EP3490744A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce au moyen d'un procédé de fabrication additive et dispositif adapté à la mise en uvre du procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce au moyen d'un procédé de fabrication additive et dispositif adapté à la mise en uvre du procédé

Info

Publication number
EP3490744A1
EP3490744A1 EP17772006.7A EP17772006A EP3490744A1 EP 3490744 A1 EP3490744 A1 EP 3490744A1 EP 17772006 A EP17772006 A EP 17772006A EP 3490744 A1 EP3490744 A1 EP 3490744A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brush
powder bed
slide
level
obstacle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17772006.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ömer AYDIN
Heinz Pilz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3490744A1 publication Critical patent/EP3490744A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/214—Doctor blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a workpiece by an additive manufacturing method.
  • a powder bed is produced layer by layer, whereby the layer being produced in each case is smoothed with a slider, which is moved with an edge at a desired level of the position being generated.
  • the edge of the slider is that in the powder bed protrudes an obstacle from the target level is raised to a level above avoidance of the obstacle and again lowered to the desired level after passing the obstacle ⁇ ses in the case.
  • a workpiece is built up by local solidification of the powder layer by layer, for example, by using a laser beam after the position of the position by means of the slider to melt the powder.
  • other additive manufacturing processes such.
  • the invention relates to a system for producing a workpiece by an additive manufacturing method, comprising a receptacle for a powder bed.
  • a slider is provided for this Pul ⁇ verbett, the comparable with an edge at a target level of the to be produced in the powder bed layers can be pushed.
  • an alternative mechanism is vorgese ⁇ hen, the yielding of the edge to be above the obstacle avoidance level he laubt in the presence of obstacles ⁇ .
  • a slider is described which is used for smoothing a powder bed for a powder-bed-based additive manufacturing process. driving can be used.
  • Powder bed-based additive manufacturing processes in the context of this application are to be understood as processes in which the material from which a workpiece is to be produced is added to the workpiece during formation. In this case, the workpiece is already in its final form or at least approximately in this shape.
  • the construction ⁇ material is in powder form, said material for the production of the workpiece with introduction of energy is physically strengthened by the additive Ferti ⁇ transmission method.
  • the component descriptive data are prepared for the selected ad ⁇ ditive manufacturing process.
  • the data is converted to create instructions for the production plant in data adapted to the manufacturing process data of the component, so that in the manufacturing plant, the appropriate process ⁇ steps for successive production of the component can run.
  • the data is processed in such a way that the geo ⁇ metric data for each layer to be produced (slices) of the component are available, which is also referred to as slicing.
  • additive manufacturing examples include selective laser sintering (also known as SLS for selective laser sintering), selective laser melting (also SLM for Slective Laser
  • the components are produced in layers in a powder bed. These processes are therefore referred to as powder-bed-based additive manufacturing processes.
  • a layer of the powder is produced in the powder bed, which is then locally melted or sintered by the energy source (laser or electron beam) in those areas in which the component is to be formed.
  • the energy source laser or electron beam
  • the slide does not become fully effective, so that there remains powder material which would have had to be smoothed by the slide itself. This causes more and more material to be accumulated in the region of the defects, which further increases the defect, which in the worst case leads to the termination of the process and rejection of the component being manufactured.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method of the type specified or a plant of the type specified in such a way that it is possible to effectively and reliably smooth a powder bed for the additive manufacturing of a workpiece even in the presence of obstacles.
  • Target level (for example, due to an obstacle) takes place auto ⁇ matically. Since the slider is used in front of the brush, this takes over the main part of the task of Glät ⁇ tion of the powder bed. This is advantageous because the slider can produce a particularly smooth surface of the powder bed. In addition, it is advantageously easier, with the aid of a slider, to remove larger quantities of excess powder from the surface of the powder bed by pushing this excess amount of powder in front of the slider. The brush only has to remove small powder residues in the area of the obstacles, which advantageously prevents the bristles from filling up with excess powder.
  • the brush is guided horizontally over this obstacle.
  • the brush can be lowered only in the area of the obstacles on the powder bed and otherwise remain spaced from the powder bed. This has the advantage that even areas of the powder bed which have been smoothed by the slide can not be smoothed again, as this could lead to a deterioration of the powder bed surface.
  • the brush is guided in such a height that the bristle ends of the brush are at a post-treatment level, which is located above the desired ⁇ level.
  • the aftertreatment level should therefore deliberately have a certain, as small as possible selected distance from the surface of the powder bed, so that the bristle ends do not touch the powder bed outside of obstacles. It is still there where obstacles stick out of the powder bed it is possible for the bristle ends to pass along the surface of the obstacle and to remove powder residues there, so that on the whole the quality of the surface of the powder bed is improved.
  • a difference in height h between the desired level and post-treatment level of at least 1% and at most 50%, preferably 10% of the thickness of the layer La is ⁇ ge.
  • a sufficient safety on the one hand ensures uniform distance so that the bristles in areas where the quality of the surface of the powder bed is already known from ⁇ reaching, without contact can be ge ⁇ leads across the powder bed time.
  • the height difference is sufficiently small that excess powder material can be almost completely removed in areas of obstacles and an improvement in the surface of the powder bed can be achieved.
  • the brush is guided in the same direction to the slider.
  • ⁇ front part by way of results in a slight control effort since the brush detected auto matically ⁇ powder residues that are above the level of the surface of the powder bed.
  • the tracking of the brush can be done with a constant distance from the slide, slide and brush can be mechanically coupled to each other and can be moved by the same actuator.
  • a narrower brush is moved at a right angle to the slide and is driven directly to existing obstacles.
  • the obstacles are detected by sensors.
  • This is possible, for example, by means of an automatic opti ⁇ cal inspection system (AOI).
  • AOI automatic opti ⁇ cal inspection system
  • the slider can, as already mentioned, be designed to be elastic, so that a deflection of the edge of the slide takes place automatically.
  • the slide is raised with an actuator to the escape level. This can be done either with the entire slide or with segments of the slider.
  • the actuator may be formed separately for locally lifting segments of the slider.
  • the object is achieved erfin ⁇ according to the fact that in addition to the slider, a brush is provided, which is ver ⁇ pushed with their bristle ends at a desired level of layers of the powder bed to be generated.
  • a Verschiebemechanis ⁇ mechanism is provided, which makes it possible to move the brush according to the slider in the powder bed surface.
  • the bristle ends are horizontally displaceable at an aftertreatment level which is above the desired level.
  • the brush and the slider can be moved in a same feed direction and the brush is arranged in the feed direction following the slider.
  • the brush automatically smoothes the powder bed as much as possible in the area of the obstacles in the presence of obstacles.
  • the feed direction is dictated by the fact that the brush must always follow the slider.
  • the slider can be pushed in opposite directions over the powder bed, according to another embodiment of the invention can be provided that on both sides of the slider per a brush is arranged.
  • the brush is then used in each case, which is arranged below in the current direction of displacement.
  • the brush that is currently not being used in each case can advantageously be cleaned during the time.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of various components
  • Figures 6 and 7 embodiments of brush-slide combinations, as they can be used in a system according to Figure 5.
  • FIG. 1 shows a workpiece 11 which is produced in a powder bed 12.
  • a slider 13 is shown, which can be performed in different positions on the powder bed to smooth a surface to be manufactured ⁇ surface at a desired level 14.
  • the slider 13 is guided with an edge 15 on the powder bed while a powder amount, not shown, distributed on the powder ⁇ bed and smoothed (see also Figures 2 to 4).
  • the workpiece 11 is in the powder bed 12 position by layer 16 Herge ⁇ provides.
  • FIG. 1 only the last produced layer 16 is indicated by a dash-dotted line. This befin ⁇ det both in the workpiece 11, where the sheet was solidified 16, for example by means of a laser beam, -) - 12 as well as in the powder bed, this layer 16 forms the instantaneous
  • the flaws may consist of a splash 17, a dome 18, a sink 19 and a workpiece edge 20.
  • a splash may occur when molten or fused particles of the powder bed are fluidized during the process and subsequently land on the surface of the powder bed or workpiece and stick there.
  • Crests, depressions and edges can arise when an in-situ layer 21 in the powder bed is not formed uniformly thick and too much or too little material is available for melting available.
  • the edge 15 of the slider 13 then has to deviate to an evasion level 22 in order to be guided over the corresponding obstacle without collision.
  • the slide 13 is guided in a feed direction 24 with its edge 15 over the powder bed, the surface of the currently produced coating being guided over the powder bed.
  • ge 21 is smoothed at the desired level 14.
  • An excess amount of powder 25 is pushed by the slide 13 in front of him.
  • the brush 23 is nachge ⁇ leads at a certain distance, with bristle ends 26 of the brush 23 can be located exactly at the desired level 14 or a post-treatment level 27.
  • the post-treatment level 27 has a height h ⁇ difference to the set level 14, so that the bristle ends 26 12 not touch the surface of the powder bed, and thus can not influence the surface quality of the powder bed.
  • the slider 13 consists of individual segments 28 which are arranged independently of each other about a pivot axis 29, wherein the axis of rotation 29 is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. It can be seen that one of the segments 28 is lifted from the splash 17 to the escape level 22 by the relevant segment 28 is pivoted ge ⁇ .
  • the segment 28, which is located in the direction of the observer behind the evasive segment 28 is shown in dashed lines. By pivoting the one segment 28 can be seen in the feed direction 24 behind the slide between adjacent segments powder. Also, the evading segment 28 can not completely remove the powder before the spatter 17, which is indicated by a powder residue 30.
  • FIG. 5 shows a system for selective laser melting.
  • This has a process chamber 31, in which a receptacle 32 is provided for the powder bed 12.
  • a construction platform 33 for the workpiece 11 can be moved axially.
  • layer-wise lowering of the construction platform can be generated by means of the slider 13 and the brush 23 in the manner described not shown layers of the powder bed.
  • the slider 13 and the brush 23 on a holding device 34 are horizontally displaceable.
  • the holding device 34 itself is also vertically movable via a bearing 99 in the process chamber.
  • the slider 13 first moves over a powder reservoir 35, where the amount of powder 25 is provided by a metering piston 36. This moves the slider 13 via the powder ⁇ verbett to produce the not shown, currently to be melted position. Excess powder of Pul ⁇ confuses 25 moves the slider 13 in a Sammelbetude ⁇ ter 37th
  • a laser 38 is activated. Shown is a beam path 39 of the laser, which leads via a deflection mirror 40 through a process window 41 to the surface of the powder bed 12. By the process window, the surface of Pul ⁇ verbetts 12 can be monitored by a camera 42nd The monitoring result can be used in a manner not shown to control an actuator 43 (see Figure 6) to actively lift the slider 13 over an obstacle.
  • FIG. 6 shows an arrangement in which the slide 13 is mounted so as to be horizontally displaceable on the holding device 34 by means of the actuator 43 in the direction of the double arrow.
  • the slider 13 can be raised to a level from ⁇ soft 22 (see FIG. 1) active.
  • a respective brush 23 a, 23 b mounted on the Hal ⁇ tevorraum 34.
  • the brushes 23a, 23b are also verisch displaced with actuators 43a, 43b (indicated double arrow) stored.
  • FIG. 6 shows a positioning of the brushes 23a, 23b for the displacement direction 24a.
  • the brush 23a is set to the post-treatment level 27, so that in the presence of obstacles powder residues are automatically removed by means of the bristle ends of the brush 23a.
  • the brush 23b is raised to a passive level 44, where the bristle ends are sufficiently far away from the surface of the powder bed at the desired level 14 so that no contact takes place ⁇ (even in the presence of obstacles).
  • the brush 43b is set to the post-treatment level 27, while the brush 23a has to be raised to the passive level.
  • the slider 13 can be moved in the feed direction 24b, wherein a post-processing of the surface of the powder bed is ensured by the brush 23b.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce au moyen d'un procédé de fabrication additive sur lit de poudre. La pièce (11) est fabriquée dans le lit de poudre (12) du fait que le lit de poudre est lissé à un niveau théorique (14) au moyen d'un coulisseau (13). Lorsque des obstacles (17) (par exemple des projections) empêchent le lissage du lit de poudre par le coulisseau, celui-ci dévie dans une position de déviation, les résidus de poudre (30) étant retirés selon l'invention par une brosse à guidage précis (23). Les soies s'adaptent avec une précision avantageuse au contour de l'obstacle (17), ce qui a pour effet qu'on parvient à retirer les résidus de poudre. L'invention concerne également une installation pour la fabrication additive de pièces, pour laquelle un coulisseau et une brosse sont utilisés simultanément pour lisser le lit de poudre.
EP17772006.7A 2016-09-22 2017-09-13 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce au moyen d'un procédé de fabrication additive et dispositif adapté à la mise en uvre du procédé Withdrawn EP3490744A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016218249.8A DE102016218249A1 (de) 2016-09-22 2016-09-22 Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Werkstücks durch ein additives Herstellungsverfahren und Vorrichtung, die zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignet ist
PCT/EP2017/072955 WO2018054727A1 (fr) 2016-09-22 2017-09-13 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce au moyen d'un procédé de fabrication additive et dispositif adapté à la mise en œuvre du procédé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3490744A1 true EP3490744A1 (fr) 2019-06-05

Family

ID=59955540

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17772006.7A Withdrawn EP3490744A1 (fr) 2016-09-22 2017-09-13 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce au moyen d'un procédé de fabrication additive et dispositif adapté à la mise en uvre du procédé

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20190366433A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3490744A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109789485A (fr)
DE (1) DE102016218249A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018054727A1 (fr)

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FR3058657A1 (fr) 2016-11-14 2018-05-18 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Installation de fabrication additive a base de poudre a dispositif de nettoyage par soufflage
EP3517298B1 (fr) * 2018-01-26 2022-12-07 CL Schutzrechtsverwaltungs GmbH Dispositif d'application de matériau de construction
US10814552B2 (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-10-27 The Boeing Company Powder dispensing unit, powder spreading unit, and a vibratory compaction system of an additive manufacturing system and methods therefor
US10894360B2 (en) * 2018-09-28 2021-01-19 The Boeing Company Powder dispensing unit, powder spreading unit, and a vibratory compaction system of an additive manufacturing system and methods therefor
US10828832B2 (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-11-10 The Boeing Company Powder dispensing unit, powder spreading unit, and a vibratory compaction system of an additive manufacturing system and methods therefor
US10814555B2 (en) * 2018-09-28 2020-10-27 The Boeing Company Powder dispensing unit, powder spreading unit, and a vibratory compaction system of an additive manufacturing system and methods therefor
EP3636416B1 (fr) * 2018-10-10 2024-09-18 Concept Laser GmbH Appareil avec une lame de recouvrement adaptable pour une imprimante 3d
US11192302B2 (en) * 2018-10-31 2021-12-07 Carbon, Inc. Apparatuses for additively manufacturing three-dimensional objects
CN114025900B (zh) * 2019-05-28 2024-04-23 伏尔肯模型公司 用于增材制造的重涂器系统
WO2020256825A1 (fr) * 2019-06-18 2020-12-24 Carbon, Inc. Procédé et appareil de fabrication additive pour la production de couronnes dentaires et d'autres objets
EP4151342B1 (fr) * 2021-09-16 2024-06-26 United Grinding Group Management AG Système de fabrication additive d'une pièce

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DE10236907A1 (de) 2002-08-12 2004-02-26 Fockele, Matthias, Dr. Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus pulverförmigem, insbesondere metallischem oder keramischem Werkstoff
JP4273785B2 (ja) * 2002-08-27 2009-06-03 パナソニック電工株式会社 三次元形状造形物の製造装置
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EP1695778B1 (fr) 2003-12-11 2013-07-10 Keijirou Yamamoto Procede et dispositif de moulage de lamines
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109789485A (zh) 2019-05-21
US20190366433A1 (en) 2019-12-05
WO2018054727A1 (fr) 2018-03-29
DE102016218249A1 (de) 2018-03-22

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