EP3472472B1 - Système de couches, turbine et procédé de production - Google Patents

Système de couches, turbine et procédé de production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3472472B1
EP3472472B1 EP17739949.0A EP17739949A EP3472472B1 EP 3472472 B1 EP3472472 B1 EP 3472472B1 EP 17739949 A EP17739949 A EP 17739949A EP 3472472 B1 EP3472472 B1 EP 3472472B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
impeller
layer
base element
layer system
lcmn
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17739949.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3472472A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter MARTINIUS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy BV
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/284Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02Selection of particular materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/023Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00Manufacture
    • F05D2230/30Manufacture with deposition of material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00Manufacture
    • F05D2230/90Coating; Surface treatment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/20Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
    • F05D2300/22Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05D2300/226Carbides
    • F05D2300/2263Carbides of tungsten, e.g. WC

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an impeller of a turbo-machine, in particular a turbo-compressor, in particular a centrifugal turbo-compressor, wherein said impeller comprises a base element of a base material comprising blades being arranged along a circumferential direction of a rotational axis, wherein said blades comprise a leading edge and a trailing edge.
  • Said impeller comprising a layer system applied on said base element, wherein said layer system extends in a border area of said base element up to an outer surface, wherein said layer system comprises at least one layer of cladding material provided onto the base material.
  • the invention relates to a method to produce an impeller respectively according to the before mentioned type.
  • EP 2 135 698 A1 , EP 2 789 713 A1 , DE 10 2009 043097 relate to free standing blades being partly coated. These blades are generally used in steam turbines to withstand e.g. droplet erosion.
  • US 2011/229338 A1 discloses an impeller according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the specific focus of the invention is the avoidance of erosion in turbo-compressors.
  • the rotating parts, especially the impellers of the turbo machine may suffer from a dramatic decrease in lifetime due to severe erosion wear.
  • Dust particles carries by a process fluid through the machine for example so called 'black dust', may have hardnesses between 230 up to 600HV 0.01 (Vickers hardness test).
  • the rotating parts of pipeline compressors are quickly damaged in particular at the leading edge and the trailing edge of impeller blades.
  • the invention proposes a layer system, an impeller and a method to produce such a layer system or an impeller as according to the respective independent claims.
  • the respective dependent claims refer to beneficial embodiments of the invention.
  • the layer system according to the invention comprises said base material and one or several of cladding material layers provided onto the base material. Further said layer system comprises a compressive residual stress layer extending from said outer surface into at least the outermost layer of cladding material. In case of several cladding material layers provided on a base material as part of the layer system said compressive residual stress layer may extend through several layers of cladding material from said outer surface and even extend into the base material as well. Preferably said compressive residual stress layer extends only in the outermost layer of cladding material.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is provided by generating said layer or layers of cladding material by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW).
  • GTAW gas tungsten arc welding
  • a base material is X3CrNiMo13-4 (martensitic alloy).
  • X3CrNiMo13-4 material number: 1.4313 according to EN10250
  • weight percent wt%
  • Element Minimum Maximum Carbon (C) 0 0.05 Silicon (Si) 0 0.7 Mangan (Mn) 0,5 1.5 Chromium (Cr) 12.0 14.0 Molybdenum (Mo) 0.3 0.7 Nickel (Ni) 3,5 4.5 Sulfur (S) 0 0.015 Phosphor (P) 0 0.04 Nitrogen (N) 0 0.02 Iron base
  • Stellite 21 is Element Minimum Maximum Carbon (C) 0.15 0.40 Mangan (Mn) 0 1.0 Chromium (Cr) 25 30 Silicon (Si) 0 1.5 Molybdenum (Mo) 4.5 7.0 Nickel (Ni) 1.5 3 Iron (Fe) 0 5.0 Tungsten (W) 0 0.5 Cobald (Co) base others 0 1.0
  • One preferred embodiment provides that at least two layers of cladding material are provided to the base material and most preferably three layers of cladding material are provided. Preferably all three layers are of the same chemical composition and most preferably all three layers are of Stellite 21.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the layer system is provided by giving a heat treatment of up to three hours at 570°C to the base element for at least one time to eliminate residual welding stresses. Surprisingly it was found that the subsequent heat treatment as proposed does not impair the desirable high hardness of the cladding.
  • the most preferred application of the invention is the production of an impeller of a turbo-machine, in particular a turbo-compressor, in particular a centrifugal turbo-compressor, wherein said impeller comprises a base element of a base material comprising blades being arranged along a circumferential direction of a rotational axis, wherein said blades comprise a leading edge and a trailing edge, wherein said leading edge and said trailing edge belong to a surface treatment zone, wherein at least part of said surface treatment zone is a layer system as described and defined in several embodiments above.
  • these impeller blades are attached to a hub section of said base element and are extending radially and/or axially from said hub section.
  • Said impeller can be designed as a so called open type or closed type.
  • flow channels are circumferentially delimited by said blades, a hub section and a shroud section being attached to the blades tips respectively defining the flow channels in axial-radial direction.
  • the hub section defines the flow channels in axial-radial direction (see also figure 1, 2 regarding the difference).
  • the layer system in particular the layer system of the impeller is produced applying the following steps:
  • a further substep is conducted by: c) heat treatment of said base element.
  • the heat treatment of said base element after the shot peening improves the residual stress in the base element down to an acceptable minimum of the one hand and on the other hand it does not impair the desired high hardness of the Stellite cladding. Since the heat treatment and the shot peening change the geometry of the base element a final machining of the base element is preferably performed as a substep d).
  • a further forth step can be conducted as: 4) mounting a shroud section to said base element.
  • the shroud section is preferably welded to said base element, in particular to the blade tips of said base element.
  • a heat treatment may be performed afterwards. Due to the changes in geometry expected from welding and heat treatment a final machining may preferably be done afterwards.
  • the base element being an impeller of a turbo-machine preferably balancing of the impeller and overspeeding may be performed to improve operational behavior and minimize risk of any damage.
  • a preferred embodiment of the impeller is provided by machining the base element with additional grooves respectively recesses compared to the ordinary impeller in the area of the surface treatment zone where the layer system according to the invention is provided.
  • Theses recesses may be provided cumulatively or alternatively like the following:
  • FIG. 1 and figure 2 respectively show a 2-dimensional longitudinal section through an impeller according to the invention along a rotational axis X.
  • the impeller IMP rotates during operation in a turbo-machine, in particular in a turbo-compressor TC around the rotational axis X.
  • Said impeller IMP comprises a based element BE of a base material BM comprising blades BLA being arranged along a circumferential direction CDR of said rotational axis X.
  • These blades BLA comprise a leading edge LE and a trailing edge TE.
  • the terms 'leading edge LE' and 'trailing edge TE' refer to a process fluid flow direction during operation for which the impeller IPM is fluid dynamically designed.
  • Said leading edge LE and said trailing edge TE belong to a surface treatment zone STZ.
  • a layer system LSY is provided to said surface treatment zone STZ.
  • This layer system LSY is shown in figure 4 schematically in a longitudinal section in detail in a border area (shown as a detail in Figure 4 ) of said base element BE.
  • Said layer system LSY comprises said base material BM of said base element BE and extends in said border area of said base element BE up to an outer surface OSF.
  • said layer system LSY comprises three layers of cladding material, a first layer LCM1, a second layer LCM2 and a third layer LCM3. This number of layers is an example which what was found to be advantageous.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically the steps of the method according to the invention to produce a layer system LSY as part of a base element BE here an impeller IMP.
  • this example of figure 3 refers to the impeller IMP but basically includes the generation of a layer system according to the invention to other parts as well preferably rotating parts of turbo-machines.
  • step 0 a raw part is provided, which is subsequently machined into the basic shape of an impeller IMP during steps 1), 2).
  • step 2) a surface treatment zone STZ is defined.
  • the impeller IMP is machined with additional grooves in the area of the leading edge LE and the trailing edge TE belonging to the surface treatment zone STZ of the base element BE. These additional grooves respectively recesses RE are provided to avoid any protrusion due to the provision of the layer system LSY in this areas.
  • the final impeller IMP is meant to have the same fluid dynamic properties as any conventional impeller IMP.
  • step 3) a) the surface treatment zone STZ defined during step 2) is transformed at least partly into said layer system LSY by the substeps of: 3)a) cladding at least one layer of cladding material LCM1-LCMn to said base material BM of said surface treatment zone STZ.
  • step 3)a)a) a heat treatment is performed at 570°C for 2 hours to reduce stresses caused by the welding procedure of the cladding. Any deformations are eliminated during machining in step 3) a) b).
  • step 3) b) shot peening in the area of said layer system LSY is performed to improve surface hardness.
  • step 4 In case of producing a closed impeller configuration including a shroud section SRS said shroud section SRS is mounted to the blade's tips of the base element BE preferably by welding. Subsequently a heat treatment and final machining is performed during step 4) a). After not illustrated optional steps of balancing and overspeeding the impeller IMP is mounted during assembly in a turbo-compressor TC in step 5). Between all these steps of the method several examinations may be performed to detect any material defects like cracks, in particular magnetic particle examinations can be done as non-destructive examination procedures.
  • the resulting impeller IMP including the layer system LSY applied by gas tungsten arc welding cladding of Stellite 21 powder onto the base element BE or base material X3CrNiMo13-4 results in an erosion resistant rotating part having partly a high hardness of approximately 690HV0.01 after heat treatment. In these critical areas of the surface treatment zones STZ the impeller surface is therefore harder than the maximum particle hardness of approximately 600hv0.01.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Impulseur (IMP) d'un turbocompresseur (TC) centrifuge, l'impulseur (IMP) comprenant un élément (BE) de base en un matériau (BM) de base comprenant des aubes (BLA) disposées suivant une direction (CDR) circonférentielle d'un axe (X) de rotation,
    les aubes (BLA) comprenant un bord (LE) d'attaque et un bord (TE) de fuite, dans lequel
    le bord (LE) d'attaque et le bord (TE) de fuite appartiennent à une zone (STZ) de traitement de surface, dans lequel au moins une partie de la zone (STZ) de traitement de surface est un système (LSY) à couche, comprenant un matériau (BM) de base d'un élément (BE) de base, le système (LSY) à couche s'étendant dans une zone de bord de l'élément de base jusqu'à une surface (OSF) extérieure,
    dans lequel le système (LSY) à couche comprend au moins une couche de matériau (LCM1-LCMn) de placage prévue sur le matériau (BM) de base,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    au moins la couche la plus à l'extérieur du matériau (LCMn) de plaquage appartient, au moins en partie, à une couche (CRSL) de contrainte résiduelle de compression,
    dans lequel la couche (CRSL) de contrainte résiduelle de compression s'étend de la surface (OSF) extérieure au moins dans la couche la plus à l'extérieur du matériau (LCMn) de placage.
  2. Impulseur (IMP) suivant la revendication 1,
    dans lequel la couche ou les couches de matériau (LCM1-LCMn) de placage est (sont) obtenue (s) par un soudage (GTAW) à l'arc sous gaz protecteur avec électrode de tungstène.
  3. Impulseur (IMP) suivant la revendication 1 ou 2,
    dans lequel le matériau (BM) de base est X3CrNiMo13-4 (1.4313).
  4. Impulseur (IMP) suivant les revendications 1, 2 u 3,
    dans lequel le matériau d'au moins une couche du matériau (LCM1-LCMn) de placage est la stellite 21.
  5. Impulseur (IMP) suivant la revendication 1,
    dans lequel l'élément (BE) de base comprend une partie (HSC) de moyeu et des aubes (BLA) d'impulseur partant radialement et/ou axialement de la partie (HSC) de moyeu.
  6. Procédé de fabrication d'un impulseur (IMP) ayant un système (LSY) à couche suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    comprenant les stades suivants :
    1) usinage d'un élément (BE) de base en un matériau (BM) de base,
    2) définition des zones (STZ) de traitement de surface,
    3) transformation d'au moins une partie de la zone (STZ) de traitement de surface en un système (LSY) à couche par les sous-stades de :
    a) placage d'au moins une couche de matériau (LCM1-LCMn) de placage sur le matériau (BM) de base de la zone (STZ) de traitement de surface,
    b) grenaillage d'au moins la région de la zone (STZ) de traitement de surface dans la région du système (LSY) à couche.
  7. Procédé suivant la revendication 6,
    dans lequel on effectue un autre sous-stade :
    c) traitement thermique de l'élément (BE) de base.
  8. Procédé suivant la revendication 7,
    dans lequel on effectue un autre sous-stade :
    d) usinage final de l'élément (BE) de base.
  9. Procédé suivant au moins l'une des revendications 6 à 8 précédentes,
    dans lequel on effectue un autre stade :
    4) montage d'une partie (SRS) de virole sur l'élément (BE) de base.
  10. Procédé suivant les revendications 6, 7, 8 ou 9,
    dans lequel le matériau (LCM1-LCMn) de placage en couche est/sont obtenu (s) par un soudage ((GTAW) à l'arc sous gaz protecteur à électrode de tungstène.
  11. Procédé suivant les revendications 6, 7, 8, 9 ou 10,
    dans lequel le matériau (BM) de base est X3CrNiMo13-4 (1.4313).
  12. Procédé suivant les revendications 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ou 11, dans lequel la couche du matériau (LCM1-LCMn) de placage est en stellite 21.
EP17739949.0A 2016-08-10 2017-07-10 Système de couches, turbine et procédé de production Active EP3472472B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16183478.3A EP3282130A1 (fr) 2016-08-10 2016-08-10 Système de couches, turbine et procédé de production
PCT/EP2017/067260 WO2018028908A1 (fr) 2016-08-10 2017-07-10 Système de couches, turbine, procédé de production

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3472472A1 EP3472472A1 (fr) 2019-04-24
EP3472472B1 true EP3472472B1 (fr) 2020-04-22

Family

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16183478.3A Withdrawn EP3282130A1 (fr) 2016-08-10 2016-08-10 Système de couches, turbine et procédé de production
EP17739949.0A Active EP3472472B1 (fr) 2016-08-10 2017-07-10 Système de couches, turbine et procédé de production

Family Applications Before (1)

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EP16183478.3A Withdrawn EP3282130A1 (fr) 2016-08-10 2016-08-10 Système de couches, turbine et procédé de production

Country Status (4)

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EP (2) EP3282130A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109642583A (fr)
RU (1) RU2708187C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018028908A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3708774A1 (fr) * 2019-03-13 2020-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Aube directrice et cascade fixe pour une turbomachine

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CA2483528C (fr) * 2002-10-09 2015-07-21 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Element rotatif et procede d'enduction dudit element
FR2861143B1 (fr) * 2003-10-20 2006-01-20 Snecma Moteurs Aube de turbomachine, notamment aube de soufflante et son procede de fabrication
GB0425088D0 (en) * 2004-11-13 2004-12-15 Holset Engineering Co Compressor wheel
US7304266B2 (en) * 2004-12-09 2007-12-04 General Electric Company Laser shock peening coating with entrapped confinement medium
CN100540208C (zh) * 2006-12-22 2009-09-16 沈阳大陆激光技术有限公司 一种离心压缩机流道叶片的修复工艺
US8471168B2 (en) * 2008-06-19 2013-06-25 General Electric Company Methods of treating metal articles and articles made therefrom
DE102009043097A1 (de) * 2009-09-25 2011-03-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Laufschaufel zur Verwendung in Zweiphasenströmungen sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen einer solchen Laufschaufel
GB2475533B (en) * 2009-11-21 2016-04-13 Cummins Turbo Tech Ltd Compressor wheel
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3282130A1 (fr) 2018-02-14
WO2018028908A1 (fr) 2018-02-15
EP3472472A1 (fr) 2019-04-24
RU2708187C1 (ru) 2019-12-04
CN109642583A (zh) 2019-04-16

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