EP3492336B1 - Device for generating an occupation signal for a railway track installation - Google Patents

Device for generating an occupation signal for a railway track installation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3492336B1
EP3492336B1 EP18204300.0A EP18204300A EP3492336B1 EP 3492336 B1 EP3492336 B1 EP 3492336B1 EP 18204300 A EP18204300 A EP 18204300A EP 3492336 B1 EP3492336 B1 EP 3492336B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
frequency
operating frequency
track section
receiving
Prior art date
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EP18204300.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3492336A1 (en
Inventor
Peer Bohlmann
Stephan Leifer
Gerald Lude
Erich Pettker
Alexander Priebe
Michael Reifelsberger
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Siemens Mobility GmbH
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Siemens Mobility GmbH
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Publication of EP3492336A1 publication Critical patent/EP3492336A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/20—Safety arrangements for preventing or indicating malfunction of the device, e.g. by leakage current, by lightning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/18—Railway track circuits
    • B61L1/181—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
    • B61L1/18—Railway track circuits
    • B61L1/181—Details
    • B61L1/187—Use of alternating current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for generating a busy state signal indicating the occupied state of a track section of a railway track system.
  • Devices currently used in the railway sector for generating occupied state signals have: a transmitter device for feeding a transmission signal having a predetermined operating frequency into at least one rail of the track section, a receiver device for receiving the transmission signal, an evaluation device for evaluating the reception signal of the receiving device and at least one between the transmitting device and the rail or tuning device which can be switched between the receiving device and the rail.
  • the tuning device or tuning devices serve to adapt the frequency behavior of the signal path in the section between the transmitting device and the receiving device with a view to minimal signal attenuation for the predetermined operating frequency.
  • the evaluation device is designed such that it generates a busy state signal indicating a busy state of the track section when the signal level for the predetermined operating frequency reaches or falls below a predetermined minimum level.
  • the document DE 10 2011 006 552 A1 discloses an apparatus having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a device of the type specified.
  • the transmission device is designed such that it additionally generates or can generate the transmission signal with at least two comparison frequencies, one of the comparison frequencies being below the working frequency and the other above the working frequency, and the evaluation device being suitable for the measured signal levels to output the received signal for the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies or to use it to form a control signal or error signal.
  • a significant advantage of the device according to the invention is that it not only works with one frequency, namely the working frequency, but also with comparison frequencies.
  • the comparison frequencies enable the detection of errors, for example errors in the installation or errors in the railway track system, as will be explained in detail below.
  • the evaluation device is preferably designed in such a way that it compares the measured signal levels of the received signal for the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies with stored reference levels for the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies and generates a control signal indicating a proper functioning of the device if the deviation between the measured signal levels and the stored reference levels both for the working frequency and for the at least two comparison frequencies falls below a predetermined threshold.
  • the evaluation device is designed in such a way that it causes a trackside error, in particular a decrease in the bedding resistance of the rail or rails of the track section or an increase in the rail resistance (e.g. in the event of a rail breakage ), indicating error signal generated when the measured signal levels - In the unoccupied state of the track section - for the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies deviate from the stored reference levels by a predetermined amount, in particular fall below them.
  • the evaluation device is designed in such a way that it generates an error signal indicating a track-side error, in particular a decrease in the bedding resistance of the rail or rails of the track section or an increase in the rail resistance, if - im Unoccupied state of the track section - the measured signal level curve in a predetermined reception frequency range, which comprises the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies, corresponds to a corresponding stored signal level curve and, in addition, a level deviation, in particular level reduction, has occurred over a predetermined amount in the entire reception frequency range.
  • the evaluation device is preferably designed in such a way that it generates an error signal indicating a device-side error, in particular a detuning of the tuning device or the tuning devices, if the measured signal levels - in the unoccupied state of the track section - are frequency-shifted by a predetermined amount compared to stored reference levels.
  • the evaluation device is designed such that it generates an error signal indicating a device-side error, in particular a detuning of the tuning device or the tuning devices, if - in the unoccupied state of the track section - the measured signal level curve in one predetermined reception frequency range, which comprises the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies, compared to the corresponding stored one Reference level curve is frequency shifted beyond a predetermined amount.
  • the transmission device it is provided that it can be adjusted to the working frequency and each of the at least two comparison frequencies by means of a control signal, and that a control device of the device temporarily sets the transmission device to the working frequency and temporarily to one of the at least two comparison frequencies.
  • the transmission device in another preferred embodiment of the transmission device it is provided that it can be tuned in terms of frequency in a frequency range which at least also includes the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies.
  • the transmission device it is provided that it sweeps the frequency of the transmission signal around the working frequency.
  • the transmission device it is provided that it is broadband in frequency in a transmission band, which comprises the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies.
  • the receiving device and / or the evaluation device detects the signal levels in a frequency-selective manner for the working frequency and each of the at least two comparison frequencies.
  • the invention also relates to a method for checking the functionality of a device which is designed to generate a occupied state signal indicating the occupied state of a track section of a railroad track system, the device comprising: a transmitting device which transmits at least at times a predetermined operating frequency with a transmitted signal feeds a rail of the track section, a receiving device, which receives the transmission signal, an evaluation device which evaluates the reception signal of the reception device, and at least one tuning device connected between the transmission device and the rail or between the reception device and the rail, which is used to adapt the frequency response of the signal path in the section between the transmission device and the reception device is set with a view to minimal signal attenuation for the specified operating frequency.
  • the transmission device generates the transmission signal with at least two comparison frequencies, be it permanently or temporarily, one of the comparison frequencies being below the operating frequency and the other above the operating frequency, and the measured signal levels of the received signal for the Working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies are used to form an error signal or control signal.
  • an error signal indicating a track-side error in particular a decrease in the bedding resistance of the rail or rails of the track section or an increase in the rail resistance, is generated if the measured signal levels in the unoccupied state of the track section for the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies of stored reference levels deviate beyond a predetermined level, in particular fall below them.
  • an error signal indicating a track-side error in particular a decrease in the bedding resistance of the rail or rails of the track section or an increase in the rail resistance, is generated if - in the unoccupied state of the track section - the measured signal level curve in a predetermined reception frequency range corresponds qualitatively to a corresponding stored reference level curve and at the same time a level deviation, in particular level reduction, is determined beyond a predetermined level in the entire reception frequency range.
  • an error signal indicating a device-side error in particular a detuning of the tuning device or the tuning devices, is generated if the measured signal levels - in the unoccupied state of the track section - are frequency-shifted by a predetermined amount compared to stored reference levels.
  • An error signal indicating a device-side error is preferably generated when - in the unoccupied state of the track section - the measured signal level curve in a predetermined reception frequency range, which includes the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies, is stored by a corresponding one Signal level curve is frequency shifted beyond a predetermined amount.
  • the Figure 1 shows a device 10 for generating a busy state signal BS indicating the occupied state of a track section 20 of a railway track system.
  • the track section 20 is by a in the Figure 1 left, first connection point 21 and a second connection point 22 spaced apart from it.
  • the busy state signal BS can indicate, for example, by means of a logical "1" that the track section 20 is busy, and, by means of a logical "0", the vacancy or the non-occupied track section 20; the assignment can of course also be inverse.
  • the device 10 has a function generator 100 which forms a transmission device and is connected to the first connection point 21 of the track section 20 via a transmission-side tuning device 200.
  • the second connection point 22 of the track section 20 is connected via a receiving device 300 to a receiving device 400, which is followed by an evaluation device 500.
  • the receiving device 400 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Figure 1 an A / D converter 410, which converts an input signal EA / D present on the input side and transmits corresponding sample values En to the evaluation device 500.
  • the evaluation device 500 has a computing device 510 and a memory 520.
  • a program module BP is stored in the memory 520 and determines the mode of operation of the computing device 510 and thus the mode of operation of the evaluation device 500.
  • the program module BP preferably comprises a software module for Fourier transformation so that the evaluation device 500 can carry out a frequency-dependent analysis on the basis of the sample values En, as will be explained below by way of example.
  • reference levels or a reference level curve Ar (f) can be stored in the memory 520; this is also explained in more detail below.
  • the function generator 100 is controlled by a control signal ST from the computing device 510 or the evaluation device 500, for example in order to set the respective frequency of the transmission signal S.
  • the computing device 510 thus forms a control device for controlling the function generator 100.
  • the device 10 according to Figure 1 is operated as follows:
  • the function generator 100 As part of the commissioning or maintenance of the device 10, the function generator 100 generates a transmission signal S and feeds it into the track section 20 via the transmission-side tuning device 200.
  • the transmission signal S passes via the track section 20 to the reception-side tuning device 300 and is received as reception signal E by the reception device 400.
  • the receiving device 400 transmits corresponding sampling values En to the evaluation device 500, which evaluates the sampling values and thus the received signal E according to the operating program BP.
  • the sampled values are subjected to a Fourier transformation in order to compare them in connection with the Figure 3 to enable evaluation explained below in a simple manner.
  • the function generator 100 In order to determine the occupied or free state of the track section 20, the function generator 100 generates the transmission signal S with an operating frequency f4, which reaches the receiving device 400 and the evaluation device 500 via the track section 20.
  • these are or their filter curves FK are preferably set such that the transmission signal S has the lowest possible signal attenuation for the working frequency f4.
  • the function generator 100 In addition to the working frequency f4, the function generator 100 also generates comparison frequencies f1, f2, f3, f5, f6 and f7.
  • the comparison frequencies f1, f2 and f3 are smaller than the working frequency f4, and the comparison frequencies f5, f6 and f7 are larger than the working frequency f4.
  • the comparison frequencies f1 to f3 and f5 to f7 in the exemplary embodiment are shown in FIG Figure 1 damped more than the working frequency f4.
  • the signal levels or signal amplitudes of the received signal E for the operating frequency f4 and for the comparison frequencies f1 to f3 or f5 to f7 are measured and as a reference level or as a reference level curve Ar (f) in stored in the memory 520.
  • the transmission signal S is evaluated with regard to the operating frequency f4 in order to generate the occupied state signal BS. If there is a rail vehicle in the track section 20, the transmission signal S is influenced, as a rule damped, which in turn can be determined by the evaluation device 500 and can be used to generate the occupied state signal BS.
  • a busy state signal BS indicating a occupation of the track section 21 is preferably generated when the signal level of the received signal for the working frequency f4 reaches or falls below a predetermined lower threshold.
  • the device 10 according to Figure 1 also allows you to check that they are working correctly.
  • the function generator 100 can generate the comparison frequencies f1 to f3 or f5 to f7 and feed these frequencies into the track section 20 with the transmission signal S.
  • the function generator 100 can change or adjust the frequency of the transmission signal S stepwise, for example, over time, as is exemplified in FIG Figure 2 is shown. It can be seen that the frequency increases in steps from the smallest frequency f1 to the largest frequency f7 and that the transmission signal S has one of the seven frequencies f1 to f7 at each time.
  • the Figure 3 shows the mode of operation of the evaluation device 500 in connection with the checking of the functionality of the device 10 in more detail.
  • the check is preferably carried out when the track section 20 is unoccupied or at least there is a corresponding busy state signal BS indicating that it is not occupied.
  • the evaluation device 500 evaluates the received signal E as a function of frequency and forms a measured signal level curve Am (f). The measured signal level curve Am (f) is then compared with the reference level curve Ar (f) stored in the memory 520.
  • the evaluation device 500 determines that the stored signal level curve Ar (f) essentially corresponds to the measured current signal level curve Am (f), it generates a control signal OK that signals the correct functioning of the device 10.
  • the evaluation device 500 determines that the measured current signal level curve Am (f) is shifted in frequency beyond a predetermined amount compared to the stored reference level curve Ar (f), then it generates an error signal Fe on the output side, which indicates an error on the device side, i.e. an error of the device 10, points.
  • a frequency shift can be based, for example, on the fact that one of the two tuning devices 200 or 300 or also both tuning devices 200 and 300 have been detuned due to external influences, for example due to temperature fluctuations, and the filter curves FK no longer match the original one during commissioning or maintenance the filter curve FK determined in accordance with the device 10.
  • the evaluation device 500 determines that the currently measured signal level curve Am (f) essentially corresponds to the stored reference level curve Ar (f) in terms of frequency curve, but that a level change, in particular a level reduction, has occurred beyond a predetermined amount, it generates an output side Error signal Fs, which indicates a track-side error.
  • a decrease in the signal level curve can occur, for example, when the bedding resistance of the track in track section 20 has reduced.
  • a level change can also occur if there has been an increase in the rail resistance, for example as a result of a rail break in the track section 20.
  • the computing device 510 controls the function generator 100 by means of the control signal ST in such a way that it knows the frequency of the transmission signal S at all times
  • the receiving device 400 can also do without an A / D converter and be formed by a simple detector which only measures and outputs the respective signal amplitude of the received signal E.
  • the evaluation device 500 can dispense with a Fourier transformation because the frequency of the received signal E is known at all times. The same applies to the configurations according to Figures 4 to 7 ,
  • the Figure 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device 10 in which a tunable oscillator 110 is used as the transmitting device instead of a function generator 100 is.
  • the tunable oscillator 110 generates a transmission signal S with a ramp-like frequency over time, as exemplified in FIG Figure 5 is shown.
  • the Figure 6 shows an embodiment of a device 10, in which an oscillator 120 is used as the transmitting device, which is operated in sweep mode.
  • the transmission signal S output by the oscillator 120 or its frequency characteristic f (t) is shown in FIG Figure 7 represented over time. It can be seen that the frequency f (t) oscillates sinusoidally around the working frequency f4 over time t. Otherwise, the above statements apply in connection with the Figures 1 to 3 in the embodiment according to Figures 6 to 7 accordingly.
  • the Figure 8 shows an embodiment of a device 10 in which a frequency comb generator 130 is used as the transmitting device.
  • the amplitude profile A (f) of the transmission signal generated by the frequency comb generator 130 is in FIG Figure 9 plotted against frequency f. It can be seen that the frequency spectrum of the transmission signal S has all seven frequencies f1 to f7 at all times. In contrast to the embodiments according to the Figures 1 to 7 at every point in time, the transmission signal S therefore not only has one frequency, but several, for example seven, as shown in FIG Figure 9 is shown.
  • the Figure 10 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device 10 in which a noise generator 140 is used as the transmitting device.
  • the frequency spectrum of the transmission signal S is in the form of a signal level curve or amplitude curve A (f) depending on the frequency f in the Figure 11 shown. It can be seen that the signal level for the frequency range between the lower comparison frequency f1 and the upper comparison frequency f7 is essentially constant or of the same size.

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Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Einrichtung zur Erzeugung eines den Besetztzustand eines Gleisabschnitts einer Eisenbahngleisanlage anzeigenden Besetztzustandssignals.The invention relates to a device for generating a busy state signal indicating the occupied state of a track section of a railway track system.

Im Eisenbahnbereich heutzutage im Einsatz befindliche Einrichtungen zur Erzeugung von Besetztzustandssignalen weisen auf: eine Sendeeinrichtung zum Einspeisen eines eine vorgegebene Arbeitsfrequenz aufweisenden Sendesignals in zumindest eine Schiene des Gleisabschnitts, eine Empfangseinrichtung zum Empfangen des Sendesignals, eine Auswerteinrichtung zur Auswertung des Empfangssignals der Empfangseinrichtung und mindestens eine zwischen die Sendeeinrichtung und die Schiene oder zwischen die Empfangseinrichtung und die Schiene schaltbare Abstimmeinrichtung. Die Abstimmeinrichtung oder Abstimmeinrichtungen dienen für eine Anpassung des Frequenzverhaltens der Signalstrecke im Abschnitt zwischen der Sendeeinrichtung und der Empfangseinrichtung mit Blick auf eine minimale Signaldämpfung für die vorgegebene Arbeitsfrequenz. Die Auswerteinrichtung ist derart ausgebildet, dass sie ein einen Besetztzustand des Gleisabschnitts anzeigendes Besetztzustandssignal erzeugt, wenn der Signalpegel für die vorgegebene Arbeitsfrequenz einen vorgegebenen Minimalpegel erreicht oder unterschreitet.Devices currently used in the railway sector for generating occupied state signals have: a transmitter device for feeding a transmission signal having a predetermined operating frequency into at least one rail of the track section, a receiver device for receiving the transmission signal, an evaluation device for evaluating the reception signal of the receiving device and at least one between the transmitting device and the rail or tuning device which can be switched between the receiving device and the rail. The tuning device or tuning devices serve to adapt the frequency behavior of the signal path in the section between the transmitting device and the receiving device with a view to minimal signal attenuation for the predetermined operating frequency. The evaluation device is designed such that it generates a busy state signal indicating a busy state of the track section when the signal level for the predetermined operating frequency reaches or falls below a predetermined minimum level.

Das Dokument DE 10 2011 006 552 A1 offenbart eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The document DE 10 2011 006 552 A1 discloses an apparatus having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einrichtung der eingangs angegebenen Art zu verbessern.The invention has for its object to improve a device of the type specified.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Einrichtung mit den Merkmalen gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung sind in Unteransprüchen angegeben.This object is achieved according to the invention by a device with the features according to patent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Danach ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass die Sendeeinrichtung derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie das Sendesignal zusätzlich mit zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen erzeugt oder erzeugen kann, wobei eine der Vergleichsfrequenzen unterhalb der Arbeitsfrequenz und die andere oberhalb der Arbeitsfrequenz liegt, und die Auswerteinrichtung geeignet ist, die gemessenen Signalpegel des Empfangssignals für die Arbeitsfrequenz und die zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen auszugeben oder zur Bildung eines Kontrollsignals oder Fehlersignals heranzuziehen.According to the invention, it is provided that the transmission device is designed such that it additionally generates or can generate the transmission signal with at least two comparison frequencies, one of the comparison frequencies being below the working frequency and the other above the working frequency, and the evaluation device being suitable for the measured signal levels to output the received signal for the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies or to use it to form a control signal or error signal.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung ist darin zu sehen, dass diese nicht nur mit einer Frequenz, nämlich der Arbeitsfrequenz, arbeitet, sondern darüber hinaus mit Vergleichsfrequenzen. Die Vergleichsfrequenzen ermöglichen das Erkennen von Fehlern, beispielsweise von Fehlern der Einrichtung oder aber auch von Fehlern der Eisenbahngleisanlage, wie weiter unten noch im Detail erläutert wird.A significant advantage of the device according to the invention is that it not only works with one frequency, namely the working frequency, but also with comparison frequencies. The comparison frequencies enable the detection of errors, for example errors in the installation or errors in the railway track system, as will be explained in detail below.

Die Auswerteinrichtung ist vorzugsweise derart ausgestaltet, dass sie die gemessenen Signalpegel des Empfangssignals für die Arbeitsfrequenz und die zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen mit abgespeicherten Referenzpegeln für die Arbeitsfrequenz und die zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen vergleicht und ein eine ordnungsgemäße Funktionsweise der Einrichtung anzeigendes Kontrollsignal erzeugt, wenn die Abweichung zwischen den gemessenen Signalpegeln und den abgespeicherten Referenzpegeln sowohl für die Arbeitsfrequenz als auch für die zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen eine vorgegebene Schwelle unterschreitet.The evaluation device is preferably designed in such a way that it compares the measured signal levels of the received signal for the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies with stored reference levels for the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies and generates a control signal indicating a proper functioning of the device if the deviation between the measured signal levels and the stored reference levels both for the working frequency and for the at least two comparison frequencies falls below a predetermined threshold.

Bezüglich der Erzeugung von Fehlersignalen wird es als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn die Auswerteinrichtung derart ausgestaltet ist, dass sie ein einen streckenseitigen Fehler, insbesondere ein Absinken des Bettungswiderstandes der Schiene oder Schienen des Gleisabschnitts oder eine Erhöhung des Schienenwiderstands (z. B. im Falle eines Schienenbruchs), anzeigendes Fehlersignal erzeugt, wenn die gemessenen Signalpegel - im besetzungslosen Zustand des Gleisabschnitts - für die Arbeitsfrequenz und die zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen von den abgespeicherten Referenzpegeln über ein vorgegebenes Maß hinaus abweichen, insbesondere diese unterschreiten.With regard to the generation of error signals, it is considered advantageous if the evaluation device is designed in such a way that it causes a trackside error, in particular a decrease in the bedding resistance of the rail or rails of the track section or an increase in the rail resistance (e.g. in the event of a rail breakage ), indicating error signal generated when the measured signal levels - In the unoccupied state of the track section - for the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies deviate from the stored reference levels by a predetermined amount, in particular fall below them.

Auch wird es als vorteilhaft angesehen, wenn - alternativ oder zusätzlich - die Auswerteinrichtung derart ausgestaltet ist, dass sie ein einen streckenseitigen Fehler, insbesondere ein Absinken des Bettungswiderstandes der Schiene oder Schienen des Gleisabschnitts oder eine Erhöhung des Schienenwiderstands, anzeigendes Fehlersignal erzeugt, wenn - im besetzungslosen Zustand des Gleisabschnitts - der gemessene Signalpegelverlauf in einem vorgegebenen Empfangsfrequenzbereich, der die Arbeitsfrequenz und die zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen umfasst, einem korrespondierenden abgespeicherten Signalpegelverlauf entspricht und außerdem eine Pegelabweichung, insbesondere Pegelreduktion, über ein vorgegebenes Maß hinaus im gesamten Empfangsfrequenzbereich aufgetreten ist.It is also considered advantageous if - alternatively or additionally - the evaluation device is designed in such a way that it generates an error signal indicating a track-side error, in particular a decrease in the bedding resistance of the rail or rails of the track section or an increase in the rail resistance, if - im Unoccupied state of the track section - the measured signal level curve in a predetermined reception frequency range, which comprises the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies, corresponds to a corresponding stored signal level curve and, in addition, a level deviation, in particular level reduction, has occurred over a predetermined amount in the entire reception frequency range.

Die Auswerteinrichtung ist bevorzugt derart ausgestaltet, dass sie ein einen einrichtungsseitigen Fehler, insbesondere eine Verstimmung der Abstimmeinrichtung oder der Abstimmeinrichtungen, anzeigendes Fehlersignal erzeugt, wenn die gemessenen Signalpegel - im besetzungslosen Zustand des Gleisabschnitts - gegenüber abgespeicherten Referenzpegeln über ein vorgegebenes Maß frequenzverschoben sind.The evaluation device is preferably designed in such a way that it generates an error signal indicating a device-side error, in particular a detuning of the tuning device or the tuning devices, if the measured signal levels - in the unoccupied state of the track section - are frequency-shifted by a predetermined amount compared to stored reference levels.

Mit Blick auf die letztgenannte Variante ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Auswerteinrichtung derart ausgestaltet ist, dass sie ein einen einrichtungsseitigen Fehler, insbesondere eine Verstimmung der Abstimmeinrichtung oder der Abstimmeinrichtungen, anzeigendes Fehlersignal erzeugt, wenn - im besetzungslosen Zustand des Gleisabschnitts - der gemessene Signalpegelverlauf in einem vorgegebenen Empfangsfrequenzbereich, der die Arbeitsfrequenz und die zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen umfasst, gegenüber dem korrespondierenden abgespeicherten Referenzpegelverlauf über ein vorgegebenes Maß hinaus frequenzverschoben ist.With regard to the latter variant, it is advantageous if the evaluation device is designed such that it generates an error signal indicating a device-side error, in particular a detuning of the tuning device or the tuning devices, if - in the unoccupied state of the track section - the measured signal level curve in one predetermined reception frequency range, which comprises the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies, compared to the corresponding stored one Reference level curve is frequency shifted beyond a predetermined amount.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Sendeeinrichtung ist vorgesehen, dass diese mittels eines Steuersignals wahlweise auf die Arbeitsfrequenz und jede der zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen einstellbar ist und eine Steuereinrichtung der Einrichtung die Sendeeinrichtung zeitweise auf die Arbeitsfrequenz und zeitweise jeweils auf eine der zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen einstellt.In a preferred embodiment of the transmission device, it is provided that it can be adjusted to the working frequency and each of the at least two comparison frequencies by means of a control signal, and that a control device of the device temporarily sets the transmission device to the working frequency and temporarily to one of the at least two comparison frequencies.

Bei einer anderen bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Sendeeinrichtung ist vorgesehen, dass diese frequenzmäßig in einem Frequenzbereich, der die Arbeitsfrequenz und die zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen zumindest auch umfasst, durchstimmbar ist.In another preferred embodiment of the transmission device it is provided that it can be tuned in terms of frequency in a frequency range which at least also includes the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies.

Bei einer wiederum anderen Ausgestaltung der Sendeeinrichtung ist vorgesehen, dass diese die Frequenz des Sendesignals um die Arbeitsfrequenz wobbelt.In yet another embodiment of the transmission device, it is provided that it sweeps the frequency of the transmission signal around the working frequency.

Bei einer wiederum anderen Ausgestaltung der Sendeeinrichtung ist vorgesehen, dass diese frequenzmäßig in einem Sendeband breitbandig ist, das die Arbeitsfrequenz und die zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen umfasst. Bei dieser Variante ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Empfangseinrichtung und/oder die Auswerteinrichtung die Signalpegel frequenzselektiv für die Arbeitsfrequenz und jede der zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen erfasst.In yet another embodiment of the transmission device, it is provided that it is broadband in frequency in a transmission band, which comprises the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies. In this variant, it is advantageous if the receiving device and / or the evaluation device detects the signal levels in a frequency-selective manner for the working frequency and each of the at least two comparison frequencies.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich darüber hinaus auf ein Verfahren zum Überprüfen der Funktionsfähigkeit einer Einrichtung, die zur Erzeugung eines den Besetztzustand eines Gleisabschnitts einer Eisenbahngleisanlage anzeigenden Besetztzustandsignals ausgebildet ist, wobei die Einrichtung aufweist: eine Sendeeinrichtung, die ein zumindest zeitweise eine vorgegebene Arbeitsfrequenz aufweisendes Sendesignal in zumindest eine Schiene des Gleisabschnitts einspeist, eine Empfangseinrichtung, die das Sendesignal empfängt, eine Auswerteinrichtung, die das Empfangssignal der Empfangseinrichtung auswertet, und mindestens eine zwischen die Sendeeinrichtung und die Schiene oder zwischen die Empfangseinrichtung und die Schiene geschaltete Abstimmeinrichtung, die für eine Anpassung des Frequenzverhaltens der Signalstrecke im Abschnitt zwischen der Sendeeinrichtung und der Empfangseinrichtung mit Blick auf eine minimale Signaldämpfung für die vorgegebene Arbeitsfrequenz eingestellt ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist bezüglich eines solchen Verfahrens vorgesehen, dass mit der Sendeeinrichtung das Sendesignal mit zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen erzeugt wird, sei dies dauerhaft oder zeitweise, wobei eine der Vergleichsfrequenzen unterhalb der Arbeitsfrequenz und die andere oberhalb der Arbeitsfrequenz liegt, und die gemessenen Signalpegel des Empfangssignals für die Arbeitsfrequenz und die zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen zur Bildung eines Fehlersignals oder Kontrollsignals herangezogen werden.The invention also relates to a method for checking the functionality of a device which is designed to generate a occupied state signal indicating the occupied state of a track section of a railroad track system, the device comprising: a transmitting device which transmits at least at times a predetermined operating frequency with a transmitted signal feeds a rail of the track section, a receiving device, which receives the transmission signal, an evaluation device which evaluates the reception signal of the reception device, and at least one tuning device connected between the transmission device and the rail or between the reception device and the rail, which is used to adapt the frequency response of the signal path in the section between the transmission device and the reception device is set with a view to minimal signal attenuation for the specified operating frequency. According to the invention, with respect to such a method, it is provided that the transmission device generates the transmission signal with at least two comparison frequencies, be it permanently or temporarily, one of the comparison frequencies being below the operating frequency and the other above the operating frequency, and the measured signal levels of the received signal for the Working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies are used to form an error signal or control signal.

Bezüglich der Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sei auf die obigen Erläuterungen im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung verwiesen.With regard to the advantages of the method according to the invention, reference is made to the above explanations in connection with the device according to the invention.

Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn ein einen streckenseitigen Fehler, insbesondere ein Absinken des Bettungswiderstandes der Schiene oder Schienen des Gleisabschnitts oder eine Erhöhung des Schienenwiderstands, anzeigendes Fehlersignal erzeugt wird, wenn die gemessenen Signalpegel im besetzungslosen Zustand des Gleisabschnitts für die Arbeitsfrequenz und die zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen von abgespeicherten Referenzpegeln über ein vorgegebenes Maß hinaus abweichen, insbesondere diese unterschreiten.It is advantageous if an error signal indicating a track-side error, in particular a decrease in the bedding resistance of the rail or rails of the track section or an increase in the rail resistance, is generated if the measured signal levels in the unoccupied state of the track section for the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies of stored reference levels deviate beyond a predetermined level, in particular fall below them.

Auch ist es vorteilhaft, wenn ein einen streckenseitigen Fehler, insbesondere ein Absinken des Bettungswiderstandes der Schiene oder Schienen des Gleisabschnitts oder eine Erhöhung des Schienenwiderstands, anzeigendes Fehlersignal erzeugt wird, wenn - im besetzungslosen Zustand des Gleisabschnitts - der gemessene Signalpegelverlauf in einem vorgegebenen Empfangsfrequenzbereich einem korrespondierenden abgespeicherten Referenzpegelverlauf qualitativ entspricht und gleichzeitig eine Pegelabweichung, insbesondere Pegelreduktion, über ein vorgegebenes Maß hinaus im gesamten Empfangsfrequenzbereich festgestellt wird.It is also advantageous if an error signal indicating a track-side error, in particular a decrease in the bedding resistance of the rail or rails of the track section or an increase in the rail resistance, is generated if - in the unoccupied state of the track section - the measured signal level curve in a predetermined reception frequency range corresponds qualitatively to a corresponding stored reference level curve and at the same time a level deviation, in particular level reduction, is determined beyond a predetermined level in the entire reception frequency range.

Darüber hinaus ist es von Vorteil, wenn ein einen einrichtungsseitigen Fehler, insbesondere eine Verstimmung der Abstimmeinrichtung oder der Abstimmeinrichtungen, anzeigendes Fehlersignal erzeugt wird, wenn die gemessenen Signalpegel - im besetzungslosen Zustand des Gleisabschnitts - gegenüber abgespeicherten Referenzpegeln über ein vorgegebenes Maß frequenzverschoben sind.In addition, it is advantageous if an error signal indicating a device-side error, in particular a detuning of the tuning device or the tuning devices, is generated if the measured signal levels - in the unoccupied state of the track section - are frequency-shifted by a predetermined amount compared to stored reference levels.

Ein einen einrichtungsseitigen Fehler, insbesondere eine Verstimmung der Abstimmeinrichtung oder der Abstimmeinrichtungen, anzeigendes Fehlersignal wird vorzugsweise erzeugt, wenn - im besetzungslosen Zustand des Gleisabschnitts - der gemessene Signalpegelverlauf in einem vorgegebenen Empfangsfrequenzbereich, der die Arbeitsfrequenz und die zumindest zwei Vergleichsfrequenzen umfasst, von einem korrespondierenden abgespeicherten Signalpegelverlauf über ein vorgegebenes Maß hinaus frequenzverschoben ist.An error signal indicating a device-side error, in particular a detuning of the tuning device or the tuning devices, is preferably generated when - in the unoccupied state of the track section - the measured signal level curve in a predetermined reception frequency range, which includes the working frequency and the at least two comparison frequencies, is stored by a corresponding one Signal level curve is frequency shifted beyond a predetermined amount.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert; dabei zeigen beispielhaft

Figur 1
ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung, bei der eine Sendeeinrichtung durch einen Funktionsgenerator gebildet wird,
Figur 2
den Frequenzverlauf eines Sendesignals, das von dem Funktionsgenerator gemäß Figur 1 erzeugt wird, über der Zeit,
Figur 3
die Arbeitsweise der Einrichtung im Zusammenhang mit der Erzeugung eines Kontrollsignals, eines einrichtungsseitigen Fehlersignals und eines streckenseitigen Fehlersignals,
Figur 4
ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung, bei der eine Sendeeinrichtung durch einen durchstimmbaren Oszillator gebildet wird,
Figur 5
den Frequenzverlauf eines Sendesignals des durchstimmbaren Oszillators über der Zeit,
Figur 6
ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung, bei der eine Sendeeinrichtung durch einen im Wobbelbetrieb arbeitenden Oszillator gebildet wird,
Figur 7
den Frequenzverlauf eines Sendesignals des Oszillators gemäß Figur 6 über der Zeit,
Figur 8
ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung, bei der eine Sendeeinrichtung durch einen Frequenzkammgenerator gebildet wird,
Figur 9
den Amplituden- bzw. Signalpegelverlauf eines Sendesignals des Frequenzkammgenerators gemäß Figur 8 über der Frequenz,
Figur 10
ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung, bei der eine Sendeeinrichtung durch einen Rauschgenerator gebildet wird, und
Figur 11
die Signalamplitude bzw. der Signalpegelverlauf eines Sendesignals des Rauschgenerators gemäß Figur 10 über der Frequenz.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments; show exemplary
Figure 1
An embodiment of a device according to the invention, in which a transmission device is formed by a function generator,
Figure 2
the frequency response of a transmission signal, which according to the function generator Figure 1 is generated over time
Figure 3
the functioning of the device in connection with the generation of a control signal, one on the device side Error signal and a trackside error signal,
Figure 4
An embodiment of a device according to the invention, in which a transmission device is formed by a tunable oscillator,
Figure 5
the frequency curve of a transmission signal of the tunable oscillator over time,
Figure 6
1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention in which a transmitting device is formed by an oscillator operating in wobble mode,
Figure 7
the frequency response of a transmission signal of the oscillator Figure 6 over time
Figure 8
An embodiment of a device according to the invention, in which a transmission device is formed by a frequency comb generator,
Figure 9
the amplitude or signal level curve of a transmission signal of the frequency comb generator according to Figure 8 over frequency,
Figure 10
an embodiment of a device according to the invention, in which a transmission device is formed by a noise generator, and
Figure 11
the signal amplitude or the signal level curve of a transmission signal of the noise generator according to Figure 10 over frequency.

In den Figuren werden der Übersicht halber für identische oder vergleichbare Komponenten stets dieselben Bezugszeichen verwendet.For the sake of clarity, the same reference numbers are always used in the figures for identical or comparable components.

Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Einrichtung 10 zum Erzeugen eines den Besetztzustand eines Gleisabschnitts 20 einer Eisenbahngleisanlage anzeigenden Besetztzustandssignals BS. Der Gleisabschnitt 20 wird durch eine in der Figur 1 linke, erste Anschlussstelle 21 und eine von dieser beabstandete zweite Anschlussstelle 22 begrenzt. Das Besetztzustandssignal BS kann beispielsweise mittels einer logischen "1" ein Besetztsein des Gleisabschnitts 20 anzeigen und mittels einer logischen "0" das Freisein bzw. das Nichtbesetztsein des Gleisabschnitts 20; selbstverständlich kann die Zuordnung auch invers sein.The Figure 1 shows a device 10 for generating a busy state signal BS indicating the occupied state of a track section 20 of a railway track system. The track section 20 is by a in the Figure 1 left, first connection point 21 and a second connection point 22 spaced apart from it. The busy state signal BS can indicate, for example, by means of a logical "1" that the track section 20 is busy, and, by means of a logical "0", the vacancy or the non-occupied track section 20; the assignment can of course also be inverse.

Die Einrichtung 10 weist einen eine Sendeeinrichtung bildenden Funktionsgenerator 100 auf, der über eine sendeseitige Abstimmeinrichtung 200 an die erste Anschlussstelle 21 des Gleisabschnitts 20 angeschlossen ist.The device 10 has a function generator 100 which forms a transmission device and is connected to the first connection point 21 of the track section 20 via a transmission-side tuning device 200.

Die zweite Anschlussstelle 22 des Gleisabschnitts 20 steht über eine empfangsseitige Abstimmeinrichtung 300 mit einer Empfangseinrichtung 400 in Verbindung, der eine Auswerteinrichtung 500 nachgeordnet ist.The second connection point 22 of the track section 20 is connected via a receiving device 300 to a receiving device 400, which is followed by an evaluation device 500.

Die Empfangseinrichtung 400 weist bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 einen A/D-Wandler 410 auf, der ein eingangsseitig anliegendes Empfangssignal E A/D-wandelt und entsprechende Abtastwerte En zur Auswerteinrichtung 500 übermittelt.The receiving device 400 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Figure 1 an A / D converter 410, which converts an input signal EA / D present on the input side and transmits corresponding sample values En to the evaluation device 500.

Die Auswerteinrichtung 500 weist eine Recheneinrichtung 510 und einen Speicher 520 auf. In dem Speicher 520 ist ein Programmmodul BP abgespeichert, das die Betriebsweise der Recheneinrichtung 510 und damit die Betriebsweise der Auswerteinrichtung 500 festlegt. Das Programmmodul BP umfasst vorzugsweise ein Softwaremodul zur Fouriertransformation, damit die Auswerteinrichtung 500 anhand der Abtastwerte En eine frequenzabhängige Analyse durchführen kann, wie dies weiter unten noch beispielhaft erläutert wird.The evaluation device 500 has a computing device 510 and a memory 520. A program module BP is stored in the memory 520 and determines the mode of operation of the computing device 510 and thus the mode of operation of the evaluation device 500. The program module BP preferably comprises a software module for Fourier transformation so that the evaluation device 500 can carry out a frequency-dependent analysis on the basis of the sample values En, as will be explained below by way of example.

In dem Speicher 520 können darüber hinaus Referenzpegel bzw. ein Referenzpegelverlauf Ar(f) abgespeichert werden; dies wird nachfolgend weiter unten ebenfalls noch näher erläutert.In addition, reference levels or a reference level curve Ar (f) can be stored in the memory 520; this is also explained in more detail below.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 wird der Funktionsgenerator 100 über ein Steuersignal ST von der Recheneinrichtung 510 bzw. der Auswerteinrichtung 500 angesteuert, beispielsweise, um die jeweilige Frequenz des Sendesignals S einzustellen. Die Recheneinrichtung 510 bildet somit eine Steuereinrichtung zur Ansteuerung des Funktionsgenerators 100.In the embodiment according to Figure 1 the function generator 100 is controlled by a control signal ST from the computing device 510 or the evaluation device 500, for example in order to set the respective frequency of the transmission signal S. The computing device 510 thus forms a control device for controlling the function generator 100.

Die Einrichtung 10 gemäß Figur 1 wird beispielsweise wie folgt betrieben:The device 10 according to Figure 1 is operated as follows:

1. Inbetriebnahme oder Wartung der Einrichtung 101. Commissioning or maintenance of the facility 10

Im Rahmen der Inbetriebnahme oder Wartung der Einrichtung 10 wird mit dem Funktionsgenerator 100 ein Sendesignal S erzeugt und über die sendeseitige Abstimmeinrichtung 200 in den Gleisabschnitt 20 eingespeist.As part of the commissioning or maintenance of the device 10, the function generator 100 generates a transmission signal S and feeds it into the track section 20 via the transmission-side tuning device 200.

Das Sendesignal S gelangt über den Gleisabschnitt 20 zur empfangsseitigen Abstimmeinrichtung 300 und wird als Empfangssignal E von der Empfangseinrichtung 400 empfangen. Die Empfangseinrichtung 400 übermittelt nach einer A/D-Abtastung entsprechende Abtastwerte En zur Auswerteinrichtung 500, die gemäß dem Betriebsprogramm BP die Abtastwerte und damit das Empfangssignal E auswertet. Im Rahmen der Auswertung werden die Abtastwerte einer Fouriertransformation unterzogen, um die im Zusammenhang mit der Figur 3 weiter unten erläuterte Auswertung in einfacher Weise zu ermöglichen.The transmission signal S passes via the track section 20 to the reception-side tuning device 300 and is received as reception signal E by the reception device 400. After an A / D sampling, the receiving device 400 transmits corresponding sampling values En to the evaluation device 500, which evaluates the sampling values and thus the received signal E according to the operating program BP. In the course of the evaluation, the sampled values are subjected to a Fourier transformation in order to compare them in connection with the Figure 3 to enable evaluation explained below in a simple manner.

Zum Ermitteln des Besetztzustands bzw. Freizustands des Gleisabschnitts 20 erzeugt der Funktionsgenerator 100 das Sendesignal S mit einer Arbeitsfrequenz f4, die über den Gleisabschnitt 20 zur Empfangseinrichtung 400 und zur Auswerteinrichtung 500 gelangt. Im Rahmen der Einstellung bzw. Kalibrierung der Abstimmeinrichtungen 200 und 300 werden diese bzw. deren Filterkurven FK vorzugsweise derart eingestellt, dass das Sendesignal S für die Arbeitsfrequenz f4 eine möglichst geringe Signaldämpfung aufweist.In order to determine the occupied or free state of the track section 20, the function generator 100 generates the transmission signal S with an operating frequency f4, which reaches the receiving device 400 and the evaluation device 500 via the track section 20. As part of the setting or calibration of the tuning devices 200 and 300, these are or their filter curves FK are preferably set such that the transmission signal S has the lowest possible signal attenuation for the working frequency f4.

Der Funktionsgenerator 100 erzeugt zusätzlich zu der Arbeitsfrequenz f4 auch Vergleichsfrequenzen f1, f2, f3, f5, f6 und f7. Die Vergleichsfrequenzen f1, f2 und f3 sind kleiner als die Arbeitsfrequenz f4, und die Vergleichsfrequenzen f5, f6 und f7 sind größer als die Arbeitsfrequenz f4.In addition to the working frequency f4, the function generator 100 also generates comparison frequencies f1, f2, f3, f5, f6 and f7. The comparison frequencies f1, f2 and f3 are smaller than the working frequency f4, and the comparison frequencies f5, f6 and f7 are larger than the working frequency f4.

Aufgrund der Filterkurven FK der beiden Abstimmeinrichtungen 200 und 300 werden die Vergleichsfrequenzen f1 bis f3 bzw. f5 bis f7 bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 stärker als die Arbeitsfrequenz f4 gedämpft.Based on the filter curves FK of the two tuning devices 200 and 300, the comparison frequencies f1 to f3 and f5 to f7 in the exemplary embodiment are shown in FIG Figure 1 damped more than the working frequency f4.

Im Rahmen der Kalibrierung bzw. Inbetriebnahme der Einrichtung 10 werden darüber hinaus die Signalpegel bzw. Signalamplituden des Empfangssignals E für die Arbeitsfrequenz f4 sowie für die Vergleichsfrequenzen f1 bis f3 bzw. f5 bis f7 gemessen und als Referenzpegel bzw. als Referenzpegelverlauf Ar(f) in dem Speicher 520 abgespeichert.As part of the calibration or commissioning of the device 10, the signal levels or signal amplitudes of the received signal E for the operating frequency f4 and for the comparison frequencies f1 to f3 or f5 to f7 are measured and as a reference level or as a reference level curve Ar (f) in stored in the memory 520.

2. Normalbetrieb der Einrichtung 10:2. Normal operation of device 10:

Im Normalbetrieb wird zur Erzeugung des Besetztzustandssignals BS das Sendesignal S hinsichtlich der Arbeitsfrequenz f4 ausgewertet. Befindet sich ein Schienenfahrzeug im Gleisabschnitt 20, so wird das Sendesignal S beeinflusst, in der Regel gedämpft, was wiederum von der Auswerteinrichtung 500 festgestellt werden kann und zur Erzeugung des Besetztzustandssignals BS herangezogen werden kann. Vorzugsweise wird ein eine Besetzung des Gleisabschnitts 21 anzeigendes Besetztzustandssignal BS erzeugt, wenn der Signalpegel des Empfangssignals für die Arbeitsfrequenz f4 eine vorgegebene untere Schwelle erreicht oder unterschreitet.In normal operation, the transmission signal S is evaluated with regard to the operating frequency f4 in order to generate the occupied state signal BS. If there is a rail vehicle in the track section 20, the transmission signal S is influenced, as a rule damped, which in turn can be determined by the evaluation device 500 and can be used to generate the occupied state signal BS. A busy state signal BS indicating a occupation of the track section 21 is preferably generated when the signal level of the received signal for the working frequency f4 reaches or falls below a predetermined lower threshold.

3. Überprüfung der korrekten Arbeitweise der Einrichtung 10:3. Checking the correct functioning of the facility 10:

Die Einrichtung 10 gemäß Figur 1 ermöglicht darüber hinaus die Überprüfung ihrer korrekten Arbeitsweise. Zu diesem Zweck kann der Funktionsgenerator 100 zusätzlich zu der Arbeitsfrequenz f4 die Vergleichsfrequenzen f1 bis f3 bzw. f5 bis f7 erzeugen und diese Frequenzen mit dem Sendesignal S in den Gleisabschnitt 20 einspeisen. Der Funktionsgenerator 100 kann die Frequenz des Sendesignals S beispielsweise über der Zeit stufenförmig verändern bzw. einstellen, wie dies beispielhaft in der Figur 2 gezeigt ist. Es lässt sich erkennen, dass die Frequenz ausgehend von der kleinsten Frequenz f1 hin zur größten Frequenz f7 stufenförmig ansteigt und das Sendesignal S zu jedem Zeitpunkt jeweils eine der sieben Frequenzen f1 bis f7 aufweist.The device 10 according to Figure 1 also allows you to check that they are working correctly. To this end In addition to the working frequency f4, the function generator 100 can generate the comparison frequencies f1 to f3 or f5 to f7 and feed these frequencies into the track section 20 with the transmission signal S. The function generator 100 can change or adjust the frequency of the transmission signal S stepwise, for example, over time, as is exemplified in FIG Figure 2 is shown. It can be seen that the frequency increases in steps from the smallest frequency f1 to the largest frequency f7 and that the transmission signal S has one of the seven frequencies f1 to f7 at each time.

Die Figur 3 zeigt die Arbeitsweise der Auswerteinrichtung 500 im Zusammenhang mit der Überprüfung der Funktionsfähigkeit der Einrichtung 10 näher im Detail. Die Überprüfung wird vorzugsweise durchgeführt, wenn der Gleisabschnitt 20 unbesetzt ist oder zumindest ein entsprechendes ein Nichtbesetztsein anzeigendes Besetztzustandssignal BS vorliegt.The Figure 3 shows the mode of operation of the evaluation device 500 in connection with the checking of the functionality of the device 10 in more detail. The check is preferably carried out when the track section 20 is unoccupied or at least there is a corresponding busy state signal BS indicating that it is not occupied.

Es lässt sich in der Figur 3 erkennen, dass die Auswerteinrichtung 500 das Empfangssignal E frequenzabhängig auswertet und einen gemessenen Signalpegelverlauf Am(f) bildet. Anschließend wird der gemessene Signalpegelverlauf Am(f) mit dem im Speicher 520 abgespeicherten Referenzpegelverlauf Ar(f) verglichen.It can be in the Figure 3 recognize that the evaluation device 500 evaluates the received signal E as a function of frequency and forms a measured signal level curve Am (f). The measured signal level curve Am (f) is then compared with the reference level curve Ar (f) stored in the memory 520.

Stellt die Auswerteinrichtung 500 fest, dass der abgespeicherte Signalpegelverlauf Ar(f) dem gemessenen aktuellen Signalpegelverlauf Am(f) im Wesentlichen entspricht, so erzeugt sie ein Kontrollsignal OK, das die korrekte Arbeitsweise der Einrichtung 10 signalisiert.If the evaluation device 500 determines that the stored signal level curve Ar (f) essentially corresponds to the measured current signal level curve Am (f), it generates a control signal OK that signals the correct functioning of the device 10.

Stellt die Auswerteinrichtung 500 hingegen fest, dass der gemessene aktuelle Signalpegelverlauf Am(f) über ein vorgegebenes Maß hinaus gegenüber dem abgespeicherten Referenzpegelverlauf Ar(f) in der Frequenz verschoben ist, so erzeugt sie ausgangsseitig ein Fehlersignal Fe, das auf einen einrichtungsseitigen Fehler, also einen Fehler der Einrichtung 10, hinweist. Eine solche Frequenzverschiebung kann beispielsweise darauf beruhen, dass eine der beiden Abstimmeinrichtungen 200 oder 300 oder auch beide Abstimmeinrichtungen 200 und 300 aufgrund äußerer Einflüsse, beispielsweise aufgrund von Temperaturschwankungen, verstimmt worden sind und die Filterkurven FK nicht mehr mit der ursprünglichen, bei der Inbetriebnahme oder Wartung der Einrichtung 10 festgelegten Filterkurve FK übereinstimmen.If, on the other hand, the evaluation device 500 determines that the measured current signal level curve Am (f) is shifted in frequency beyond a predetermined amount compared to the stored reference level curve Ar (f), then it generates an error signal Fe on the output side, which indicates an error on the device side, i.e. an error of the device 10, points. Such a frequency shift can be based, for example, on the fact that one of the two tuning devices 200 or 300 or also both tuning devices 200 and 300 have been detuned due to external influences, for example due to temperature fluctuations, and the filter curves FK no longer match the original one during commissioning or maintenance the filter curve FK determined in accordance with the device 10.

Stellt die Auswerteinrichtung 500 fest, dass der aktuell gemessene Signalpegelverlauf Am(f) vom Frequenzverlauf her dem abgespeicherten Referenzpegelverlauf Ar(f) im Wesentlichen entspricht, jedoch eine Pegeländerung, insbesondere eine Pegelreduktion, über ein vorgegebenes Maß hinaus aufgetreten ist, so erzeugt sie ausgangsseitig ein Fehlersignal Fs, das auf einen streckenseitigen Fehler hindeutet. Ein Absinken des Signalpegelverlaufs kann beispielsweise auftreten, wenn sich der Bettungswiderstand des Gleises im Gleisabschnitt 20 reduziert hat. Auch kann eine Pegeländerung auftreten, wenn es zu einer Erhöhung des Schienenwiderstands gekommen ist, beispielsweise infolge eines Schienenbruchs im Gleisabschnitt 20.If the evaluation device 500 determines that the currently measured signal level curve Am (f) essentially corresponds to the stored reference level curve Ar (f) in terms of frequency curve, but that a level change, in particular a level reduction, has occurred beyond a predetermined amount, it generates an output side Error signal Fs, which indicates a track-side error. A decrease in the signal level curve can occur, for example, when the bedding resistance of the track in track section 20 has reduced. A level change can also occur if there has been an increase in the rail resistance, for example as a result of a rail break in the track section 20.

Falls die Recheneinrichtung 510 den Funktionsgenerator 100 mittels des Steuersignals ST derart ansteuert, dass sie zu jedem Zeitpunkt die Frequenz des Sendesignals S kennt, so kann die Empfangseinrichtung 400 im Übrigen auch ohne A/D-Wandler auskommen und durch einen einfachen Detektor gebildet sein, der lediglich die jeweilige Signalamplitude des Empfangssignals E misst und ausgibt. In diesem Falle kann die Auswerteinrichtung 500 auf eine Fouriertransformation verzichten, weil die Frequenz des Empfangssignals E zu jedem Zeitpunkt bekannt ist. Entsprechendes gilt für die Ausgestaltungen gemäß den Figuren 4 bis 7.If the computing device 510 controls the function generator 100 by means of the control signal ST in such a way that it knows the frequency of the transmission signal S at all times, then the receiving device 400 can also do without an A / D converter and be formed by a simple detector which only measures and outputs the respective signal amplitude of the received signal E. In this case, the evaluation device 500 can dispense with a Fourier transformation because the frequency of the received signal E is known at all times. The same applies to the configurations according to Figures 4 to 7 ,

Die Figur 4 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Einrichtung 10, bei der als Sendeeinrichtung anstelle eines Funktionsgenerators 100 ein durchstimmbarer Oszillator 110 eingesetzt ist. Der durchstimmbare Oszillator 110 erzeugt über der Zeit ein Sendesignal S mit einer rampenförmig ansteigenden Frequenz, wie dies beispielhaft in der Figur 5 dargestellt ist.The Figure 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device 10 in which a tunable oscillator 110 is used as the transmitting device instead of a function generator 100 is. The tunable oscillator 110 generates a transmission signal S with a ramp-like frequency over time, as exemplified in FIG Figure 5 is shown.

Im Unterschied zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 wird das Sendesignal S also frequenzmäßig nicht stufenförmig verändert, sondern zeitlich kontinuierlich. Im Übrigen gelten die obigen Ausführungen im Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 1 bis 3 bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den Figuren 4 und 5 entsprechend.In contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 1 the transmitted signal S is therefore not changed stepwise in frequency, but continuously over time. Otherwise, the above statements apply in connection with the Figures 1 to 3 in the embodiment according to the Figures 4 and 5 corresponding.

Die Figur 6 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Einrichtung 10, bei der als Sendeeinrichtung ein Oszillator 120 eingesetzt wird, der im Wobbelbetrieb betrieben wird. Das von dem Oszillator 120 ausgegebene Sendesignal S bzw. dessen Frequenzverlauf f(t) ist in der Figur 7 über der Zeit dargestellt. Es lässt sich erkennen, dass die Frequenz f(t) über der Zeit t sinusförmig um die Arbeitsfrequenz f4 schwingt. Im Übrigen gelten die obigen Ausführungen im Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 1 bis 3 bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den Figuren 6 bis 7 entsprechend.The Figure 6 shows an embodiment of a device 10, in which an oscillator 120 is used as the transmitting device, which is operated in sweep mode. The transmission signal S output by the oscillator 120 or its frequency characteristic f (t) is shown in FIG Figure 7 represented over time. It can be seen that the frequency f (t) oscillates sinusoidally around the working frequency f4 over time t. Otherwise, the above statements apply in connection with the Figures 1 to 3 in the embodiment according to Figures 6 to 7 accordingly.

Die Figur 8 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Einrichtung 10, bei der als Sendeeinrichtung ein Frequenzkammgenerator 130 eingesetzt wird. Der Amplitudenverlauf A(f) des von dem Frequenzkammgenerator 130 erzeugten Sendesignals ist in der Figur 9 über der Frequenz f dargestellt. Es lässt sich erkennen, dass das Frequenzspektrum des Sendesignals S alle sieben Frequenzen f1 bis f7 zu jedem Zeitpunkt aufweist. Im Unterschied zu den Ausführungsbeispielen gemäß den Figuren 1 bis 7 weist das Sendesignal S also zu jedem Zeitpunkt nicht nur jeweils eine Frequenz auf, sondern mehrere, nämlich beispielsweise sieben, wie dies in der Figur 9 dargestellt ist.The Figure 8 shows an embodiment of a device 10 in which a frequency comb generator 130 is used as the transmitting device. The amplitude profile A (f) of the transmission signal generated by the frequency comb generator 130 is in FIG Figure 9 plotted against frequency f. It can be seen that the frequency spectrum of the transmission signal S has all seven frequencies f1 to f7 at all times. In contrast to the embodiments according to the Figures 1 to 7 at every point in time, the transmission signal S therefore not only has one frequency, but several, for example seven, as shown in FIG Figure 9 is shown.

Im Übrigen gelten die obigen Ausführungen im Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 1 bis 7 bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den Figuren 8 und 9 entsprechend.Otherwise, the above statements apply in connection with the Figures 1 to 7 in the embodiment according to Figures 8 and 9 accordingly.

Die Figur 10 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Einrichtung 10, bei der als Sendeeinrichtung ein Rauschgenerator 140 eingesetzt wird. Das Frequenzspektrum des Sendesignals S ist in Form eines Signalpegelverlaufs bzw. Amplitudenverlaufs A(f) in Abhängigkeit von der Frequenz f in der Figur 11 dargestellt. Es lässt sich erkennen, dass der Signalpegel für den Frequenzbereich zwischen der unteren Vergleichsfrequenz f1 und der oberen Vergleichsfrequenz f7 im Wesentlichen konstant bzw. gleichgroß ist.The Figure 10 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device 10 in which a noise generator 140 is used as the transmitting device. The frequency spectrum of the transmission signal S is in the form of a signal level curve or amplitude curve A (f) depending on the frequency f in the Figure 11 shown. It can be seen that the signal level for the frequency range between the lower comparison frequency f1 and the upper comparison frequency f7 is essentially constant or of the same size.

Im Übrigen gelten die obigen Ausführungen im Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 1 bis 3 bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den Figuren 10 und 11 entsprechend.Otherwise, the above statements apply in connection with the Figures 1 to 3 in the embodiment according to Figures 10 and 11 accordingly.

Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele eingeschränkt.Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail by means of preferred exemplary embodiments, the invention is not restricted by the disclosed examples.

Claims (15)

  1. Device (10) for generating an occupation signal (BS) indicating the occupation status of a track section (20) of a railway track installation,
    wherein the device (10) has
    - a transmission device (100, 110, 120, 130, 140) for feeding a transmission signal (S) having at least intermittently a predefined operating frequency (f4) into at least one rail of the track section (20),
    - a receiving device (400) for receiving the transmission signal (S),
    - an evaluation device (500) for evaluating the receiving signal (E) of the receiving device (400) and
    - at least one tuning device (200, 300) switchable between the transmission device (100, 110, 120, 130, 140) and the rail or between the receiving device (400) and the rail, which enables a modification of the frequency behaviour of the signal path in the section between the transmission device (100, 110, 120, 130, 140) and the receiving device (400) with a view to minimum signal damping for the predefined operating frequency (f4), and
    wherein the evaluation unit (500) is designed such that it generates an occupation signal (BS) indicating an occupation status of the track section (20), when the signal level for the predefined operating frequency (f4) reaches or falls below a predefined minimum level,
    characterised in that
    - the transmission device (100, 110, 120, 130, 140) is designed such that it generates or can generate the transmission signal (S) additionally with at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7), wherein one of the comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7) lies below the operating frequency (f4) and the other lies above the operating frequency (f4), and
    - the evaluation device (500) is suitable for emitting the measured signal levels of the receiving signal (E) for the operating frequency (f4) and the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7) or for using them to form a control signal (OK) or error signal (Fe, Fs).
  2. Device (10) according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the evaluation device (500) is configured such that it compares the measured signal levels of the receiving signal (E) for the operating frequency (f4) and the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7) with stored reference levels for the operating frequency (f4) and the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7) and generates a control signal (OK) indicating correct functioning of the device (10), when the deviation between the measured signal levels and the stored reference levels falls below a predefined threshold both for the operating frequency (f4) and also for the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7).
  3. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the evaluation device (500) is configured such that it generates an error signal (Fs) indicating a track-side error, in particular a reduction in the ballast resistance of the rail or rails of the track section (20) or an increase in the rail resistance, when the measured signal levels - in the unoccupied status of the track section (20) - for the operating frequency (f4) and the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7) deviate from the stored reference levels by more than a predefined extent, in particular fall below these.
  4. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the evaluation device (500) is configured such that it generates an error signal (Fs) indicating a track-side error, in particular a reduction in the ballast resistance of the rail or rails of the track section (20) or an increase in the rail resistance, when - in the unoccupied status of the track section (20) - the measured signal level characteristic in a predefined receiving frequency range, which includes the operating frequency (f4) and the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7), corresponds to a corresponding stored signal level characteristic, and additionally a level deviation, in particular level reduction, by more than a predefined extent has occurred in the entire receiving frequency range.
  5. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the evaluation device (500) is configured such that it generates an error signal (Fe) indicating a device-side error, in particular a detuning of the tuning device (200, 300) or of the tuning devices, when the measured signal levels - in the unoccupied status of the track section (20) - are frequency-shifted by more than a predefined extent compared to stored reference levels.
  6. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the evaluation device (500) is configured such that it generates an error signal (Fe) indicating a device-side error, in particular a detuning of the tuning device (200, 300) or of the tuning devices, when - in the unoccupied status of the track section (20) - the measured signal characteristic in a predefined receiving frequency range, which includes the operating frequency (f4) and the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7), is frequency-shifted by more than a predefined extent compared to the corresponding stored reference level characteristic.
  7. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the transmission device (100, 110, 120) is tunable in terms of frequency in a frequency range which at least also includes the operating frequency (f4) and the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7).
  8. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    - the transmission device (100, 110, 120) can optionally be adjusted by means of a control signal to the operating frequency (f4) and each of the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7) and
    - a control device of the device (10) adjusts the transmission device (100, 110, 120, 130, 140) intermittently to the operating frequency (f4) and intermittently in each case to one of the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7).
  9. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    - the transmission device (120) wobbles the frequency of the transmission signal (S) about the operating frequency (f4).
  10. Device (10) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    - the transmission device (130, 140) is broadband in terms of frequency in a transmit band which includes the operating frequency (f4) and the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7), and
    - the receiving device (400) and/or the evaluation device (500) detects the signal levels frequency-selectively for the operating frequency (f4) and each of the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7).
  11. Method for checking the functionality of a device (10) which is designed to generate an occupation signal indicating the occupation status of a track section (20) of a railway track installation, wherein the device (10) has: a transmission device (100, 110, 120, 130, 140) which feeds a transmission signal (S) having at least intermittently a predefined operating frequency (f4) into at least one rail of the track section (20), a receiving device (400) which receives the transmission signal (S), an evaluation device (500) which evaluates the receiving signal (E) of the receiving device (400), and at least one tuning device (200, 300) switched between the transmission device (100, 110, 120, 130, 140) and the rail or between the receiving device (400) and the rail, which is adjusted for a modification of the frequency behaviour of the signal path in the section between the transmission device (100, 110, 120, 130, 140) and the receiving device (400) with a view to minimum signal damping for the predefined operating frequency (f4),
    characterised in that
    - using the transmission device (100, 110, 120, 130, 140) the transmission signal (S) is generated with at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7), be this permanently or intermittently, whereby one of the comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7) lies below the operating frequency (f4) and the other above the operating frequency (f4), and
    - the measured signal levels of the receiving signal (E) for the operating frequency (f4) and the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7) are used to form an error signal (Fs) or control signal (OK).
  12. Method according to claim 11,
    characterised in that
    an error signal (Fs) is generated, indicating a track-side error, in particular a reduction in the ballast resistance of the rail or rails of the track section (20) or an increase in the rail resistance, when the measured signal levels in the unoccupied status of the track section (20) for the operating frequency (f4) and the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7) deviate from stored reference levels by more than a predefined extent, in particular fall below these.
  13. Method according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 12,
    characterised in that
    an error signal (Fs) is generated, indicating a track-side error, in particular a reduction in the ballast resistance of the rail or rails of the track section (20) or an increase in the rail resistance, when - in the unoccupied status of the track section (20) - the measured signal level characteristic in a predefined receiving frequency range qualitatively corresponds to a corresponding stored reference level characteristic, and simultaneously a level deviation, in particular level reduction, by more than a predefined extent is established in the entire receiving frequency range.
  14. Method according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 13,
    characterised in that
    an error signal (Fe) is generated, indicating a device-side error, in particular a detuning of the tuning device (200, 300) or of the tuning devices, when the measured signal levels - in the unoccupied status of the track section (20) - are frequency-shifted by more than a predefined extent compared to stored reference levels.
  15. Method according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 14,
    characterised in that
    an error signal (Fe) is generated, indicating a device-side error, in particular a detuning of the tuning device (200, 300) or of the tuning devices, when - in the unoccupied status of the track section (20) - the measured signal level characteristic in a predefined receiving frequency range, which includes the operating frequency (f4) and the at least two comparison frequencies (f1-f3, f5-f7), is frequency-shifted from a corresponding stored signal level characteristic by more than a predefined extent.
EP18204300.0A 2017-12-04 2018-11-05 Device for generating an occupation signal for a railway track installation Active EP3492336B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017221777.4A DE102017221777A1 (en) 2017-12-04 2017-12-04 Device for generating a busy condition signal for a railway track system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3492336A1 EP3492336A1 (en) 2019-06-05
EP3492336B1 true EP3492336B1 (en) 2020-01-01

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EP18204300.0A Active EP3492336B1 (en) 2017-12-04 2018-11-05 Device for generating an occupation signal for a railway track installation

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EP (1) EP3492336B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102017221777A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2773426T3 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021106493A1 (en) * 2021-03-17 2022-09-22 Hanning & Kahl Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for detecting a rail vehicle

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2445397C2 (en) * 1974-09-23 1982-09-23 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Track circuit, especially for direct current railways with chopper-controlled locomotives
EP2084048B1 (en) * 2006-10-30 2016-11-30 Siemens Schweiz AG Method and device for evaluation of measurement data in railway track circuits
DE102009010906A1 (en) * 2009-03-02 2010-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Devices for detecting the occupancy or free state of a track section and method for operating such devices
DE102011006552A1 (en) * 2011-03-31 2012-10-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Device for detecting the occupancy or free state of a track section and method for operating such a device

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Title
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Publication number Publication date
ES2773426T3 (en) 2020-07-13
DE102017221777A1 (en) 2019-06-06
EP3492336A1 (en) 2019-06-05

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