EP3478894A1 - Digue comportant un réseau de pieux - Google Patents
Digue comportant un réseau de pieuxInfo
- Publication number
- EP3478894A1 EP3478894A1 EP17742495.9A EP17742495A EP3478894A1 EP 3478894 A1 EP3478894 A1 EP 3478894A1 EP 17742495 A EP17742495 A EP 17742495A EP 3478894 A1 EP3478894 A1 EP 3478894A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piles
- pile
- elementary
- dike
- equal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
Definitions
- the invention relates to a dike comprising a pile network capable of attenuating, by a factor of at least two, the amplitude of the incident waves that propagate along a horizontal direction X with a wavelength ⁇ p to the surface of a liquid medium.
- each of the piles extends vertically from an anchored foot, without any degree of freedom, in the ground to a head situated at an altitude above the level of the liquid medium greater than the height of the waves to be attenuated,
- the mean distance between two immediately consecutive piles in the X direction is equal to L and the distance L between ⁇ ⁇ / (1.75) and ⁇ ⁇ / (2.5), and
- Each elementary cell is a square or a rectangle whose length is perpendicular to the direction X,
- each pile is centered on the center of the elementary cell which contains it with a tolerance of 0.2L, a tolerance of 0.2L meaning that the position of a pile in an elementary cell can deviate from the center of this cell elemental of not more than 0.2L,
- the filling factor of each elementary cell that includes a pile is between 0.1 and 0.8 and equal to plus or minus 50%, the average of the filling factors of all the elementary cells that contain a pile , the filling factor of an elementary cell being equal to S p / S c , where:
- the elementary cells are arranged in columns perpendicular to the X direction and in lines parallel to the X direction within plus or minus 15 °, the number of lines being at least twice the number of columns.
- all the piles are full piles. Typically, these are piles whose cross section is circular.
- P. Mclver “Water Wave Propagation Through an Infinite Array of Cylindrical Structures," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 424: 101-125, 2000.
- this article is called “Mclver's article”.
- Meta-materials refer to an artificial composite material that has properties that are not found in a natural material. These are usually periodic structures that behave like a homogeneous material that does not exist in the natural state with respect to the waves that pass through it.
- a band gap is a range of wavelengths in which the dike attenuates the amplitude of the incident waves by a factor of at least two.
- the amplitude of a set which has a wavelength ⁇ within the forbidden band of the dike and which propagates in the X direction has, after crossing this dike, an amplitude divided by at least two .
- the invention therefore relates to such a dam according to claim 1.
- Embodiments of this dike may include one or more of the features of the dependent claims.
- the invention also relates to a curved dike obtained from a set of piles established for one of the rectangular dikes claimed.
- a curved dike allows, for the same length, to protect against the waves a wider object.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration, in plan view, of a dike comprising a network of piles
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration, in vertical section, of the dike of Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 is a partial schematic and enlarged, in vertical section, of a portion of the dike of Figure 1;
- Figures 4 and 5 are schematic illustrations, in cross section, of the cross section of piles used in the dike of Figure 1;
- FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are graphs illustrating the evolution of the transmission rate of the dike of FIG. 1 as a function of the wavelength of the waves for different configurations of this dike;
- FIG. 9 is a schematic and partial illustration, in horizontal section, of another possible arrangement of the piles to build a dike
- FIGS. 10 to 13 are graphs illustrating the evolution of the transmission rate of the dike of FIG. 1 as a function of the wavelength for various possible configurations of this dike;
- FIG. 14 is a schematic and partial illustration, in horizontal section, of another possible configuration of the piles to build a dike;
- FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration, in top view of another embodiment of a dike having a pile network.
- Figures 1 to 3 show a dike 2 built in a liquid medium 4 to protect an object 6 waves 8 which propagate on the surface of the medium 4 in a direction X.
- the direction X is horizontal and coincides with the direction of propagation of the waves
- the direction Y is horizontal and orthogonal to the direction X
- the direction Z is vertical and perpendicular to the directions X and Y.
- the liquid medium 4 is a body of water on the surface of which the waves can spread.
- the middle 4 can be the sea, an ocean, a lake, a canal or a river.
- the object 6 is any object that must be protected from the action of the waves. It may be a man-made element such as a harbor, bridge, lighthouse, floating barge, fish farm, or a natural feature such as a beach or coastline.
- the object 6 is located behind the embankment 2, that is to say on the rear side of the embankment 2 situated on the opposite side to the front side of this embankment 2.
- the front side of the embankment 2 is the side facing the incidental waves and therefore directly exposed to these incidental waves.
- the front side is located to the left of the dike 2.
- the dike 2 is built on the principle of meta-materials. It comprises a network 10 of piles 12. To simplify FIGS. 1 and 2, numeral 12 points only to a few piles.
- Each pile 12 extends vertically from a lower foot 13A anchored without any degree of freedom in the bottom 14 ( Figure 3) of the liquid medium 4, to a head 13B located at an altitude A p above the level 17 of the liquid medium 4.
- the altitude A p is greater than or equal to the height of the waves to be attenuated, that is to say greater than or equal to the top of the waves to be attenuated.
- the level 17 of the liquid medium 4 is defined by the position of the interface between this liquid medium 4 in the absence of wave and the gaseous medium 16 located above. In FIG. 2, this level 17 is represented by a horizontal line in dotted lines. Here, the gaseous medium 16 is air.
- the depth P a of the middle 4 at a location A is the vertical distance separating the bottom 14 from the level 17.
- the submerged height Hi 2 of a pile 12 is equal to the depth of the middle 4 at the location of this pile 12.
- the length L i2 of a pile 12 is the vertical distance that separates his foot from his head.
- the bottom 14 is substantially flat.
- substantially flat is meant the fact that the difference ⁇ between the highest immersed height Hii 2m a x and the lowest immersed height Hii 2m in is less than or equal to Hi mO y / 10 and, preferably, less than or Himoy / 20 or Himoy / 50, where Himoy is the average of the Hii 2 submerged heights of all the piles 12 of the network 10.
- the Hii 2max and Hii 2min submerged heights are equal, respectively, to the smallest and the most
- the term "average” means an unweighted average, ie an average in which all the terms have a coefficient. weighting equal to one.
- the piles 12 are rigid.
- rigid is meant that the deformation of the piles under wave action is negligible, that is to say that the maximum amplitude of this deformation remains below Hii 2/100 or Hii 2/1000.
- the piles 12 are made of a material whose Young's modulus at 25 ° C is greater than 1 GPa or 5 GPa or 10 GPa.
- the piles 12 are made of wood or concrete or metal or in some polymers.
- the piles 12 are arranged relative to each other so as to divide by at least two the amplitude of the incident waves at the wavelength ⁇ ⁇ .
- the wavelength ⁇ ⁇ of the waves to be attenuated and their maximum height are, for example, determined from readings made in the liquid medium 4 on the front side of the dike 2 or before the construction of this dike 2.
- the division by at least two of the amplitude of the incident waves at the wavelength ⁇ ⁇ means that the transmission rate ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ ) of the dike 2 at this wavelength ⁇ ⁇ is less than or equal to equal to 0.5.
- the transmission rate at a wavelength ⁇ is the ratio AP (A) / AV (A), where:
- - ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the amplitude of the waves at the wavelength ⁇ measured on the rear side of the dike 2, that is to say right after having crossed the dyke 2, and
- AV (A) is the amplitude of the waves at the wavelength ⁇ measured on the front side of the dike 2, that is to say right before having crossed the dyke 2.
- the piles 12 are arranged so that there is a periodic tiling of the horizontal surface of the network 10 with the aid of elementary cells 20 ( Figure 2) of the same size.
- Each cell 20 is a square or a rectangle whose length is parallel to the direction Y.
- the width of the cell 20, in the X direction, is equal to L. At least 70% and preferably at least 80% or 90% or 98% of the cells contain a single pile 12.
- Each pile 12 is located in the center of a respective cell 20 or near this center.
- the cells 20 are arranged in rows and columns, the columns being parallel to the Y direction and the lines being parallel to the X direction to plus or minus 15 ° or more or less 5 °.
- the filling factor of each cell 20 which contains a pile 12 is between 0.1 and 0.8 and between 0.5Fm and 1.5Fm and preferably between 0.8Fm and 1.2Fm, where Fm is the average of the filling factors of the cells 20 which contain a pile 12.
- the tiling is considered periodic because it is built by juxtaposing, immediately next to each other, the elementary cells in the Y direction and / or in the X direction.
- this tiling has a periodic repetition of the cells 20. in the Y and X directions. Because of this periodicity, it also has at least two parallel axes of symmetry, respectively, to the X and Y directions.
- the tessellation forms a rectangular matrix of cells 20 with n y columns and n x lines. The columns are parallel to the direction Y. The lines are, in this example exactly parallel to the direction X.
- the number n is low and less than or equal to seven, and preferably less than or equal to six or four .
- the number n is greater than or equal to one or two. Conversely, the number n x is usually large, that is greater than or equal to 2n y or 5n y or 10n y . Depending on the intended application, the number n x is often greater than 10 or 20 or 50 or 100.
- each cell 20 contains at most only one pile. In the case of the dam 2, all the cells 20 each contain a single pile 12. It is said that an "elementary cell contains a pile", if this elementary cell completely surrounds the cross section of this pile.
- these columns of cells 20 are designated by their order number inside the network 10 in the direction X.
- the first column of cells 20 is the one located on the front side of the dike 2
- the second column of cells 20 is that located just after the first column of cells 20 in the X direction and so on.
- the fourth column of cells 20 therefore corresponds in the embodiment shown in the figures, to the last column of cells 20 of the dike 2.
- the distance L is the average distance between two successive piles 12 in the direction X.
- the distance between two successive piles 12 is equal to the distance between the centers of the cross sections of these two piles 12.
- the center of the cross section of a stake 12 is the center of the smallest convex hull that contains the entire cross section of this pile.
- the distance L is generally between ⁇ ⁇ / (1.75) and ⁇ ⁇ / (2.5).
- the distance L is chosen equal to ⁇ / 2.
- the distance L is generally greater than 50 cm or 80 cm.
- the distance L is also less than 10m or 5m or 2m.
- the position of a pile 12 inside an elementary cell 20 corresponds to the x, and y, coordinates of the center of the smallest convex envelope which contains the entire cross section of this pile 12.
- the coordinates Xi, y are expressed with respect to a fixed reference of this elementary cell.
- this reference of the elementary cell comprises:
- the position of a pile 12 is close to the center of the elementary cell if the distance e p is less than or equal to 0.2L and preferably less than or equal to 0.1L.
- the gaps e p are zero for all the cells 20.
- the filling factor of an elementary cell containing a pile 12 is equal to S p / S c where:
- S p is the surface of the cross section of the pile 12 contained in this elementary cell
- the cross-sectional area of a pile is equal to the area of the smallest convex hull that fully encloses this cross-section.
- each pile 12 is separated from its nearest neighbors by a distance greater than or equal to 0.1L or 0.2L or 0.3L.
- FIG. 10 there are two different types of piles 12, namely 12p full piles and recessed piles 12th.
- reference numeral 12 is used to designate indifferently solid piles and recessed piles.
- the numerals 12p and 12e are used to distinguish these two types of piles 12.
- the first, second and fourth columns of cells 20 contain only 12p full piles.
- the third column of cells 20 contains only recessed piles 12e.
- the full piles 12p are structurally identical to each other. Thus, only the cross section of a single solid pile 12p is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 4.
- the cross section of the solid pile 12p is constant over its entire length.
- This cross section is a full disk of diameter d and center O.
- the center O coincides with the center of the cell 20 which contains this pile.
- the diameter d of the cross section is chosen so that the filling factor of the cell 20 which contains this pile is between 0.1 and 0.8.
- the fill factor is between 0.19 and 0.4 or between 0.15 and 0.5.
- the diameter d is greater than or equal to L / 2 and strictly less than L and preferably between L / 2 and 0.8L.
- the diameter of the cross section is equal to L / 2 to plus or minus 10% or 5%.
- the diameter d is taken equal to L / 2.
- the recessed piles 12e are structurally identical to each other. Thus, only the cross-section of a single recessed pile 12e is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 5. Specifically, the recessed pile 12e differs from the solid pile 12p only in the shape of its cross-section. Its cross section is "C" shaped. Thus, the outer periphery of the cross section is circular and of diameter d e. The diameter d e is here equal to the diameter d. With this choice of the diameter d e , the filling factor of the cells containing a pile 12 e is equal to the filling factor of the cells 20 containing a pile 12 p.
- the pile 12e has a central recess 30 and a slot 32.
- the central recess 30 extends continuously over the entire length of the pile 12e.
- the central recess has a circular cross section of diameter d ,.
- the diameter d is generally greater than or equal to d e / 2 and, preferably, greater than or equal to 0.7d e or 0.9d e . In the numerical simulations described below, the diameter d, is chosen equal to 0.95d e .
- the slot 32 extends vertically and continuously over the entire length of the pile 12e. It fluidly connects the central recess 30 to the liquid medium 4 located outside the pile 12e. Thus, the central recess is also filled by the liquid medium 4.
- the width L horizontal sr of the slot 32 is constant. Typically, the width L sr is between d 8 and d ,. In the case where the width L sr is equal to d , the hollow pile 12e occupies more than half a disk diameter d. However, preferably, in the embodiments described here, the width L sr is between
- FIG. 6 represents the evolution of the transmission rate ⁇ ( ⁇ ), as a function of the wavelength ⁇ of the incident waves on the dike 2.
- the y-axis represents the value of the transmission rate ⁇ ( ⁇ ) of the dike.
- the x-axis represents the value of the ⁇ / L ratio for the incident wave. Therefore, on these graphs, the wavelength ⁇ ⁇ chosen to design the dike 2 corresponds to the value 2 on the abscissa axis.
- the curve 40 corresponds to a configuration where the 12th piles have been replaced by 12p piles.
- This configuration corresponds to the case where the dike 2 comprises only full piles and therefore approximately to the configurations described in the article by Mclver.
- the band gap is approximately 1.75 to 2.7.
- the dike is incapable of attenuating waves having longer wavelengths and in particular wavelengths greater than or equal to 3 L.
- Curve 42 corresponds to the configuration shown in Figure 2. It can be seen that the presence of recessed piles 12e allows to enlarge the forbidden band compared to the case where the dike is devoid of such hollow piles. Here, the band gap extends from 1.75 to 3.45.
- Curve 44 corresponds to the configuration shown in FIG. 2 except that the third and fourth columns of cells 20 have been inverted. In this configuration, the piles 12e are only located in the fourth column of cells 20 and no longer in the third column. In this case, the band gap is between 1.75 and 3.45.
- Curve 46 corresponds to the configuration shown in FIG. 2 except that the second and third columns of cells 20 have been inverted. In this configuration, the piles 12e are only located in the second column of cells 20. The dike this time has two banned bands. The first band gap ranges from 1.75 to 2.4 and the second band gap ranges from 2.6 to 3.45. Between these two forbidden bands, there is a peak of transmission. However, even in this configuration, the dike can effectively mitigate waves for a greater number of wavelengths than would allow an identical dike but without hollow pile (curve 40).
- the curve 48 corresponds to the configuration shown in Figure 2 except that in the second column of cells 20, the piles 12p are replaced by 12e piles.
- the dike has this time 12e piles located in the second and third columns of cells 20.
- the dike also has two forbidden bands.
- the first bandgap range is 1.75 to 2,3 and the second band gap ranges from 2.9 to 3.6.
- this configuration always makes it possible to effectively attenuate the waves for a greater number of wavelengths than allows an identical dike but without hollow pile (curve 40).
- FIG. 7 represents the evolution of the transmission rate ⁇ ( ⁇ ) of the dike 2 shown in FIG. 2 in the following three configurations:
- the bottom 14 is flat and horizontal (curve 50),
- the bottom 14 is flat and gently sloping so that the liquid medium 4 is deeper on the front side of the dike 2 than the rear side.
- the difference ⁇ previously defined is equal to 1/20 Hi avg (curve 52),
- FIG. 8 represents the evolution of the transmission rate ⁇ ( ⁇ ) of the dike 2 shown in FIG. 2 for different widths L sr of the slot 32. More precisely, the curves 60, 62, 64, 66 and 68 correspond respectively to the following values of width L sr : 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, 350 mm and 50 mm.
- FIG. 9 represents a square 80 formed by the juxtaposition of four elementary cells 83 to 85.
- the cells 82, 83 and the cells 84, 85 are aligned one behind the other in the direction X.
- the cells 83 and 84 are identical to the cell 20 and each comprises a pile 12p in their center.
- the cells 82 and 85 are identical to the cell 20 and each comprises a pile 12e at their center.
- the square 80 was used to build a dike. For this, in the Y direction, ten copies of the square 80 were juxtaposed immediately one after the other. In the X direction, two copies of the square 80 were juxtaposed immediately one after the other. A network of piles 12 having four columns of cells 20 and twenty rows of cells 20 is thus obtained. In this configuration, in each column, one cell out of two contains a hollow pile 12 and the other cells 20 of this column contain a pile. full 12p. Similarly, in every line, one cell out of two contains a recessed pile 12e and the other cells of this line contain 12p full piles.
- the curve 90 of FIG. 10 represents the evolution of the transmission rate ⁇ ( ⁇ ) for the dike obtained by juxtaposing the squares 80.
- the dike has two forbidden bands, respectively, between 1.75 and 2.45 and between 2.6 and 3.45.
- This embodiment always makes it possible to effectively attenuate the waves for a greater number of wavelengths than the same dike without hollow pile 12e.
- the curve 100 of Figure 11 shows the evolution of the transmission rate ⁇ ( ⁇ ) of a dike identical to the dike 2 except that all 12p piles are replaced by 12th piles.
- the dike thus obtained therefore comprises only recessed piles 12e.
- This dam then has two prohibited bands, respectively, between 1.65 and 2.45 and between 2.9 and 3.75.
- This simulation therefore shows that a dike comprising only recessed piles 12e also makes it possible to effectively attenuate the waves for a greater number of wavelengths than the same dike but devoid of a hollow pile (for a comparison, refer to FIG. curve 40 of Figure 6).
- the piles 12 were exactly at the same position in each of the elementary cells.
- the distance e p previously defined was zero.
- the piles of an elementary cell are not exactly and precisely positioned at its center.
- the gap e p is not zero.
- the influence of the difference e p on the transmission rate ⁇ ( ⁇ ) of the dike was simulated in the particular case of a dike identical to dike 2 except that the 12th piles were replaced by 12p piles.
- FIG. 12 represents the evolution of the transmission rate of this dike for the following values of the gap e p :
- Figure 14 shows side by side an elementary cell 20 containing a single pile 12p and an elementary cell 20 containing a hollow pile 70e.
- the stake is identical to the 70th pole 12 except that its diameter d e is strictly greater than the diameter of the pile 12p.
- the diameter d e is, however, small enough so that the filling factor of the cell 20 containing the pile 70e is between 0.5Fm and 1.5Fm and preferably between 0.8Fm and 1.2Fm.
- the 70th piles can be used in place of the 12th piles in the previous embodiments to construct a dike. It has been verified by simulations that such a dike also makes it possible to increase the number of wavelengths for which the transmission rate of the dike is less than 0.5 compared to an identical dyke but devoid of hollow piles. .
- solid piles may have a central recess but no slot.
- the cross section of the hollow or solid piles is not necessarily circular.
- the outer periphery of the hollow or solid pile cross-section is square, rectangular, triangular, elliptical, polygonal or other.
- the term "diameter" previously used designates the hydraulic diameter of the smallest convex envelope which completely contains this cross section.
- the cross section of the central recess 30 is not necessarily circular.
- the cross section of the central recess 30 can also be square, rectangular, triangular, elliptical, polygonal or the like.
- the term "diameter" of the central recess then designates the hydraulic diameter of this central recess.
- the slot 32 can make an angle of a few degrees with the vertical.
- the horizontal offset between the position of the slot 32 at the foot of the pile 12e and at the head of the pile 12e may be strictly greater than zero. However, this difference remains less, typically, 10% or 5% of the diameter d e of the pile 12.
- the recessed piles may comprise more than one slot.
- the recessed piles comprise the slot 32 and one or more additional slots.
- the additional slots are, for example, identical to the slot 32 or different from the slot 32 only by their width. Additional slots increase the number of wavelengths for which the dike divides by at least two the amplitude of the incident waves passing through it.
- the hollow pile head may extend beyond the slot 32 by a solid portion or by another element. In this case, it is the upper end of the slot 32 which is located at the altitude A p .
- the pile 70e has been described in the particular case where its diameter d e is greater than the diameter d.
- the diameter d e may also be chosen strictly less than the diameter d. Neither is it necessary that all the piles 12p have the same diameter d.
- more than 10% or more than 25% of the piles 12p have a diameter at least 1.1 times or twice smaller than that of the other piles 12p of the dike. In the same way, it is not necessary that all the piles 12e have the same diameter. If the piles 12 have different diameters, it must then be ensured that the filling factor of each cell 20 remains between 0.5Fm and 1.5Fm.
- each line of cells 20 comprises at least one cell containing a hollow pile.
- only one line in three or every other line of cells comprises a cell containing a hollow pile.
- the other lines contain only cells that contain full piles.
- these configurations are obtained from the configurations already described here and by interposing between each pair of cell lines already described, one or two rows of cells containing only 12p full piles.
- at least one line on three of the dam has a hollow pile.
- a new configuration can be obtained by replacing, in a column of cells containing only recessed piles 12e, less than 10% and, preferably less than 5%, recessed piles 12e of this column by solid piles 12p .
- the transmission rate obtained with this new configuration is almost the same as that obtained with the configuration where the column has only hollow piles.
- replacing in a column containing only solid piles, less than 10% or less than 5% of these full piles by hollow piles does not significantly change the rate of transmission of the dike.
- the elementary cell is a rectangle whose length is parallel to the Y direction and their width is parallel to the X direction. Its width is equal to the distance L.
- the length of these elementary cells is strictly greater than L. In this case, this results in the fact that the spacing of the piles 12 in the Y direction is strictly greater than the distance L.
- liquid medium is essentially composed of water also applies to any other liquid medium on the surface of which waves propagate.
- FIG. 15 represents a curved dike 100.
- the dike 100 is obtained from the dike 2 by applying to the positions of the piles 12 of the dike 2 a conformal transformation T of the XY plane.
- the embankment 100 is identical, to the conformal transformation T, to the dike 2.
- a conformal transformation of the plane (“conformai map" in English) is a transformation that locally retains the angles between two oriented curves.
- the vectors tangent at T (A) to the two image curves T (C1) and T (C2) also form the angle ⁇ .
- the transformation T is locally a direct similarity.
- the transformation T transforms each elementary cell 20 of the periodic tiling of the network 10 into a curved elementary cell. More precisely, the transformation T transforms the front and rear sides of each square or rectangular elementary cell into an arc of circle of center of curvature C R. The front and rear sides of the cell 20 are those parallel to the Y direction.
- the radius of curvature R of each arc of each curved elementary cell of the tiling of the dike 100 is greater than L, where the symbol L has already been previously defined.
- the radius of curvature of all the circular arcs of all curved elementary cells are greater than 10 m or 20 m or 50 m.
- the center C R is common to all arcs of all curved elementary cells.
- This center C R is, typically, located on the side of the incident waves.
- the piles 12 are arranged in the center of these curved elementary cells in the same way as previously described.
- the dike 100 therefore comprises a network of piles 12, at least some of which are recessed piles.
- the transformation T is such that the angle ⁇ at the apex of the smallest angular sector of vertex C R which completely contains the dike 100 is less than 90 ° and, typically, less than 60 ° or 40 °.
- the angle ⁇ is also generally greater than 5 ° or 10 °.
- Such a curved dike 100 has the advantage, for the same curvilinear length as the length of the dike 2 in the Y direction, to protect a larger object 6, in the Y direction.
- curvilinear length the dike 100 is the length of the median arc along which this dike extends.
- the angle ⁇ can also be greater than 180 ° for example.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1656272A FR3053368A1 (fr) | 2016-06-30 | 2016-06-30 | Digue comportant un reseau de pieux |
| PCT/FR2017/051735 WO2018002527A1 (fr) | 2016-06-30 | 2017-06-28 | Digue comportant un réseau de pieux |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3478894A1 true EP3478894A1 (fr) | 2019-05-08 |
Family
ID=57233597
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17742495.9A Withdrawn EP3478894A1 (fr) | 2016-06-30 | 2017-06-28 | Digue comportant un réseau de pieux |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3478894A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3053368A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018002527A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2662378A (en) * | 1949-08-06 | 1953-12-15 | Harry A Schmitt | Art of shore protection |
| JPS62170606A (ja) * | 1986-01-20 | 1987-07-27 | Shimizu Constr Co Ltd | 透過性消波堤 |
-
2016
- 2016-06-30 FR FR1656272A patent/FR3053368A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
2017
- 2017-06-28 WO PCT/FR2017/051735 patent/WO2018002527A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-06-28 EP EP17742495.9A patent/EP3478894A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2018002527A1 (fr) | 2018-01-04 |
| FR3053368A1 (fr) | 2018-01-05 |
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