EP3500722B1 - Opérations de fond de trou relatives à des massifs de gravier en trou ouvert et outils destinés à être utilisés au cours de celles-ci - Google Patents

Opérations de fond de trou relatives à des massifs de gravier en trou ouvert et outils destinés à être utilisés au cours de celles-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3500722B1
EP3500722B1 EP17754778.3A EP17754778A EP3500722B1 EP 3500722 B1 EP3500722 B1 EP 3500722B1 EP 17754778 A EP17754778 A EP 17754778A EP 3500722 B1 EP3500722 B1 EP 3500722B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
sleeve
heater body
tool
well
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17754778.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
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EP3500722A1 (fr
Inventor
Paul Carragher
Lance Underwood
Sylvain Bedouet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bisn Tec Ltd
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Bisn Tec Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB1614227.5A external-priority patent/GB2550624B/en
Application filed by Bisn Tec Ltd filed Critical Bisn Tec Ltd
Publication of EP3500722A1 publication Critical patent/EP3500722A1/fr
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Publication of EP3500722B1 publication Critical patent/EP3500722B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/008—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using chemical heat generating means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/124—Units with longitudinally-spaced plugs for isolating the intermediate space
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
    • E21B43/04—Gravelling of wells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to well tools for use in downhole operations, such as oil and gas well work. More specifically the invention relates to tools capable of setting eutectic/bismuth based alloy seals and plugs in Open Hole Gravel Packs (OHGP).
  • OHGP Open Hole Gravel Packs
  • Open hole completions and in particular Open Hole Gravel Packs (OHGP) present a different set of challenges to cased-hole completions when it comes to oil/gas well repair, abandonment and completion operations.
  • remedial action can be taken to isolation the zone so that the rest of the wellbore can continue to produce from the rest of the zones.
  • One approach used in these remedial operations is to use cement/resin to plug or seal the particular zone of the open hole completion that is failing.
  • US 2006/0144591 A1 relates to a method and associated apparatus for sealing a region of a sand screen of an Open Hole Gravel Pack without the need to perforate the sand screen by employing eutectic alloy to form the seal.
  • US 3,208,530 relates to an apparatus for setting bismuth based alloy bridge plugs in well boreholes, wherein the alloy is at least partially surrounded by an insulating sleeve.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a eutectic/bismuth based alloy well plugging/sealing tool to deploy an alloy seal within a region of a sand screen of an Open Hole Gravel Pack without the need to perforate the sand screen in accordance with claim 1.
  • the viscosity of the molten eutectic/bismuth based alloy is such that it can flow out through the screens and reach the surrounding sand, for example. This eliminates the need to perforate the screen, which can potentially destroy the completion.
  • Providing the insulating sleeve helps to 'super heat' the alloy that is held between the heater body and the sleeve.
  • Super heating the molten alloy enables the alloy to penetrate further into the surrounding environment when it eventually leaves the tool. This is considered particularly beneficial when forming seals in the open hole completions of wells located in sand pack formations.
  • the sleeve may not extend the full length of the heater body and/or the alloy.
  • Extending the sleeve along only a portion of the alloy serves to control the location on the well tool from which the molten alloy is released. That is to say, the alloy is trapped between the heater and the sleeve (i.e. in the annular space) until the sleeve ends - at which point the molten alloy is free to escape into the surrounding environment.
  • the sleeve may be provided with weakened regions that perish before the main body of the sleeve and provide clearly defined conduits for the molten alloy to escape. In this way the sleeve is once again configured to provide a focused outlet for the alloy as it is melted by the chemical heat source.
  • Providing the sleeve with insulating properties is highly beneficial because it serves to reduce heat loss from the tool of the present invention. This means that any heat generated by the tool is used more efficiently, which in turn means that less chemical heat source material is needed to achieve the required heat output.
  • This more efficient use of the chemical heat source material means that less space needs to be given over to the cavity in the heater body, which in turn enables the overall diameter of the well plugging/sealing tool to be decreased without necessarily having to also increase the length of the tool.
  • Cross-flow occurs when fluids move down a pressure gradient within the well and in doing so create a flow of fluids past the target region which can remove heat from the region over time.
  • tubular heater body, the alloy and the sleeve may be arranged co-axially to one another.
  • tubular heater body and the sleeve define an annular space within which at least a portion of the alloy is enclosed.
  • a shielded region is provided to house at least a portion of the alloy.
  • the sleeve may be formed from a material which has structural strength. Providing a sleeve with increased structural strength helps to protect the well tool as it is deployed down-hole. This is considered particularly important in the case of highly deviated wells because it is not uncommon for well tools to be dragged across substantially horizontal regions, which can subject the well tool to stresses.
  • the sleeve is preferably formed from one or more of the following: fibre glass, thin steel, carbon fibre, and synthetic fibre of a high tensile strength (e.g. Kevlar ® ).
  • the material may be used in combination to achieve both insulating and structural benefits.
  • composite materials capable of providing both benefits may also be employed to form the sleeve.
  • the exposed alloy may be provided with an outer diameter that is less than the rest of the tool.
  • the well tool may further comprise connection means for attaching the well plugging/sealing tool to a well deployment tool.
  • connection means may secure the heater body and the sleeve together.
  • the well tool may further comprise resilient basing means located within the cavity of the tubular heater body that are configured to impart pressure on any chemical heat source received with the cavity.
  • the various aspects of the present invention disclosed herein are considered particularly suitable for use in down-hole operations that take place within gas and oil wells.
  • the well plug of the present invention is considered particularly suitable for use in repair operations involving Open Hole Gravel Packs.
  • OHGP Open Hole Gravel Pack'
  • Figure 1 shows a well plugging/sealing tool 1 suitable for use in the methods of the present invention.
  • the well plugging/sealing tool 1 is formed from a centrally located heater body 2 made, for example, from steel, aluminium, stainless steel, carbon fibre, high temperature plastic.
  • the heater body 2 is provided with a suitable eutectic/bismuth based alloy 3 along majority of its outside length.
  • the heater body 2 is also provided with a cavity 4 that, in use, receives a chemical heat source material, which may be a thermite mix in a powdered form, solid block form, fragmented block (i.e. crumble) form or a combination thereof.
  • a chemical heat source material which may be a thermite mix in a powdered form, solid block form, fragmented block (i.e. crumble) form or a combination thereof.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are shown without any chemical heat source material within the cavity.
  • the internal walls of the heater body 2 are protected by coating the inner walls of the heater body that define the cavity 4 with a lining of refractory material 5 (shown as dashed line for ease of identification).
  • the walls of the cavity are coated with zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), otherwise known as zirconium dioxide or zirconia.
  • ZrO 2 zirconium oxide
  • suitable alternative including fibre glass, Kevlar ® and other ceramic materials such as aluminium oxide and magnesium oxide.
  • zirconium oxide may also be partially stabilized using dopants such as yttrium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and cerium (III) oxide.
  • the zirconium oxide coating is applied to the inner walls of the heater body 2 using a drip process.
  • the drip process is considered preferable due to its economic efficiency.
  • the coating may be applied using alternative approaches such as vapour deposition and spraying (including thermal spraying).
  • connection means 6 such that the tool 1 can be attached to a well deployment tool (not shown) for delivery down-hole.
  • the tool and well deployment tool are shown in Figure 2 .
  • a sleeve 7 is provided on the outer surface of a majority (preferably at least 2/3 of the total length) of the well plugging/sealing tool 1.
  • the sleeve 7 acts with the heater body 2 to almost completely envelop the alloy 3 with an annular space between the sleeve and the heater body 2.
  • the sleeve 7 serves to protect the alloy 3.
  • the sleeve protects the alloy mechanically as the well plug travels down-hole to the target region.
  • the sleeve is preferably made using a structurally strong and resilient material, such as thin steel or Kevlar ® tubing. The mechanical protection is considered particularly necessary when the well plug assembly is being deployed in highly deviated wells (i.e. wells with non-vertical orientations).
  • the sleeve protects the alloy by insulating it from the down-hole environment.
  • the sleeve is preferably made using a material with suitable insulating properties, such as fibre glass.
  • the insulating protection provided by the sleeve is considered to be essential in operations according to the methods of the present invention.
  • providing an insulating layer outside the alloy serves to not only retain heat within the well tool 1 for longer - thus giving more efficient heat generation - but it also counters the loss of heat that might occur to fluids flowing passed the well tool within the target region.
  • the well plugging/sealing tool 1 shown in Figure 1 is provided with both a mechanically protective outer sleeve 7 (e.g. thin steel) and an insulating sleeve layer 7a (e.g. fibre glass).
  • a mechanically protective outer sleeve 7 e.g. thin steel
  • an insulating sleeve layer 7a e.g. fibre glass
  • a composite material with suitable structural and heat retaining characteristic might be employed instead of the two layer sleeve arrangement.
  • the sleeve 7 (and inner sleeve 7a) only extends along a portion of the full length of the well plugging/sealing tool 1. As a result a portion of the alloy and the heater are not shielded by the sleeve and is exposed. The exposed portion of the alloy is identified as 3a in the drawings.
  • the outer diameter of the exposed alloy region 3a is less than the outer diameter of the neighbouring regions of the tool 1. It will be appreciated that by setting the alloy in the exposed region 3a back from the skirt 11 (described later) and the sleeve 7 the exposed region, which is not shielded by the sleeve, is less likely to be damaged by bumps and collisions as the tool is run down the hole.
  • the partial coverage of the alloy 3 by the sleeve causes the covered alloy to become super-heated within the annular space between the heater and the sleeve because the alloy's only escape route is located at the point where the sleeve ends. It is envisaged that the positioning of the sleeve's end point can therefore be used to focus where the molten alloy is ejected into the surrounding well environment.
  • a similar focused deployment of molten alloy may be achieved by providing a sleeve that covers all of the alloy, but which is provided with weakened points that are configured to fail before the rest of the sleeve so as to form conduits through which the molten alloy can escape.
  • the well tool 1 shown in Figure 1 is also provided with wear pads 9 that project out radially from the sleeve 7 of the well tool 1.
  • the wear pads are preferably provided on a spacer 8 which has the main function of securing the heater body 2 to the sleeve 7, 7a.
  • the spacer 8 may not be required.
  • the wear pads can be mounted onto the sleeve.
  • wear pads 9 Although only a pair of wear pads 9 is shown in Figure 1 , it will be appreciated that the pads could be arranged periodically around the entire circumference of the outer surface of the well tool 1. It is also envisaged that multiple sets of wear pads could advantageously be positioned along the length of the well plug's outer surface.
  • annular space between the heater 2 and the sleeve is not entirely filed with alloy 3.
  • a spacer element 10 is provided in the annular space above the alloy 3.
  • the spacer element 10 which is preferably made from a structurally robust material such as steel, provides the well plug with a structurally reinforced region that can be more readily used by gripping machines to pick the well plug up during above-ground handling operations. It is envisaged that without the space element 10, a gripping machine would be more likely to crush the well plug due to the soft nature of eutectic/bismuth based alloys.
  • the well tool 1 is provided with a skirt 11 on its leading end.
  • the skirt 11, which is essentially an open ended tube attached to the end of the heater body 2, allows well fluids to flow in and out of the open end thereby removing heat from the system and allowing the alloy to cool as it moves away from the heater body 2.
  • connection means 5 also serves to hold the heater body 2 and the sleeve 7 together by way of grub screws 16 (sleeve to connection means) and 17 (heater body to connection means).
  • an ignition device 18 which is in operable communication with an operator at ground level via a linkage that passed through the connection means 6 and the well deployment tool 15.
  • a spring 19 is also located within the cavity 4.
  • the spring 19, one end of which urges against the ignition device 18, is used to urge the blocks of the chemical heat source material housed in the cavity together so as to eliminate unwanted gaps between the blocks (not shown).
  • the spring is provided with a washer (not shown) that increases the surface area pushing against the blocks.
  • the spacer element 10 is located in a region that is not aligned with the heater cavity 4 into which the chemical heat source material is received.
  • the alloy is aligned with the heater cavity so as to ensure it is adequately heated.
  • An open hole 100 is formed in an underground formation so as to access an underground oil/gas reservoir.
  • the oil/gas is extracted from the reservoir via the production tubing 101, which in the region of the reservoir comprises a screen with a plurality of slots or apertures designed to allow the free flow of downhole fluids, including oil, into the tubing and ultimately out of the well.
  • a proppant 102 is provided between the tubing 101 and the surrounding formation 100.
  • the first stream 103 represents a fluid with an acceptable proportion of oil to water.
  • the second stream 104 represents a fluid with a much higher proportion of water.
  • the streams 103, 104 combine within the production tubing 101 they produce a combined fluid with a much less commercially acceptable oil to water ratio.
  • the first fluid stream 103 can be isolated from the second fluid stream 104. Typically this would be achieved by using cement to plug the OHGP just above the source of the second fluid stream 104.
  • a eutectic/bismuth based alloy plugging tool 1 is deployed. This deployment is shown in the second key stage of Figure 3 . As the tool 1 is shown in use the central cavity 4 of the tool is provided with a chemical heat source 105.
  • the molten alloy Due to the characteristics of the eutectic/bismuth alloy used in the described tool, the molten alloy also expands as it solidifies, thereby forming an effective plug 106 within the region above the undesirable fluid stream 104.
  • the plugs hold the by-pass conduit 109 in position within the production tubing so that the third fluid stream 103a can flow out of the well via the production tubing 101.
  • the plugs 106 isolate the source of the non-oil producing fluid stream 104 so that it does not dilute the other streams.
  • tubular member may be of any length to suit the spacing of the oil producing and non-oil producing sources. It will be appreciated that the term 'non-oil producing' also includes sources that produce oil but at in a too diluted state that requires too much post extraction processing before it can be used.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Utilisation d'un outil d'obturation et/ou de scellement de puits en alliage (1) pour déployer un alliage de scellement dans une région d'un tamis à sable d'un massif de gravier en trou ouvert sans avoir à perforer le tamis à sable, ledit outil comprenant :
    un corps de réchauffeur tubulaire (2) ayant une cavité intérieure (4) contenant une source de chaleur chimique (105) ;
    une quantité d'alliage (3) fournie en communication thermique avec le corps de réchauffeur (2) autour d'une surface extérieure du corps de réchauffeur, ledit alliage étant sélectionné dans un groupe constitué d'un alliage eutectique, un alliage de bismuth et un alliage à bas point de fusion (LMPA) ayant un point de fusion égal ou inférieur à 385°C ;
    un manchon isolant (7, 7a) fourni autour d'une surface extérieure de l'alliage, dans laquelle l'isolation fournie par le manchon amène l'alliage couvert à devenir surchauffé par la source de chaleur chimique ; et
    dans laquelle le manchon (7, 7a) est configuré pour fournir une sortie focalisée à l'alliage (3) lorsqu'il est fondu par la source de chaleur chimique.
  2. Utilisation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le manchon (7, 7a) ne s'étend pas sur toute la longueur du corps de réchauffeur (2) et/ou de l'alliage (3).
  3. Utilisation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle le manchon est fourni avec une ou plusieurs régions affaiblies qui périssent avant le corps principal du manchon et fournissent des conduits clairement définis par où l'alliage fondu s'échappe.
  4. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle le corps principal de réchauffeur tubulaire (2), l'alliage (2) et le manchon (7, 7a) sont agencés coaxialement les uns avec les autres.
  5. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle le corps principal de réchauffeur tubulaire (2) et le manchon (7, 7a) définissent un espace annulaire dans lequel au moins une partie de l'alliage (3) est enfermée.
  6. Utilisation selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle l'espace annulaire contient en outre un élément d'espacement (8, 10) ayant une résistance structurelle supérieure à celle de l'alliage.
  7. Utilisation selon la revendication 6, dans laquelle le corps principal de réchauffeur (2) est relié au manchon (7, 7a) via l'élément d'espacement (8) fourni dans l'espace annulaire entre le corps de réchauffeur et le manchon.
  8. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle le manchon (7, 7a) est formé à partir d'un ou plusieurs des éléments suivants : fibre de verre, fibre de carbone et fibre synthétique d'une haute résistance à la traction, par exemple le poly-para-phénylène téréphtalamide.
  9. Procédé de scellement d'une région d'un tamis à sable d'un massif de gravier en trou ouvert sans avoir à perforer le tamis à sable en utilisant d'un outil d'obturation et/ou de scellement de puits en alliage, ledit outil (1) comprenant :
    un corps de réchauffeur tubulaire (2) doté d'une cavité intérieure (4) contenant une source de chaleur chimique ;
    une quantité d'alliage (3) fournie en communication thermique avec le corps de réchauffeur (2) autour d'une surface extérieure du corps de réchauffeur, ledit alliage étant sélectionné dans un groupe constitué d'un alliage eutectique, un alliage de bismuth et un alliage à bas point de fusion (LMPA) ayant un point de fusion égal ou inférieur à 385°C ;
    un manchon isolant (7, 7a) fourni autour d'une surface extérieure de l'alliage (3), dans laquelle l'isolation fournie par le manchon amène l'alliage couvert à devenir surchauffé par la source de chaleur chimique ; et
    dans lequel le manchon (7, 7a) est configuré pour fournir une sortie focalisée à l'alliage (3) lorsqu'il est fondu par la source de chaleur chimique ; et
    dans lequel le procédé consiste à :
    délivrer l'outil (1) à une région cible adjacente au tamis à sable ;
    chauffer l'alliage (3) de sorte qu'il fond et circule à travers le tamis à sable ; et
    permettre à l'alliage de refroidir et de former un scellement (106).
EP17754778.3A 2016-08-19 2017-08-21 Opérations de fond de trou relatives à des massifs de gravier en trou ouvert et outils destinés à être utilisés au cours de celles-ci Active EP3500722B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1614227.5A GB2550624B (en) 2016-05-24 2016-08-19 Combined well plug/chemical heater assemblies for use in down-hole operations and associated heater cartridges
PCT/GB2017/051458 WO2017203248A1 (fr) 2016-05-24 2017-05-24 Ensembles obturateur de puits/élément chauffant chimique combinés destinés à être utilisés dans des opérations de fond de trou et cartouches d'élément chauffant associées
PCT/GB2017/052470 WO2018033760A1 (fr) 2016-08-19 2017-08-21 Opérations de fond de trou relatives à des massifs de gravier en trou ouvert et outils destinés à être utilisés au cours de celles-ci

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3500722A1 EP3500722A1 (fr) 2019-06-26
EP3500722B1 true EP3500722B1 (fr) 2023-12-20

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EP17754778.3A Active EP3500722B1 (fr) 2016-08-19 2017-08-21 Opérations de fond de trou relatives à des massifs de gravier en trou ouvert et outils destinés à être utilisés au cours de celles-ci

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3500722B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3500722T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018033760A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220018201A1 (en) * 2020-07-14 2022-01-20 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Casing annulus leakage repair method and system
NO346976B1 (en) * 2021-06-25 2023-03-20 Interwell Norway As Downhole well tool for permanently sealing a downhole well
GB2611583A (en) * 2021-10-11 2023-04-12 Bisn Tec Ltd Retrievable downhole heater
GB2612827A (en) * 2021-11-12 2023-05-17 Bisn Tec Ltd Gas-generating chemical heating mixtures and downhole tool assemblies with chemical heaters employing such
GB2617452A (en) * 2022-02-22 2023-10-11 Bisn Tec Ltd Downhole heating tools with increased heating capacity and associated tools and methods

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3208530A (en) * 1964-09-14 1965-09-28 Exxon Production Research Co Apparatus for setting bridge plugs
GB0023543D0 (en) * 2000-09-26 2000-11-08 Rawwater Engineering Company L Sealing method and apparatus
US20060144591A1 (en) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-06 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Method and apparatus for repair of wells utilizing meltable repair materials and exothermic reactants as heating agents
GB201414565D0 (en) * 2014-08-15 2014-10-01 Bisn Oil Tools Ltd Methods and apparatus for use in oil and gas well completion
GB2551693B (en) * 2016-05-24 2021-09-15 Bisn Tec Ltd Down-hole chemical heater and methods of operating such

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK3500722T3 (da) 2024-03-18
EP3500722A1 (fr) 2019-06-26
WO2018033760A1 (fr) 2018-02-22

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