalyse RCS. La ligne d'échappement comprend un moyen d'introduction d'un mélange d'un agent réducteur pour l'élimination des NOx et d'un additif pour la régénération des particules. The latter also has the role of adjusting the ratio between the nitric oxide and the nitrogen dioxide contained in the exhaust gas in order to maximize the conversion efficiency of the SCR catalysis. The exhaust line comprises a means for introducing a mixture of a reducing agent for the removal of NOx and an additive for the regeneration of the particles.
Ce moyen d'introduction peut se présenter par exemple sous la forme d'un injecteur 20 qui est placé en amont du filtre FRCS.  This introduction means may for example be in the form of an injector 20 which is placed upstream of the FRCS filter.
De façon préférée, un dispositif d'homogénéisation 21 de l'agent réducteur avec les gaz d'échappement est positionné entre l'injecteur et le filtre FRCS. Comme cela est généralement connu, la ligne d'échappement comporte également un moyen de détermination de pression différentielle 22 entre l'entrée du filtre FRCS et sa sortie. Preferably, a homogenizing device 21 of the reducing agent with the exhaust gas is positioned between the injector and the FRCS filter. As is generally known, the exhaust line also includes a differential pressure determining means 22 between the inlet of the FRCS filter and its outlet.
Ceci permet de connaître le taux de colmatage par les particules du filtre FRCS.  This makes it possible to know the rate of clogging by the particles of the FRCS filter.
De manière également connue en soi, la ligne d'échappement porte un capteur de température (non représenté) placé sur la ligne d'échappement, et plus particulièrement à l'entrée du filtre catalysé, pour connaître à tout moment la température des gaz d'échappement qui circulent dans cette ligne.  In a manner also known per se, the exhaust line carries a temperature sensor (not shown) placed on the exhaust line, and more particularly at the inlet of the catalyzed filter, to know at any time the temperature of the exhaust gases. exhaust that flow in this line.
Alternativement, il peut être prévu d'utiliser des moyens logiques et/ou informatiques qui permettent d'estimer à tout moment la température des gaz d'échappement qui circulent dans la ligne.  Alternatively, it may be provided to use logic and / or computer means that can estimate at any time the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing in the line.
Cette ligne peut également porter un capteur de NOx (non représenté) placé à la sortie du filtre catalysé pour connaître à tout moment la quantité des NOx qui sort de ce filtre.  This line may also carry a NOx sensor (not shown) placed at the outlet of the catalyzed filter to know at any time the amount of NOx coming out of this filter.
Cette ligne peut également porter un capteur de NOx (non représenté) placé à l'entrée du filtre catalysé pour connaître à tout moment la quantité des NOx qui entre dans ce filtre.  This line may also carry a NOx sensor (not shown) placed at the inlet of the catalyzed filter to know at any time the amount of NOx entering this filter.
De même, il peut être également prévu d'utiliser des moyens logiques et/ou informatiques qui permettent d'estimer à tout moment ces quantités de NOx.  Likewise, it may also be planned to use logical and / or computer means that make it possible to estimate these quantities of NOx at any time.
Le mélange introduit dans la ligne d'échappement par l'injecteur 20 est amené par un conduit 24 raccordant cet injecteur à un réservoir principal 26 contenant ce mélange. Ce mélange est amené à circuler entre le réservoir principal et l'injecteur sous l'effet d'un moyen de pompage, comme une pompe 28. Ce réservoir principal contient initialement un agent réducteur, qui est de l'ammoniac ou un composé générant de l'ammoniac par décomposition, comme de l'urée. The mixture introduced into the exhaust line by the injector 20 is fed through a conduit 24 connecting this injector to a main tank 26 containing this mixture. This mixture is circulated between the main tank and the injector under the effect of a pumping means, such as a pump 28. This main reservoir initially contains a reducing agent, which is ammonia or a compound generating ammonia by decomposition, such as urea.
A titre d'exemple non limitatif, cet ammoniac est obtenu indirectement par décomposition d'un précurseur injecté sous forme liquide dans la ligne d'échappement, généralement de l'urée en solution aqueuse à 32,5 % m/m plus connu en Europe sous la dénomination commerciale nommée "AdBlue". Pour des raisons de simplification dans la suite de la description, il sera utilisé le terme générique "agent réducteur" qui couvre aussi bien l'agent réducteur ou un précurseur de cet agent réducteur.  By way of nonlimiting example, this ammonia is obtained indirectly by decomposition of a precursor injected in liquid form into the exhaust line, generally urea in aqueous solution at 32.5% w / w, better known in Europe. under the trade name "AdBlue". For reasons of simplification in the following description, it will be used the generic term "reducing agent" which covers both the reducing agent or a precursor of this reducing agent.
Le contenu de ce réservoir principal est complété, après chaque remplissage d'agent réducteur, par des moyens d'additivation de l'agent réducteur. The contents of this main reservoir are supplemented, after each filling of reducing agent, by additivation means of the reducing agent.
Cet additif peut être un produit qui facilite la régénération du filtre à particules, un produit destiné à améliorer la pulvérisation de l'agent réducteur, un produit destiné à abaisser le point de gel de l'agent réducteur, un produit destiné à masquer l'odeur de l'agent réducteur ou une combinaison d'au moins deux de ces produits.  This additive can be a product which facilitates the regeneration of the particulate filter, a product intended to improve the spraying of the reducing agent, a product intended to lower the gel point of the reducing agent, a product intended to mask the odor of the reducing agent or a combination of at least two of these products.
Selon un mode de réalisation, l'additif être comprendre un produit qui facilite la régénération du filtre à particules. Dans ce cas, l'additif peut être un oxyde métallique.  According to one embodiment, the additive is comprised of a product that facilitates the regeneration of the particulate filter. In this case, the additive may be a metal oxide.
Avantageusement, l'additif peut être une combinaison d'un produit qui facilite la régénération du filtre à particules avec au moins un additif choisi parmi :  Advantageously, the additive may be a combination of a product which facilitates the regeneration of the particulate filter with at least one additive chosen from:
- un produit destiné à améliorer la pulvérisation de l'agent réducteur, a product intended to improve the spraying of the reducing agent,
- un produit destiné à abaisser le point de gel de l'agent réducteur, a product intended to lower the gel point of the reducing agent,
- un produit destiné à masquer l'odeur.  - a product intended to mask the odor.
En plus de l'additif, les moyens d'additivation et/ou le réservoir 26 peuvent comprendre un produit permettant de limiter ou de supprimer la formation de dépôts issus de sous-produits de décomposition de l'agent réducteur. Ce type de produit peut être un produit organique. A titre d'exemple illustré à la figure unique, le réservoir 26 est raccordé à des moyens d'additivation comprenant un circuit d'additivation 30. In addition to the additive, the additivation means and / or the reservoir 26 may comprise a product making it possible to limit or eliminate the formation of deposits derived from decomposition by-products of the reducing agent. This type of product can be an organic product. By way of example illustrated in the single figure, the reservoir 26 is connected to additive means comprising an additive circuit 30.
Ce circuit comprend au moins un réservoir d'additivation 32 qui est relié au réservoir principal par un conduit d'additivation 34. De même, un moyen de pompage et de dosage d'additif 36, comme une pompe doseuse, est placée sur ce conduit pour amener l'additif de ce réservoir d'additivation vers le réservoir.  This circuit comprises at least one additive tank 32 which is connected to the main tank by an additive duct 34. Similarly, a pumping and additive dosing means 36, such as a dosing pump, is placed on this duct to bring the additive of this additive tank to the reservoir.
Le circuit d'additivation peut comprendre un réservoir d'additivation avec un ou plusieurs additifs énumérés ci-dessus ou plusieurs réservoirs d'additivation contenant chacun un additif différent.  The additive circuit may comprise an additive tank with one or more additives listed above or several additive tanks each containing a different additive.
Bien entendu, le terme réservoir couvre tout contenant d'un fluide, tels que des contenants rigides ou des poches souples, en particulier en des matériaux intégrant des polymères synthétiques ou naturels. Of course, the term reservoir covers any container of a fluid, such as rigid containers or flexible bags, in particular materials incorporating synthetic or natural polymers.
Ainsi, après le remplissage du réservoir principal 26 avec l'agent réducteur, la pompe doseuse d'additivation 36 est actionnée pour introduire, via le conduit d'additivation 34, la quantité souhaitée d'additif(s) dans le réservoir principal en réalisant ainsi le mélange qui sera introduit dans la ligne d'échappement par l'injecteur. La quantité d'additif(s) à ajouter dans le réservoir principal est déterminée par la concentration en additif(s) cible qui permet d'obtenir l'effet souhaité en minimisant la quantité d'additif(s) introduite, tant pour des raisons économique que pour limiter un encrassement ou un empoisonnement éventuel du système de dépollution. Thus, after the filling of the main tank 26 with the reducing agent, the additive dosing pump 36 is actuated to introduce, via the additive duct 34, the desired quantity of additive (s) into the main tank by producing thus the mixture that will be introduced into the exhaust line by the injector. The quantity of additive (s) to be added to the main tank is determined by the concentration of the target additive (s) which makes it possible to obtain the desired effect by minimizing the quantity of additive (s) introduced, for reasons that are only to limit the possible fouling or poisoning of the pollution control system.
Bien entendu, il est à la portée de l'homme du métier de disposer sur le réservoir principal tous moyens, comme des capteurs, pour connaître, d'une part le niveau de remplissage par l'agent réducteur et, d'autre part, le niveau de remplissage par le ou les additifs. Cette solution permet ainsi d'utiliser un réservoir spécifique pour l'additif de régénération du filtre à particules qui serait rempli en usine.  Of course, it is within the abilities of those skilled in the art to have on the main tank any means, such as sensors, to know, on the one hand, the level of filling by the reducing agent and, on the other hand, the level of filling with the additive (s). This solution thus makes it possible to use a specific reservoir for the regeneration additive of the particulate filter which would be filled at the factory.
En outre, du fait d'une consommation limitée de cet additif, en comparaison avec l'agent réducteur, ce réservoir requiert un remplissage bien moins fréquent. De plus, cette solution a l'avantage de disposer d'une installation beaucoup plus fiable puisque l'additivation se fait d'une manière quasiment automatique sans l'intervention d'un opérateur. In addition, because of a limited consumption of this additive, in comparison with the reducing agent, this reservoir requires a much less frequent filling. In addition, this solution has the advantage of having a much more reliable installation since the additivation is done almost automatically without the intervention of an operator.
Dans une variante non illustrée, les moyens d'additivation comprennent un ou plusieurs additifs sous forme liquide ou solide directement introduits dans le réservoir principal plus particulièrement au travers du goulot de ce réservoir. Dans une autre variante également non illustrée, l'additivation s'effectuera par perforation d'une capsule contenant un ou plusieurs additifs (solide ou liquide) de façon à venir déverser cet ou ces additifs dans le réservoir principal contenant l'agent réducteur et plus particulièrement au travers du goulot de ce réservoir. La présente invention n'est pas limité à l'exemple décrit ci-dessus mais englobe toutes autres réalisations de moyen de captation et d'élimination des particules et de moyen de réduction des NOx. In a variant not illustrated, the additive means comprise one or more additives in liquid or solid form directly introduced into the main tank, more particularly through the neck of this tank. In another variant also not illustrated, the additivation will be perforation of a capsule containing one or more additives (solid or liquid) so as to pour this additive or additives into the main reservoir containing the reducing agent and more especially through the neck of this tank. The present invention is not limited to the example described above but encompasses all other embodiments of particulate capture and removal means and NOx reduction means.
Notamment, le filtre FRCS de la figure unique, qui est en un seul élément, peut être remplacé par au moins deux moyens de traitement des gaz d'échappement avec un catalyseur RCS suivi par un filtre à particules. Dans cette configuration, l'injecteur 20 est placé en amont du catalyseur RCS.  In particular, the FRCS filter of the single figure, which is in a single element, can be replaced by at least two exhaust gas treatment means with a SCR catalyst followed by a particulate filter. In this configuration, the injector 20 is placed upstream of the SCR catalyst.
A l'inverse, l'un des moyens peut être un filtre à particules qui est suivi par un catalyseur avec le placement de l'injecteur en amont du filtre à particules. Conversely, one of the means may be a particulate filter which is followed by a catalyst with the placement of the injector upstream of the particulate filter.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 ) Installation pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement circulant dans une ligne d'échappement (10), notamment d'un moteur à combustion interne, comprenant au moins un moyen de catalyse à réduction catalytique sélective des oxydes d'azote (NOx), au moins un moyen d'élimination des particules, un réservoir principal (26) comprenant au moins un agent réducteur, et un ou plusieurs moyens d'introduction (20) de l'agent réducteur dans la ligne d'échappement, caractérisée en ce que l'installation comprend des moyens d'additivation (30) de l'agent réducteur, et ce que l'additif est un produit qui facilite la phase de régénération du moyen d'élimination de particules, ou un produit destiné à améliorer la pulvérisation de l'agent réducteur, ou un produit destiné à abaisser le point de gel de l'agent réducteur, ou un produit destiné à masquer l'odeur de l'agent réducteur, ou une combinaison d'au moins deux de ces produits. 1) Installation for the depollution of the exhaust gases circulating in an exhaust line (10), in particular of an internal combustion engine, comprising at least one catalytic reduction means with selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) at least one particulate removal means, a main reservoir (26) comprising at least one reducing agent, and one or more means (20) for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust line, characterized in that that the installation comprises means for additive (30) of the reducing agent, and that the additive is a product that facilitates the regeneration phase of the particulate removal means, or a product intended to improve the spraying reducing agent, or a product intended to lower the gel point of the reducing agent, or a product intended to mask the odor of the reducing agent, or a combination of at least two of these products.
2) Installation pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que les moyens d'additivation comprennent un circuit d'additivation (30). 3) Installation pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le circuit d'additivation (30) comprend au moins un réservoir d'additivation (32) raccordé au réservoir principal (26). 2) Installation for the pollution control of exhaust gas according to claim 1, characterized in that the additive means comprise an additivation circuit (30). 3) Installation for the pollution control of exhaust gas according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the additive circuit (30) comprises at least one additive tank (32) connected to the main reservoir (26).
4) Installation pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce que le réservoir d'additivation (32) contient au moins un additif. 4) Installation for the pollution control of exhaust gas according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the additive tank (32) contains at least one additive.
5) Installation pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le circuit d'additivation (30) comprend au moins un moyen de pompage et de dosage d'additif (36). 5) Installation for the pollution control of exhaust gas according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additive circuit (30) comprises at least one pumping means and additive dosing (36).
6) Installation pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'additif comprend un produit qui facilite la phase de régénération du moyen d'élimination de particules,. 7) Installation pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'agent réducteur est un agent réducteur contenant de l'ammoniac ou un composé précurseur d'ammoniac. 6) Installation for the pollution control of exhaust gas according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additive comprises a product which facilitates the regeneration phase of the particulate removal means. 7) Installation for the pollution control of exhaust gas according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reducing agent is a reducing agent containing ammonia or an ammonia precursor compound.
8) Installation pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que l'agent réducteur est un hydrocarbure oxygéné ou non. 9) Procédé pour utiliser l'installation pour la dépollution des gaz d'échappement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que8) Installation for the pollution control of exhaust gas according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the reducing agent is an oxygenated hydrocarbon or not. 9) Method for using the installation for the exhaust gas depollution according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
- on remplit le réservoir principal (26) avec l'agent réducteur puis - the main tank (26) is filled with the reducing agent then
- on additive l'agent réducteur contenu dans le réservoir principal (26). 10) Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'on additive l'agent réducteur avec au moins un additif contenu dans au moins un réservoir d'additivation (32).  the reducing agent contained in the main reservoir (26) is added. 10) Process according to claim 9, characterized in that additive the reducing agent with at least one additive contained in at least one additive tank (32).
1 1 ) Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'on additive l'agent réducteur avec au moins un additif sous forme solide introduit directement dans le réservoir principal. 1 1) Method according to claim 9, characterized in that additive the reducing agent with at least one additive in solid form introduced directly into the main tank.
12) Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'on additive l'agent réducteur avec au moins un additif sous forme liquide introduit directement dans le réservoir principal (26). 12) Process according to claim 9, characterized in that additive the reducing agent with at least one additive in liquid form introduced directly into the main reservoir (26).
13) Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'on additive l'agent réducteur avec au moins un additif contenu dans une capsule à perforer au préalable de son introduction dans le réservoir (26). 13) Method according to claim 9, characterized in that additive the reducing agent with at least one additive contained in a capsule to be perforated prior to its introduction into the reservoir (26).
EP17737581.3A 2016-08-26 2017-07-11 Installation for depolluting exhaust gases, particularly of an internal combustion engine, and method for using such an installation Pending EP3503993A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1657969A FR3055220B1 (en) 2016-08-26 2016-08-26 INSTALLATION FOR THE DEPOLLUTION OF EXHAUST GASES, ESPECIALLY AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, AND METHOD FOR THE USE OF SUCH AN INSTALLATION
PCT/EP2017/067356 WO2018036712A1 (en) 2016-08-26 2017-07-11 Installation for depolluting exhaust gases, particularly of an internal combustion engine, and method for using such an installation

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US (1) US11092053B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3503993A1 (en)
JP (1) JP7009450B2 (en)
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KR102353657B1 (en) 2022-01-20
FR3055220B1 (en) 2020-02-28
FR3055220A1 (en) 2018-03-02
JP7009450B2 (en) 2022-01-25
US20190178136A1 (en) 2019-06-13
WO2018036712A1 (en) 2018-03-01
JP2019532208A (en) 2019-11-07
KR20190039166A (en) 2019-04-10
CN109689185A (en) 2019-04-26
US11092053B2 (en) 2021-08-17

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