EP3491201B1

EP3491201B1 - Reinforced concrete element, beam and floor

Info

Publication number: EP3491201B1
Application number: EP17761324.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Luigi Grassia; Pasquale Impero
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: IMPERO, PASQUALE
Priority date: 2016-07-26
Filing date: 2017-07-25
Publication date: 2021-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 2037-07-25
Also published as: IT201600078034A1; WO2018020407A1; EP3491201A1

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the technical sector concerning constructions. In particular, the present invention relates to a reinforced concrete element, to a reinforced concrete beam comprising the reinforced concrete element and a floor made of reinforced concrete.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

Reinforced concrete, as is known, enables realising elements able to combine the excellent resistance to compression of concrete with the effective resistance to traction of the reinforcement.
A reinforced concrete element is known which comprises a reinforcement made of a metal and a block of concrete which entirely incorporates the reinforcement.
The reinforcement is constituted by a plurality of steel bars having a circular transversal section (known as "bars") which are welded to one another so as to form a reinforcement cage and which includes ribs on the surface thereof.
The realising of the above-mentioned reinforcement requires: predisposing a plurality of longitudinal bars (at least three) that are parallel in relation to one another; welding a plurality of transversal bars to the longitudinal bars; welding the transversal bars to one another. This operation is expensive in terms of time.
It is known that in a reinforced concrete element, the effectiveness of the reinforcement (i.e. the resistance to traction of the element) depends on the ratio between the surface of the reinforcement and the volume of the reinforcement. For this reason, the reinforcement includes bars having ribs on the surface thereof.
However, with reference to the reinforcement of the above-mentioned reinforced concrete element of known type, it is not possible to substantially increase the effectiveness of the reinforcement as an increase in the surface of the longitudinal and transversal bars also determines an increase in the volume thereof.
Document EP 0 292 449 discloses a known fire resistant, pre-stressed structural flooring carrying beam of steel that includes two vertical webs and a bearing plate along the bottom of the beam extending outside the webs for bearing the floor structure, the upper side of which is above the upper side of the steel beam after finished concrete pouring. Document KR 2012 0028763 discloses another know composite beam using prefabricated steel beam of a C-shape that comprises a prefabricated steel beam, multiple fixing members, multiple deck plates, and a concrete.
Further, document EP 1 862 606 discloses a beam for supporting floor elements, having a bottom side, a top side and two lateral sides and document DE 92 14 426 discloses steel girder for a sheet metal composite ceiling with a lower steel and support plate, which is provided with a composite body protruding into the in-situ concrete.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the light of the above, the aim of the present invention consists in obviating the above-mentioned drawbacks.
The above aim is obtained with a reinforced concrete element according to claim 1, a reinforced concrete beam according to claim 5 and a reinforced concrete floor according to claim 7.
With reference to the reinforced concrete element of the present invention, the first plate and the second plate enable increasing, with respect to the above-described known member, the interface surface between the block of concrete and the reinforcement. Further, the use of the first plate and the second plate enables increasing the effectiveness of the reinforcement.
Therefore, the reinforcement of the invention advantageously enables, given same dimensions of a reinforced concrete element, increasing the admissible load of the reinforced concrete element.
Further, for a given load and rigidity value required by a reinforced concrete element, the reinforcement of the reinforced concrete element of the invention enables reducing the material necessary for the block of concrete, and therefore reduces costs.
Further, the reinforcement of the reinforced concrete element of the invention is of more rapid manufacture with respect to the reinforcement of a reinforced concrete element of known type. This translates into a further reduction in costs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Specific embodiments of the invention will be described in the following part of the present description, according to what is set down in the claims and with the aid of the accompanying tables of drawings, in which:

figure 1 is a perspective view of a reinforcement not comprising two C-shaped plates and thus not forming part of the claimed invention;
figure 2 is a perspective view of the reinforcement of an embodiment of the reinforced concrete element of the present invention;
figure 3 is an exploded view of the reinforcement of figure 2;
figure 4 is a transversal section of a reinforced concrete element, in particular a beam made of a reinforced concrete, comprising the reinforcement of figure 2;
figures 5 and 6 respectively illustrate a first embodiment and a second embodiment of part of a floor made or reinforced concrete of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

With reference to the appended tables of drawings, reference numeral (1) denotes in its entirety a reinforced concrete element, object of the present invention (it can be, for example, a pillar, a beam or a floor).
The reinforced concrete element (1) comprises a reinforcement (100) made of a metal and a block of concrete (4) which at least partly incorporates the reinforcement (100).
The reinforcement (100) comprises a first plate (2) which is planar, which has a longitudinal extension along a first extension axis (X) and which comprises a first surface (2a), a second surface (2b) opposite the first surface (2a), a first longitudinal flank (2c) which connects the first surface (2a) and the second surface (2b) to one another, and a second longitudinal flank (2d) which is opposite the first longitudinal flank (2c) and which connects the first surface (2a) and the second surface (2b) to one another.
The reinforcement (100) further comprises a second plate (3) which has a longitudinal extension along a second extension axis (Y) and which comprises a first portion (3a) that is planar and comprises a first longitudinal flank (30a) parallel to the second extension axis (Y).
The first plate (2) and the second plate (3) are fixed to one another in such a way that: the first extension axis (X) and the second extension axis (Y) are parallel; the first longitudinal flank (30a) of the first portion (3a) of the second plate (3) contacts the first surface (2a) of the first plate (2); the second plate (3) is transversal relative to first plate (2).
The block of concrete (4) contacts the first surface (2a) of the first plate (2) and incorporates the second plate (3).
The second plate (3) can be perpendicular to the first plate (2) (see the figures of the drawings). Alternatively, the second plate (3) might be inclined with respect to the first plate (2) by an angle comprised between 20° and 90°.
The reinforced concrete element (1) can be symmetrical with respect to a plane that is perpendicular to the first plate (2) and parallel to the first extension axis (X).
As well as the second plate (3), the block of concrete (4) can further incorporate the first plate (2).
Alternatively, at least the second surface (2b) of the first plate (2) might not be contacted by the block of concrete (4) (i.e. be exposed to the outside). In this case, the second surface (2b) of the first plate (2) can be galvanised (for example, by spray galvanising). For the above reasons it is advantageously less subject to problems connected to corrosion. The first longitudinal flank (2c) and the second longitudinal flank (2d) of the first plate (2) can also be free of contact with the block of concrete (4).
With reference to figure 4, reference numeral (10) denotes in its entirety a beam made of reinforced concrete, also an object of the present invention.
The reinforced concrete beam (10), comprises a reinforced concrete element (1) as described in the foregoing, which reinforced concrete element (1) is arranged in such a way that the first plate (2) of the reinforcement (100) is parallel to the ground and the first surface (2a) of the first plate (2) is facing upwards.
The reinforcement (100) is advantageously self-bearing. In detail, the method for realising the reinforced concrete beam (10) includes steps of positioning the reinforcement (100) of the reinforced concrete element (1) so that the first plate (2) of the reinforcement (100) is parallel to the ground and the first surface (2a) of the first plate (2) is facing upwards; positioning the material for realising the form of the reinforced concrete beam (10) which is to be obtained; casting the concrete in the form; waiting for the concrete to harden so that the reinforced concrete element (10) is formed. Arranged and conformed in this way the reinforcement (100) has the function of supporting itself and the concrete before the hardening thereof; this enables casting the concrete entirely on site and this enables transport and movement of the reinforcement (100) to be made simple.
A beam is known, made of reinforced concrete (known as a predalles beam) which comprises: a reinforcement comprising circular transversal-section steel bars and a first block of concrete which incorporates a part of the reinforcement and a second block of concrete which incorporates the remaining part of the reinforcement and which forms a single body with the first block of concrete. The reinforced concrete beam of known type is self-bearing due to the first block of concrete; however, the block of concrete makes the reinforcement of the reinforced concrete beam difficult and expensive to move. The reinforced concrete beam (10) preferably comprises a first surface (10a) which faces towards the ground and which comprises the second surface (2b) of the first plate (2).
The second surface (2b) of the first plate (2) is advantageously arranged at the stretched fibres of the reinforced concrete beam (10) and this enables increasing the resistance and rigidity to flexion thereof.
Alternatively, the first plate (2) of the reinforcement (100) can be incorporated in the block of concrete (4) at a distance from the first surface (10a) of the reinforced concrete beam (10) of not greater than 4 cm.
Further, with reference to figure 4, in a case where the second surface (2b) of the first plate (2) defines the first surface (10a) of the reinforced concrete beam (10) (they are the same size), the reinforcement (100) is not only self-bearing but also functions in part as a form for moulding.
With reference to figures 5 and 6 a part of a floor made of reinforced concrete of the present invention is illustrated.
The reinforced concrete floor comprises a plurality of reinforced concrete beams (10) according to one of the above-described embodiments, in which each reinforced concrete beam (10) is connected to an adjacent reinforced concrete beam (10).
In particular, the plurality of reinforced concrete beams (10) can comprise a first beam and a second beam connected to one another.
Further, the reinforced concrete floor can comprise lightening means (11) arranged between the first beam and the second beam and connected to one another.
The lightening means (11) can comprise a longitudinal element (110) made of polystyrene (figure 5) or a plurality of masonry blocks (111) (figure 6). The lightening means (11) are arranged between the first beam and the second beam and are incorporated in a further block of concrete which will form a single body with the block of concrete of the first beam and the second beam (it is specified that the blocks of concrete are formed in a single casting of concrete).
The reinforced concrete floor can further comprise a supplementary reinforcement (having a planar extension and net-conformed) arranged superiorly of the plurality of reinforced concrete beams (10) and incorporated in a respective block of concrete (this latter block of concrete will be in a single body with the block of concrete of the reinforced concrete beams (10) and will be formed in the same casting of concrete).
Further preferred embodiments of the reinforced concrete element (1) described in the foregoing will now be described.
The first portion (3a) of the second plate (3) comprises a second longitudinal flank (31a) opposite the first longitudinal flank (30a) and the second plate (3) has a transversal section which is C-shaped and comprises a second portion (3b) which extends from the first longitudinal flank (30a) of the first portion (3a) and a third portion (3c) which extends from the second longitudinal flank (31a) of the first portion (3a). The second portion (3b) of the second plate (3) contacts the first surface (2a) of the first plate (2).
The reinforced concrete element (1) is advantageously more rigid. Further, in a case of a reinforced concrete beam (10), it is more resistant to flexion.
The second longitudinal flank (31a) of the first portion (3a) of the second plate (3) can be parallel to the first longitudinal flank (30a) of the first portion (3a) of the second plate (3).
The second portion (3b) of the second plate (3) and the third portion (3c) of the second plate (3) can be parallel to one another. Further, the second portion (3b) of the second plate (3) can be perpendicular to the first portion (3a) of the second plate (3). Also, the third portion (3c) of the second plate (3) can be perpendicular to the first portion (3a) of the second plate (3).
The second plate (3) can be fixed to the first plate (2) at the second portion (3b) of the second plate (3) (they can be welded to one another).
The reinforcement (100) comprises a third plate (5) having a longitudinal extension along a third extension axis (Z) and comprising a first portion (5a) that is planar and that comprises a first longitudinal flank (50a) parallel to the third extension axis (Z). The first plate (2) and the third plate (5) are fixed to one another in such a way that: the first extension axis (X) and the third extension axis (Z) are parallel; the first longitudinal flank (50a) of the first portion (5a) of the third plate (5) contacts the first surface (2a) of the first plate (2); the third plate (5) is transversal relative to the first plate (2). The block of concrete (4) incorporates the third plate (5).
The effectiveness of the reinforcement (100) of the reinforced concrete element (1) of the invention is advantageously further increased. Further, an improvement of the effectiveness of the reinforcement (100) is obtained, with a smaller increase in weight of the reinforced concrete element (1).
The third plate (5) can be perpendicular to the first plate (2) (see the figures of the drawings). Alternatively, the third plate (5) might be inclined with respect to the first plate (2) by an angle comprised between 20° and 90°.
The first portion (5a) of the third plate (5) comprises a second longitudinal flank (51a) opposite the first longitudinal flank (50a) and the third plate (5) has a transversal section which is C-shaped and comprises a second portion (5b) which extends from the first longitudinal flank (50a) of the first portion (5a) and a third portion (5c) which extends from the second longitudinal flank (51a) of the first portion (5a). The second portion (5b) of the third plate (5) contacts the first surface (2a) of the first plate (2).
The reinforced concrete element (1) is advantageously even more rigid. Further, in a case of a reinforced concrete beam (10) or a reinforced concrete floor, they will be more resistant to flexion.
The second longitudinal flank (51a) of the first portion (5a) of the third plate (5) can be parallel to the first longitudinal flank (50a) of the first portion (5a) of the third plate (5).
The second portion (5b) of the third plate (5) and the third portion (5c) of the third plate (5) can be parallel to one another. The second portion (5b) of the third plate (5) can be perpendicular to the first portion (5a) of the third plate (5). Also, the third portion (5c) of the third plate (5) can be perpendicular to the first portion (5a) of the third plate (5).
The third portion (5c) can be fixed to the first plate (2) at the second portion (5b) of the third plate (5) (they can be welded to one another).
With particular reference to figure 4, the reinforced concrete element (1) is such that: the first portion (3a) of the second plate (3) is facing and parallel to the first portion (5a) of the third plate (5); the first plate (2) and the second plate (3) are fixed to one another in such a way that the second portion (3b) and the third portion (3c) of the second plate (3) extend from the first portion (3a) of the second plate (3) towards the first longitudinal flank (2c) of the first plate (2); the first plate (2) and the third plate (5) are fixed to one another in such a way that the second portion (5b) and the third portion (5c) of the third plate (5) extend from the first portion (5a) of the third plate (5) towards the second longitudinal flank (2d) of the first plate (2).
In a case of a reinforced concrete beam (10) or a reinforced concrete floor comprising the above-mentioned embodiment of the reinforced concrete element (1), resistance to flexion is advantageously optimised, as well as resistance to shear cutting forces, effectiveness of the reinforcement (100), and self-bearing capacity.
The height (H1) of the transversal section of the second plate (3) and the height (H2) of the transversal section of the third plate (5) are comprised in a range between 40% and 85% of the height (H3) of the transversal section of the reinforced concrete element (1). Further, the ratio between the thickness of the first plate (2) and the thickness of the second plate (3) is comprised in a range of between 1 and 3 the ratio between the thickness of the first plate (2) and the thickness of the third plate (5) is comprised in a range of between 1 and 3.
Still more preferably, the height (H1) of the transversal section of the second plate (3) and the height (H2) of the transversal section of the third plate (5) are comprised in a range between 50% and 75% of the height (H3) of the transversal section of the reinforced concrete element (1). Further, in this case, the ratio between the thickness of the first plate (2) and the thickness of the second plate (3) is preferably comprised in a range of between 1.5 and 2.5 and the ratio between the thickness of the first plate (2) and the thickness of the third plate (5) is comprised in a range of between 1.5 and 2.5.
This dimensioning of the first plate (2), of the second plate (3) and of the third plate (5) advantageously enable optimising the reinforced concrete element (1). In particular, in a case of a reinforced concrete beam (10) or a reinforced concrete floor these parameters are optimal in contemporaneously optimising the resistance, the flexion, the resistance to shear cutting forces, the effectiveness of the reinforcement (100), and the self-bearing capacity thereof.
With reference to figures 1 and 4, the reinforcement (100) comprises: a fourth plate (6) which extends from a first longitudinal flank (2c) of the first plate (2) and which has a longitudinal extension; a fifth plate (7) which extends from the second longitudinal flank (2d) of the first plate (2) and which has a longitudinal extension. Further, the block of concrete (4) incorporates at least a part of the fourth plate (6) and at least a part of the fifth plate (7).
The fourth plate (6) and the fifth plate (7) advantageously increase the inertia of the reinforced concrete element (1) and this increases the resistance thereof to flexion.
In particular, the fourth plate (6) has a transversal section which is L-shaped and comprises a first portion (6a) which extends from the first longitudinal flank (2c) of the plate (2) perpendicularly to the first plate (2) and a second portion (6b) which extends from the first portion (6a) of the fourth plate (6) towards the second longitudinal flank (2d) of the first plate (2). In this case, the block of concrete (4) incorporates the second portion (6b) of the fourth plate (6). Further, in this case, the fifth plate (7) can have a transversal section which is L-shaped and can comprise a first portion (7a) which extends from the second longitudinal flank (2d) of the first plate (2) perpendicularly to the first plate (2) and a second portion (7b) which extends from the first portion (7a) of the fifth plate (7) towards the first longitudinal flank (2c) of the plate (2). The block of concrete (4) incorporates the second portion (7b) of the fifth plate (7).
The first plate (2), the fourth plate (6) and the fifth plate (7) are preferably in a single body.
The reinforced concrete element (1) preferably comprises a plurality of connecting elements (8) (for example, metal straps) which connect the second plate (3) and the third plate (5) to one another.
The connecting elements (8) can be fixed to the second plate (3) and the third plate (5) at the respective second longitudinal flank (31a, 51a). Otherwise, the connecting elements (8) can be fixed to the second plate (3) and the third plate (5) at the respective third portion (3c, 5c).

Claims

A reinforced concrete element (1), wherein:
comprises a reinforcement (100) made of metal;

comprises a block of concrete (4) which at least partly incorporates the reinforcement (100);

the reinforcement (100) comprises a first plate (2) which is planar, which has a longitudinal extension along a first extension axis (X) and which comprises a first surface (2a), a second surface (2b) opposite the first surface (2a), a first longitudinal flank (2c) and a second longitudinal flank (2d) which is opposite the first longitudinal flank (2c);

the reinforcement (100) comprises a second plate (3) which has a longitudinal extension along a second extension axis (Y) and which comprises a first portion (3a) that is planar and comprises a first longitudinal flank (30a) parallel to the second extension axis (Y);

the first plate (2) and the second plate (3) are fixed to one another in such a way that: the first extension axis (X) and the second extension axis (Y) are parallel; the first longitudinal flank (30a) of the first portion (3a) of the second plate (3) contacts the first surface (2a) of the first plate (2); the second plate (3) is transversal relative to first plate (2);

the block of concrete (4) contacts the first surface (2a) of the first plate (2);

the first portion (3a) of the second plate (3) comprises a second longitudinal flank (31a) opposite the first longitudinal flank (30a);

the second plate (3) has a transversal section which is C-shaped and comprises a second portion (3b) which extends from the first longitudinal flank (30a) of the first portion (3a) and a third portion (3c) which extends from the second longitudinal flank (31a) of the first portion (3a);

the second portion (3b) of the second plate (3) contacts the first surface (2a) of the first plate (2);

the reinforcement (100) comprises a third plate (5) having a longitudinal extension along a third extension axis (Z) and comprising a first portion (5a) that is planar and comprises a first longitudinal flank (50a) parallel to the third extension axis (Z);

the first plate (2) and the third plate (5) are fixed to one another in such a way that: the first extension axis (X) and the third extension axis (Z) are parallel;

the first longitudinal flank (50a) of the first portion (5a) of the third plate (5) contacts the first surface (2a) of the first plate (2); the third plate (5) is transversal relative to the first plate (2);

the first portion (5a) of the third plate (5) comprises a second longitudinal flank (51a) opposite the first longitudinal flank (50a);

the third plate (5) has a transversal section which is C-shaped and comprises a second portion (5b) which extends from the first longitudinal flank (50a) of the first portion (5a) and a third portion (5c) which extends from the second longitudinal flank (51a) of the first portion (5a);

the second portion (5b) of the third plate (5) contacts the first surface (2a) of the first plate (2);

the first portion (3a) of the second plate (3) is facing and parallel to the first portion (5a) of the third plate (5);

the first plate (2) and the second plate (3) are fixed to one another in such a way that the second portion (3b) and the third portion (3c) of the second plate (3) extend from the first portion (3a) of the second plate (3) towards the first longitudinal flank (2c) of the first plate (2) and away from the third plate (5);

the first plate (2) and the third plate (5) are fixed to one another in such a way that the second portion (5b) and the third portion (5c) of the third plate (5) extend from the first portion (5a) of the third plate (5) towards the second longitudinal flank (2d) of the first plate (2) and away from the second plate (3);

the reinforced concrete element (1) is characterised in that the reinforcement (100) comprise:
a fourth plate (6) which extends from the first longitudinal flank (2c) of the first plate (2) and which has a longitudinal extension and which connects the first surface (2a) and the second surface (2b) to one another;

a fifth plate (7) which extends from the second longitudinal flank (2d) of the first plate (2) and which has a longitudinal extension and which connects the first surface (2a) and the second surface (2b) to one another;

and that the block of concrete (4) incorporates at least a part of the fourth plate (6) and at least a part of the fifth plate (7) and

in that the block of concrete (4) incorporates the second plate (3) and the third plate (5).
The reinforced concrete element (1) of the preceding claim, wherein:
the height (H1) of the transversal section of the second plate (3) and the height (H2) of the transversal section of the third plate (5) are comprised in a range between 50% and 75% of the height (H3) of the transversal section of the reinforced concrete element (1);

the ratio between the thickness of the first plate (2) and the thickness of the second plate (3) is comprised in a range of between 1.5 and 2.5;

the ratio between the thickness of the first plate (2) and the thickness of the third plate (5) is comprised in a range of between 1.5 and 2.5;
The reinforced concrete element (1) of any one of the preceding claim, wherein:
the fourth plate (6) has a transversal section which is C-shaped and comprises a first portion (6a) which extends from the first longitudinal flank (2c) of the plate (2) perpendicularly to the first plate (2) and a second portion (6b) which extends from the first portion (6a) of the fourth plate (6) towards the second longitudinal flank (2d) of the first plate (2);

the block of concrete (4) incorporates the second portion (6b) of the fourth plate (6);

the fifth plate (7) has a transversal section which is L-shaped and comprises a first portion (7a) which extends from the second longitudinal flank (2d) of the first plate (2) perpendicularly to the first plate (2) and a second portion (7b) which extends from the first portion (7a) of the fifth plate (7) towards the first longitudinal flank (2c) of the plate (2);

the block of concrete (4) incorporates the second portion (7b) of the fifth plate (7).
The reinforced concrete element (1) of any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of connecting elements (8) which connect the second plate (3) and the third plate (5) to one another.
A reinforced concrete beam (10), comprising a reinforced concrete element (1) of any one of the preceding claims, which reinforced concrete element (1) is arranged in such a way that the first plate (2) of the reinforcement (100) is parallel to the ground and the first surface (2a) of the first plate (2) is facing upwards.
The reinforced concrete beam (10) of the preceding claim, comprising a first surface (10a) which faces towards the ground and which comprises the second surface (2b) of the first plate (2).
A floor made of reinforced concrete, comprising a plurality of reinforced concrete beams according to claim 5 or 6, wherein each reinforced concrete beam (10) is connected to an adjacent reinforced concrete beam (10).