EP3492715B1 - An internal combustion engine having at least one crankcase of the dry-sump type - Google Patents

An internal combustion engine having at least one crankcase of the dry-sump type Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3492715B1
EP3492715B1 EP17204484.4A EP17204484A EP3492715B1 EP 3492715 B1 EP3492715 B1 EP 3492715B1 EP 17204484 A EP17204484 A EP 17204484A EP 3492715 B1 EP3492715 B1 EP 3492715B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotation
common
pump
axis
engine
Prior art date
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Application number
EP17204484.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3492715A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre-Julien Hubert
Pierre GAVANIER
Christian Mercier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Helicopters SAS
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Airbus Helicopters SAS
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Priority to EP17204484.4A priority Critical patent/EP3492715B1/en
Priority to PL17204484T priority patent/PL3492715T3/en
Publication of EP3492715A1 publication Critical patent/EP3492715A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3492715B1 publication Critical patent/EP3492715B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/12—Closed-circuit lubricating systems not provided for in groups F01M1/02 - F01M1/10
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • F01M2001/0207—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps characterised by the type of pump
    • F01M2001/0238—Rotary pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • F01M2001/0253—Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps characterised by the pump driving means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/12—Closed-circuit lubricating systems not provided for in groups F01M1/02 - F01M1/10
    • F01M2001/126—Dry-sumps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of combustion engines with compression or controlled ignition.
  • the invention relates to a combustion engine comprising one or more crankcase (s) said (s) of the "dry” type because it (s) include (s) at least one separate lubricating fluid reservoir in which the engine lubricating fluid is routed.
  • combustion engine known as dry crankcase (s) has an improved operating efficiency compared to the type of combustion engines known as "wet sump (s)".
  • combustion engines with dry engine crankcase (s) make it possible in particular to eliminate the power losses linked to the bubbling of at least one crankshaft in its lubricating fluid during its rotational movement in at least one housing. guide of the engine casing (s).
  • Such so-called dry engine crankcase (s) combustion engines then generally comprise a plurality of pumps for pumping a mixture of lubricating fluid and air into at least one suction zone of the housing (s) ( s) guiding the engine casing (s). More particularly, the mixture can be pumped by a unit pump to pump the lubricating fluid present in each of the chambers capable of accommodating at least one crankshaft connecting rod of a guide housing.
  • a unit pump is then secured in connection of the recessed type with an external wall of the motor housing (s) to allow the lubricating fluid which it contains to be pumped and to be conveyed to a separate reservoir.
  • these unit pumps can then be mechanically connected to each other at their axis. unit rotation to form a pump train driven by a single pulley or by a single pinion secured to one of the axes of rotation of a unit pump.
  • pump trains can also be formed by several pumps arranged coaxially in the same pump casing secured to a motor casing.
  • the various pumps constituting the train can thus be driven by a common drive shaft as described in the documents. JP H03 237207 , DE 10 2010 011477 and JP 2006 132342 .
  • this type of pump train requires a large number of assembly parts to allow the connection in connection of the built-in type of each of the unit pumps with the motor casing (s).
  • Such a type of pump train in accordance with the prior art is therefore very heavy.
  • the pumps can be different depending on their placement in the pump train to correspond to the order of the chambers able to accommodate at least one connecting rod or their respective position relative to the ends of the engine.
  • a specific pump can be assigned to pump the lubricating fluid present in a timing case while the other pumps of the train are identical and make it possible to pump the lubricating fluid present in each of the chambers.
  • the different pumps can only be driven one by the other, afterwards, the drive power is supplied by one end of the pump train, the first pump driven pulling the next one step by step.
  • a pump train does not allow any adjustment aimed at damping the vibrations during its rotational movement.
  • each unit pump with a common discharge pipe for the lubricating fluid / air mixture are external to the engine casing (s) and therefore subject to leaks.
  • the connection surface between this common tubing and each of the unit pumps is determined as a function of the relative mounting of each unit pump with the motor housing (s). As a result, such a connecting surface does not have perfect flatness and makes the sealing to be ensured between this connecting surface and the common discharge pipe difficult.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to propose a combustion engine making it possible to overcome the limitations mentioned above.
  • the common drive shaft comprises an inner driving shaft and a hollow outer shaft driven by the inner shaft, the inner and outer shafts being arranged coaxially with respect to each other.
  • the combustion engine comprises a common drive shaft, the hollow outer shaft of which makes it possible to simultaneously drive the various internal lobe rotors of the pump train in rotation.
  • the pump train has a cylindrical outer shape complementary to that of the cylindrical bore of the engine housing (s). In this way, the pump train can be pre-assembled on the common drive shaft and then inserted and positioned inside the cylindrical bore in a single positioning operation in a translational movement in a direction coaxial with the R axis of the cylindrical bore.
  • Such lobe pumps are also designated by the term “positive displacement pumps” or even “positive displacement pumps” and are characterized by a proportionality ratio between flow rate and speed of rotation, independently of the discharge pressure.
  • this particular arrangement of the pump train makes it possible to produce any architecture for a multicylinder engine where the order of the pumps in the pump train can easily correspond to a preferential order of the pumping functions to be performed.
  • the insertion of the pump set inside the cylindrical bore of the engine casing (s) makes it possible to eliminate any flat junction surface between the external pump casings and the casing (s). engine (s). In fact, there is no longer any individual connection between each pump and the motor housing (s). Furthermore, the clearance present between the pump train and the cylindrical bore in which it is slid contains lubricating fluid which can participate in the damping of any relative movements between the two. In this way, the wear associated with these relative movements can be controlled, or even eliminated.
  • the axis R of the cylindrical bore can be arranged parallel to the axis of rotation V of the crankshaft (s).
  • the at least two pumps may include a common pump casing comprising an outer face of a shape complementary to that of the cylindrical bore of the motor casing (s), the common pump casing being immobilized in rotation by relative to the cylindrical bore, the common pump casing comprising a central portion making it possible to define a common suction chamber and a common delivery chamber for the mixture formed by the lubricating fluid and gas for the at least two pumps.
  • the pump train can include at least one group of two pumps comprising the same pump casing.
  • the shape of the external face of this pump casing cooperates in a complementary manner with the shape of the cylindrical bore.
  • a minimum radial clearance allows the insertion in translation of the common pump casing inside the cylindrical bore.
  • the motor housing (s) can include at least one suction hole, the suction hole (s) making it possible to put in communication hydraulic the guide housing of the motor housing (s) with the common suction chamber of the common pump housing.
  • This (or these) suction hole (s) thus make it possible to extract the lubricating fluid contained in the guide housing of the motor housing (s) towards the common suction chamber of the at least two pumps.
  • the motor casing (s) can include a common delivery ramp for the mixture formed by the lubricating fluid and gas, the common delivery ramp being arranged substantially parallel to the axis. R of the cylindrical bore.
  • the delivery manifold can also be directly machined in the engine casing (s), which eliminates any lubricating fluid leaks at one or more joint plane (s).
  • the motor crankcase (s) can include at least one delivery hole, the delivery hole (s) making it possible to put the common delivery chamber of the casing in hydraulic communication. common pump with the common running rail.
  • this (or these) discharge bore (s) thus make it possible to extract the lubricating fluid contained in the common discharge chamber of the at least two pumps towards the common running rail.
  • the discharge bore (s) can, for example, be "plugged” on the outside so as to eliminate the sources of leaks on the high pressure part hydraulically connected to the lubricating fluid reservoir separate from the crankcase (s).
  • a drive member can be made integral with an embedded-type connection with the internal shaft at a proximal end of the internal shaft, the internal and external shafts being joined together in an embedded-type connection at the level of 'a distal end of the inner shaft.
  • the drive member and the inner shaft do not have any degree of freedom with respect to each other.
  • a drive member may for its part be formed for example by a pinion capable of meshing with a toothed ring integral or more generally driven in rotation by a drive shaft such as in particular the crankshaft.
  • a drive member can also be formed by a receiving pulley driven in rotation by a belt, itself driven in rotation by a driving pulley driven in rotation by a driving shaft.
  • a degree of freedom in translation can be maintained between the inner and outer shafts at the distal end of the inner shaft.
  • Grooves of complementary shapes can for example be provided at the distal end to eliminate a degree of freedom in rotation along the first axis of rotation R1.
  • the common drive shaft may have a capacity for elastic torsional deformation.
  • Such an elastic deformation capacity may for example correspond to an angular displacement in torsion of the common drive shaft of between 10 ° and 15 ° in normal operation.
  • This elastic deformation capacity then makes it possible to adapt and dampen the modes of the torsional vibrations of the kinematic transmission chain of the rotational movement, making it possible for example to achieve traction, propulsion and / or lift in the air of a vehicle. on which is arranged this combustion engine.
  • this elastic deformation capacity makes it possible to provide at least one additional degree of freedom in the torsional vibratory system including the kinematic chain for transmitting a rotational movement of the vehicle on which such a motor is fitted.
  • each inner lobed rotor of the pump train may include an internal face cooperating with an external face of the common drive shaft, the facing internal and external faces being of complementary to polygonal section.
  • Such a polygonal section of an external face of the common drive shaft may for example be triangular in shape.
  • other equivalent means for transmitting a motor torque can also be used, such as in particular splines or keys.
  • each inner lobed rotor of the pump train may include an internal face cooperating with an external face of the common drive shaft, the facing internal and external faces comprising splines of complementary shapes.
  • such inner and outer rotors can for example be formed from a thermoplastic material such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) loaded with about 25% of short carbon fibers.
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • the pump train may include at least one rotating guide bearing along the first axis of rotation R1, the guide bearing (s) being arranged coaxially with the common drive shaft. .
  • Such a guide bearing then makes it possible to eliminate the friction between the common drive shaft and the common pump casing.
  • This guide bearing thus allows frictionless rotational movement along the first axis of rotation R1 of the common drive shaft relative to the common pump casing which itself remains stationary in the cylindrical bore.
  • the invention relates to a combustion engine comprising at least one dry-type crankcase.
  • such a combustion engine 1 comprises a "high engine” block 14 equipped with at least one cylinder head and at least one cylinder inside which at least one piston moves alternately in translation.
  • such a combustion engine 1 also comprises a "low engine” unit comprising at least one crankshaft 4 and at least one crankcase 2 making it possible to define a guide housing 3 for guiding the crankshaft 4 in rotation around an axis of rotation V.
  • a "low engine” unit comprising at least one crankshaft 4 and at least one crankcase 2 making it possible to define a guide housing 3 for guiding the crankshaft 4 in rotation around an axis of rotation V.
  • Such at least one crankcase 2 is of the dry type because the lubricating fluid 5 is constantly pumped out of the guide housing 3 by means of at least two pumps 7, 8.
  • these at least two pumps 7, 8 are arranged coaxially to define a train of pumps 10 and allow simultaneous suction of the lubricating fluid 5 in different compartments of the engine casing (s) 2 and / or in the upper engine block 14 and the engine housing (s) 2.
  • a pipe 11 then makes it possible to route the lubricating fluid 5 from the engine casing (s) 2 to the pump train 10 then to a separate reservoir 6.
  • Another pump 29 separate from the at least two pumps 7, 8 then makes it possible to re-route the lubricating fluid 5 through a supply pipe 19 to, for example, the high engine block 14.
  • a pipe 16 for its part makes it possible to reinject the gases 15 into the engine crankcase (s) 2.
  • the at least two pumps 7, 8 forming the pump train 10 are directly housed in a cylindrical bore 26 of the engine casing (s) 2.
  • a cylindrical bore 26 is generally produced by machining the (or s) motor housing (s) 2.
  • machining may consist of a turning, milling or drilling operation of the motor housing (s) 2.
  • such pumps 7, 8 each comprise respectively an inner rotor 17, 18 with lobes and an outer rotor with lobes 27, 28.
  • Such inner rotors 17, 18 with lobes are then movable in rotation about a first axis. of rotation R1 and the outer lobe rotors 27, 28 are for their part movable in rotation about a second axis of rotation R2 arranged parallel to the first axis of rotation R1.
  • the cylindrical bore 26 for its part comprises an axis R which is advantageously arranged parallel to the axis V of the crankshaft 4.
  • the combustion engine 1 then comprises a common drive shaft 20 driven in rotation about the first axis of rotation R1.
  • This common drive shaft 20 is then secured to the inner lobe rotors 17, 18 of the pump train 10 which in turn drive the outer lobe rotors 27, 28.
  • this common drive shaft 20 can be broken down into an inner driving shaft 30 and a hollow outer shaft 31 driven in rotation by the inner shaft 30.
  • Such an arrangement of the common drive shaft 20 in two parts distinct can in particular make it possible to adapt and absorb the torsional vibrations of a kinematic transmission chain of a rotational movement allowing for example the traction, the propulsion and / or the lift in the air of a vehicle on which such a combustion engine is reported 1.
  • O-rings 38 can be arranged at a middle zone 37 of the inner shaft 30 to allow, on the one hand, a radial centering of the inner shaft 30 with respect to the outer shaft 31 and, on the other hand, to 'damping any vibrations in a radial direction between the inner shaft 30 and the outer shaft 31. Such an arrangement thus makes it possible to avoid mechanical friction and the wear which would result therefrom.
  • Such a common drive shaft 20 is driven in rotation via a toothed ring not shown meshing with a drive pinion 32 secured to the inner shaft 30 at a proximal end 33 of this inner shaft 30.
  • the inner shaft 30 and the outer shaft 31 are secured to each other at a distal end 34 of this inner shaft 30.
  • Such securing can for example be achieved by means of grooves of complementary shapes made between the inner shaft. 30 and the outer shaft 31.
  • Such splines then make it possible not to eliminate a degree of freedom in translation at the level of the distal end 34 of the inner shaft 30.
  • the at least two pumps 7, 8 comprise a common pump casing 9 comprising an outer face 12 of cylindrical shape complementary to the inner shape of the cylindrical bore 26.
  • a central portion 13 of this common pump casing 9 allows then to define a common suction chamber 21 and a common delivery chamber 22 of the mixture formed by the lubricating fluid and gas between each of the two pumps 7, 8.
  • such a common pump casing 9 is positioned axially on the axis R of the cylindrical bore 26 so as to make on the one hand at least one suction hole 23 formed in an engine casing 2 correspond to the chamber of common suction 21 and on the other hand at least one delivery bore 25 with the common delivery chamber 22.
  • such a suction hole 23 makes it possible to put the guide housing 3 with the common suction chamber 21 of the common pump casing 9.
  • the delivery bore 25 enables the common delivery chamber 22 of the common pump casing 9 to be placed in hydraulic communication with a delivery rail common 24.
  • Such a common delivery ramp 24 is then arranged substantially parallel to the axis R of the cylindrical bore 26.
  • the suction hole 23 and the corresponding discharge hole 25 of a common pump casing 9 can be arranged substantially coaxially with one another and be produced in a single drilling operation of the (or ) engine casing (s) 2 from outside the engine casing (s) 2.
  • a plug 50 then makes it possible to tightly close an orifice 49 left open when drilling the casing (s) engine 2.
  • the pump train 10 may include at least one rotating guide bearing 40 making it possible to guide the outer shaft 31 in rotation about the first axis of rotation R1 relative to the common pump casing 9.
  • Such a guide bearing 40 can then be formed by placing two rings made in a material with a low coefficient of friction such as in particular self-lubricated bronze, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or any other material. A first ring is then secured to the outer shaft 31 and a second ring is secured to the common pump casing 9.
  • a material with a low coefficient of friction such as in particular self-lubricated bronze, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or any other material.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the pump train 10 can comprise four sets of two pumps 7, 8 arranged coaxially on the second axis of rotation R2. Each set allows for example to pump the lubricating fluid / gas mixture 5,15 contained in a chamber of the crankcase 2 capable of accommodating at least one connecting rod of the crankshaft 4. Each set of two pumps 7, 8 is then hydraulically isolated from a set two pumps 7, 8 juxtaposed by means of a separation plate 44 attached to either side of the common pump casing 9.
  • Such a separation plate between two sets of two pumps 7, 8 may also include lubrication channels intended to achieve good lubrication at the surfaces in contact with the inner lobe rotors 17, 18 and the outer lobe rotors 27. , 28.
  • end connecting pieces 41, 42 allow for their axial positioning with precision the pump train 10 inside the cylindrical bore 26. Such end connecting pieces 41, 42 also make it possible to immobilize in rotation, the common pump housing (s) 9 relative to the motor housing (s) 2. Such end connecting pieces 41, 42 can thus be secured in connection of the embedding type with the (or) engine housing (s) 2 by means of screws 45.
  • lugs of complementary shapes then make it possible to immobilize in rotation each common pump casing 9 with another juxtaposed common pump housing 9.
  • the end connecting pieces 41, 42 then make it possible to immobilize in rotation an assembly formed by the various common pump casings 9 juxtaposed with respect to the cylindrical bore 26 in which this assembly is arranged.
  • each inner lobed rotor 17, 18 of the pump train 10 comprises an inner face 35 cooperating with an outer face 36 of the common drive shaft 20. These inner 35 and outer faces 36 are thus arranged facing each other to allow the transmission of the rotational movement of the outer shaft 31 around the first axis of rotation R1 to each of the inner lobed rotors 17, 18.
  • these internal 35 and external 36 faces may for example be of complementary shapes with a polygonal section or else they may have grooves capable of cooperating with each other in a complementary manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des moteurs à combustion à allumage par compression ou commandé.The present invention relates to the field of combustion engines with compression or controlled ignition.

Plus particulièrement, l'invention se rapporte à un moteur à combustion comprenant un ou plusieurs carter(s) moteur dit(s) de type "sec" car il(s) comporte(nt) au moins un réservoir de fluide de lubrification séparé dans lequel le fluide de lubrification du moteur est acheminé.More particularly, the invention relates to a combustion engine comprising one or more crankcase (s) said (s) of the "dry" type because it (s) include (s) at least one separate lubricating fluid reservoir in which the engine lubricating fluid is routed.

Ce type de moteur à combustion dit à carter(s) moteur sec(s) présente un rendement de fonctionnement amélioré par rapport au type de moteurs à combustion dits à "carter(s) humide(s)". En effet, les moteurs à combustion à carter(s) moteur sec(s) permettent notamment de supprimer les pertes de puissance liées au barbotage d'au moins un vilebrequin dans son fluide de lubrification lors de son mouvement de rotation dans au moins un logement de guidage du (ou des) carter(s) moteur.This type of combustion engine known as dry crankcase (s) has an improved operating efficiency compared to the type of combustion engines known as "wet sump (s)". In fact, combustion engines with dry engine crankcase (s) make it possible in particular to eliminate the power losses linked to the bubbling of at least one crankshaft in its lubricating fluid during its rotational movement in at least one housing. guide of the engine casing (s).

De tels moteurs à combustion dits à carter(s) moteur sec(s) comportent alors généralement une pluralité de pompes pour pomper un mélange de fluide de lubrification et d'air dans au moins une zone d'aspiration du (ou des) logement(s) de guidage du (ou des) carter(s) moteur. Plus particulièrement, le mélange peut être pompé par une pompe unitaire pour pomper le fluide de lubrification présent dans chacune des chambres aptes à accueillir au moins une bielle de vilebrequin d'un logement de guidage.Such so-called dry engine crankcase (s) combustion engines then generally comprise a plurality of pumps for pumping a mixture of lubricating fluid and air into at least one suction zone of the housing (s) ( s) guiding the engine casing (s). More particularly, the mixture can be pumped by a unit pump to pump the lubricating fluid present in each of the chambers capable of accommodating at least one crankshaft connecting rod of a guide housing.

Tel que décrit dans le document GB 2205611 , une pompe unitaire est alors solidarisée en liaison de type encastrement avec une paroi externe du (ou des) carter(s) moteur pour permettre de pomper le fluide de lubrification qu'il contient et l'acheminer vers un réservoir séparé. De plus, ces pompes unitaires peuvent alors être connectées mécaniquement entre elles au niveau de leur axe de rotation unitaire pour former un train de pompes entraîné par une seule poulie ou par un seul pignon solidarisé avec l'un des axes de rotation d'une pompe unitaire.As described in the document GB 2205611 , a unit pump is then secured in connection of the recessed type with an external wall of the motor housing (s) to allow the lubricating fluid which it contains to be pumped and to be conveyed to a separate reservoir. In addition, these unit pumps can then be mechanically connected to each other at their axis. unit rotation to form a pump train driven by a single pulley or by a single pinion secured to one of the axes of rotation of a unit pump.

En outre, des trains de pompes peuvent également être formés par plusieurs pompes agencées coaxialement dans un même carter de pompe solidarisé avec un carter moteur. Les différentes pompes constituant le train peuvent ainsi être entraînées par un arbre d'entrainement commun tel que décrit dans les documents JP H03 237207 , DE 10 2010 011477 et JP 2006 132342 .In addition, pump trains can also be formed by several pumps arranged coaxially in the same pump casing secured to a motor casing. The various pumps constituting the train can thus be driven by a common drive shaft as described in the documents. JP H03 237207 , DE 10 2010 011477 and JP 2006 132342 .

Cependant, un tel type de moteur à combustion n'est pas optimum et présente un certain nombre de défauts.However, such a type of combustion engine is not optimum and has a number of shortcomings.

En premier lieu, ce type de train de pompes nécessite un nombre important de pièces d'assemblage pour permettre la solidarisation en liaison de type encastrement de chacune des pompes unitaires avec le (ou les) carter(s) moteur. Un tel type de train de pompes conforme à l'art antérieur est donc très lourd.In the first place, this type of pump train requires a large number of assembly parts to allow the connection in connection of the built-in type of each of the unit pumps with the motor casing (s). Such a type of pump train in accordance with the prior art is therefore very heavy.

De plus, les pompes peuvent être différentes en fonction de leur placement dans le train de pompes pour correspondre à l'ordre des chambres aptes à accueillir au moins une bielle ou bien de leur position respective par rapport aux extrémités du moteur. Par exemple, une pompe spécifique peut être affectée au pompage du fluide de lubrification présent dans un carter de distribution alors que les autres pompes du train sont identiques et permettent de pomper le fluide de lubrification présent dans chacune des chambres.In addition, the pumps can be different depending on their placement in the pump train to correspond to the order of the chambers able to accommodate at least one connecting rod or their respective position relative to the ends of the engine. For example, a specific pump can be assigned to pump the lubricating fluid present in a timing case while the other pumps of the train are identical and make it possible to pump the lubricating fluid present in each of the chambers.

L'entraînement des différentes pompes ne peut s'effectuer que l'une par l'autre, à la suite, l'apport de puissance d'entraînement se faisant par une extrémité du train de pompes, la première pompe entraînée entraînant la suivante de proche en proche. Par suite, un tel train de pompes ne permet aucun réglage visant à amortir les vibrations lors de son mouvement de rotation.The different pumps can only be driven one by the other, afterwards, the drive power is supplied by one end of the pump train, the first pump driven pulling the next one step by step. As a result, such a pump train does not allow any adjustment aimed at damping the vibrations during its rotational movement.

En outre, les jonctions hydrauliques d'aspiration entre ces différentes pompes unitaires et le (ou les) carter(s) moteur sont nombreuses et sujettes à fuites.In addition, the hydraulic suction junctions between these various unit pumps and the engine crankcase (s) are numerous and subject to leaks.

De même, les jonctions d'évacuation de chaque pompe unitaire avec une tubulure d'évacuation commune du mélange fluide lubrification/air sont extérieures au(x) carter(s) moteur et donc sujettes à fuites. La surface de liaison entre cette tubulure commune et chacune des pompes unitaires est déterminée en fonction du montage relatif de chaque pompe unitaire avec le (ou les) carter(s) moteur. Par suite, une telle surface de liaison n'a pas une planéité parfaite et rend délicate l'étanchéité à assurer entre cette surface de liaison et la tubulure d'évacuation commune.Likewise, the discharge junctions of each unit pump with a common discharge pipe for the lubricating fluid / air mixture are external to the engine casing (s) and therefore subject to leaks. The connection surface between this common tubing and each of the unit pumps is determined as a function of the relative mounting of each unit pump with the motor housing (s). As a result, such a connecting surface does not have perfect flatness and makes the sealing to be ensured between this connecting surface and the common discharge pipe difficult.

Enfin, les vibrations du moteur agissent directement sur chaque pompe unitaire ou sur le carter de pompe rapporté sur le carter moteur et sollicitent leurs fixations avec le carter moteur. Ce type de solidarisation individuelle des pompes unitaires ,ou d'un carter de pompe, avec le (ou les) carter(s) moteur entraîne alors une difficulté à assurer la tenue en fatigue dans le temps de l'ensemble.Finally, the vibrations of the motor act directly on each unit pump or on the pump casing attached to the motor casing and stress their fixings with the motor casing. This type of individual securing of unit pumps, or of a pump casing, with the motor casing (s) then results in difficulty in ensuring the fatigue resistance of the assembly over time.

La présente invention a alors pour objet de proposer un moteur à combustion permettant de s'affranchir des limitations mentionnées ci-dessus.The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a combustion engine making it possible to overcome the limitations mentioned above.

Ainsi comme déjà évoqué, l'invention concerne un moteur à combustion comportant au moins un carter moteur permettant de définir un logement de guidage dans lequel au moins un vilebrequin est guidé en rotation autour d'un axe de rotation V et lubrifié par un fluide de lubrification, le (ou les) carter(s) moteur étant de type "sec", un tel moteur à combustion comportant :

  • un réservoir de fluide de lubrification séparé du (ou des) carter(s) moteur,
  • au moins deux pompes formant un train de pompes coaxiales et permettant de pomper un mélange formé par le fluide de lubrification et des gaz au moins au niveau du (ou des) carter(s) moteur, les au moins deux pompes comportent respectivement chacune un rotor intérieur à lobes et un rotor extérieur à lobes, le rotor intérieur à lobes étant mobile autour d'un premier axe de rotation R1 et le rotor extérieur à lobes étant mobile en rotation autour d'un second axe de rotation R2 parallèle au premier axe de rotation R1, chaque rotor intérieur à lobes du train de pompes étant entraîné en rotation par un arbre d'entraînement commun mobile en rotation autour du premier axe de rotation R1, chaque rotor extérieur à lobes du train de pompes étant entraîné en rotation par un rotor intérieur à lobes du train de pompes et le train de pompes étant rapporté dans un alésage cylindrique du (ou des) carter(s) moteur, l'alésage cylindrique comportant un axe R confondu avec le second axe de rotation R2 et distinct du premier axe de rotation R1, et
  • au moins une canalisation permettant de mettre en communication fluidique le (ou les) carter(s) moteur, les au moins deux pompes et le réservoir de fluide de lubrification.
As already mentioned, the invention relates to a combustion engine comprising at least one engine casing making it possible to define a guide housing in which at least one crankshaft is guided in rotation about an axis of rotation V and lubricated by a lubricating fluid, the engine crankcase (s) being of the "dry" type, such a combustion engine comprising:
  • a lubricating fluid reservoir separate from the engine crankcase (s),
  • at least two pumps forming a train of coaxial pumps and making it possible to pump a mixture formed by the lubricating fluid and gases at least at the level of the engine crankcase (s), the at least two pumps each comprise a rotor, respectively inner lobed rotor and an outer lobed rotor, the inner lobed rotor being movable about a first axis of rotation R1 and the outer lobed rotor being movable in rotation about a second axis of rotation R2 parallel to the first axis of rotation R1, each inner lobed rotor of the pump train being driven in rotation by a common drive shaft movable in rotation about the first axis of rotation R1, each outer lobed rotor of the pump train being driven in rotation by a rotor interior with lobes of the pump train and the pump train being fitted in a cylindrical bore of the engine casing (s), the cylindrical bore comprising an axis R coincident with the second axis of rotation R2 and d istinct from the first axis of rotation R1, and
  • at least one pipe making it possible to place the motor housing (s), the at least two pumps and the lubricating fluid reservoir in fluid communication.

Un tel moteur est remarquable en ce que l'arbre d'entraînement commun comporte un arbre intérieur menant et un arbre extérieur creux entraîné par l'arbre intérieur, les arbres intérieur et extérieur étant agencés coaxialement l'un par rapport à l'autre.Such a motor is remarkable in that the common drive shaft comprises an inner driving shaft and a hollow outer shaft driven by the inner shaft, the inner and outer shafts being arranged coaxially with respect to each other.

Autrement dit, le moteur à combustion comporte un arbre d'entraînement commun dont l'arbre extérieur creux permet d'entraîner en rotation de façon simultanée les différents rotors intérieurs à lobes du train de pompes.In other words, the combustion engine comprises a common drive shaft, the hollow outer shaft of which makes it possible to simultaneously drive the various internal lobe rotors of the pump train in rotation.

De plus, le train de pompes présente une forme extérieure cylindrique complémentaire à celle de l'alésage cylindrique du (ou des) carter(s) moteur(s). De cette manière, le train de pompes peut être préassemblé sur l'arbre d'entraînement commun puis inséré et positionné à l'intérieur de l'alésage cylindrique en une seule opération de mise en place selon un mouvement de translation selon une direction coaxiale à l'axe R de l'alésage cylindrique.In addition, the pump train has a cylindrical outer shape complementary to that of the cylindrical bore of the engine housing (s). In this way, the pump train can be pre-assembled on the common drive shaft and then inserted and positioned inside the cylindrical bore in a single positioning operation in a translational movement in a direction coaxial with the R axis of the cylindrical bore.

De telles pompes à lobes sont également désignées par le terme de "pompes à déplacement positif" ou encore de "pompes volumétriques" et sont caractérisées par un rapport de proportionnalité entre débit et vitesse de rotation, indépendamment de la pression de refoulement.Such lobe pumps are also designated by the term “positive displacement pumps” or even “positive displacement pumps” and are characterized by a proportionality ratio between flow rate and speed of rotation, independently of the discharge pressure.

Par ailleurs, cet agencement particulier du train de pompes permet de réaliser une architecture quelconque de moteur multicylindre où l'ordre des pompes dans le train de pompes peut correspondre facilement à un ordre préférentiel des fonctions de pompage à effectuer.Moreover, this particular arrangement of the pump train makes it possible to produce any architecture for a multicylinder engine where the order of the pumps in the pump train can easily correspond to a preferential order of the pumping functions to be performed.

En outre, une latitude supplémentaire de réglage des inerties et raideurs pour le comportement vibratoire du moteur associé à son application est apportée par l'entraînement du train de pompes par l'arbre d'entraînement commun dont la souplesse peut être ajustée par sa géométrie et notamment par son diamètre ou son profil. De plus, il est aussi possible de fractionner ou d'intervenir sur le profil de différents tronçons constituant cet arbre d'entraînement commun.In addition, additional latitude in adjusting the inertias and stiffnesses for the vibratory behavior of the motor associated with its application is provided by the drive of the pump train by the common drive shaft, the flexibility of which can be adjusted by its geometry and in particular by its diameter or its profile. In addition, it is also possible to split or intervene on the profile of different sections constituting this common drive shaft.

Par ailleurs, un tel agencement de l'arbre d'entraînement commun en deux arbres coaxiaux permet par exemple d'amortir d'éventuelles vibrations en torsion des arbres moteur et/ou de la chaîne cinématique de transmission permettant de transmettre le mouvement de rotation produit par le moteur à des organes aptes à générer un effort de traction ou de propulsion et de mettre en mouvement un véhicule équipé d'un tel moteur. Cet amortissement et cette adaptation vibratoire en torsion d'un véhicule peuvent ainsi être réalisés en concevant l'arbre intérieur menant et/ou de l'arbre extérieur creux du train de pompes avec des dimensions ou des formes particulières adaptées.Furthermore, such an arrangement of the common drive shaft in two coaxial shafts makes it possible for example to damp any torsional vibrations of the drive shafts and / or of the transmission kinematic chain making it possible to transmit the rotational movement produced. by the engine to organs capable of generating a traction or propulsion force and of setting in motion a vehicle equipped with such an engine. This damping and this vibration adaptation in torsion of a vehicle can thus be achieved by designing the driving internal shaft and / or the hollow external shaft of the pump train with specific dimensions or shapes adapted.

Par ailleurs, l'insertion du train de pompes à l'intérieur de l'alésage cylindrique du (ou des) carter(s) moteur permet de supprimer toute surface plane de jonction entre des carters de pompes externes et le (ou les) carter(s) moteur. En effet, il n'y a plus de solidarisation individuelle entre chaque pompe et le (ou les) carter(s) moteur. Par ailleurs, le jeu présent entre le train de pompes et l'alésage cylindrique dans lequel il est glissé contient du fluide de lubrification qui peut participer à l'amortissement des mouvements relatifs éventuels entre les deux. De cette manière, l'usure liée à ces mouvements relatifs peut être maîtrisée, voire supprimée.In addition, the insertion of the pump set inside the cylindrical bore of the engine casing (s) makes it possible to eliminate any flat junction surface between the external pump casings and the casing (s). engine (s). In fact, there is no longer any individual connection between each pump and the motor housing (s). Furthermore, the clearance present between the pump train and the cylindrical bore in which it is slid contains lubricating fluid which can participate in the damping of any relative movements between the two. In this way, the wear associated with these relative movements can be controlled, or even eliminated.

Avantageusement, l'axe R de l'alésage cylindrique peut être agencé parallèlement à l'axe de rotation V du (ou des) vilebrequin(s).Advantageously, the axis R of the cylindrical bore can be arranged parallel to the axis of rotation V of the crankshaft (s).

Un tel agencement parallèle entre l'axe de rotation V du (ou des) vilebrequin(s) et l'axe de rotation R de l'alésage cylindrique permet en effet d'optimiser la compacité et la masse résultante du (ou des) carter(s) moteur d'un tel moteur à combustion.Such a parallel arrangement between the axis of rotation V of the crankshaft (s) and the axis of rotation R of the cylindrical bore in fact makes it possible to optimize the compactness and the resulting mass of the crankcase (s). (s) engine of such a combustion engine.

En pratique, les au moins deux pompes peuvent comporter un carter de pompe commun comprenant une face externe de forme complémentaire à celle de l'alésage cylindrique du (ou des) carter(s) moteur, le carter de pompe commun étant immobilisé en rotation par rapport à l'alésage cylindrique, le carter de pompe commun comportant une portion centrale permettant de définir une chambre d'aspiration commune et une chambre de refoulement commune du mélange formé par le fluide de lubrification et de gaz pour les au moins deux pompes.In practice, the at least two pumps may include a common pump casing comprising an outer face of a shape complementary to that of the cylindrical bore of the motor casing (s), the common pump casing being immobilized in rotation by relative to the cylindrical bore, the common pump casing comprising a central portion making it possible to define a common suction chamber and a common delivery chamber for the mixture formed by the lubricating fluid and gas for the at least two pumps.

De cette manière, le train de pompes peut comporter au moins un groupe de deux pompes comportant un même carter de pompe. La forme de la face externe de ce carter de pompe coopère de façon complémentaire avec la forme de l'alésage cylindrique. Un jeu minimal radial permet cependant l'insertion en translation du carter de pompe commun à l'intérieur de l'alésage cylindrique.In this way, the pump train can include at least one group of two pumps comprising the same pump casing. The shape of the external face of this pump casing cooperates in a complementary manner with the shape of the cylindrical bore. However, a minimum radial clearance allows the insertion in translation of the common pump casing inside the cylindrical bore.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, le (ou les) carter(s) moteur peu(ven)t comporter au moins un perçage d'aspiration, le (ou les) perçage(s) d'aspiration permettant de mettre en communication hydraulique le logement de guidage du (ou des) carter(s) moteur avec la chambre d'aspiration commune du carter de pompe commun.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the motor housing (s) can include at least one suction hole, the suction hole (s) making it possible to put in communication hydraulic the guide housing of the motor housing (s) with the common suction chamber of the common pump housing.

Ce (ou ces) perçage(s) d'aspiration permettent ainsi d'extraire le fluide de lubrification contenu dans le logement de guidage du (ou des) carter(s) moteur vers la chambre d'aspiration commune des au moins deux pompes.This (or these) suction hole (s) thus make it possible to extract the lubricating fluid contained in the guide housing of the motor housing (s) towards the common suction chamber of the at least two pumps.

Avantageusement, le (ou les) carter(s) moteur peu(ven)t comporter une rampe de refoulement commune du mélange formé par le fluide de lubrification et de gaz, la rampe de refoulement commune étant agencée sensiblement parallèlement par rapport à l'axe R de l'alésage cylindrique.Advantageously, the motor casing (s) can include a common delivery ramp for the mixture formed by the lubricating fluid and gas, the common delivery ramp being arranged substantially parallel to the axis. R of the cylindrical bore.

De cette manière, la rampe de refoulement peut également être directement usinée dans le (ou les) carter(s) moteur ce qui supprime d'éventuelles fuites de fluide de lubrification au niveau d'un ou plusieurs plan(s) de joint.In this way, the delivery manifold can also be directly machined in the engine casing (s), which eliminates any lubricating fluid leaks at one or more joint plane (s).

En pratique, le (ou les) carter(s) moteur peu(ven)t comporter au moins un perçage de refoulement, le (ou les) perçage(s) de refoulement permettant de mettre en communication hydraulique la chambre de refoulement commune du carter de pompe commun avec la rampe de roulement commune.In practice, the motor crankcase (s) can include at least one delivery hole, the delivery hole (s) making it possible to put the common delivery chamber of the casing in hydraulic communication. common pump with the common running rail.

De même que précédemment, ce (ou ces) perçage(s) de refoulement permettent ainsi d'extraire le fluide de lubrification contenu dans la chambre de refoulement commune des au moins deux pompes vers la rampe de roulement commune. Une fois réalisé(s), le (ou les) perçage(s) de refoulement peu(ven)t par exemple être "bouchonné(s)" côté extérieur de manière à supprimer les sources de fuites sur la partie haute pression connectée hydrauliquement au réservoir de fluide de lubrification séparé du (ou des) carter(s) moteur.As previously, this (or these) discharge bore (s) thus make it possible to extract the lubricating fluid contained in the common discharge chamber of the at least two pumps towards the common running rail. Once completed, the discharge bore (s) can, for example, be "plugged" on the outside so as to eliminate the sources of leaks on the high pressure part hydraulically connected to the lubricating fluid reservoir separate from the crankcase (s).

Avantageusement, un organe d'entraînement peut être solidarisé en liaison de type encastrement avec l'arbre intérieur au niveau d'une extrémité proximale de l'arbre intérieur, les arbres intérieur et extérieur étant solidarisés entre eux en liaison de type encastrement au niveau d'une extrémité distale de l'arbre intérieur.Advantageously, a drive member can be made integral with an embedded-type connection with the internal shaft at a proximal end of the internal shaft, the internal and external shafts being joined together in an embedded-type connection at the level of 'a distal end of the inner shaft.

En d'autres termes, l'organe d'entraînement et l'arbre intérieur ne comportent aucun de degré de liberté l'un par rapport à l'autre. Un tel organe d'entraînement peut quant à lui être formé par exemple par un pignon apte à engrener avec une couronne dentée solidarisée ou plus généralement entraînée en rotation par un arbre moteur tel que notamment le vilebrequin. Selon un autre exemple de réalisation équivalent, un tel organe d'entraînement peut également être formé par une poulie réceptrice entraînée en rotation par une courroie, elle-même entraînée en rotation par une poulie motrice entraînée en rotation par un arbre moteur.In other words, the drive member and the inner shaft do not have any degree of freedom with respect to each other. Such a drive member may for its part be formed for example by a pinion capable of meshing with a toothed ring integral or more generally driven in rotation by a drive shaft such as in particular the crankshaft. According to another equivalent embodiment, such a drive member can also be formed by a receiving pulley driven in rotation by a belt, itself driven in rotation by a driving pulley driven in rotation by a driving shaft.

Au contraire, un degré de liberté en translation peut être conservé entre les arbres intérieur et extérieur au niveau de l'extrémité distale de l'arbre intérieur. Des cannelures de formes complémentaires peuvent par exemple être ménagées au niveau de l'extrémité distale pour supprimer un degré de liberté en rotation suivant le premier axe de rotation R1.On the contrary, a degree of freedom in translation can be maintained between the inner and outer shafts at the distal end of the inner shaft. Grooves of complementary shapes can for example be provided at the distal end to eliminate a degree of freedom in rotation along the first axis of rotation R1.

En pratique, l'arbre d'entraînement commun peut comporter une capacité de déformation élastique en torsion.In practice, the common drive shaft may have a capacity for elastic torsional deformation.

Une telle capacité de déformation élastique peut par exemple correspondre à un débattement angulaire en torsion de l'arbre d'entraînement commun compris entre 10° et 15° en fonctionnement normal. Cette capacité de déformation élastique permet alors d'adapter et amortir les modes des vibrations en torsion de la chaîne cinématique de transmission du mouvement de rotation permettant par exemple de réaliser la traction, la propulsion et/ou la sustentation dans les airs d'un véhicule sur lequel est agencé ce moteur à combustion. Autrement dit, cette capacité de déformation élastique permet d'apporter au moins un degré de liberté supplémentaire dans le système vibratoire en torsion incluant la chaîne cinématique de transmission d'un mouvement de rotation du véhicule sur lequel un tel moteur est agencé.Such an elastic deformation capacity may for example correspond to an angular displacement in torsion of the common drive shaft of between 10 ° and 15 ° in normal operation. This elastic deformation capacity then makes it possible to adapt and dampen the modes of the torsional vibrations of the kinematic transmission chain of the rotational movement, making it possible for example to achieve traction, propulsion and / or lift in the air of a vehicle. on which is arranged this combustion engine. In other words, this elastic deformation capacity makes it possible to provide at least one additional degree of freedom in the torsional vibratory system including the kinematic chain for transmitting a rotational movement of the vehicle on which such a motor is fitted.

Par ailleurs, la transmission du mouvement de rotation de l'arbre d'entraînement commun à chaque rotor intérieur à lobes peut être réalisée de différentes manières.Furthermore, the transmission of the rotational movement of the drive shaft common to each inner lobe rotor can be achieved in different ways.

Ainsi selon un premier exemple de réalisation de l'invention, chaque rotor intérieur à lobes du train de pompes peut comporter une face interne coopérant avec une face externe de l'arbre d'entraînement commun, les faces interne et externe en regard étant de formes complémentaires à section polygonale.Thus according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention, each inner lobed rotor of the pump train may include an internal face cooperating with an external face of the common drive shaft, the facing internal and external faces being of complementary to polygonal section.

Une telle section polygonale d'une face externe de l'arbre d'entraînement commun peut par exemple être de forme triangulaire. Bien entendu, d'autres moyens équivalents pour transmettre un couple moteur peuvent également être utilisés tels que notamment des cannelures ou des clavettes.Such a polygonal section of an external face of the common drive shaft may for example be triangular in shape. Of course, other equivalent means for transmitting a motor torque can also be used, such as in particular splines or keys.

Selon un second exemple de réalisation de l'invention, chaque rotor intérieur à lobes du train de pompes peut comporter une face interne coopérant avec une face externe de l'arbre d'entraînement commun, les faces interne et externe en regard comportant des cannelures de formes complémentaires.According to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention, each inner lobed rotor of the pump train may include an internal face cooperating with an external face of the common drive shaft, the facing internal and external faces comprising splines of complementary shapes.

Par ailleurs, quel que soit l'exemple de réalisation retenu, de tels rotors intérieur et extérieur peuvent par exemple être formés dans un matériau thermoplastique tel que du polyetheretherketone (PEEK) chargé avec environ 25% de fibres de carbone courtes.Moreover, whatever the embodiment chosen, such inner and outer rotors can for example be formed from a thermoplastic material such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) loaded with about 25% of short carbon fibers.

En pratique, le train de pompes peut comporter au moins un palier de guidage en rotation suivant le premier axe de rotation R1, le (ou les) palier(s) de guidage étant agencé(s) coaxialement avec l'arbre d'entraînement commun.In practice, the pump train may include at least one rotating guide bearing along the first axis of rotation R1, the guide bearing (s) being arranged coaxially with the common drive shaft. .

Un tel palier de guidage permet alors de supprimer les frottements entre l'arbre d'entraînement commun et le carter de pompe commun. Ce palier de guidage permet ainsi le mouvement de rotation sans frottement suivant le premier axe de rotation R1 de l'arbre d'entraînement commun par rapport au carter de pompe commun qui reste quant à lui immobile dans l'alésage cylindrique.Such a guide bearing then makes it possible to eliminate the friction between the common drive shaft and the common pump casing. This guide bearing thus allows frictionless rotational movement along the first axis of rotation R1 of the common drive shaft relative to the common pump casing which itself remains stationary in the cylindrical bore.

L'invention et ses avantages apparaîtront avec plus de détails dans le cadre de la description qui suit avec des exemples donnés à titre illustratif en référence aux figures annexées qui représentent :

  • la figure 1, une vue schématique de côté d'un moteur à combustion à carter moteur de type sec, conformément à l'invention,
  • la figure 2, une vue en coupe partielle transversale d'un moteur à combustion conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 3, une vue éclatée en perspective d'un ensemble de deux pompes équipant un moteur à combustion conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 4, une vue éclatée en perspective d'un train de pompes équipant un moteur à combustion conforme à l'invention, et
  • la figure 5, une vue en coupe partielle de côté d'un moteur à combustion conforme à l'invention.
The invention and its advantages will appear in more detail in the context of the description which follows with examples given by way of illustration with reference to the appended figures which represent:
  • the figure 1 , a schematic side view of a dry-type crankcase combustion engine according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 , a partial cross-sectional view of a combustion engine according to the invention,
  • the figure 3 , an exploded perspective view of an assembly of two pumps fitted to a combustion engine according to the invention,
  • the figure 4 , an exploded perspective view of a pump train equipping a combustion engine according to the invention, and
  • the figure 5 , a partial sectional side view of a combustion engine according to the invention.

Les éléments présents dans plusieurs figures distinctes sont affectés d'une seule et même référence.The elements present in several distinct figures are assigned a single reference.

Comme déjà évoqué, l'invention se rapporte à un moteur à combustion comportant au moins un carter moteur de type sec.As already mentioned, the invention relates to a combustion engine comprising at least one dry-type crankcase.

Tel que représenté à la figure 1, un tel moteur à combustion 1 comporte un bloc "haut moteur" 14 équipé d'au moins d'une culasse et d'au moins un cylindre à l'intérieur duquel au moins un piston se déplace alternativement en translation.As depicted in figure 1 , such a combustion engine 1 comprises a "high engine" block 14 equipped with at least one cylinder head and at least one cylinder inside which at least one piston moves alternately in translation.

Classiquement un tel moteur à combustion 1 comporte également un bloc "bas moteur" comportant au moins un vilebrequin 4 et au moins un carter moteur 2 permettant de définir un logement de guidage 3 pour guider en rotation le vilebrequin 4 autour d'un axe de rotation V. Un tel au moins un carter moteur 2 est de type sec car le fluide de lubrification 5 est constamment pompé en dehors du logement de guidage 3 au moyen d'au moins deux pompes 7, 8.Conventionally, such a combustion engine 1 also comprises a "low engine" unit comprising at least one crankshaft 4 and at least one crankcase 2 making it possible to define a guide housing 3 for guiding the crankshaft 4 in rotation around an axis of rotation V. Such at least one crankcase 2 is of the dry type because the lubricating fluid 5 is constantly pumped out of the guide housing 3 by means of at least two pumps 7, 8.

Par ailleurs, ces au moins deux pompes 7, 8 sont agencées de manière coaxiale pour définir un train de pompes 10 et permettre une aspiration simultanée du fluide de lubrification 5 dans différents compartiments du (ou des) carter(s) moteur 2 et/ou dans le bloc haut moteur 14 et le (ou les) carter(s) moteur 2.Furthermore, these at least two pumps 7, 8 are arranged coaxially to define a train of pumps 10 and allow simultaneous suction of the lubricating fluid 5 in different compartments of the engine casing (s) 2 and / or in the upper engine block 14 and the engine housing (s) 2.

Une canalisation 11 permet alors d'acheminer le fluide de lubrification 5 depuis le (ou les) carter(s) moteur 2 vers le train de pompes 10 puis vers un réservoir 6 séparé. Une autre pompe 29 distincte des au moins deux pompes 7, 8 permet alors ensuite de réacheminer le fluide de lubrification 5 au travers d'une canalisation d'alimentation 19 vers par exemple le bloc haut moteur 14.A pipe 11 then makes it possible to route the lubricating fluid 5 from the engine casing (s) 2 to the pump train 10 then to a separate reservoir 6. Another pump 29 separate from the at least two pumps 7, 8 then makes it possible to re-route the lubricating fluid 5 through a supply pipe 19 to, for example, the high engine block 14.

Dans un mode de réalisation, une canalisation 16 permet quant à elle de réinjecter les gaz 15 dans le (ou les) carter(s) moteur 2.In one embodiment, a pipe 16 for its part makes it possible to reinject the gases 15 into the engine crankcase (s) 2.

Telles que représentées aux figures 2 à 4, les au moins deux pompes 7, 8 formant le train de pompes 10 sont directement logées dans un alésage cylindrique 26 du (ou des) carter(s) moteur 2. Un tel alésage cylindrique 26 est généralement réalisé par usinage du (ou des) carter(s) moteur 2. Par exemple un tel usinage peut consister en une opération de tournage, de fraisage ou de perçage du (ou des) carter(s) moteur 2.As represented in figures 2 to 4 , the at least two pumps 7, 8 forming the pump train 10 are directly housed in a cylindrical bore 26 of the engine casing (s) 2. Such a cylindrical bore 26 is generally produced by machining the (or s) motor housing (s) 2. For example, such machining may consist of a turning, milling or drilling operation of the motor housing (s) 2.

De plus, de telles pompes 7, 8 comportent respectivement chacune un rotor intérieur 17, 18 à lobes et un rotor extérieur à lobes 27, 28. De tels rotors intérieurs 17, 18 à lobes sont alors mobiles en rotation autour d'un premier axe de rotation R1 et les rotors extérieurs à lobes 27, 28 sont quant à eux mobiles en rotation autour d'un second axe de rotation R2 agencé parallèlement par rapport au premier axe de rotation R1.In addition, such pumps 7, 8 each comprise respectively an inner rotor 17, 18 with lobes and an outer rotor with lobes 27, 28. Such inner rotors 17, 18 with lobes are then movable in rotation about a first axis. of rotation R1 and the outer lobe rotors 27, 28 are for their part movable in rotation about a second axis of rotation R2 arranged parallel to the first axis of rotation R1.

Tel que représenté à la figure 2, l'alésage cylindrique 26 comporte quant à lui un axe R qui est avantageusement agencé parallèlement à l'axe V du vilebrequin 4. Le moteur à combustion 1 comporte alors un arbre d'entraînement commun 20 entraîné en rotation autour du premier axe de rotation R1. Cet arbre d'entraînement commun 20 est alors solidarisé avec les rotors intérieurs 17, 18 à lobes du train de pompes 10 qui entraînent à leur tour les rotors extérieurs 27, 28 à lobes.As depicted in figure 2 , the cylindrical bore 26 for its part comprises an axis R which is advantageously arranged parallel to the axis V of the crankshaft 4. The combustion engine 1 then comprises a common drive shaft 20 driven in rotation about the first axis of rotation R1. This common drive shaft 20 is then secured to the inner lobe rotors 17, 18 of the pump train 10 which in turn drive the outer lobe rotors 27, 28.

De plus, cet arbre d'entraînement commun 20 peut se décomposer en un arbre intérieur 30 menant et un arbre extérieur 31 creux entraîné en rotation par l'arbre intérieur 30. Un tel agencement de l'arbre d'entraînement commun 20 en deux parties distinctes peut notamment permettre d'adapter et d'absorber les vibrations en torsion d'une chaîne cinématique de transmission d'un mouvement de rotation permettant par exemple la traction, la propulsion et/ou la sustentation dans les airs d'un véhicule sur lequel est rapporté un tel moteur à combustion 1.In addition, this common drive shaft 20 can be broken down into an inner driving shaft 30 and a hollow outer shaft 31 driven in rotation by the inner shaft 30. Such an arrangement of the common drive shaft 20 in two parts distinct can in particular make it possible to adapt and absorb the torsional vibrations of a kinematic transmission chain of a rotational movement allowing for example the traction, the propulsion and / or the lift in the air of a vehicle on which such a combustion engine is reported 1.

Des joints toriques 38 peuvent être agencés au niveau d'une zone médiane 37 de l'arbre intérieur 30 pour permettre d'une part un centrage radial de l'arbre intérieur 30 par rapport à l'arbre extérieur 31 et d'autre part d'amortir d'éventuelles vibrations suivant une direction radiale entre l'arbre intérieur 30 et l'arbre extérieur 31. Un tel agencement permet ainsi d'éviter les frottements mécaniques et l'usure qui en résulterait.O-rings 38 can be arranged at a middle zone 37 of the inner shaft 30 to allow, on the one hand, a radial centering of the inner shaft 30 with respect to the outer shaft 31 and, on the other hand, to 'damping any vibrations in a radial direction between the inner shaft 30 and the outer shaft 31. Such an arrangement thus makes it possible to avoid mechanical friction and the wear which would result therefrom.

Par ailleurs, un tel arbre d'entraînement commun 20 est entraîné en rotation via une couronne dentée non représentée engrenant avec un pignon d'entraînement 32 solidarisé à l'arbre intérieur 30 au niveau d'une extrémité proximale 33 de cet arbre intérieur 30.Furthermore, such a common drive shaft 20 is driven in rotation via a toothed ring not shown meshing with a drive pinion 32 secured to the inner shaft 30 at a proximal end 33 of this inner shaft 30.

L'arbre intérieur 30 et l'arbre extérieur 31 sont solidarisés entre eux au niveau d'une extrémité distale 34 de cet arbre intérieur 30. Une telle solidarisation peut par exemple être réalisée au moyen de cannelures de formes complémentaires réalisées entre l'arbre intérieur 30 et l'arbre extérieur 31. De telles cannelures permettent alors de ne pas supprimer un degré de liberté en translation au niveau de l'extrémité distale 34 de l'arbre intérieur 30.The inner shaft 30 and the outer shaft 31 are secured to each other at a distal end 34 of this inner shaft 30. Such securing can for example be achieved by means of grooves of complementary shapes made between the inner shaft. 30 and the outer shaft 31. Such splines then make it possible not to eliminate a degree of freedom in translation at the level of the distal end 34 of the inner shaft 30.

En outre, les au moins deux pompes 7, 8 comportent un carter de pompe commun 9 comportant une face externe 12 de forme cylindrique complémentaire à la forme interne de l'alésage cylindrique 26. Une portion centrale 13 de ce carter de pompe commun 9 permet alors de définir une chambre d'aspiration commune 21 et une chambre de refoulement commune 22 du mélange formé par le fluide de lubrification et de gaz entre chacune des deux pompes 7, 8.In addition, the at least two pumps 7, 8 comprise a common pump casing 9 comprising an outer face 12 of cylindrical shape complementary to the inner shape of the cylindrical bore 26. A central portion 13 of this common pump casing 9 allows then to define a common suction chamber 21 and a common delivery chamber 22 of the mixture formed by the lubricating fluid and gas between each of the two pumps 7, 8.

Tel que représenté à la figure 2, un tel carter de pompe commun 9 est positionné axialement sur l'axe R de l'alésage cylindrique 26 de manière à faire correspondre d'une part au moins un perçage d'aspiration 23 ménagé dans un carter moteur 2 avec la chambre d'aspiration commune 21 et d'autre part au moins un perçage de refoulement 25 avec la chambre de refoulement commune 22.As depicted in figure 2 , such a common pump casing 9 is positioned axially on the axis R of the cylindrical bore 26 so as to make on the one hand at least one suction hole 23 formed in an engine casing 2 correspond to the chamber of common suction 21 and on the other hand at least one delivery bore 25 with the common delivery chamber 22.

Tel que représenté à la figure 5, un tel perçage d'aspiration 23 permet de mettre en communication hydraulique le logement de guidage 3 avec la chambre d'aspiration commune 21 du carter de pompe commun 9. Le perçage de refoulement 25 permet quant à lui de mettre en communication hydraulique la chambre de refoulement commune 22 du carter de pompe commun 9 avec une rampe de refoulement commune 24. Une telle rampe de refoulement commune 24 est alors agencée sensiblement parallèlement par rapport à l'axe R de l'alésage cylindrique 26.As depicted in figure 5 , such a suction hole 23 makes it possible to put the guide housing 3 with the common suction chamber 21 of the common pump casing 9. The delivery bore 25 enables the common delivery chamber 22 of the common pump casing 9 to be placed in hydraulic communication with a delivery rail common 24. Such a common delivery ramp 24 is then arranged substantially parallel to the axis R of the cylindrical bore 26.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, le perçage d'aspiration 23 et le perçage de refoulement 25 correspondant d'un carter de pompe commun 9 peuvent être agencés sensiblement coaxialement entre eux et être réalisés en une seule opération de perçage du (ou des) carter(s) moteur 2 depuis l'extérieur du (ou des) carter(s) moteur 2. Un bouchon 50 permet alors de refermer de manière étanche un orifice 49 laissé ouvert lors du perçage du (ou des) carter(s) moteur 2.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the suction hole 23 and the corresponding discharge hole 25 of a common pump casing 9 can be arranged substantially coaxially with one another and be produced in a single drilling operation of the (or ) engine casing (s) 2 from outside the engine casing (s) 2. A plug 50 then makes it possible to tightly close an orifice 49 left open when drilling the casing (s) engine 2.

Au surplus tel que représenté à la figure 3, le train de pompes 10 peut comporter au moins un palier de guidage 40 en rotation permettant de guider en rotation l'arbre extérieur 31 autour du premier axe de rotation R1 par rapport au carter de pompe commun 9.In addition, as shown in figure 3 , the pump train 10 may include at least one rotating guide bearing 40 making it possible to guide the outer shaft 31 in rotation about the first axis of rotation R1 relative to the common pump casing 9.

Un tel palier de guidage 40 peut alors être formé par la mise en regard de deux bagues réalisées dans un matériau à faible coefficient de frottement tel que notamment du bronze auto lubrifié, du polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) ou tout autre matériau. Une première bague est alors solidarisée avec l'arbre extérieur 31 et une deuxième bague est solidarisée avec le carter de pompe commun 9.Such a guide bearing 40 can then be formed by placing two rings made in a material with a low coefficient of friction such as in particular self-lubricated bronze, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or any other material. A first ring is then secured to the outer shaft 31 and a second ring is secured to the common pump casing 9.

Tel que représenté à la figure 4, le train de pompes 10 peut comporter quatre ensembles de deux pompes 7, 8 agencés coaxialement sur le second axe de rotation R2. Chaque ensemble permet par exemple de pomper le mélange fluide de lubrification/gaz 5,15 contenu dans une chambre du carter moteur 2 apte à accueillir au moins une bielle du vilebrequin 4. Chaque ensemble de deux pompes 7, 8 est alors isolé hydrauliquement d'un ensemble de deux pompes 7, 8 juxtaposé au moyen d'une plaque de séparation 44 rapportée de part et d'autre du carter de pompe commun 9.As depicted in figure 4 , the pump train 10 can comprise four sets of two pumps 7, 8 arranged coaxially on the second axis of rotation R2. Each set allows for example to pump the lubricating fluid / gas mixture 5,15 contained in a chamber of the crankcase 2 capable of accommodating at least one connecting rod of the crankshaft 4. Each set of two pumps 7, 8 is then hydraulically isolated from a set two pumps 7, 8 juxtaposed by means of a separation plate 44 attached to either side of the common pump casing 9.

Une telle plaque de séparation entre deux ensembles de deux pompes 7, 8 peut par ailleurs comporter des canaux de lubrification destinés à réaliser une bonne lubrification au niveau des surfaces en contact avec les rotors intérieurs 17, 18 à lobes et les rotors extérieurs à lobes 27, 28.Such a separation plate between two sets of two pumps 7, 8 may also include lubrication channels intended to achieve good lubrication at the surfaces in contact with the inner lobe rotors 17, 18 and the outer lobe rotors 27. , 28.

En outre, des pièces de liaison extrémales 41, 42 permettent quant à elles de positionner axialement avec précision le train de pompes 10 à l'intérieur de l'alésage cylindrique 26. De telles pièces de liaison extrémales 41, 42 permettent également d'immobiliser en rotation le ou les carter(s) de pompe commun 9 par rapport au(x) carter(s) moteur 2. De telles pièces de liaison extrémales 41, 42 peuvent ainsi être solidarisées en liaison de type encastrement avec le (ou les) carter(s) moteur 2 au moyen de vis 45.In addition, end connecting pieces 41, 42 allow for their axial positioning with precision the pump train 10 inside the cylindrical bore 26. Such end connecting pieces 41, 42 also make it possible to immobilize in rotation, the common pump housing (s) 9 relative to the motor housing (s) 2. Such end connecting pieces 41, 42 can thus be secured in connection of the embedding type with the (or) engine housing (s) 2 by means of screws 45.

Dans le cas particulier où un train de pompes comporte plusieurs ensembles de deux pompes 7, 8 juxtaposés et donc plusieurs carters de pompe commun 9 juxtaposés, des ergots de formes complémentaires permettent alors d'immobiliser en rotation chaque carter de pompe commun 9 avec un autre carter de pompe commun 9 juxtaposé. Ainsi, les pièces de liaison extrémales 41, 42 permettent alors d'immobiliser en rotation un ensemble formé par les différents carters de pompe commun 9 juxtaposés par rapport à l'alésage cylindrique 26 dans lequel cet ensemble est agencé.In the particular case where a pump train comprises several sets of two juxtaposed pumps 7, 8 and therefore several juxtaposed common pump casings 9, lugs of complementary shapes then make it possible to immobilize in rotation each common pump casing 9 with another juxtaposed common pump housing 9. Thus, the end connecting pieces 41, 42 then make it possible to immobilize in rotation an assembly formed by the various common pump casings 9 juxtaposed with respect to the cylindrical bore 26 in which this assembly is arranged.

Enfin tel que représenté à la figure 5, chaque rotor intérieur 17, 18 à lobes du train de pompes 10 comporte une face interne 35 coopérant avec une face externe 36 de l'arbre d'entraînement commun 20. Ces faces interne 35 et externe 36 sont ainsi agencées en regard pour permettre la transmission du mouvement de rotation de l'arbre extérieur 31 autour du premier axe de rotation R1 à chacun des rotors intérieurs 17, 18 à lobes.Finally as shown in figure 5 , each inner lobed rotor 17, 18 of the pump train 10 comprises an inner face 35 cooperating with an outer face 36 of the common drive shaft 20. These inner 35 and outer faces 36 are thus arranged facing each other to allow the transmission of the rotational movement of the outer shaft 31 around the first axis of rotation R1 to each of the inner lobed rotors 17, 18.

Par ailleurs, ces faces interne 35 et externe 36 peuvent par exemple être de formes complémentaires à section polygonale ou encore elles peuvent présenter des cannelures aptes à coopérer entre elles de manière complémentaire.Furthermore, these internal 35 and external 36 faces may for example be of complementary shapes with a polygonal section or else they may have grooves capable of cooperating with each other in a complementary manner.

Naturellement, la présente invention est sujette à de nombreuses variations quant à sa mise en œuvre. Bien que plusieurs modes de réalisation aient été décrits, on comprend bien qu'il n'est pas concevable d'identifier de manière exhaustive tous les modes possibles. Il est bien sûr envisageable de remplacer un moyen décrit par un moyen équivalent sans sortir du cadre défini par les revendications.Of course, the present invention is subject to many variations as to its implementation. Although several embodiments have been described, it will be understood that it is not conceivable to identify exhaustively all the possible modes. It is of course conceivable to replace a means described by an equivalent means without departing from the scope defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

  1. Combustion engine (1) including at least one engine casing (2) making it possible to define a guide housing (3) in which at least one crankshaft (4) is guided in rotation about an axis of rotation V and lubricated by a lubricating fluid (5), said at least one engine casing (2) being of the "dry" type, such a combustion engine (1) including:
    • a reservoir (6) of lubricating fluid (5) separated from said at least one engine casing (2),
    • at least two pumps (7, 8) forming a coaxial pump train (10) and making it possible to pump a mixture formed by the lubricating fluid (5) and gases (15) at least at said at least one engine casing (2), said at least two pumps (7, 8) each including an inner lobed rotor (17, 18) and an outer lobed rotor (27, 28), said inner lobed rotor (17, 18) being movable in rotation about a first axis of rotation R1 and said outer lobed rotor (27, 28) being movable in rotation about a second axis of rotation R2 parallel to said first axis of rotation R1, each inner lobed rotor (17, 18) of said pump train (10) being driven in rotation by a common drive shaft (20) moving in rotation about said first axis of rotation R1, each outer lobed rotor (27, 28) of said pump train (10) being driven in rotation by an inner lobed rotor (17, 18) of said pump train (10) and said pump train (10) being mounted in a cylindrical bore (26) of said at least one engine casing (2), said cylindrical bore (26) including an axis R coinciding with said second axis of rotation R2 and distinct from said first axis of rotation R1, and
    • at least one pipe (11) for fluidly connecting said at least one engine casing (2), said at least two pumps (7, 8) and said reservoir (6) of lubricating fluid (5),
    characterised in that said common drive shaft (20) includes a driving inner shaft (30) and a hollow outer shaft (31) driven by said inner shaft (30), said inner (30) and outer (31) shafts being arranged coaxially with respect to each other.
  2. Engine according to claim 1, characterised in that said axis R of said cylindrical bore (26) is arranged parallel to said axis of rotation V of said at least one crankshaft (4).
  3. Engine according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that said at least two pumps (7, 8) include a common pump casing (9) having an outer face (12) of complementary shape to that of said cylindrical bore (26) of said at least one engine casing (2), said common pump casing (9) being immobilised in rotation with respect to said cylindrical bore (26), said common pump casing (9) including a central portion (13) for defining a common suction chamber (21) and a common discharge chamber (22) of said mixture formed by said lubricating fluid and gas for said at least two pumps (7, 8).
  4. Engine according to claim 3, characterised in that said at least one engine casing (2) includes at least one suction hole (23), each of said at least one suction holes (23) making it possible to place said guide housing (3) of said at least one engine casing (2) in hydraulic communication with said common suction chamber (21) of said common pump casing (9).
  5. Engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that said at least one engine casing (2) includes a common discharge ramp (24) of said mixture formed by the lubricating fluid and gas, said common discharge ramp (24) being arranged substantially parallel to said axis R of said cylindrical bore (26).
  6. Engine according to claims 3 and 5, characterised in that said at least one engine casing (2) includes at least one discharge hole (25), each of said at least one discharge holes (25) making it possible to place said common discharge chamber (22) of said common pump casing (9) in hydraulic communication with said common discharge ramp (24) .
  7. Engine according to claim 1, characterised in that a driving member (32) is rigidly connected in a flush-fitting manner with said inner shaft (30) at a proximal end (33) of said inner shaft (30), said inner (30) and outer (31) shafts being rigidly connected to each other in a flush-fitting manner at a distal end (34) of said inner shaft (30).
  8. Engine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that said common drive shaft (20) has a torsional elastic deformation capacity.
  9. Engine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that each inner lobed rotor (17) of said pump train (10) includes an inner face (35) cooperating with an outer face (36) of said common drive shaft (20), said inner (35) and outer (36) faces being of complementary shapes with polygonal cross-section.
  10. Engine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that said pump train (10) includes at least one guide bearing (40) for guiding in rotation along said first axis of rotation R1, said at least one guide bearing (40) being arranged coaxially with said common drive shaft (20) .
EP17204484.4A 2017-11-29 2017-11-29 An internal combustion engine having at least one crankcase of the dry-sump type Active EP3492715B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17204484.4A EP3492715B1 (en) 2017-11-29 2017-11-29 An internal combustion engine having at least one crankcase of the dry-sump type
PL17204484T PL3492715T3 (en) 2017-11-29 2017-11-29 An internal combustion engine having at least one crankcase of the dry-sump type

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17204484.4A EP3492715B1 (en) 2017-11-29 2017-11-29 An internal combustion engine having at least one crankcase of the dry-sump type

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EP3492715A1 EP3492715A1 (en) 2019-06-05
EP3492715B1 true EP3492715B1 (en) 2021-05-12

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EP17204484.4A Active EP3492715B1 (en) 2017-11-29 2017-11-29 An internal combustion engine having at least one crankcase of the dry-sump type

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Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT291775B (en) * 1968-11-18 1971-07-26 Hohenzollern Huettenverwalt Hydraulic gear machine
GB2205611B (en) 1987-06-09 1991-08-21 Austin Rover Group A pump assembly for a motor vehicle.
JPH0694805B2 (en) 1989-10-31 1994-11-24 いすゞ自動車株式会社 Engine lubricator
US5580232A (en) * 1995-05-04 1996-12-03 Kobelco Compressors (America), Inc. Rotor assembly having a slip joint in the shaft assembly
JP2006132342A (en) 2004-11-02 2006-05-25 Honda Motor Co Ltd Oil pump unit
DE102010011477A1 (en) 2010-03-16 2011-09-22 Audi Ag Dry sump lubrication-integrated internal combustion engine i.e. V-type 8-cylinder internal combustion engine, for motor car, has pump with stage arranged in common pump casing, which is formed as integral part of sump or part of crankcase

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PL3492715T3 (en) 2021-11-22

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