EP3478055A1 - Überwachungsvorrichtung und damit durchgeführtes verfahren zum bestimmen, ob ein tier richtig gefüttert wird - Google Patents
Überwachungsvorrichtung und damit durchgeführtes verfahren zum bestimmen, ob ein tier richtig gefüttert wirdInfo
- Publication number
- EP3478055A1 EP3478055A1 EP17737390.9A EP17737390A EP3478055A1 EP 3478055 A1 EP3478055 A1 EP 3478055A1 EP 17737390 A EP17737390 A EP 17737390A EP 3478055 A1 EP3478055 A1 EP 3478055A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- animal
- fodder
- time period
- monitoring device
- specific factor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 562
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 124
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000000577 adipose tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 42
- 235000019577 caloric intake Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 16
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000036642 wellbeing Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000002720 Malnutrition Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001071 malnutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000000824 malnutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000015380 nutritional deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000006286 nutrient intake Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010033307 Overweight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000037063 Thinness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020244 animal milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000309465 heifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020825 overweight Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000032696 parturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000022676 rumination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015212 rumination disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010048828 underweight Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K29/00—Other apparatus for animal husbandry
- A01K29/005—Monitoring or measuring activity, e.g. detecting heat or mating
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to foddering of animals and in particular to determining whether an animal is properly fed or not.
- the health and well-being of an animal is important, not only from a moral perspective, but also for the animal to produce large quantities of milk and milk of good quality in case the animal is a dairy cattle or livestock.
- a farm of animals usually has a large amount of animals and the animals are often fed in common and not individually.
- the group as a whole may be monitored such that they are given fodder of an amount based on the number of animals in the group.
- animals are individuals thereby there is a variation among animals with respect to how much they eat, how fast/slowly they eat. These variations may lead to some animals being overfed and some animals being under-fed.
- Nutrient balance of dairy and/or a beef animal is important. Nutrient balance is the difference between nutrient intake and nutrient consumed.
- the object is to obviate at least some of the problems outlined above.
- it is an object to provide a monitoring device and a method performed by the monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed.
- a method performed by a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed comprises obtaining a measured value of at least one parameter related to fodder intake of said animal during a time period; and obtaining an estimation of energy needed by said animal during the time period.
- the method also comprises determining an animal-specific factor based on the measured value of the at least one parameter and the energy needed by the animal.
- a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed.
- the monitoring device is configured for obtaining a measured value of at least one parameter related to fodder intake of said animal during a time period; and for obtaining an estimation of energy needed by said animal during the time period
- the monitoring device is also configured for determining an animal-specific factor based on the measured value of the at least one parameter and the energy needed by the animal.
- the monitoring device and the method performed thereby have several advantages.
- One advantage is that the animal may be individually monitored and kept track of.
- Another advantage is that it enables easy detection of a possible malnutrition of the animal.
- Yet another advantage is that it may provide an indication of which fodder is beneficial to the animal and which is not.
- Still an advantage is that the animal-specific factor may provide an indication of whether an animal is more or less suited to be used for breeding since an animal tending to overeat or not consuming enough fodder to accommodate its energy need may be less suitable than an animal consuming fodder corresponding to its energy need.
- Figure 1 a is a flowchart of a method performed by a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed, according to an exemplifying embodiment.
- Figure 1 b is a flowchart of a method performed by a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed, according to yet an exemplifying embodiment.
- Figure 1c is a flowchart of a method performed by a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed, according to still an exemplifying embodiment.
- Figure 1d is a flowchart of a method performed by a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed, according to another exemplifying embodiment.
- Figure 1e is a flowchart of a method performed by a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed, according to a further exemplifying embodiment.
- Figure 1f is a flowchart of a method performed by a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed, according to an exemplifying embodiment.
- Figure 1g is a flowchart of a method performed by a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed, according to yet a further
- Figure 1 h is a flowchart of a method performed by a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed, according to still a further exemplifying embodiment.
- Figure 2a is a schematic illustration of a barn comprising animals having free access to fodder.
- Figure 2b is a schematic illustration of a field wherein animals have free access to fodder and/or grass.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed, according to an exemplifying embodiment.
- Figure 4 is a block diagram of a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed, according to another exemplifying embodiment.
- Figure 5 is a block diagram of an arrangement in a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed, according to an exemplifying embodiment.
- a monitoring device and a method performed thereby for determining whether an animal is properly fed are provided.
- the time the animal spends eating fodder composition, eating grass, ruminating and/or the water intake of the animal may be monitored and/or measured.
- the above are non-limiting examples of parameters related to fodder intake.
- the energy need of the animal is also estimated.
- the monitoring device performing the method may then determine an animal-specific factor based on the monitored parameter related to fodder intake, and the energy needed by the animal.
- the fodder-intake of the animal may be estimated. However this assumption works if all animals eat with the same speed and/or metabolism. Using eating time only it is likely the fodder-intake estimate is not accurate enough for monitoring nutrient balance of individual animals.
- Figure 1a illustrates the method 100 comprising obtaining 110 a measured value of at least one parameter related to fodder intake of the animal during a time period; and obtaining 120 an estimation of energy needed by the animal during the time period.
- the method 100 also comprises determining 140 an animal-specific factor based on the measured value of the at least one parameter and the energy needed by the animal.
- the animal and its activities may be monitored in different ways.
- the animal may be wearing or carrying one or more sensors that monitor(s) the animal's activities and position.
- the animal has a positioning device, e.g. an RFID tag in its ear by means of which it is possible to always determine where the animal is located, either within a barn or on an enclosed field.
- the RFID tag may identify the animal at a fodder table or at a water station, wherein it may be determined where and for how long the animal is staying at a certain location or position.
- the animal may also be wearing a neckband comprising one or more sensors that monitor(s) different activities of the animal such as chewing, swallowing, rumination, position of the head relative the body of the animal or relative ground, and/or movement of the head.
- the neckband may also comprise the above described RFID tag, a Global Positioning System, GPS, device or any other positioning device for keeping track of the whereabouts of the animal.
- a water station where the animal may drink water may be equipped with a flowmeter in order to monitor the water intake of the animal. Water intake may be measured in a unit of volume for example.
- the at least one parameter related to fodder intake of the animal may be monitored and statistics and/or information may be collected.
- the statistics and/or information may be in the form of the value of the at least one parameter. Examples of the at least one parameter are given in more detail below.
- the method also comprises determining 140 the animal-specific factor based on the measured value of the at least one parameter and the energy needed by the animal.
- E content t energy content of the animal at time t.
- the time period during which the at least one parameter is monitored runs from T1 to T2.
- Energy content is related to the weight, size and/or amount of body fat of the animal and possibly also breeding status of the animal.
- E in is the energy intake of the animal during the time period running from T1 to T2 and E out is the accumulated energy
- E out depends on e.g. milk production and energy needed for the animal's daily activity.
- E out is the estimation of energy needed by the animal during the time period.
- E consumption (t) is a function of the energy consumption of the animal at time t, then E out is the integration of the function between T1 and T2:
- E consumption (t) is defined by the National Research Council, NRC, model which will be explained in more detail below.
- E in may then be calculated as the following:
- the function of fodder intake F intake (t) is a unit of kg per time unit. In an example, it is estimated by:
- Fintake t k * E(t) , (4)
- E(t) is the eating time and k is the eating speed. It implies that the amount of fodder intake during a time unit is proportional to the time the animal spends eating during the time period.
- the parameter k is animal dependent. It does not assume all animals eat fodder at the same speed.
- K E out /T, (6) wherein K is the animal-specific factor.
- the method performed by the monitoring device has several
- One advantage is that the animal may be individually monitored and kept track of. Another advantage is that it enables easy detection of a possible malnutrition of the animal. Yet another advantage is that it may provide an indication of which fodder is beneficial to the animal and which is not. Still an advantage is that the animal-specific factor may provide an indication of whether an animal is more or less suited to be used for breeding since an animal tending to overeat or not consuming enough fodder to accommodate its energy need may be less suitable than an animal consuming fodder corresponding to its energy need.
- the method 100 may further comprise, as illustrated in figure 1 b, estimating 50 amount of intake of freely accessible fodder based on the animal- specific factor and the measured value of the parameter, whereby a more accurate amount of intake of freely accessible fodder may be calculated.
- the animal may be in a barn or in an open field, wherein the animal may eat as much fodder as it wishes and also drink as much water as it wishes, see also figures 2a and 2b.
- the animal 251 -259 has access to a fodder table 210 from which the animal may eat as much fodder as it desires.
- the animal 251 -259 also has access to a water station 230 from which the animal may drink as much water as it desires.
- the water intake of the animal is proportionate to its fodder intake. Consequently, the fodder intake of the animal (i.e. the amount of fodder the animal eats) may be determined, or at least estimated by the water intake of the animal.
- sensors and/or devices monitor the activities of individual animals. These sensors and/or devices may themselves or together in any combination provide information about the activities of individual animals within the barn 200 or open field 205 during the time period.
- An open field is generally enclosed by a fence or similar.
- the animals have free access to fodder it becomes cumbersome to weigh and control the amount of fodder individual animals consumes.
- the amount of intake of freely accessible fodder may be estimated 150.
- the fodder on the fodder table has a known energy content per unit of weight. Consequently, the amount of freely accessible fodder may be estimated 150 based on the animal- specific factor, the energy content of the fodder and the measured value of the parameter.
- the measured value of the parameter is time spent eating fodder off the fodder table 210 and denote the measured value of the parameter with T.
- the parameter may be water intake, time spent eating from a fodder table, time spent eating grass, or time spent ruminating.
- the water intake of the animal is proportionate to its fodder intake and hence water intake is thus related to fodder intake of the animal. It is clear that time spent eating from a fodder table and/or time spent eating grass are related to fodder intake of the animal. Time spent ruminating is also related to fodder intake of the animal, since the animal regurgitates (casts up) previously consumed fodder and masticates it a second time. The re-chewed fodder with saliva is formed into a bolus and swallowed a second time. [00047] It shall be pointed out that different animal-specific factors may be determined depending on which parameter or parameters is/are monitored and/or measured.
- the monitoring device may determine one animal-specific factor based on water intake, one based on time spent at fodder table, one based on time spent ruminating, one based on time spent eating grass etc.
- two or more parameters may be combined so that one animal-specific factor may be based on water intake together with time spent at the fodder table for example.
- the method may further comprise, as illustrated in figure 1c, predicting 160 the amount of fodder intake of the animal for a subsequent time period based on the determined animal-specific factor.
- a farmer may have a very large number of animals wherein it may be difficult to estimate amount of fodder to purchase so that the farmer does not have to store too much fodder or does not have enough to meet the requirements of the animals.
- the farmer may, for each animal, predict the amount of fodder intake of the animal for the subsequent time period based on the determined animal-specific factor. Then the total amount of fodder needed in the farm for the animals may be determined by adding the amount of fodder intake of all individual animals together.
- the method may further comprise monitoring 170 the amount of fodder intake for the subsequent time period to determine whether the animal is properly fed during the subsequent time period.
- monitoring 170 the amount of fodder intake for the subsequent time period to determine whether the animal is properly fed during the subsequent time period.
- the predicting of the amount of fodder intake of the animal for a subsequent time period useful for fodder management on the farm, it may also be used to monitor the amount of fodder intake for the subsequent time period of the animal.
- an animal-specific factor may be determined based on measured value(s) of at least one parameter related to fodder intake of the animal.
- an animal-specific factor may be determined based on measured value(s) of at least one parameter related to fodder intake of the animal.
- the monitoring device may be configured to generate an alarm of sort indicating to the farmer that the monitored animal is not eating as much fodder as predicted or is eating more fodder than predicted. This enables the farmer to investigate if something is wrong with the animal so that the farmer may take necessary measures if needed.
- the method may further comprise, as illustrated in figure 1d, obtaining 30 a measured possible physiological change of the animal during the time period.
- a physiological change may be a change in weight and/or a change in body fat.
- the change may be the animal has gained weight or increased its body fat; and the change may be that the animal has lost weight or reduced its body fat.
- Any physiological change is an indication that the animal is not in balance with regard to nutrition and/or energy intake stemming from its fodder consumption. If there is no physiological change, the animal is referred to as being in balance meaning that it is consuming the right amount of fodder and thereby right amount of energy. If there is a physiological change, the animal is referred to as being in imbalance meaning that it is not consuming the right amount of fodder/energy.
- an action may need to be taken in order to get the animal in balance.
- the change may be desired, e.g. if the animal has previously been underfed and has gained weight during the time period, e.g. due to some action that has been taken after the previous time period(s).
- the determining 140 of the animal-specific factor may further be based on the possible physiological change of the animal during the time period.
- the animal-specific factor should be relatively constant over time assuming little or no change in fodder composition and/or eating and/or drinking habit of the animal.
- the animal-specific factor for the animal in balance is related to the specific energy need of the animal, which takes into account the metabolism and/or eating speed of the animal and/or water intake of the animal, and/or time spent ruminating.
- the physiological change e.g. a change in weight, wherein the difference AE ⁇ s estimated using the physiological change of the animal.
- the animal-specific factor may be determined as:
- E c is possible energy from concentrated fodder, which may also be referred to as concentrated fodder and T is time spent eating at the fodder table. It shall be pointed out that the animal may be in imbalance without being given concentrated fodder, wherein E c in equation (7) above is zero.
- An animal may be feed with additional concentrated fodder. If so, the concentrated fodder is generally strictly controlled such that the animal is given a defined amount of concentrated fodder, wherein the energy consumed by the animal stemming from the concentrated fodder is well known.
- the scheme of providing both regular freely accessible fodder and concentrated fodder is also referred to as Partial Mixed Ratio, PMR. With PMR, the above equation (5) for the energy intake becomes:
- the animal-specific factor for PMR may be expressed as:
- a first example comprises weighing the animal, wherein the possible physiological change is a change in weight.
- the animal 251 -259 in the barn 200 or in the open field 205 has free access to the fodder table 210 and the water station 230.
- the animal also has access to a parlour 240 in which the animal may be milked. Going in to, or out of, the animal goes through a passage 245 which may be equipped with a scale, wherein the animal is weighed as it goes through the passage 245.
- a passage 245 which may be equipped with a scale, wherein the animal is weighed as it goes through the passage 245.
- there may be one or more sensors/devices keeping track of the animal and its various activities wherein the animal may be identified going through the passage, e.g. an RFID or a GPS device. In this manner, the animal may be identified and weighed going through the passage.
- the obtained weight of the animal may then be compared to one or more previous weights having previously been obtained and stored, wherein the monitoring device may obtain 130 the measured possible physiological change in the form of a weight change of the animal.
- Another example obtaining 130 the measured possible physiological change during the time period comprises optical scanning of the animal, wherein the possible physiological change is a change in weight and/or a change of body fat.
- the optical scanning of the animal may be performed by a Body
- Condition Score BCS, camera that takes a 3D image of the animal's lower backs and calculates the body condition score of the animal.
- the body condition score is indicative of the amount of body fat the animal has and may facilitate determining whether the animal is under-weight, has appropriate weight or is over-weight. This may be correlated to whether the animal is properly fed or not.
- FIG. 2c a table is illustrating an example of the relationship between BCS and body fat.
- the BCS camera may be arranged in the passage 245, wherein the BCS camera may take a 3D image of the animal's lower backs when the animal goes through the passage 245 entering and/or leaving the parlour 240.
- the determining 140 of the animal-specific factor may then be based on a relationship between the obtained estimation of the energy needed by the animal, the possible physiological change and the value of the parameter related to fodder intake of the animal.
- the animal-specific factor is determined based at least on the measured value of the at least one parameter and the energy needed by the animal.
- the animal-specific factor may be determined using equation (6). If the animal displays a physiological change, the animal-specific factor may be determined using equation (7).
- the determining 140 of the animal-specific factor of the animal may be performed at least once during any time period under which the value of at least one parameter related to fodder intake of the animal is measured.
- the animal-specific factor may be determined at least once at the end of the time period, but the animal-specific factor may also be determined every day, every second day or a couple of times during the week.
- the one or more parameters is/are monitored and measured in order to obtain the measured value of the at least one parameter.
- measured values of the at least one parameter may be obtained for shorter intervals of the time period, e.g. a daily measured value of the at least one parameter may be obtained, wherein the animal-specific factor of the animal may be determined based on one or more measured values of the at least one parameter for one or more intervals of the time period. In this manner, a possible deviation in the animals eating and/or drinking habits during such a shorter interval may be detected.
- the animal-specific factor is determined on a daily basis.
- the monitoring device may determine the animal-specific factor daily based on the measured value of the at least one parameter obtained every day.
- the monitoring device may also determine the animal-specific factor based on the measured value of the at least one parameter for all the days that have passed of the time period so far. For example, on day 8, the monitoring device may determine the animal-specific factor for day 8 and it may determine the animal-specific factor for days 1-8.
- the monitoring device may generate an alarm of sort indicating that there is a deviation in K for day 9, wherein a farmer may investigate the reason why the animal displays the deviation in K and take appropriate action(s) if needed.
- the estimation of the energy needed by the animal may be based on the National Research Council, NRC, model, historical data related to the animal, and/or the possible physiological change(s) of the animal.
- the NRC provides models for different animals that give an estimation of the energy needed by the different animal.
- the model gives a generalisation or average estimation for the types of animal, race of animal and so on. There is a variation between individual animals of the same type and race that cannot be seen from the different NRC models.
- Historical data related to the animal may comprise previously obtained measured values of one or more parameters related to fodder intake of the animal, previously determined animal-specific factors etc.
- the more historical data available the more accurately the energy needed by the animal may be estimated. Further, the energy needed by the animal may vary over time depending on different circumstances, e.g. if the animal is pregnant or not, the age of the animal, etc.
- the more historical data available the more accurately the variations in the energy needed by the animal may be estimated.
- the possible physiological change(s) of the animal may be used to estimate the energy needed by the animal.
- the animal gains weight during the time period the animal is overfed and thus needs less energy/fodder than actually consumed. Thereby the energy needed by the animal is at least less than the energy consumed (by the consumed fodder). This may provide a more rough estimation of the energy needed by the animal than compared to the NRC model and/or the historical data.
- the NRC model takes into account one or more of milk production of the animal, size of the animal and lactation number, breeding status, race and energy needed for maintenance of the animal's daily activity.
- the NRC provides models for different animals that give an estimation of the energy needed by the different animal.
- the animal may be a cow, a pig, a sheep, a goat, a duck, a chicken, dog etc. All these different types of animals comprise different races and the NRC may provide models for all or some of these animals and/or respective types thereof.
- the animal may be bred for e.g. its meat or for milk production.
- the animal is a cow
- Different individuals of a particular race may be in different stages of life, e.g. the cow may be a heifer, pregnant, just having given birth, ready to become pregnant etc. which affects the lactation number and breeding status.
- Different individuals of a particular race may be of different sizes, age and different individuals may have a high, average or low milk production. All these different factors may affect the energy intake of the animal, i.e. the cow in this illustrative example.
- the method may further comprise, as illustrated in figure 1e and 1f, comparing 180 the determined animal-specific factor for the time period with a previously determined and stored animal-specific factor for a previous time period; and/or comparing 181 the determined animal-specific factor of the animal to determined animal-specific factor(s) of respective other animal(s).
- a change in the animal-specific factor between two or more time periods may indicate a change in the animal's well-being, e.g. with regard to how well the animal assimilates its fodder intake.
- the change in the animal-specific factor may be desired due to an intended change in the circumstances of the animal, e.g. a change in fodder composition in order to improve the well-being of the animal. Then the change may be interpreted as a confirmation that e.g. the new fodder composition suits the animal better than the previous fodder composition.
- the change in the animal- specific factor may not be desired and/or expected. Such a change in the animal- specific factor may be due to e.g. the animal being ill, or that a new fodder composition is poorly suited for the animal.
- comparing 80 the determined animal- specific factor for the time period with a previously determined and stored animal- specific factor for a previous time period is a way of evaluating whether the animal is properly fed.
- the monitoring device may also compare 181 the determined animal-specific factor of the animal to determined animal-specific factor(s) of respective other animal(s).
- Two individual animals of the same type and race may have different characteristics in many aspects. For example, they may have different eating speed, different metabolism, different energy need, different milk
- the farmer may evaluate e.g. if the animal is profitable and may thus be used for breeding or if the animal is non-profitable and should not be used for breeding, should be sold or should be culled.
- the method may further comprise, as illustrated in figure 1g,
- the fodder composition may have been changed. This may lead to an expected or unexpected change in the animal-specific factor of the animal.
- the new fodder composition may not agree with the animal, wherein the animal may be given the previous fodder composition if the change in the animal-specific factor is for the worse.
- the animal may e.g. drink less than before, which means that the animal correspondingly most likely also eats less fodder thereby consumes less energy than before. This may be an indication that the animal is ill and the farmer may investigate what may be the cause.
- the change in the animal-specific factor may be due to the animal spending less time eating grass, less time eating from the fodder table, and/or less time ruminating. Thus by comparing these parameters, it may be established that something has happened to the animal and that an investigation to find the reason therefore is necessary.
- Some animals may be given a specific amount of concentrated fodder. If the animal is given a first specific amount of concentrated fodder during the time period and has been given a second specific amount of concentrated fodder during a previous time period, then that may account for the change in the animal- specific factor. Generally, the amount of concentrated fodder is controlled so that if the change in the animal-specific factor may be due to a change in amount of concentrated fodder given to the animal, then the animal may be alright even if the animal-specific factor has changed.
- the method may further comprise, as illustrated in figure 1h,
- the "size" of the change different actions may be appropriate.
- different changes possibly requiring an action to be taken.
- Some changes may be desired in case an action has been taken after the previous time period(s) to improve the foddering of the animal.
- Some changes may be unwanted and/or unexpected. The unwanted and/or unexpected changes may give rise to an action to be taken for a subsequent time period following the current time period.
- the monitoring device obtains the estimation of the physiological change of the animal during the time period. Any physiological change is an indication that the animal is not in balance with regard to fodder/energy intake.
- the change may be desired, e.g. if an animal has previously been underfed and has gained weight during the time period, e.g. due to some action that has been taken after the previous time period(s).
- the animal-specific factor is too low or too high, then there might be something wrong with e.g. the fodder composition, and/or an amount of
- the animal may be ill.
- fodder composition e.g., water intake, time spent eating grass, time spent at the fodder table eating fodder, and/or amount of concentrated fodder intake between the time period to that of the previous time period(s)
- an obtained measurement of the amount of milk being milked from the animal and the energy content of the milk with regard to protein, lactose and/or fat during the time period may itself serve as an indication that the animal is not properly fed.
- the milk production is individual but it is also affected by various factors and circumstances associated with the animal. For example, amount of fodder, grass and/or water consumed by the animal; the composition of the fodder and/or the nutrition values of the grass may affect the animal's milk production.
- the change may serve as an indication that something has happened that needs to be addressed.
- the change may be an improvement after an action that has been taken after the previous time period(s), but the change may also be a deterioration which may stem from e.g. the animal falling ill or a change in fodder composition that does not agree with the animal and thus negatively affect the milk production.
- the monitoring device may determine the action(s) to take in order to ascertain that the animal is properly fed, thereby also increasing its well-being.
- the action to take may be one or more of (a) adding, increasing, removing or decreasing an amount of concentrated fodder given to the animal, (b) changing a composition of the fodder given to the animal, (c) putting the animal in a group of animals having similar characteristics as the animal with regard to one or more of: (I) the animal-specific factor, (II) physiological characteristics of the animal, and (III) physiological change of the animal during the time period.
- the actions to take may also depend on the above described obtained measurements during the time period and possible changes having occurred between the time period and the previous time period(s). [000107] The changes are taken in order to improve or even optimise the well- being of the animal, which may result in improved or even optimised quality of meat and/or milk production of the animal.
- the milk production and meat quality are individual for each animal and may depend on several factors. Thus one possible action is to add, increase, remove or decrease the amount of concentrated fodder given to the animal.
- Concentrated fodder may be given to the animal in different amounts in order to boost the quality of the meat and/or the milk production. However, consuming too much concentrated fodder is not good for the animal. Thus depending on the above described animal-specific factor, the physiological characteristics of the animal, and/or the physiological change of the animal during the time period, the amount of concentrated fodder may be changed.
- Different fodder compositions comprise different amounts of protein, minerals and vitamins relative to each other. Different animals assimilate different compositions differently. Thus changing the composition of the fodder given to the animal may lead to a composition better suited for the animal, wherein the quality of the meat and/or the milk production and the well-being of the animal may be increased.
- the animals may be divided into groups, wherein the groups may be characterised by one or more of meat quality, body fat percentage, milk production, fodder composition, relative amount of fodder concentrate given to the animals etc.
- each group comprises animals similar to each other and may be fed together using the same fodder, the same relative amount of fodder concentrate etc.
- the method may further comprise determining 180 a fodder digesting efficiency of the animal based on a change in the animal-specific factor.
- the digesting efficiency of the animal may be depending upon different factors, for example the fodder composition, the amount of fodder composition versus amount of grass consumed by the animal, the amount of water and so on.
- a change in the animal-specific factor could be an indication of change in nutrition contents in the fodder, which may be known by fodder nutrition analysis, or digestion efficiency which can be affected by the fodder processing or recipe of the fodder.
- the monitoring device is used on a farm on which animal, e.g. cows, are fed with a Total Mixed Ratio, TMR, which is a fodder composition comprising all nutrients the cows require.
- TMR Total Mixed Ratio
- the cows are divided into groups depending on their milk production, which is dependent on the
- a cow having a relatively large milk production generally requires a larger fodder/energy intake than a cow having a relatively small milk production.
- the cows in the different groups are being fed different mixtures of TMR, wherein e.g. a group of high milk producing cows is given a first TMR, a group of low producing cows is given a second TMR, a group of dry cows is given a third TMR and a group of sick cows is given a fourth TMR.
- the cows are not given any other fodder than the TMR.
- the cows are kept in a barn, e.g. like in figure 2a.
- K1 in this equation is the animal- specific factor for the cow.
- the monitoring device is used on a farm on which cows are fed both a fodder composition and a portion of concentrated fodder.
- the fodder composition is given to the cows on a fodder table 210 from which the cows may eat freely wherein the monitoring device may obtain a measurement of the time spent at the fodder table associated with individual cows by
- the cows may be divided into groups as in the first example above, wherein the fodder composition on the fodder table may be different for different groups, meaning that each group may have its own fodder table upon which the respective fodder composition for respective group is provided.
- the portion of the concentrated fodder is predetermined or known so the energy intake coming from the concentrated fodder need not be estimated but is known based on the amount of concentrated fodder (the portion) and the energy content per unit of the fodder.
- the monitoring device is used on a farm on which cows are fed with a TMR but are also allowed to grace on a field eating grass, e.g. as in figure 2b.
- Each cow may be wearing a neckband comprising one or more sensors, e.g. an accelerometer for determining the position of the head of the cow relative the ground, a sensor for determining whether the cow is chewing, ruminating, drinking, swallowing and/or a sensor for determining the position of the cow.
- the monitoring device obtains a measured value of at least one parameter related to fodder intake of the animal during a time period, e.g. time spent eating grass, time spent at the fodder table 210, time spent ruminating, and/or water intake.
- Kl * T represents the energy intake stemming from the consumed fodder composition, wherein K1 is the animal-specific factor for individual cows with regard to the fodder composition and T is the time spent eating at the fodder table.
- K2 * E grass represents the energy intake stemming from the consumed grass, wherein K2 is the animal-specific factor for individual cows with regard to the grass.
- Both K1 and K2 has been previously determined, e.g. using any of equations (6) and/or (7).
- the monitoring device described in this disclosure may receive the herein described values (e.g. the measured value of the at least one parameter related to fodder intake of the animal during the time period) from another device having collected the above described measurements from the one or more sensors of the animal and then having made the estimate.
- the monitoring device may receive the above described measurements (e.g. water intake, time spent eating from the fodder table) from the one or more sensors of individual animals and then process the received measurements to obtain one or more values (e.g. the measured value of the at least one parameter related to fodder intake of the animal during the time period).
- Embodiments herein also relate to a monitoring device for determining whether an animal is properly fed.
- the monitoring device has the same technical features, objects advantages as the method described above.
- the monitoring device will only be described in brief in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
- FIGS 3 and 4 illustrates the monitoring device 300, 400 being configured for obtaining a measured value of at least one parameter related to fodder intake of the animal during a time period; and obtaining an estimation of the energy needed by the animal during the time period.
- the monitoring device 300, 400 further is configured for determining an animal-specific factor based on the measured value of the at least one parameter and the energy needed by the animal.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the monitoring device 300 comprising a processor 321 and memory 322, the memory comprising instructions, e.g. by means of a computer program 323, which when executed by the processor 321 causes the monitoring device 300 to obtain a measured value of at least one parameter related to fodder intake of the animal during a time period; and to obtain an estimation of the energy needed by the animal during the time period.
- the memory further comprises instructions, which when executed by the processor 321 causes the monitoring device 300 to determine an animal-specific factor based on the measured value of the at least one parameter and the energy needed by the animal.
- Figure 3 also illustrates the monitoring device 300 comprising a memory 310. It shall be pointed out that figure 3 is merely an exemplifying illustration and memory 310 may be optional, be a part of the memory 322 or be a further memory of the monitoring device 300.
- the memory may for example comprise information relating to the monitoring device 300, to statistics of operation of the monitoring device 300, information relating to animals being monitored by the monitoring device, just to give some illustrating examples.
- Figure 3 further illustrates the monitoring device 300 comprising processing means 320, which comprises the memory 322 and the processor 321. Still further, figure 3 illustrates the monitoring device 300 comprising a communication unit 330.
- the communication unit 330 may comprise an interface through which the monitoring device 300 communicates with other devices and/or sensors associated with the animal.
- FIG. 3 also illustrates the monitoring device 300 comprising further functionality 340.
- the further functionality 340 may comprise hardware or software necessary for the monitoring device 300 to perform different tasks that are not disclosed herein.
- FIG 4 illustrates the monitoring device 400 comprising an obtaining unit 403 for obtaining a measured value of at least one parameter related to fodder intake of the animal during a time period; and for obtaining an estimation of the energy needed by the animal during the time period.
- the monitoring device 400 further comprises a determining unit 404 for
- the monitoring device 400 is also illustrated comprising a communication unit 401.
- the communication unit 401 may comprise more than one receiving arrangement.
- the communication unit 401 may comprise one or more of a USB or data contact/connector, an antenna, a keyboard, a CD player, a DVD player, and/or a screen by means of which monitoring device 400 is enabled to communicate with other devices and/or sensors associated with the animal.
- the monitoring device 400 is further illustrated comprising a memory 402 for storing data. Further, the monitoring device 400 may comprise a control or processing unit (not shown) which in turn is connected to the different units 403-404. It shall be pointed out that this is merely an illustrative example and the monitoring device 400 may comprise more, less or other units or modules which execute the functions of the monitoring device 400 in the same manner as the units illustrated in figure 4.
- figure 4 merely illustrates various functional units in the monitoring device 400 in a logical sense.
- the functions in practice may be implemented using any suitable software and hardware means/circuits etc.
- the embodiments are generally not limited to the shown structures of the monitoring device 400 and the functional units.
- the previously described exemplary embodiments may be realised in many ways.
- one embodiment includes a computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that are executable by the control or processing unit for executing the method steps in the monitoring device 400.
- the instructions executable by the computing system and stored on the computer-readable medium perform the method steps of the monitoring device 400 as set forth in the claims.
- the monitoring device has the same advantages as the method performed by the monitoring device.
- One advantage is that the animal may be individually monitored and kept track of.
- Another advantage is that it enables easy detection of a possible malnutrition of the animal.
- Yet another advantage is that it may provide an indication of which fodder is beneficial to the animal and which is not.
- the animal-specific factor may provide an indication of whether an animal is more or less suited to be used for breeding since an animal tending to overeat or not consuming enough fodder to accommodate its energy need may be less suitable than an animal consuming fodder corresponding to its energy need.
- the monitoring device 300, 400 is further configured for estimating amount of intake of freely accessible fodder based on the animal-specific factor and the measured value of the parameter.
- the parameter is water intake, time spent eating from a fodder table, time spent eating grass, or time spent ruminating.
- the monitoring device 300, 400 is further configured for predicting amount of fodder intake of the animal for a subsequent time period based on the determined animal-specific factor.
- the monitoring device 300, 400 is further configured for monitoring the amount of fodder intake for the subsequent time period to determine whether the animal is properly fed during the subsequent time period.
- the monitoring device 300, 400 is further configured for obtaining a measured possible physiological change of the animal during the time period.
- the monitoring device 300, 400 is further configured for determining the animal-specific factor further based on the possible physiological change of the animal during the time period.
- the monitoring device 300, 400 is further configured for obtaining of the measured possible physiological change during the time period by weighing the animal, wherein the possible physiological change is a change in weight.
- the monitoring device 300, 400 is further configured for obtaining of the measured possible physiological change during the time period by optical scanning of the animal, wherein the possible physiological change is a change in weight and/or a change of body fat.
- the monitoring device 300, 400 is further configured for determining the animal-specific factor based on a
- the monitoring device 300, 400 is further configured for determining the animal-specific factor of the animal at least once during any time period under which a value of at least one parameter related to fodder intake of the animal is measured.
- the estimation of the energy needed by the animal is based on the NRC model, historical data related to the animal, and/or the possible physiological change(s) of the animal.
- the NRC model takes into account one or more of milk production of the animal, size of the animal and lactation number, breeding status, race and energy needed for maintenance of the animal's daily activity.
- the monitoring device 300, 400 is further configured for comparing the determined animal-specific factor for the time period with a previously determined and stored animal-specific factor for a previous time period; and/or comparing the determined animal-specific factor of the animal to determined animal-specific factor(s) of respective other animal(s).
- the monitoring device 300, 400 is further configured for comparing fodder composition, water intake, time spent eating grass, time spent eating from a fodder table, time spent ruminating and/or amount of concentrated fodder intake of the time period to that of the previous time period.
- the monitoring device 300, 400 is further configured for determining an action to take with respect to one or more of: (i) the obtained measured physiological change of the animal during the time period, (ii) the determined animal-specific factor, (iii) change in the animal-specific factor from the previous time period, (iv) change in fodder composition, water intake, time spent eating grass, time spent eating from a fodder table, time spent ruminating and/or amount of concentrated fodder intake between the time period to that of the previous time period.
- the action to take is one or more of (a) adding, increasing, removing or decreasing an amount of concentrated fodder given to the animal, (b) changing a composition of the fodder given to the animal, (c) putting the animal in a group of animals having similar characteristics as the animal with regard to one or more of: (I) the animal-specific factor, (II)
- physiological characteristics of the animal and (III) physiological change of the animal during the time period.
- the monitoring device 300, 400 is further configured for determining a fodder digesting efficiency of the animal based on the animal-specific factor.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows an embodiment of an arrangement 500 in a monitoring device 400.
- a processing unit 506 e.g. with a Digital Signal Processor, DSP.
- the processing unit 506 may be a single unit or a plurality of units to perform different actions of procedures described herein.
- the arrangement 500 of the monitoring device 400 may also comprise an input unit 502 for receiving signals, information and/or data from other entities such as other devices and/or sensors associated with the animal, and an output unit 504 for providing signal(s) to other entities.
- the input unit and the output unit may be arranged as an integrated entity or as illustrated in the example of figure 4, as one or more interfaces 401.
- the arrangement 500 in the monitoring device 400 comprises at least one computer program product 508 in the form of a non-volatile memory, e.g. an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory,
- the computer program product 408 comprises a computer program 510, which comprises code means, which when executed in the processing unit 506 in the arrangement 500 in the monitoring device 400 causes the monitoring device 400 to perform the actions e.g. of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with figures 1a-1h.
- the computer program 510 may be configured as a computer program code structured in computer program modules 5 0a-510e.
- the code means in the computer program of the arrangement 500 in the monitoring device 400 comprises an obtaining unit, or module, for obtaining a measured value of at least one parameter related to fodder intake of the animal during a time period; and obtaining an estimation of the energy needed by the animal during the time period.
- the computer program further comprises a determining unit, or module, for determining an animal-specific factor based on the measured value of the at least one parameter and the energy needed by the animal.
- the computer program modules could essentially perform the actions of the flow illustrated in figures 1a-1h, to emulate the monitoring device 400.
- the different computer program modules when executed in the processing unit 506, they may correspond to the units 403-404 of figure 4.
- code means in the embodiments disclosed above in conjunction with figure 4 is implemented as computer program modules which when executed in the respective processing unit causes the monitoring device to perform the actions described above in the conjunction with figures mentioned above, at least one of the code means may in alternative embodiments be implemented at least partly as hardware circuits.
- the processor may be a single Central Processing Unit, CPU, but could also comprise two or more processing units.
- the processor may include general purpose microprocessors; instruction set processors and/or related chips sets and/or special purpose microprocessors such as Application Specific Integrated Circuits, ASICs.
- the processor may also comprise board memory for caching purposes.
- the computer program may be carried by a computer program product connected to the processor.
- the computer program product may comprise a computer readable medium on which the computer program is stored.
- the computer program product may be a flash memory, a Random-Access Memory RAM, Read-Only Memory, ROM, or an EEPROM, and the computer program modules described above could in alternative embodiments be distributed on different computer program products in the form of memories within the monitoring device.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Feeding And Watering For Cattle Raising And Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE1650961 | 2016-07-01 | ||
PCT/SE2017/050692 WO2018004429A1 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2017-06-22 | Monitoring device and method performed thereby for determining whether an animal is properly fed |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3478055A1 true EP3478055A1 (de) | 2019-05-08 |
Family
ID=59298502
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17737390.9A Withdrawn EP3478055A1 (de) | 2016-07-01 | 2017-06-22 | Überwachungsvorrichtung und damit durchgeführtes verfahren zum bestimmen, ob ein tier richtig gefüttert wird |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3478055A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018004429A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10967829B1 (en) | 2019-09-17 | 2021-04-06 | Joyson Safety Systems Acquisition Llc | Driver side airbag module |
CN116649236B (zh) * | 2023-07-11 | 2024-04-16 | 南通睿牧制造有限公司 | 一种奶牛养殖饲喂监控管理系统 |
CN117557075B (zh) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-04-26 | 西安市临潼区任留畜牧兽医站 | 一种用于畜牧业生产管理的智能管理系统 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4517923A (en) * | 1983-07-07 | 1985-05-21 | Key Systems, Inc. | Animal feeding system |
NL9400465A (nl) * | 1994-03-23 | 1995-11-01 | Agmat Bv | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het gedoseerd automatisch afgeven van voer aan dieren. |
EP1215957B1 (de) * | 1999-09-02 | 2004-12-15 | Kristoffer Larsen Innovation A/S | Verfahren zur steuerung der aufzucht von freilaufenden tieren |
NL1016835C2 (nl) * | 2000-12-08 | 2002-06-11 | Nedap Nv | Boerderijmanagementsysteem. |
NL1033926C2 (nl) * | 2007-06-03 | 2008-12-08 | Maasland Nv | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het beheren van een groep melkdieren, alsmede een computerprogrammaproduct daarvan. |
WO2011020145A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | The University Of New England | System and method for monitoring the feeding practices of individual animals in a grazing environment |
-
2017
- 2017-06-22 WO PCT/SE2017/050692 patent/WO2018004429A1/en unknown
- 2017-06-22 EP EP17737390.9A patent/EP3478055A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2018004429A1 (en) | 2018-01-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4517923A (en) | Animal feeding system | |
RU2715627C2 (ru) | Способ получения информации о сельскохозяйственном животном | |
AU2011247052B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for detecting disease in dairy animals | |
US20170325426A1 (en) | A Method and Device for Remote Monitoring of Animals | |
EP3478055A1 (de) | Überwachungsvorrichtung und damit durchgeführtes verfahren zum bestimmen, ob ein tier richtig gefüttert wird | |
De Mol et al. | The relation between eating time and feed intake of dairy cows | |
Leiber et al. | Intake estimation in dairy cows fed roughage-based diets: An approach based on chewing behaviour measurements | |
Werner et al. | Identification of possible cow grazing behaviour indicators for restricted grass availability in a pasture-based spring calving dairy system | |
Schwanke et al. | Effects of concentrate allowance and individual dairy cow personality traits on behavior and production of dairy cows milked in a free-traffic automated milking system | |
González-García et al. | Measuring liveweight changes in lactating dairy ewes with an automated walk-over-weighing system | |
Maltz | Novel technologies: sensors, data and precision dairy farming | |
Wang et al. | Vision-based measuring method for individual cow feed intake using depth images and a Siamese network | |
Michie et al. | Wireless MEMS sensors for precision farming | |
Delagarde et al. | Accuracy of the FeedPhone device for recording eating and rumination times in dairy cows | |
CN106952175A (zh) | 基于奶牛鼻羁压力变化的个体采食量估计方法 | |
Konka et al. | Automatic classification of eating and ruminating in cattle using a collar mounted accelerometer | |
AU2013364503B2 (en) | A method and system for determining milk characteristics for individual animals in a herd | |
NL2024138B1 (nl) | Zelflerend gegevensverwerkingsmodel voor het kwantificeren van een hoeveelheid droge stof die is opgenomen door een individueel dier. | |
Sallam et al. | SMART LIVESTOCK FARMING: PRESENT STATUS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND FUTURE TRENDS | |
WO2015174900A1 (en) | System and method for estimating the solid feed consumption by animals on a farm on an animal individual level, system for managing animals, and methods for managing animals, preparing solid feed, and feeding animals | |
BR102017006913B1 (pt) | Sistema de pesagem automática, voluntária compreendendo o sistema de monitoramento e gestão de animais e aparelho | |
Hills et al. | Precision feeding and grazing management for temperate pasturebased dairy systems | |
JP2022151669A (ja) | 状態推定システム、状態推定方法、給餌量決定システム、給餌量決定方法、学習済モデル生成装置、及び学習済モデル生成方法 | |
O’Brien et al. | An ear tag to measure grazing behaviour of dairy cows at pasture | |
Krivonogov et al. | New technologies in livestock |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20190117 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20191031 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20210407 |