EP3489979B1 - Low-voltage multi-pole electrical breaker - Google Patents

Low-voltage multi-pole electrical breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3489979B1
EP3489979B1 EP18208111.7A EP18208111A EP3489979B1 EP 3489979 B1 EP3489979 B1 EP 3489979B1 EP 18208111 A EP18208111 A EP 18208111A EP 3489979 B1 EP3489979 B1 EP 3489979B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
cover
main body
pole
arc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18208111.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3489979A1 (en
Inventor
Marc Rival
Cyril DOMENECH
Daniel Rota
Claude Todeschini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3489979A1 publication Critical patent/EP3489979A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3489979B1 publication Critical patent/EP3489979B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/342—Venting arrangements for arc chutes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/72—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber
    • H01H33/74—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber wherein the break is in gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/346—Details concerning the arc formation chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H2009/348—Provisions for recirculation of arcing gasses to improve the arc extinguishing, e.g. move the arc quicker into the arcing chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2213/00—Venting
    • H01H2213/002—Venting with external pressure
    • H01H2213/004—Scavenger; Filter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/022—Details particular to three-phase circuit breakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/08—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a low-voltage multipole circuit breaker.
  • Low voltage multipolar circuit breakers comprising a molded case divided into interior compartments each associated with a pole of the circuit breaker and each containing separable electrical contacts, the movement of which is controlled by an actuation mechanism common to all the poles and controlled by a trigger.
  • circuit breaker An example of such a circuit breaker is described in FR-2780549-A1 . Another example is described in EP-A-0437151 .
  • circuit breakers are more particularly intended to be used to interrupt high currents, generally between 630 A and 6300 A.
  • the current is cut in the air, by separation of the electrical contacts, with the help of a arc breaking chamber associated with each pole.
  • cut-off gases hot and ionized gases, called cut-off gases, are generated when the current is cut off.
  • cut-off gases hot and ionized gases, called cut-off gases.
  • These cleavage gases have a high temperature, typically above 2000 ° C., as well as a high pressure. They must be removed from the circuit breaker after having been cleaned up and cooled beforehand.
  • circuit breakers include cut-off gas filtering devices.
  • circuit breakers are however not entirely satisfactory in certain contemporary uses, in particular when these circuit breakers are intended to operate at higher electrical voltages, for example for low voltages greater than or equal to 500 V AC and which can range up to 690 V AC for each phase.
  • circuit breakers then present a greater risk of being damaged following an excessive overpressure of the breaking gas inside the circuit breaker housing.
  • the invention more particularly intends to remedy by proposing a low-voltage multipole circuit breaker in which the discharge of the breaking gases is optimized without degrading the performance of the circuit breaker.
  • the additional orifices and the peripheral opening make it possible to provide an escape from the breaking gases in the event of significant overpressure, so as to avoid destruction of the circuit breaker, while limiting the amount of breaking gas which does not pass not by the filtration device.
  • the evacuation and treatment of the breaking gases is therefore optimized, without degrading the performance of the circuit breaker.
  • the figures 1 to 4 represent a low-voltage multipole circuit breaker 2 comprising a molded case including a main body 4 and a removable cover 6 attached to the main body 4.
  • the cover 6 When the cover 6 is mounted on the main body 4, it covers a main face 22 of the main body 4.
  • the main face 22 is a front face of the main body 4.
  • the cover 6 is fixed to the main body 4, leaving a peripheral opening between the cover 6 and the main body 4. This peripheral opening extends around the periphery of the cover 6.
  • the cover 6 defines, with the face 22, an interior volume.
  • the peripheral opening places this interior volume in communication with the exterior of the case of circuit breaker 2.
  • the reference “P2” designates a geometric plane at which the junction between the cover 6 and the main body 4 is made.
  • the peripheral opening has a spacing, denoted E2, of between 0.3mm and 1mm and, more preferably, of between 0.5mm and 0.7mm and, more preferably, equal to 0.6mm.
  • This spacing E2 is here measured in a direction perpendicular to the main face 22.
  • main body 4 is made of thermoset polyester and cover 6 is made of polycarbonate.
  • the circuit breaker 2 also includes a switching mechanism.
  • the circuit breaker 2 also includes a trip device 8 and a manual control lever 10, capable of controlling the switching mechanism.
  • the trip device 8 and the control lever 10 are arranged at the front of the circuit breaker 2 so as to be accessible by a user of the circuit breaker 2.
  • the circuit breaker 2 has several electrical poles, here each associated with an electrical phase of an electrical installation to which the circuit breaker 2 is connected.
  • the circuit breaker 2 is a three-pole circuit breaker intended to operate with a three-phase electrical installation.
  • the circuit breaker 2 has for this purpose three electrical poles, each associated with one of the three electrical phases.
  • the circuit breaker 2 is a four-pole circuit breaker, intended to operate with a three-phase electrical installation provided with a neutral line.
  • the circuit breaker 2 then has four poles, respectively associated with the electrical phases and the neutral line.
  • low voltage it is meant that the circuit breaker 2 is capable of operating at electrical voltages up to 690 V AC for each pole.
  • Circuit breaker 2 is capable of interrupting nominal currents of intensity between 630 A and 6300 A.
  • the main body 4 of the circuit breaker box 2 is divided into interior compartments, each associated with a pole of the circuit breaker 2. These compartments are also called “pole compartments” in the following.
  • the reference signs 12, 14 and 16 are used indifferently to designate the electrical poles of the circuit breaker 2 or else the corresponding interior compartments.
  • the compartments 12, 14 and 16 are aligned laterally side by side along a transverse axis of the main body 4.
  • the compartment 14 is in the central position of this alignment.
  • the compartments 12 and 16 are placed in a lateral position on either side of the central compartment 14.
  • the compartments 12, 14 and 16 are separated in pairs by internal partitions.
  • the main face 22 of the main body 4 also comprises an additional orifice 18, 20 for at least two of the poles.
  • the role of these additional orifices 18, 20 is described in more detail in the following.
  • each additional orifice 18, 20 has an oblong shape.
  • the area of each additional hole 18, 20 is between 0.5cm 2 and 2cm 2 and preferably equal to 1 cm 2.
  • the circuit breaker 2 comprises a first additional orifice 18, associated with the compartment 12 and a second additional orifice 20, associated with the compartment 16.
  • the central compartment 14 has no additional orifice.
  • the circuit breaker 2 comprises, for each pole, electrical connection terminals 30, 32 and separable electrical contacts, such as a fixed electrical contact 34 associated with a movable electrical contact 36, each connected to a terminal 30, 32.
  • the contacts 34 and 36 are provided with electrical contact pads 38.
  • the control mechanism is common to all the poles and is adapted to open or close the electrical circuit formed by these contacts 34 and 36, in particular by virtue of a rotary shaft 39 configured to set the movable contact 36 in motion. prevent or, alternately, authorize the circulation of an electric current between terminals 30 and 32 for each pole.
  • the shaft 39 is common to the poles of the circuit breaker 2 and extends in the main body 4 in a transverse direction of the circuit breaker 2.
  • the internal partitions separating the compartments 12, 14 and 16 are provided with openings allowing passage of the shaft 39. However, these openings do not allow fluid communication between neighboring compartments.
  • the circuit breaker 2 further comprises, for each pole, a breaking chamber 40.
  • the breaking chamber 40 comprises a stack 42 of separation plates arc, a spark arrester 44, a lower arc horn 46 and a cut-off gas outlet orifice, said main orifice, provided with a filtration device 48.
  • the main orifice opens out from the main body 4 and therefore outside the circuit breaker 2.
  • the geometric axis X40 designates a direction of alignment of the plates of the stack 42.
  • the spark arrester 44 overcomes the stack 42, by being aligned with this stack along the axis X40.
  • the spark arrester 44 has the shape of a curved solid plate, here bent at a right angle so that its cross section has an L shape.
  • the additional orifice 18 is formed in the main face 22 directly above the spark arrester 44. In other words, the spark arrester 44 is interposed between the additional orifice 18 and the stack 42.
  • the orifice additional 18 is here aligned with the spark arrester 44 along the axis X40.
  • the reference X48 designates a geometrical axis passing through the main orifice for exit from the breaking gas.
  • the X48 axis is perpendicular to the X40 axis.
  • the interrupting chamber 40 is arranged in such a way that most of the interrupting gas is evacuated from the compartment 12 by passing through the filtering device 48.
  • the flow of interrupting gas is therefore essentially oriented along the axis X48 when it is evacuated from compartment 12.
  • the other poles of circuit breaker 2 have a similar design.
  • the pole 16 is similar to the pole 12, except that the additional orifice of the pole 16 bears the reference 20.
  • the pole 14, located between the poles 12 and 16, is similar to the pole 12, put apart from the fact that it does not have an additional opening 18 or 20.
  • the arrangement of the additional orifices 18 and 20 makes it possible to limit the amount of cut-off gas which is released during such decompression. In fact, it is undesirable to reject too much unpolluted and uncooled cut-off gas outside the circuit breaker 2, as this could have harmful consequences for the safety of property and people.
  • the cover 6 In normal operation of the circuit breaker 2, the cover 6 is mounted on the main body 4. In fact, the breaking gas leaving through the additional orifices 18 and 20 must travel inside the cover 6, in the interior volume, before to be able to leave the circuit breaker 2. This arrangement attenuates the pressure wave formed during the ejection of the breaking gases, and limits the loss of tightness of the circuit breaker 2 caused by the presence of the additional orifices 18 and 20, in particular the waterproof and dustproof.
  • the previously defined values of the spacing E2 make it possible to ensure satisfactory evacuation of the overpressure, without however degrading the sealing properties of the circuit breaker, in particular the sealing against water and dust.
  • the invention makes it possible to limit the risk of damage to the circuit breaker 2 following an overpressure, without degrading the performance of the circuit breaker 2.
  • the interrupting chamber 40 further comprises vertical deflectors 50 made of a material comprising synthetic fibers, for example of the aramid type.
  • the deflectors 50 are made of the material known under the trade name Nomex® and sold by the company DU PONT DE NEMOURS.
  • the deflectors 50 are installed vertically on either side of the entrance to the interrupting chamber 40, extending parallel to the axis X40.
  • the deflectors 50 have the shape of an elongated strip and are fixed to the side walls of the breaking chamber 40.
  • the deflectors 50 are two in number here.
  • the deflectors 50 channel the electric arc in the interrupting chamber 40 and minimize the return of interrupting gas laterally on the periphery of the interrupting chamber.
  • the deflectors 50 therefore help to further optimize the evacuation and treatment of the breaker gases from circuit breaker 2.
  • the figure 5 represents an embodiment of the cover 6.
  • This cover 6 has a main part 60, here in the form of a hollow block, the base of which is a regular quadrilateral.
  • the main part 60 has a front wall which forms a front face of the circuit breaker 2 when the cover 6 is mounted on the main body 4.
  • the front wall has through windows 62 and 64 allowing respectively the passage of the trigger 8 and the control lever 10.
  • the main part 60 thus delimits a cavity which opens to the outside of the cover 6 on the rear of the cover.
  • the shape and dimensions of the main part 60 are chosen as a function of the shape of the main body 4.
  • the cover 6 further comprises fixing elements 66 intended to allow the fixing of the cover 6 to the main body 4, preferably a fixing without degree of freedom.
  • the main body 4 also includes elements complementary to the fixing elements 66, for example in the form of recesses or recesses adapted to receive the fixing elements.
  • the fastening elements 66 are, for example, each provided with a hole 68 to receive a screw whose screwing is done here in the main body 4
  • the cover 6 further comprises a flange 72 formed at the base of the main part 60.
  • This flange 72 has a flat shape and extends around the entire periphery of the base of the main part 60.
  • the flange 72 is provided with support elements 70, or spacers, which are dimensioned to maintain the spacing E2 of the peripheral opening when the cover 6 is mounted on the main body 4. These support elements 70 are thus intended to come into contact with a corresponding surface of the main body 4 when the cover 6 is mounted on the main body 4.
  • the support elements 70 are here lugs formed integrally with the rest of the cover 6.
  • the fixing elements 66 are here formed projecting from the flange 72. They also come to bear on the central body 4 when the cover 6 is fixed, and therefore form support elements which act jointly with the support elements 70 .
  • the figure 6 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the filtering device 48.
  • the filtering device 48 comprises a gas diffuser 80, a metal filter 82 and an insulating screen 84 interposed between the gas diffuser 80 and the filter 82.
  • the diffuser 80, the filter 82 and the screen 84 are here aligned along of the X48 axis.
  • the diffuser 80, the filter 82 and the screen 84 are shown here separated from each other. However, in practice, when the filtering device 48 is in an assembled configuration, the diffuser 80, the filter 82 and the screen 84 are in contact in pairs.
  • the gas diffuser 80 forms an inlet of the filtering device 48 and has the role of spatially distributing the flow of breaking gas, so that at the outlet of the diffuser 80, the breaking gas is distributed homogeneously over the entire surface of the filter 82.
  • An example of the gas diffuser 80 is described in EP-1251530-A1 .
  • the role of the filter 82 is to cool and decontaminate the cut-off gas. It includes a stack of metallic fabrics of the “reps” type. An example of the filter 82 is described in the patent EP-0817223-B1 .
  • the screen 84 comprises a layer of electrically insulating material made of synthetic fibers, for example of the aramid type.
  • the screen 84 is made of the material under the Nomex® brand and marketed by the company DU PONT DE NEMOURS.
  • the screen 84 advantageously has a central recess 86.
  • This central recess 86 extends to an upper part 88 and to a lower part 90 of the screen 84.
  • the upper part 88 and the lower part 90 are provided with through holes 92 allowing the passage of the cutting gas.
  • the holes 92 are for example formed by cutting.
  • the central recess 86 is omitted and is replaced by through holes similar to the holes 92.
  • the upper 88 and lower 90 portions thus pierced with holes 92 allow the passage of the cutting gas by providing reinforced electrical insulation. The risk of the current being looped back into the ionized cut-off gas at the metal filter 82 is thus reduced.
  • the central recess 86 makes it possible to avoid excessively restricting the flow of the cutting gas.
  • the absence of holes 92 in the central part of the screen 84 is not detrimental, since it is mainly at the level of the lower parts 88 and upper 90 that the risk of looping of the current is greatest.
  • the efficiency of the filtering device 48 is improved, without increasing the level of ionization outside the circuit breaker 2, in particular with respect to live electrical conductors located in the immediate environment of the circuit breaker 2 while it is in operation.
  • the filtering device 48 contributes to further optimizing the evacuation and treatment of the breaking gases from the circuit breaker 2.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un disjoncteur multipolaire à basse tension.The present invention relates to a low-voltage multipole circuit breaker.

On connaît des disjoncteurs multipolaires à basse tension, comportant un boîtier moulé divisé en compartiments intérieurs chacun associé à un pôle du disjoncteur et renfermant chacun des contacts électriques séparables, dont le déplacement est commandé par un mécanisme d'actionnement commun à tous les pôles et piloté par un déclencheur.Low voltage multipolar circuit breakers are known, comprising a molded case divided into interior compartments each associated with a pole of the circuit breaker and each containing separable electrical contacts, the movement of which is controlled by an actuation mechanism common to all the poles and controlled by a trigger.

Un exemple d'un tel disjoncteur est décrit dans FR-2780549-A1 . Un autre exemple est décrit dans EP-A-0437151 .An example of such a circuit breaker is described in FR-2780549-A1 . Another example is described in EP-A-0437151 .

Ces disjoncteurs sont plus particulièrement destinés à être utilisés pour interrompre des courants de forte intensité, généralement comprise entre 630 A et 6300 A. La coupure du courant est réalisée dans l'air, par séparation des contacts électriques, avec l'aide d'une chambre de coupure d'arc électrique associée à chaque pôle.These circuit breakers are more particularly intended to be used to interrupt high currents, generally between 630 A and 6300 A. The current is cut in the air, by separation of the electrical contacts, with the help of a arc breaking chamber associated with each pole.

Un problème connu de ces disjoncteurs vient du fait que des gaz chauds et ionisés, nommés gaz de coupure, sont générés lors de la coupure du courant. Ces gaz de coupure présentent une température élevée, typiquement supérieure à 2000°C ainsi qu'une pression élevée. Ils doivent être évacués hors du disjoncteur en ayant été préalablement dépollués et refroidis.A known problem with these circuit breakers comes from the fact that hot and ionized gases, called cut-off gases, are generated when the current is cut off. These cleavage gases have a high temperature, typically above 2000 ° C., as well as a high pressure. They must be removed from the circuit breaker after having been cleaned up and cooled beforehand.

Pour y remédier, les disjoncteurs connus comportent des dispositifs de filtrage des gaz de coupure.To remedy this, known circuit breakers include cut-off gas filtering devices.

Ces disjoncteurs ne donnent cependant pas entière satisfaction dans certains usages contemporains, notamment lorsque ces disjoncteurs sont destinés à fonctionner sous des tensions électriques plus élevées, par exemple pour des basses tensions supérieures ou égales à 500 V AC et pouvant aller jusqu'à 690 V AC pour chaque phase.These circuit breakers are however not entirely satisfactory in certain contemporary uses, in particular when these circuit breakers are intended to operate at higher electrical voltages, for example for low voltages greater than or equal to 500 V AC and which can range up to 690 V AC for each phase.

En particulier, ces disjoncteurs présentent alors un risque plus important d'être endommagés suite à une surpression excessive de gaz de coupure à l'intérieur du boîtier du disjoncteur.In particular, these circuit breakers then present a greater risk of being damaged following an excessive overpressure of the breaking gas inside the circuit breaker housing.

C'est à ces inconvénients qu'entend plus particulièrement remédier l'invention en proposant un disjoncteur multipolaire à basse tension dans lequel l'évacuation des gaz de coupure est optimisée sans dégrader les performances du disjoncteur.It is to these drawbacks that the invention more particularly intends to remedy by proposing a low-voltage multipole circuit breaker in which the discharge of the breaking gases is optimized without degrading the performance of the circuit breaker.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un disjoncteur multipolaire à basse tension, comportant un boîtier moulé incluant un corps principal et un capot, le capot étant monté sur le corps principal et recouvrant une face principale du corps principal, le corps principal étant divisé en compartiments intérieurs chacun associé à un pôle du disjoncteur ;
le disjoncteur comportant en outre, pour chaque pôle, à l'intérieur du compartiment correspondant :

  • des contacts électriques séparables par un mécanisme de commutation du disjoncteur ;
  • une chambre de coupure comprenant : un empilement de plaques de séparation d'arc, un pare-étincelle qui surmonte l'empilement, et un orifice de sortie de gaz de coupure, muni d'un dispositif de filtration ;
le disjoncteur étant caractérisé en ce que, pour au moins deux des pôles, la face principale du corps principal comporte un orifice additionnel, chaque orifice additionnel étant placé à l'aplomb du pare étincelle du pôle correspondant et mettant en communication la chambre de coupure de ce pôle avec le volume intérieur délimité par le capot et la face principale,
et en ce que le capot est fixé sur le corps principal en laissant une ouverture périphérique entre le capot et le corps principal sur le pourtour du capot, cette ouverture mettant en communication le volume intérieur avec l'extérieur du boîtier.To this end, the invention relates to a low-voltage multipole circuit breaker, comprising a molded housing including a main body and a cover, the cover being mounted on the main body and covering a main face of the main body, the main body being divided into interior compartments each associated with a circuit breaker pole;
the circuit breaker further comprising, for each pole, inside the corresponding compartment:
  • electrical contacts separable by a circuit breaker switching mechanism;
  • a cut-off chamber comprising: a stack of arc separation plates, a spark arrester which overcomes the stack, and a cut-off gas outlet orifice, provided with a filtration device;
the circuit breaker being characterized in that, for at least two of the poles, the main face of the main body has an additional orifice, each additional orifice being placed directly above the spark arrester of the corresponding pole and bringing the cut-off chamber into communication this pole with the interior volume delimited by the cover and the main face,
and in that the cover is fixed to the main body leaving a peripheral opening between the cover and the main body around the periphery of the cover, this opening bringing the interior volume into communication with the outside of the housing.

Grâce à l'invention, les orifices additionnels et l'ouverture périphérique permettent de fournir un échappatoire aux gaz de coupure en cas de surpression importante, de manière à éviter une destruction du disjoncteur, tout en limitant la quantité de gaz de coupure qui ne passe pas par le dispositif de filtration. L'évacuation et le traitement des gaz de coupure sont donc optimisés, sans dégrader les performances du disjoncteur.Thanks to the invention, the additional orifices and the peripheral opening make it possible to provide an escape from the breaking gases in the event of significant overpressure, so as to avoid destruction of the circuit breaker, while limiting the amount of breaking gas which does not pass not by the filtration device. The evacuation and treatment of the breaking gases is therefore optimized, without degrading the performance of the circuit breaker.

Selon des aspects avantageux mais non obligatoires de l'invention, un tel disjoncteur peut incorporer une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises isolément ou suivant toute combinaison techniquement admissible :

  • l'ouverture périphérique présente un écartement compris entre 0,3mm et 1mm.
  • le dispositif de filtrage comporte un diffuseur de gaz, un filtre métallique et un écran isolant en fibres synthétiques, intercalé entre le diffuseur de gaz et le filtre, l'écran étant pourvu de trous traversants ménagés dans une partie supérieure et dans une partie inférieure de l'écran.
  • l'écran comporte en outre un évidement central.
  • la chambre de coupure comporte des déflecteurs en matériau isolant comportant des fibres synthétiques, installés verticalement de part et d'autre de l'entrée de la chambre de coupure.
  • chaque orifice additionnel présente une forme oblongue.
  • le capot comporte une bride pourvue d'éléments d'appui dimensionnés pour maintenir l'écartement de l'ouverture périphérique constant sur la périphérie du capot lorsque le capot est monté sur le corps principal du boîtier.
  • le corps principal est en polyester thermodurci et le capot est en polycarbonate.
  • les compartiments intérieurs associés aux pôles sont alignés côte à côte au sein du corps principal, les deux compartiments adjacents au pôle situé au centre de l'alignement étant chacun pourvus d'un desdits orifices additionnels, le ou les autres compartiments situés entre les deux compartiments latéraux étant dépourvus d'orifice additionnel.
  • le disjoncteur est un disjoncteur tripolaire, le compartiment situé au centre de l'alignement étant dépourvu d'orifice additionnel.
According to advantageous but not compulsory aspects of the invention, such a circuit breaker can incorporate one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or according to any technically admissible combination:
  • the peripheral opening has a spacing of between 0.3mm and 1mm.
  • the filtering device comprises a gas diffuser, a metal filter and an insulating screen made of synthetic fibers, interposed between the gas diffuser and the filter, the screen being provided with through holes formed in an upper part and in a lower part of the screen.
  • the screen also has a central recess.
  • the interrupting chamber includes deflectors made of insulating material comprising synthetic fibers, installed vertically on either side of the entrance to the interrupting chamber.
  • each additional orifice has an oblong shape.
  • the cover comprises a flange provided with support elements dimensioned to keep the spacing of the peripheral opening constant on the periphery of the cover when the cover is mounted on the main body of the housing.
  • the main body is made of thermoset polyester and the cover is made of polycarbonate.
  • the interior compartments associated with the poles are aligned side by side within the main body, the two compartments adjacent to the pole located in the center of the alignment being each provided with one of said additional orifices, the other compartment or compartments located between the two compartments side having no additional orifice.
  • the circuit breaker is a three-pole circuit breaker, the compartment located in the center of the alignment having no additional orifice.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lumière de la description qui va suivre, d'un mode de réalisation d'un disjoncteur à basse tension, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une illustration schématique, selon une vue de face, d'un exemple d'un disjoncteur à basse tension conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une illustration schématique, selon une vue de côté, du disjoncteur de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une illustration schématique, selon une vue de face, du disjoncteur de la figure 1, dans lequel un capot du disjoncteur est retiré ;
  • la figure 4 est une illustration schématique, selon une vue en coupe latérale dans le plan IV-IV de la figure 3, montrant schématiquement l'intérieur du disjoncteur pour un pôle électrique ;
  • la figure 5 est une illustration schématique de l'intérieur du capot du disjoncteur de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 6 est une illustration schématique, selon une vue éclatée, d'un dispositif de filtrage des gaz de coupure du disjoncteur de la figure 1.
The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the description which follows, of an embodiment of a low voltage circuit breaker, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic illustration, according to a front view, of an example of a low voltage circuit breaker according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a schematic illustration, from a side view, of the circuit breaker of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is a schematic illustration, in a front view, of the circuit breaker of the figure 1 , in which a circuit breaker cover is removed;
  • the figure 4 is a schematic illustration, according to a side section view in the plane IV-IV of the figure 3 , schematically showing the interior of the circuit breaker for an electrical pole;
  • the figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the inside of the circuit breaker cover of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 6 is a schematic illustration, in an exploded view, of a device for filtering the breaking gases of the circuit breaker of the figure 1 .

Les figures 1 à 4 représentent un disjoncteur 2 multipolaire à basse tension comportant un boîtier moulé incluant un corps principal 4 et un capot 6 amovible rapporté sur le corps principal 4.The figures 1 to 4 represent a low-voltage multipole circuit breaker 2 comprising a molded case including a main body 4 and a removable cover 6 attached to the main body 4.

Lorsque le capot 6 est monté sur le corps principal 4, il recouvre une face principale 22 du corps principal 4. Par exemple, la face principale 22 est une face avant du corps principal 4.When the cover 6 is mounted on the main body 4, it covers a main face 22 of the main body 4. For example, the main face 22 is a front face of the main body 4.

Comme cela ressort plus particulièrement de la figure 2, le capot 6 est fixé sur le corps principal 4 en laissant une ouverture périphérique entre le capot 6 et le corps principal 4. Cette ouverture périphérique s'étend sur le pourtour du capot 6.As is more particularly apparent from the figure 2 , the cover 6 is fixed to the main body 4, leaving a peripheral opening between the cover 6 and the main body 4. This peripheral opening extends around the periphery of the cover 6.

Le capot 6 définit, avec la face 22, un volume intérieur. L'ouverture périphérique met ce volume intérieur en communication avec l'extérieur du boîtier du disjoncteur 2.The cover 6 defines, with the face 22, an interior volume. The peripheral opening places this interior volume in communication with the exterior of the case of circuit breaker 2.

La référence « P2 » désigne un plan géométrique au niveau duquel la jonction entre le capot 6 et le corps principal 4 est réalisée.The reference “P2” designates a geometric plane at which the junction between the cover 6 and the main body 4 is made.

De préférence, l'ouverture périphérique présente un écartement, noté E2, compris entre 0,3mm et 1mm et, plus préférentiellement, compris entre 0,5mm et 0,7mm et, de préférence encore, égal à 0,6mm. Cet écartement E2 est ici mesuré selon une direction perpendiculaire à la face principale 22.Preferably, the peripheral opening has a spacing, denoted E2, of between 0.3mm and 1mm and, more preferably, of between 0.5mm and 0.7mm and, more preferably, equal to 0.6mm. This spacing E2 is here measured in a direction perpendicular to the main face 22.

Par exemple, corps principal 4 est en polyester thermodurci et le capot 6 est en polycarbonate.For example, main body 4 is made of thermoset polyester and cover 6 is made of polycarbonate.

Le disjoncteur 2 comporte également un mécanisme de commutation.The circuit breaker 2 also includes a switching mechanism.

Dans cet exemple, le disjoncteur 2 comporte aussi un déclencheur 8 et un levier de commande 10 manuelle, aptes à commander le mécanisme de commutation. Le déclencheur 8 et le levier de commande 10 sont disposés à l'avant du disjoncteur 2 de sorte à être accessibles par un utilisateur du disjoncteur 2.In this example, the circuit breaker 2 also includes a trip device 8 and a manual control lever 10, capable of controlling the switching mechanism. The trip device 8 and the control lever 10 are arranged at the front of the circuit breaker 2 so as to be accessible by a user of the circuit breaker 2.

Le disjoncteur 2 comporte plusieurs pôles électriques, ici chacun associé à une phase électrique d'une installation électrique à laquelle le disjoncteur 2 est connecté.The circuit breaker 2 has several electrical poles, here each associated with an electrical phase of an electrical installation to which the circuit breaker 2 is connected.

Selon des modes de réalisation, le disjoncteur 2 est un disjoncteur tripolaire destiné à fonctionner avec une installation électrique triphasée. Le disjoncteur 2 comporte à cet effet trois pôles électriques, chacun associé à une des trois phases électriques.According to embodiments, the circuit breaker 2 is a three-pole circuit breaker intended to operate with a three-phase electrical installation. The circuit breaker 2 has for this purpose three electrical poles, each associated with one of the three electrical phases.

Dans des modes de réalisation alternatifs non illustrés, le disjoncteur 2 est un disjoncteur tétrapolaire, destiné à fonctionner avec une installation électrique triphasée munie d'une ligne de neutre. Le disjoncteur 2 comporte alors quatre pôles, respectivement associés aux phases électriques et à la ligne de neutre.In alternative embodiments not illustrated, the circuit breaker 2 is a four-pole circuit breaker, intended to operate with a three-phase electrical installation provided with a neutral line. The circuit breaker 2 then has four poles, respectively associated with the electrical phases and the neutral line.

Par « basse tension », on entend que le disjoncteur 2 est apte à fonctionner sous des tensions électriques allant jusqu'à 690 V AC pour chaque pôle.By “low voltage”, it is meant that the circuit breaker 2 is capable of operating at electrical voltages up to 690 V AC for each pole.

Le disjoncteur 2 est apte à interrompre des courants nominaux d'intensité comprise entre 630 A et 6300 A.Circuit breaker 2 is capable of interrupting nominal currents of intensity between 630 A and 6300 A.

Le corps principal 4 du boîtier du disjoncteur 2 est divisé en compartiments intérieurs, chacun associé à un pôle du disjoncteur 2. Ces compartiments sont aussi nommés « compartiments polaires » dans ce qui suit.The main body 4 of the circuit breaker box 2 is divided into interior compartments, each associated with a pole of the circuit breaker 2. These compartments are also called “pole compartments” in the following.

Dans ce qui suit, pour simplifier la description, les signes de référence 12, 14 et 16 servent indifféremment à désigner les pôles électriques du disjoncteur 2 ou bien les compartiments intérieurs correspondants.In what follows, to simplify the description, the reference signs 12, 14 and 16 are used indifferently to designate the electrical poles of the circuit breaker 2 or else the corresponding interior compartments.

Par exemple, les compartiments 12, 14 et 16 sont alignés latéralement côte à côte selon un axe transverse du corps principal 4. Le compartiment 14 est en position centrale de cet alignement. Les compartiments 12 et 16 sont placés en position latérale de part et d'autre du compartiment central 14. Les compartiments 12, 14 et 16 sont séparés deux à deux par des cloisons internes.For example, the compartments 12, 14 and 16 are aligned laterally side by side along a transverse axis of the main body 4. The compartment 14 is in the central position of this alignment. The compartments 12 and 16 are placed in a lateral position on either side of the central compartment 14. The compartments 12, 14 and 16 are separated in pairs by internal partitions.

La face principale 22 du corps principal 4 comporte en outre un orifice additionnel 18, 20 pour au moins deux des pôles. Le rôle de ces orifices additionnels 18, 20 est décrit plus en détail dans ce qui suit.The main face 22 of the main body 4 also comprises an additional orifice 18, 20 for at least two of the poles. The role of these additional orifices 18, 20 is described in more detail in the following.

Par exemple, chaque orifice additionnel 18, 20 présente une forme oblongue.For example, each additional orifice 18, 20 has an oblong shape.

Selon des modes de mise en œuvre, la superficie de chaque orifice additionnel 18, 20 est comprise entre 0,5cm2 et 2cm2 et, de préférence, égale à 1cm2.According to implementation modes, the area of each additional hole 18, 20 is between 0.5cm 2 and 2cm 2 and preferably equal to 1 cm 2.

Selon des modes de réalisation, comme illustré sur la figure 3, le disjoncteur 2 comporte un premier orifice additionnel 18, associé au compartiment 12 et un deuxième orifice additionnel 20, associé au compartiment 16. Le compartiment central 14 est dépourvu d'orifice additionnel.According to embodiments, as illustrated in the figure 3 , the circuit breaker 2 comprises a first additional orifice 18, associated with the compartment 12 and a second additional orifice 20, associated with the compartment 16. The central compartment 14 has no additional orifice.

Comme illustré à la figure 4, le disjoncteur 2 comporte, pour chaque pôle, des terminaux de raccordement électrique 30, 32 et des contacts électriques séparables, tel qu'un contact électrique fixe 34 associé à un contact électrique mobile 36, chacun raccordé à un terminal 30, 32. Les contacts 34 et 36 sont pourvus de pastilles 38 de contact électrique.As illustrated in figure 4 , the circuit breaker 2 comprises, for each pole, electrical connection terminals 30, 32 and separable electrical contacts, such as a fixed electrical contact 34 associated with a movable electrical contact 36, each connected to a terminal 30, 32. The contacts 34 and 36 are provided with electrical contact pads 38.

Le mécanisme de commande est commun à tous les pôles et est adapté pour ouvrir ou fermer le circuit électrique formé par ces contacts 34 et 36, notamment grâce à un arbre rotatif 39 configuré pour mettre en mouvement le contact mobile 36. Cela permet respectivement d'empêcher ou, en alternance, d'autoriser la circulation d'un courant électrique entre les terminaux 30 et 32 pour chaque pôle.The control mechanism is common to all the poles and is adapted to open or close the electrical circuit formed by these contacts 34 and 36, in particular by virtue of a rotary shaft 39 configured to set the movable contact 36 in motion. prevent or, alternately, authorize the circulation of an electric current between terminals 30 and 32 for each pole.

L'arbre 39 est commun aux pôles du disjoncteur 2 et s'étend dans le corps principal 4 selon une direction transversale du disjoncteur 2. En particulier, les cloisons internes séparant les compartiments 12, 14 et 16 sont munies d'ouvertures autorisant le passage de l'arbre 39. Ces ouvertures ne permettent cependant pas une communication fluidique entre compartiments voisins.The shaft 39 is common to the poles of the circuit breaker 2 and extends in the main body 4 in a transverse direction of the circuit breaker 2. In particular, the internal partitions separating the compartments 12, 14 and 16 are provided with openings allowing passage of the shaft 39. However, these openings do not allow fluid communication between neighboring compartments.

Le disjoncteur 2 comporte en outre, pour chaque pôle, une chambre de coupure 40. La chambre de coupure 40 comporte un empilement 42 de plaques de séparation d'arc, un pare-étincelle 44, une corne d'arc inférieure 46 et un orifice de sortie de gaz de coupure, dit orifice principal, muni d'un dispositif de filtration 48. L'orifice principal débouche en dehors du corps principal 4 et donc en dehors du disjoncteur 2.The circuit breaker 2 further comprises, for each pole, a breaking chamber 40. The breaking chamber 40 comprises a stack 42 of separation plates arc, a spark arrester 44, a lower arc horn 46 and a cut-off gas outlet orifice, said main orifice, provided with a filtration device 48. The main orifice opens out from the main body 4 and therefore outside the circuit breaker 2.

Le fonctionnement des chambres de coupure est bien connu et n'est pas expliqué plus en détail. Un exemple de chambre de coupure est décrit dans le brevet EP-1764811-B1 .The operation of the interrupting chambers is well known and is not explained in more detail. An example of an interrupting chamber is described in the patent EP-1764811-B1 .

L'axe géométrique X40 désigne une direction d'alignement des plaques de l'empilement 42. Le pare-étincelle 44 surmonte l'empilement 42, en étant aligné avec cet empilement selon l'axe X40. Par exemple, le pare-étincelle 44 présente une forme de plaque pleine recourbée, ici recourbée à angle droit de sorte que sa section transversale présente une forme en L.The geometric axis X40 designates a direction of alignment of the plates of the stack 42. The spark arrester 44 overcomes the stack 42, by being aligned with this stack along the axis X40. For example, the spark arrester 44 has the shape of a curved solid plate, here bent at a right angle so that its cross section has an L shape.

L'orifice additionnel 18 est ménagé dans la face principale 22 à l'aplomb du pare-étincelle 44. En d'autres termes, le pare-étincelle 44 est intercalé entre l'orifice additionnel 18 et l'empilement 42. L'orifice additionnel 18 est ici aligné avec le pare étincelle 44 selon l'axe X40.The additional orifice 18 is formed in the main face 22 directly above the spark arrester 44. In other words, the spark arrester 44 is interposed between the additional orifice 18 and the stack 42. The orifice additional 18 is here aligned with the spark arrester 44 along the axis X40.

Dans l'exemple illustré, la référence X48 désigne un axe géométrique passant par l'orifice principal de sortie de gaz de coupure. L'axe X48 est perpendiculaire à l'axe X40.In the example illustrated, the reference X48 designates a geometrical axis passing through the main orifice for exit from the breaking gas. The X48 axis is perpendicular to the X40 axis.

La chambre de coupure 40 est agencée de telle sorte que la plus grande partie du gaz de coupure est évacué hors du compartiment 12 en traversant le dispositif de filtrage 48. Le flux de gaz de coupure est donc essentiellement orienté suivant l'axe X48 lorsqu'il est évacué hors du compartiment 12.The interrupting chamber 40 is arranged in such a way that most of the interrupting gas is evacuated from the compartment 12 by passing through the filtering device 48. The flow of interrupting gas is therefore essentially oriented along the axis X48 when it is evacuated from compartment 12.

Ce n'est donc qu'en cas de surpression importante que les gaz de coupure passent par l'orifice additionnel 18 en plus de traverser le dispositif de filtration 48, car l'orifice additionnel 18 se trouve à l'écart de la trajectoire suivie par le flux principal de gaz de coupure.It is therefore only in the event of significant overpressure that the breaking gases pass through the additional orifice 18 in addition to passing through the filtration device 48, since the additional orifice 18 is located away from the path followed. by the main flow of breaking gas.

Cela est notamment dû au fait que les axes X40 et X48 sont désalignés, et plus particulièrement perpendiculaires. Cela est aussi dû au fait que le pare-étincelles 44 est intercalé entre l'empilement 42 et l'orifice additionnel 18, de sorte à former un écran empêchant le passage des gaz directement en ligne droite depuis la chambre de coupure 40.This is in particular due to the fact that the axes X40 and X48 are misaligned, and more particularly perpendicular. This is also due to the fact that the spark arrester 44 is interposed between the stack 42 and the additional orifice 18, so as to form a screen preventing the passage of gases directly in a straight line from the cutting chamber 40.

Les autres pôles du disjoncteur 2 présentent une conception similaire. En particulier, le pôle 16 est analogue au pôle 12, si ce n'est que l'orifice additionnel du pôle 16 porte la référence 20. Le pôle 14, situé entre les pôles 12 et 16, est similaire au pôle 12, mis à part qu'il ne comporte pas d'orifice additionnel 18 ou 20.The other poles of circuit breaker 2 have a similar design. In particular, the pole 16 is similar to the pole 12, except that the additional orifice of the pole 16 bears the reference 20. The pole 14, located between the poles 12 and 16, is similar to the pole 12, put apart from the fact that it does not have an additional opening 18 or 20.

Les orifices additionnels 18 et 20, agissant conjointement avec l'ouverture périphérique entre le capot 6 et le corps principal 4, permettent ainsi une décompression de la chambre de coupure 40 des pôles 12 et 16 au moment du pic de pression qui survient lors de la coupure du courant, en formant une sortie additionnelle pour les gaz de coupure.The additional orifices 18 and 20, acting jointly with the peripheral opening between the cover 6 and the main body 4, thus allow decompression of the breaking chamber 40 of the poles 12 and 16 at the time of the pressure peak which occurs during the interruption of the current, by forming an additional output for the breaking gases.

L'agencement des orifices additionnels 18 et 20 permet de limiter la quantité de gaz de coupure qui est rejetée à l'occasion d'une telle décompression. En effet, il n'est pas souhaitable de rejeter trop de gaz de coupure non dépollué et non refroidi à l'extérieur du disjoncteur 2, car cela pourrait avoir des conséquences néfastes pour la sécurité des biens et des personnes.The arrangement of the additional orifices 18 and 20 makes it possible to limit the amount of cut-off gas which is released during such decompression. In fact, it is undesirable to reject too much unpolluted and uncooled cut-off gas outside the circuit breaker 2, as this could have harmful consequences for the safety of property and people.

En particulier, le fait d'utiliser seulement deux orifices additionnels 18, 20 est ici avantageux. Dans le cas présent, il n'est pas nécessaire de mettre un orifice additionnel sur le compartiment central associé au pôle 14, car ce compartiment est connecté fluidiquement avec le volume intérieur délimité par le capot 6 par l'intermédiaire de l'ouverture dans laquelle est installée le mécanisme, de sorte que la surpression de gaz de coupure générée pour ce compartiment central 14 peut s'évacuer.In particular, the fact of using only two additional orifices 18, 20 is advantageous here. In the present case, it is not necessary to put an additional orifice on the central compartment associated with the pole 14, since this compartment is fluidly connected with the interior volume delimited by the cover 6 via the opening in which the mechanism is installed, so that the cut-off gas overpressure generated for this central compartment 14 can be released.

La limitation du nombre d'orifices additionnels permet de limiter la quantité de gaz de coupure qui est rejetée à l'occasion d'une telle décompression.The limitation of the number of additional orifices makes it possible to limit the amount of breaking gas which is released during such decompression.

Dans le fonctionnement normal du disjoncteur 2, le capot 6 est monté sur le corps principal 4. De fait, le gaz de coupure sortant par les orifices additionnels 18 et 20 doit cheminer à l'intérieur du capot 6, dans le volume intérieur, avant de pouvoir sortir du disjoncteur 2. Cet agencement atténue l'onde de pression formée lors de l'éjection des gaz de coupure, et limite la perte d'étanchéité du disjoncteur 2 causée par la présence des orifices additionnels 18 et 20, notamment l'étanchéité à l'eau et à la poussière.In normal operation of the circuit breaker 2, the cover 6 is mounted on the main body 4. In fact, the breaking gas leaving through the additional orifices 18 and 20 must travel inside the cover 6, in the interior volume, before to be able to leave the circuit breaker 2. This arrangement attenuates the pressure wave formed during the ejection of the breaking gases, and limits the loss of tightness of the circuit breaker 2 caused by the presence of the additional orifices 18 and 20, in particular the waterproof and dustproof.

Enfin, les valeurs précédemment définies de l'écartement E2 permettent d'assurer une évacuation satisfaisante de la surpression, sans pour autant dégrader les propriétés d'étanchéité du disjoncteur, notamment l'étanchéité à l'eau et à la poussière.Finally, the previously defined values of the spacing E2 make it possible to ensure satisfactory evacuation of the overpressure, without however degrading the sealing properties of the circuit breaker, in particular the sealing against water and dust.

Ainsi, l'invention permet de limiter le risque d'endommagement du disjoncteur 2 suite à une surpression, sans dégrader les performances du disjoncteur 2.Thus, the invention makes it possible to limit the risk of damage to the circuit breaker 2 following an overpressure, without degrading the performance of the circuit breaker 2.

Selon des modes de mise en œuvre alternatifs, dans le cas d'un disjoncteur tétrapolaire, il est possible de n'utiliser que deux tels orifices additionnels 18, 20, ménagés pour les compartiments polaires adjacents au pôle situé au centre de l'alignement, c'est-à-dire situés sur les bords latéraux de part et d'autre du pôle central.According to alternative modes of implementation, in the case of a four-pole circuit breaker, it is possible to use only two such additional orifices 18, 20, formed for the polar compartments adjacent to the pole located at the center of the alignment, that is to say located on the lateral edges on either side of the central pole.

Selon une variante, dans le cas d'un disjoncteur tétrapolaire pour une installation triphasée avec ligne de neutre, il n'est pas nécessaire de former un orifice additionnel pour le compartiment polaire associé à la ligne de neutre, car l'énergie mise en jeu lors de la coupure du courant pour cette ligne de neutre est moindre que celle pour la coupure sur une phase électrique, et donc le risque de surpression de gaz de coupure au niveau de ce compartiment polaire est bien moindre.According to a variant, in the case of a four-pole circuit breaker for a three-phase installation with neutral line, it is not necessary to form an additional orifice for the polar compartment associated with the neutral line, because the energy involved when the current is cut for this neutral line is less than that for the cut on an electric phase, and therefore the risk of overpressure of cut gas at this polar compartment is much less.

Selon des modes de mise en œuvre complémentaires, la chambre de coupure 40 comporte en outre des déflecteurs 50 verticaux en matériau comportant des fibres synthétiques, par exemple de type aramide. De préférence, les déflecteurs 50 sont réalisés dans le matériau connu sous la marque Nomex® et commercialisé par la société DU PONT DE NEMOURS.According to complementary embodiments, the interrupting chamber 40 further comprises vertical deflectors 50 made of a material comprising synthetic fibers, for example of the aramid type. Preferably, the deflectors 50 are made of the material known under the trade name Nomex® and sold by the company DU PONT DE NEMOURS.

Par exemple, les déflecteurs 50 sont installés verticalement de part et d'autre de l'entrée de la chambre de coupure 40, en s'étendant parallèlement à l'axe X40. Les déflecteurs 50 présentent une forme de bande allongée et sont fixés à des parois latérales de la chambre de coupure 40. Les déflecteurs 50 sont ici au nombre de deux.For example, the deflectors 50 are installed vertically on either side of the entrance to the interrupting chamber 40, extending parallel to the axis X40. The deflectors 50 have the shape of an elongated strip and are fixed to the side walls of the breaking chamber 40. The deflectors 50 are two in number here.

Les déflecteurs 50 canalisent l'arc électrique dans la chambre de coupure 40 et minimisent les retours de gaz de coupure latéralement en périphérie de la chambre de coupure. Les déflecteurs 50 contribuent donc à optimiser encore plus l'évacuation et le traitement des gaz de coupure du disjoncteur 2.The deflectors 50 channel the electric arc in the interrupting chamber 40 and minimize the return of interrupting gas laterally on the periphery of the interrupting chamber. The deflectors 50 therefore help to further optimize the evacuation and treatment of the breaker gases from circuit breaker 2.

La figure 5 représente un mode de réalisation du capot 6.The figure 5 represents an embodiment of the cover 6.

Ce capot 6 comporte une partie principale 60, ici en forme de pavé creux dont la base est un quadrilatère régulier. La partie principale 60 comporte une paroi frontale qui forme une face avant du disjoncteur 2 lorsque le capot 6 est monté sur le corps principal 4. Par exemple, la paroi frontale comporte des fenêtres traversantes 62 et 64 permettant respectivement le passage du déclencheur 8 et du levier de commande 10.This cover 6 has a main part 60, here in the form of a hollow block, the base of which is a regular quadrilateral. The main part 60 has a front wall which forms a front face of the circuit breaker 2 when the cover 6 is mounted on the main body 4. For example, the front wall has through windows 62 and 64 allowing respectively the passage of the trigger 8 and the control lever 10.

La partie principale 60 délimite ainsi une cavité qui débouche à l'extérieur du capot 6 sur l'arrière du capot. La forme et les dimensions de la partie principale 60 sont choisies en fonction de la forme du corps principal 4.The main part 60 thus delimits a cavity which opens to the outside of the cover 6 on the rear of the cover. The shape and dimensions of the main part 60 are chosen as a function of the shape of the main body 4.

Le capot 6 comprend en outre des éléments de fixation 66 destinés à permettre la fixation du capot 6 sur le corps principal 4, de préférence une fixation sans degré de liberté. Le corps principal 4 comporte également des éléments complémentaires aux éléments de fixation 66, par exemple sous la forme d'évidements ou de creux adaptés pour recevoir les éléments de fixation. Les éléments de fixation 66 sont, par exemple, pourvus chacun d'un trou 68 pour recevoir une vis dont le vissage se fait ici dans le corps principal 4The cover 6 further comprises fixing elements 66 intended to allow the fixing of the cover 6 to the main body 4, preferably a fixing without degree of freedom. The main body 4 also includes elements complementary to the fixing elements 66, for example in the form of recesses or recesses adapted to receive the fixing elements. The fastening elements 66 are, for example, each provided with a hole 68 to receive a screw whose screwing is done here in the main body 4

Le capot 6 comporte en outre une bride 72 ménagée à la base de la partie principale 60. Cette bride 72 présente une forme plate et s'étend sur tout le pourtour de la base de la partie principale 60.The cover 6 further comprises a flange 72 formed at the base of the main part 60. This flange 72 has a flat shape and extends around the entire periphery of the base of the main part 60.

La bride 72 est pourvue d'éléments d'appui 70, ou espaceurs, qui sont dimensionnés pour maintenir l'écartement E2 de l'ouverture périphérique lorsque le capot 6 est monté sur le corps principal 4. Ces éléments d'appui 70 sont ainsi destinés à venir en contact avec une surface correspondante du corps principal 4 lorsque le capot 6 est monté sur le corps principal 4. Les éléments d'appui 70 sont ici des pattes formées d'un seul tenant avec le reste du capot 6.The flange 72 is provided with support elements 70, or spacers, which are dimensioned to maintain the spacing E2 of the peripheral opening when the cover 6 is mounted on the main body 4. These support elements 70 are thus intended to come into contact with a corresponding surface of the main body 4 when the cover 6 is mounted on the main body 4. The support elements 70 are here lugs formed integrally with the rest of the cover 6.

Les éléments de fixation 66 sont ici formés en saillie sur la bride 72. Ils viennent également en appui sur le corps central 4 lorsque le capot 6 est fixé, et forment donc des éléments d'appui qui agissent conjointement avec les éléments d'appui 70.The fixing elements 66 are here formed projecting from the flange 72. They also come to bear on the central body 4 when the cover 6 is fixed, and therefore form support elements which act jointly with the support elements 70 .

La figure 6 illustre un mode de réalisation préférentiel du dispositif de filtrage 48.The figure 6 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the filtering device 48.

Le dispositif de filtrage 48 comporte un diffuseur de gaz 80, un filtre 82 métallique et un écran 84 isolant intercalé entre le diffuseur de gaz 80 et le filtre 82. Le diffuseur 80, le filtre 82 et l'écran 84 sont ici alignés le long de l'axe X48.The filtering device 48 comprises a gas diffuser 80, a metal filter 82 and an insulating screen 84 interposed between the gas diffuser 80 and the filter 82. The diffuser 80, the filter 82 and the screen 84 are here aligned along of the X48 axis.

Le diffuseur 80, le filtre 82 et l'écran 84 sont ici illustrés écartés les uns des autres. Toutefois, en pratique, lorsque le dispositif de filtrage 48 est dans une configuration assemblée, le diffuseur 80, le filtre 82 et l'écran 84 sont en contact deux à deux.The diffuser 80, the filter 82 and the screen 84 are shown here separated from each other. However, in practice, when the filtering device 48 is in an assembled configuration, the diffuser 80, the filter 82 and the screen 84 are in contact in pairs.

Le diffuseur de gaz 80 forme une entrée du dispositif de filtrage 48 et a pour rôle de répartir spatialement le flux gaz de coupure, de manière à ce qu'en sortie du diffuseur 80, le gaz de coupure soit réparti de façon homogène sur toute la surface du filtre 82. Un exemple du diffuseur de gaz 80 est décrit dans EP-1251530-A1 .The gas diffuser 80 forms an inlet of the filtering device 48 and has the role of spatially distributing the flow of breaking gas, so that at the outlet of the diffuser 80, the breaking gas is distributed homogeneously over the entire surface of the filter 82. An example of the gas diffuser 80 is described in EP-1251530-A1 .

Le filtre 82 a pour rôle de refroidir et dépolluer le gaz de coupure. Il comporte un empilement de tissus métalliques de type « reps ». Un exemple du filtre 82 est décrit dans le brevet EP-0817223-B1 .The role of the filter 82 is to cool and decontaminate the cut-off gas. It includes a stack of metallic fabrics of the “reps” type. An example of the filter 82 is described in the patent EP-0817223-B1 .

L'écran 84 comporte une couche de matériau électriquement isolant en fibres synthétiques, par exemple de type aramide. De préférence, l'écran 84 est réalisé dans le matériau sous la marque Nomex® et commercialisé par la société DU PONT DE NEMOURS.The screen 84 comprises a layer of electrically insulating material made of synthetic fibers, for example of the aramid type. Preferably, the screen 84 is made of the material under the Nomex® brand and marketed by the company DU PONT DE NEMOURS.

Selon des modes de mise en œuvre, l'écran 84 présente avantageusement un évidement central 86. Cet évidement central 86 s'étend jusqu'à une partie supérieure 88 et jusqu'à une partie inférieure 90 de l'écran 84.According to embodiments, the screen 84 advantageously has a central recess 86. This central recess 86 extends to an upper part 88 and to a lower part 90 of the screen 84.

De préférence, la partie supérieure 88 et la partie inférieure 90 sont pourvues de trous traversants 92 autorisant le passage du gaz de coupure. Les trous 92 sont par exemple formés par découpe.Preferably, the upper part 88 and the lower part 90 are provided with through holes 92 allowing the passage of the cutting gas. The holes 92 are for example formed by cutting.

En variante, l'évidement central 86 est omis et est remplacé par des trous traversants analogues aux trous 92.As a variant, the central recess 86 is omitted and is replaced by through holes similar to the holes 92.

Les parties supérieure 88 et inférieure 90 ainsi percées de trous 92 permettent le passage du gaz de coupure en fournissant une isolation électrique renforcée. Le risque de rebouclage du courant dans le gaz de coupure ionisé au niveau du filtre métallique 82 est ainsi réduit.The upper 88 and lower 90 portions thus pierced with holes 92 allow the passage of the cutting gas by providing reinforced electrical insulation. The risk of the current being looped back into the ionized cut-off gas at the metal filter 82 is thus reduced.

L'évidement central 86 permet d'éviter de restreindre excessivement l'écoulement du gaz de coupure. L'absence de trous 92 dans la partie centrale de l'écran 84 n'est pas préjudiciable, car c'est principalement au niveau des parties inférieure 88 et supérieure 90 que le risque de rebouclage du courant est le plus élevé.The central recess 86 makes it possible to avoid excessively restricting the flow of the cutting gas. The absence of holes 92 in the central part of the screen 84 is not detrimental, since it is mainly at the level of the lower parts 88 and upper 90 that the risk of looping of the current is greatest.

Ainsi, le rendement du dispositif de filtrage 48 est amélioré, sans pour autant augmenter le niveau d'ionisation à l'extérieur du disjoncteur 2, notamment vis-à-vis de conducteurs électriques sous tension se trouvant dans l'environnement immédiat du disjoncteur 2 pendant qu'il est en fonctionnement.Thus, the efficiency of the filtering device 48 is improved, without increasing the level of ionization outside the circuit breaker 2, in particular with respect to live electrical conductors located in the immediate environment of the circuit breaker 2 while it is in operation.

En d'autres termes, le dispositif de filtrage 48 contribue à optimiser encore plus l'évacuation et le traitement des gaz de coupure du disjoncteur 2.In other words, the filtering device 48 contributes to further optimizing the evacuation and treatment of the breaking gases from the circuit breaker 2.

Les modes de réalisation et les variantes envisagés ci-dessus peuvent être combinés entre eux pour générer de nouveaux modes de réalisation.The embodiments and variants envisaged above can be combined with one another to generate new embodiments.

Claims (10)

  1. Low-voltage multipolar circuit breaker (2), including a moulded housing including a main body (4) and a cover (6), the cover (6) being mounted on the main body (4) and covering a main face (22) of the main body (4), the main body (4) being divided into interior compartments, each associated with one pole (12, 14, 16) of the circuit breaker (2);
    the circuit breaker (2) further including, for each pole (12, 14, 16), inside the corresponding compartment:
    - electrical contacts (34, 38) that can be separated by means of a switching mechanism of the circuit breaker (2);
    - an arc-extinguishing chamber (40) comprising: a stack (42) of arc-separation plates, a spark guard (44) which tops the stack (42), and an extinguishing gas outlet aperture, provided with a filtering device (48);
    the circuit breaker (2) being characterized in that, for at least two of the poles (12, 14, 16), the main face (22) of the main body (4) includes an additional aperture (18, 20), each additional aperture (18, 20) being placed directly above the spark guard (44) of the corresponding pole and placing the arc-extinguishing chamber (40) of this pole in communication with the interior volume delimited by the cover (6) and the main face (22),
    and in that the cover (6) is attached to the main body (4) while leaving a peripheral opening between the cover (6) and the main body (4) over the perimeter of the cover (6), this opening placing the interior volume in communication with the exterior of the housing.
  2. Circuit breaker (2) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral opening has a separation (E2) of between 0.3 mm and 1 mm.
  3. Circuit breaker (2) according to either one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filtering device (48) comprises a gas diffuser (80), a metal filter (82) and an insulating screen (84) made of synthetic fibres, inserted between the gas diffuser (80) and the filter (82), the screen (84) being provided with through-holes (92) formed in a top part (88) and in a bottom part (90) of the screen (84).
  4. Circuit breaker (2) according to Claim 3, characterized in that the screen (84) also comprises a central cut-out (86).
  5. Circuit breaker (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arc-extinguishing chamber (40) comprises baffles (50) made of insulating material including synthetic fibres, installed vertically on either side of the inlet of the arc-extinguishing chamber (80).
  6. Circuit breaker (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each additional aperture (18, 20) has an oblong form.
  7. Circuit breaker (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover (6) comprises a flange (72) provided with bearing elements (66, 70) dimensioned to keep the separation (E2) of the peripheral opening constant over the periphery of the cover (6) when the cover (6) is mounted on the main body (4) of the housing.
  8. Circuit breaker (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the main body (4) is made of thermoset polyester and the cover (6) is made of polycarbonate.
  9. Circuit breaker (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interior compartments associated with the poles are aligned side by side within the main body (4), the two compartments (12, 16) adjacent to the pole situated at the centre of the alignment each being provided with one of said additional apertures (18, 20), the other compartment (14) situated between the two lateral compartments (12, 16) having no additional aperture (18, 20).
  10. Circuit breaker (2) according to Claim 9, characterized in that the circuit breaker (2) is a triple-pole circuit breaker, the compartment (14) situated at the centre of the alignment having no additional aperture.
EP18208111.7A 2017-11-23 2018-11-23 Low-voltage multi-pole electrical breaker Active EP3489979B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1761100A FR3073974B1 (en) 2017-11-23 2017-11-23 LOW VOLTAGE MULTIPOLLE CIRCUIT BREAKER

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3489979A1 EP3489979A1 (en) 2019-05-29
EP3489979B1 true EP3489979B1 (en) 2020-04-15

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EP18208111.7A Active EP3489979B1 (en) 2017-11-23 2018-11-23 Low-voltage multi-pole electrical breaker

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US (1) US10665403B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3489979B1 (en)
CN (1) CN109830392B (en)
ES (1) ES2787038T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3073974B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102542180B1 (en) * 2022-03-30 2023-06-14 오성기전 주식회사 Arc extinguish device of DC circuit breaker

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3489979A1 (en) 2019-05-29
FR3073974A1 (en) 2019-05-24
CN109830392A (en) 2019-05-31
FR3073974B1 (en) 2019-12-20
ES2787038T3 (en) 2020-10-14
CN109830392B (en) 2022-11-04
US10665403B2 (en) 2020-05-26
US20190157028A1 (en) 2019-05-23

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