EP3491305A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un projectile de glace - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'un projectile de glaceInfo
- Publication number
- EP3491305A1 EP3491305A1 EP17784336.4A EP17784336A EP3491305A1 EP 3491305 A1 EP3491305 A1 EP 3491305A1 EP 17784336 A EP17784336 A EP 17784336A EP 3491305 A1 EP3491305 A1 EP 3491305A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mixture
- cooling
- ice cube
- water
- ice
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009161 Espostoa lanata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001624 Espostoa lanata Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C1/00—Producing ice
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/003—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods using material which dissolves or changes phase after the treatment, e.g. ice, CO2
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/04—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
- F01D21/045—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position special arrangements in stators or in rotors dealing with breaking-off of part of rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/05—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants having provisions for obviating the penetration of damaging objects or particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/12—Testing on a test bench
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of making and using an ice projectile.
- a first method makes it possible to achieve a hailstone close to what nature does.
- the projectile is produced by successive solidifications of water droplets suspended in supercooling.
- Another known method is the manufacture of a hailstone by continuous solidification of water vapor around a cold finger.
- Another method is to place water, if possible distilled or demineralized, in a cooling chamber type freezer.
- the mold in which the water is placed confers a first roughing of the final shape, and final machining or polishing completes the shape.
- This homogeneous ice projectile in its composition has significantly more degraded mechanical properties (less good mechanical resistance) than those of natural hailstone.
- the disadvantage of the first two techniques is the complexity and the very long duration of manufacture of the ice projectile.
- the disadvantage of the third technique is to use a projectile less resistant than the natural hailstone, and therefore to perform a test less destructive than a real hailstone and therefore underestimate the impact of a real hailstone.
- the disadvantage of the fourth is to drive to an essay that overestimates the impact of a real hailstone.
- this fourth technique by the heterogeneous nature of the projectile, can induce an important dispersion between two tests for small projectiles.
- the third and fourth techniques are used together, which amounts to doubling the number of trials.
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing and using an ice projectile.
- the method comprises the steps of:
- the mixture of water and alcohol slows down the solidification process during cooling.
- the liquid mixture passes through an aqueous phase in which crystals mainly consisting of water are surrounded by a liquid solution consisting mainly of alcohol.
- This aqueous phase before the total solidification, allows a relaxation of the internal stresses induced by the crystallization of the water and its volumetric expansion.
- the liquid solution that surrounds the crystals acts as a lubricant.
- the mixture of water and alcohol makes it possible to precisely control the final dimensions of the ice cube: the thermal expansion taking place in the aqueous phase, it is distributed homogeneously in all directions of the ice cube, unlike an ice cube. pure water that deforms and congeals locally at moments slightly different from one point to the other of the ice cube.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to quickly and simply manufacture ice projectiles by using a mixture of water and alcohol.
- the mixture of water and alcohol makes it possible to manufacture ice projectiles with mechanical characteristics similar to the mechanical characteristics of natural hailstones.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture ice packs composed of volatile elements which leave no solid residue after their projection and drying, unlike projectiles which contain a core of solid fibers.
- the solidification temperature of the mixture is substantially equal to 200 ° K.
- the step of cooling the mixture in the cooling and solidifying means of the ice cube mixture, to a solidification temperature of the mixture, to obtain at least one ice cube, has a transition temperature plateau in which the mixture has an aqueous phase composed of solid crystals mainly composed of water, the solid crystals being surrounded by a liquid solution mainly composed of alcohol.
- the transition temperature plateau may be between 270 ° K and 230 ° K.
- the cooling step of the mixture in the cooling and solidification means of the ice cube mixture, up to a solidification temperature of the mixture, to obtain at least one ice cube may be carried out at a speed greater than or equal to at 0.5 ° K per second.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to rapidly produce an ice projectile from liquid solutions.
- the cooling step of the mixture in the cooling and solidifying means of the ice cube mixture, up to a solidification temperature of the mixture, to obtain at least one ice cube may be carried out at a lower speed or equal to 0.5 ° K per second.
- the step of cooling the mixture in the cooling and solidifying means of the ice cube mixture, to a solidification temperature of the mixture, to obtain at least one ice cube can be carried out by stirring the mixture to maintain homogeneity.
- the projection step of the or each ice cube is carried out at a temperature between 60 ° K and 250 ° K.
- the temperature of the projectile ice during its projection allows to optimize the mechanical properties to simulate as accurately as possible a hailstone.
- the cooling and solidification means may comprise at least one mold for shaping at least one ice cube.
- the cooling and solidification means may comprise at least one tube for cooling and shaping at least one ice cube.
- the or each tube may be connected to projection means for projecting the or each ice cube positioned in the corresponding tube.
- the ice projectile can be solidified and projected by the same device.
- the cooling and solidification means may comprise at least one cryostat.
- the alcohol may belong to the group comprising ethanol, methanol, butanol and propanol.
- the amount of alcohol is provided by an alcoholic solution having a purity greater than or equal to 90%.
- the water is supplied by an aqueous solution taken from distilled water and demineralised water.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1657408A FR3054649B1 (fr) | 2016-07-29 | 2016-07-29 | Procede de fabrication d’un projectile de glace |
| PCT/FR2017/051471 WO2018020089A1 (fr) | 2016-07-29 | 2017-06-09 | Procédé de fabrication d'un projectile de glace |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3491305A1 true EP3491305A1 (fr) | 2019-06-05 |
Family
ID=57233646
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17784336.4A Withdrawn EP3491305A1 (fr) | 2016-07-29 | 2017-06-09 | Procédé de fabrication d'un projectile de glace |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10982891B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3491305A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3054649B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018020089A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12590745B2 (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2026-03-31 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for artificial bird manufacturing in impact testing |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114486142A (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-13 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | 用于飞行器透明罩体抗撞击性试验的冰弹系统及制作方法 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5147466A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1992-09-15 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of cleaning a surface by blasting the fine frozen particles against the surface |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2034754A6 (fr) * | 1968-03-06 | 1970-12-18 | Mille Gaston | |
| FR2678527B1 (fr) * | 1991-07-05 | 1993-09-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Appareil de stockage et de projection de billes de glace. |
| US20060130886A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-22 | Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation | Method and apparatus for manufacturing cleaning material and cleaning system using the same |
| AT512684B1 (de) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-03-15 | Ibs Inst Fuer Brandschutztechnik Und Sicherheitsforschung Ges M B H | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Eiskugeln |
| US10119739B2 (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-11-06 | Accudyne Systems, Inc. | Hail producing machine |
-
2016
- 2016-07-29 FR FR1657408A patent/FR3054649B1/fr active Active
-
2017
- 2017-06-09 WO PCT/FR2017/051471 patent/WO2018020089A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-06-09 EP EP17784336.4A patent/EP3491305A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-06-09 US US16/321,245 patent/US10982891B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5147466A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1992-09-15 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of cleaning a surface by blasting the fine frozen particles against the surface |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12590745B2 (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2026-03-31 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for artificial bird manufacturing in impact testing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US10982891B2 (en) | 2021-04-20 |
| WO2018020089A1 (fr) | 2018-02-01 |
| FR3054649B1 (fr) | 2018-08-10 |
| US20190170419A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
| FR3054649A1 (fr) | 2018-02-02 |
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Legal Events
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
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