EP3465321A1 - Drone adapté a la vision d'une scène eloignée - Google Patents
Drone adapté a la vision d'une scène eloignéeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3465321A1 EP3465321A1 EP17731477.0A EP17731477A EP3465321A1 EP 3465321 A1 EP3465321 A1 EP 3465321A1 EP 17731477 A EP17731477 A EP 17731477A EP 3465321 A1 EP3465321 A1 EP 3465321A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electro
- optical
- camera
- image
- drone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000887 face Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000287531 Psittacidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014510 cooky Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/67—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
- A63H27/00—Toy aircraft; Other flying toys
- A63H27/12—Helicopters ; Flying tops
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U10/00—Type of UAV
- B64U10/10—Rotorcrafts
- B64U10/13—Flying platforms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U20/00—Constructional aspects of UAVs
- B64U20/80—Arrangement of on-board electronics, e.g. avionics systems or wiring
- B64U20/87—Mounting of imaging devices, e.g. mounting of gimbals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/12—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
- G02B3/14—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses of variable focal length
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B13/00—Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras
- G03B13/32—Means for focusing
- G03B13/34—Power focusing
- G03B13/36—Autofocus systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B15/00—Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
- G03B15/006—Apparatus mounted on flying objects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/54—Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/695—Control of camera direction for changing a field of view, e.g. pan, tilt or based on tracking of objects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/90—Arrangement of cameras or camera modules, e.g. multiple cameras in TV studios or sports stadiums
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications
- B64U2101/30—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications for imaging, photography or videography
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
- G02B26/005—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting
Definitions
- the present description relates to drones adapted to the vision of a remote scene, and more particularly to light drones, typically less than 25 kg.
- the present disclosure also relates to image forming methods using such drones.
- Unmanned aerial vehicles are uninhabited aircraft, remotely piloted and capable of performing specific tasks during their flight.
- Drones originally developed for military applications, are now also developed for civilian purposes, for example for commercial applications or road or agricultural surveillance applications.
- Drones are generally equipped with a motor, or several rotors driven by respective motors, a series of sensors (accelerometers, gyrometers, altimeter, etc.) and a front camera to capture images of the scene towards which the drone is heading.
- a vertical aiming camera may also be provided to stabilize the drone and / or to capture images of the terrain overflown.
- the front camera is usually a camera called "short focal length".
- a camera with a short focal distance is a camera with an optical system whose focal length is generally less than 35 mm equivalent 24 x 36, corresponding approximately to a diagonal field of 63 °. Cameras with short focal lengths allow shooting at wide field of view, that is to say with an image field wider than a man's field of vision.
- An object of the present description consists in proposing a drone adapted to the vision of a remote scene, whose onboard camera is compatible with the constraints of a light drone, namely a camera having in particular a low mass and a low sensitivity to vibration, and which also ensures a detailed image with a precise focus.
- the present description relates to a drone adapted to the vision of a remote scene, comprising a flying platform and at least a first camera mechanically secured to the platform, in which the first camera comprises:
- an electro-optical system for imaging the scene on the detection surface of the image sensor the electro-optical system being adapted to impart to the camera a diagonal angular field of view of less than 47 ° and comprising:
- At least one first fixed optical group comprising a plurality of optical diopters; an electro-optical device with variable optical power adapted to adjust the focus of the image on the detection surface; and
- Such a drone has the advantage of providing enlarged images of a scene in relation to the vision of a human being, or substantially corresponding to the vision of a human being, with a very good focus, which allows a user to appreciate details of the scene that would not be visible in a wide-angle image.
- the diagonal angular field of the camera less than 32 °, corresponding to a focal length greater than 75 mm equivalent 24 x 36. According to one or more embodiments, the diagonal angular field of the lower camera at 16 °, corresponding to a focal length greater than 150 mm equivalent 24 x 36.
- the electro-optical device adapted to focus adjustment according to the present disclosure may include any device having a variable focal distance by electrical control. Such a device has the advantage over a device that would implement a displacement of an optical element for adjusting the focus, not to be sensitive to vibration.
- the electro-optical device with variable optical power comprises an optical diopter deformable by electrical control; it may be for example a device having an electrically deformable liquid-liquid interface (for example a Varioptic® electro-damping liquid lens) or it may be a device having a deformable polymer membrane ( see eg Polight®, Wavelens®, Optotune® technologies).
- the electro-optical device with variable optical power comprises a liquid crystal device (for example Lensvector® technology).
- the electro-optical device with variable optical power is positioned on the front face of the electro-optical system, the detection surface being positioned on the rear face of said electro-optical system.
- the electro-optical system comprises at least two fixed optical groups, each comprising a plurality of optical diopters, the electro-optical device with variable optical power being positioned between two of said optical groups.
- the electro-optical system comprises at least minus a first positive optical group (optional), on the object side, followed by a second negative optical group, then symmetrically, a third negative optical group and a fourth positive optical group (optional), the electronic device variable optical power optics being positioned between said two negative optical groups.
- the first, second and third optical groups are, for example, optical groups respectively with positive, negative, negative meniscus.
- Positive or negative optical group means an optical group respectively convergent or divergent.
- the drone further comprises a telemetry device capable of measuring a distance between the scene and the electro-optical system, connected to the control unit of the electro-optical device with variable optical power, of in such a way as to allow the autofocus of the image according to the measured distance.
- a telemetry device capable of measuring a distance between the scene and the electro-optical system, connected to the control unit of the electro-optical device with variable optical power, of in such a way as to allow the autofocus of the image according to the measured distance.
- the drone comprises a module for analyzing the sharpness of the image, the image sharpness analysis module being connected to the control unit of the electro-optical device. variable optical power, so that the image can be autofocused according to the sharpness analysis.
- the first camera is pivotally mounted about at least one axis of rotation connected to the flying platform.
- the first camera is rotatable along the three axes of rotation.
- the drone further comprises a second camera of focal length different from that of the first camera, adapted for an observation of the scene with a different field from that of the first camera.
- the present disclosure also relates to image forming methods using drones according to the first aspect.
- the image method further comprises automatically focusing the image by varying the optical power by means of the electro-optical device with variable optical power.
- the automatic focusing of the image comprises:
- the automatic focusing of the image comprises:
- FIG. 1 a general schematic view of an example of a drone according to the present description
- FIGS. 2A and 2B diagrams illustrating an onboard camera and a block diagram of the control of the electro-optical device of the camera, in two exemplary embodiments of a drone according to the present description;
- FIGS. 3A and 3B exemplary embodiments of an electro-optical system of a camera in a drone according to the present description
- FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D exemplary embodiments of an electro-optical system of the type of FIG. 3A, with different positions of the opening diaphragm;
- FIG. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5D different embodiment of an electro-optical system of the drone, according to FIG. 3B;
- FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D are diagrammatic perspective views of examples of articulation of a camera in a drone according to the present description
- FIGS. 7A and 7B functional diagrams illustrating examples of automatic focusing in a camera of a drone according to the present description
- FIG. 8 an example of a drone according to the present description with a first and a second camera.
- FIG. 1 An example of a drone, schematized by a parallelepiped referenced 10, is shown in FIG. 1.
- the drone 10 may be a quadrocopter, a flying wing or any other light drone for taking pictures.
- the drone 10 comprises a platform 20 and one or more rotors 30 mounted on the platform or rigidly attached to the platform.
- the drone 10 is equipped with one or more camera (s) horizontal and / or vertical.
- a camera 40 is shown; in this example it is a horizontal camera, also called frontal camera.
- the camera is adapted to the observation of a scene 100 and is characterized by a diagonal angular field of view 200.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show examples of drone cameras according to the present description.
- the camera 40 comprises an electro-optical system (42, 43) and an image sensor 41, or image detector, with a detection surface 410 of given dimensions.
- the image sensor 41 may be a 1D or 2D sensor, for example of the CCD or CMOS type.
- the electro-optical system comprises at least a first optical group 43, comprising a plurality of optical diopters and an electro-optical device with variable optical power, referenced 42, and called simply thereafter "electro-optical device".
- the electro-optical system formed of the optical group (s) and the electro-optical device defines the diagonal angular field of the camera.
- the electrical signals generated by the image sensor 41 are processed by a processing unit 44, or ISP according to the abbreviation "Image System Processing", for example a microprocessor .
- the ISP can be connected to a control unit 50 of the drone by a control interface of the camera (not shown).
- the ISP can be integrated into the control unit of the drone or connected to a control unit external to the drone (remote control), by a wireless communication means. Remote image processing can also be done offline.
- Each fixed group is formed of a set of several optical diopters; it may for example consist of a fixed lens, convergent or divergent or a set of several fixed lenses, convergent or divergent, assembled with each other to generate a specific optical function. Examples of optical groups will be described later in connection with FIGS. 5A-5D.
- the electro-optical device 42 is an optical device whose optical power, inversely proportional to the focal length, can be modified by varying the electrical voltage applied across the electro-optical device. Such a device has the advantage of being able to focus without mechanical displacement of any of the optical elements constituting said electro-optical device.
- a control unit 420 also called “driver” according to the English expression, used to control the voltage applied to the electro-optical device.
- the electro-optical device with variable optical power comprises an optical diopter deformable by electrical control.
- the electro-optical device with variable optical power comprises a liquid lens electro-wetting, for example a liquid lens as marketed by Varioptic®.
- a liquid lens is based on the deformation of a diopter formed by the interface between two liquids, including an electrically conductive liquid and an electrically nonconductive liquid, by means of the application of an electrical voltage.
- Such a liquid lens described for example in the patent FR2791439 B1, has in particular a significant value of the optical power product x useful aperture diameter, which allows for a range of adjustment of the significant optical power on a device having a opening pupil of large diameter.
- the electro-optical device with variable optical power may also comprise a deformable polymer membrane: it may be, for example, technologies marketed by the companies Polight® and Wavelens®, in which a transparent polymer membrane is controlled by an optical electromechanical microsystem (more simply called MEMs), or technology marketed by the company Optotune®, in a deformable polymer membrane separates two chambers filled with fluids of different refractive indices, the pressure in the two chambers being controlled to deform the polymer membrane.
- MEMs optical electromechanical microsystem
- the electro-optical device with variable optical power comprises a liquid crystal device (for example the technology marketed by Lensvector®).
- the driver 420 for the control of the electrical device can be electrically connected to the ISP 44 (solid line) or can be electrically connected to the control unit of the drone 50 (dotted line) or can also be connected to a unit external control device, for example by a wireless communication means.
- an image processing module integrated in the ISP or in a control unit inside or outside the drone, makes it possible to determine the control voltage to be applied to the electro-optical device 42 on the This is the basis of the image processing thus performed, for example an analysis of the sharpness of the images, as will be described in more detail later.
- a phase detection system integrated in the image sensor, can be used to determine the focus to be achieved and the control voltage to be applied to the electro-optical device 42.
- the drone further comprises a telemetry device 61, 62, able to measure a distance between the scene and the electro-optical system.
- the telemetry device is integrated in the camera.
- the telemetry device more specifically comprises a transmitting / receiving device 61 and a computing unit 62 for determining the distance.
- the transmission / reception device may be based on the emission of a light wave (optical rangefinder or lidar) or a sound wave (sonar) or a radio-frequency wave (radar).
- the computing unit may determine a control voltage to be applied by the control unit 420 to the electro-optical device as a function of the distance measured to automatically focus the control. electro-optical system.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B show two particular examples of electro-optical systems.
- the electro-optical device 42 is represented in the form of a liquid electro-wetting lens symbolized by a liquid-liquid interface 42b and electrodes 42a.
- any other electro-optical device as previously described could be used.
- the optical axis of the electro-optical system is noted ( ⁇ ).
- the solid lines and the dotted lines represent the trajectories of a light beam incident in the electro-optical system following, respectively, a first and a second direction.
- the electro-optical device 42 is positioned upstream of the optical group (s) fixed (s) 43, that is to say on the front face of the electro-optical system, the detection surface 410 being positioned on the rear face of said electro-optical system (so-called "design add-on” arrangement).
- the electro-optical device 42 is positioned between two fixed optical groups 43a (front optical group) and 43b (rear optical group), according to a design called "design add-in”.
- 0mi n the diameter of the opening diaphragm 46 of the electro-optical system.
- 0 O is the diameter of the opening pupil of the electro-optical system in the object space, that is to say the conjugate pupil of the opening diaphragm by the front optical group 43a.
- an aperture diaphragm 46 near the electro-optical device 42 is preferred so as to avoid any vignetting by the electro-optical device.
- An advantage of an electro-optical system of the type shown in FIG. 3A is that it is possible to transform an optical system formed of one or more fixed optical group (s) into an electro-optical system, without modification of the group or groups (s) optical (s) fixed (s) by simply adding the electro-optical device upstream of the system.
- An electro-optical system of the type shown in FIG. 3B (“add in”) requires instead to design the system taking into account for the sizing of the fixed optical group (s), that of the electro-optical device.
- the opening diaphragm 46 of the electro-optical system is close to the electro-optical device 42, that is to say that there is no fixed optical group between the electro-optical device 42 and the opening diaphragm 46.
- FIGS. 4A to 4D show variants of the position of the opening diaphragm in the case of an electro-optical system of the type of FIG. 3 A ("add-on").
- the opening diaphragm is the physical opening of the system which limits the amount of light that can reach the detection surface 410, and which thus makes it possible to control the exposure and the depth of field.
- these same variants can be envisaged for an electro-optical system of the type of FIG. 3B ("add-in").
- the opening diaphragm 46 is close to the electro-optical device 42 while in the case of FIG. 4D, the opening diaphragm 46 is separated from the electro-optical device 42 by an optical group 43a.
- This latter configuration is less advantageous because it requires a large useful aperture diameter for the electro-optical device 42, without this useful opening diameter limiting the opening of the electro-optical system.
- the electrooptical device 42 defines the aperture diaphragm such that the diameter 0mi n of the aperture diaphragm is equal to the useful aperture diameter of the electro-optical device. This configuration makes it possible to optimize the numerical aperture of the electro-optical system for a given diameter of the given electro-optical device.
- FIGS. 5A-5D show exemplary embodiments of particular "add-in" electrooptical systems.
- the electro-optical device 42 is integrated within a Cooke triplet or one of its derivatives (for example the Tessar, Elmar, Taylor2, Heliar derivatives, etc.). ) and in the example shown in FIG. 5D, the electro-optical device 42 is integrated within a so-called "double Gauss" system.
- a Cooke triplet generally comprises a combination of three optical groups, a first convergent optical group 43a, a second divergent optical group 43b and a third convergent optical group 43c, the divergent optical group being placed between the two optical groups.
- Convergent optical groups usually close to the aperture diaphragm.
- a Cooke triplet is an optical combination that allows for good correction of aberrations over a wide field.
- the electro-optical device 42 may be placed upstream or downstream of the diverging optical group 43b, that is to say between the first convergent optical group 43a and the second optical group diverging 43b or between the second divergent optical group 43b and the third convergent optical group 43c.
- the opening diaphragm (not shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B) is located near the electro-optical device 42 and / or the second diverging optical group 43b.
- FIG. 5C represents a derivative of a cookie triplet called "Heliar".
- a Heliar type system is a 5 optical element formula in 3 groups. This is a Cooke triplet enhanced by the split of the 2 extreme convergent elements, which has a field of 50 ° and a good brightness (# 4,5).
- FIG. 5D represents an example of an electro-optical system of double Gauss type within which the electro-optical device 42 is integrated.
- the double Gauss system may comprise a first positive optical group 43a, in this example a positive meniscus optical group of side of the object, followed by a negative second group 43b, in this example a negative meniscus optical group, then, symmetrically, a third negative group 43c, in this example a negative meniscus optical group and a fourth group 43d positive.
- the symmetry of the system and the splitting of the optical power into several elements makes it possible to reduce the optical aberrations in the system.
- the electro-optical device 42 is between the two groups 43b and 43c with negative meniscus, approximately centered.
- the opening diaphragm (not shown) may be positioned in the vicinity of the electro-optical device 42, as in the previously described examples.
- FIGS. 5E to 5L illustrate more precisely embodiments of dual Gauss systems.
- the system may comprise, in the order of the object side towards the side of the image sensor, a first optical group 43a (optional), a second fixed optical group 43b, comprising for example two lenses and three or four optical diopters, the electro-optical device 42, a third fixed optical group 43c comprising for example two lenses and three or four optical dioptres, a fourth optical group 43 d (optional).
- the faces of the second and third groups 43b, 43c vis-à-vis the electro-optical device 42 are concave and the faces of the second and third groups 43b, 43c opposite to the electro-optical device 42 are convex.
- the lenses of the second group and the third group form glued doublets.
- a glass slide or a spectral filter may be disposed between the electro-optical device and one or the other of the second and third optical groups.
- An advantage of such an arrangement is to be able to realize an electro-optical system with an optical aperture pupil diameter larger than the useful optical diameter of the variable power electro-optical device.
- the camera 40 is mechanically secured to the platform 20 of the drone, that is to say mechanically linked to the platform and may be arranged on one side or the other. other platform (above or below). As shown in FIG. 6A, in one or more embodiments, the camera 40 can be fixed by embedding on the platform 20 of the drone or linked by any other suitable means. The camera 40 can also be removable, for replacement purposes for example.
- the electro-optical system of the camera may be positioned along an axis substantially parallel to the X axis, substantially in the plane of the platform, and thus provide a horizontal aim.
- the electro-optical system of the camera 40 may be positioned along an axis substantially parallel to the Y axis in a plane substantially perpendicular to that of the platform, and thus provide a vertical aim.
- the camera 40 may be rotatably mounted relative to the platform 20 of the drone. It can be rotated along a single axis, for example the Z axis, as shown in FIG. 6B, through a pivot link. It can be rotated along two axes, for example along the Y and Z axes, as shown in FIG. 6C, via a finger ball joint. It can also be rotated along the three axes X, Y and Z, as shown in FIG. 6D, via a ball joint. In the examples of FIGS. 6B, 6C and 6D, the camera 40 is said to be multiaxial.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate, according to two examples, the steps of exemplary methods of autofocusing the images in a drone according to the present description.
- FIG. 7A illustrates an autofocusing method of the open-loop images, realized for example by means of a telemetry device as described in FIG. 2B.
- This method comprises, according to an example, a step 710 for measuring the distance between the camera 40 and the scene. From the distance data established for example by the computing unit 62 (FIG 2B), voltage values to be applied to the electro-optical device 42 for focusing are determined, for example from the base of values stored in a correspondence table 720, then transmitted to the control unit 420 (driver) for the control of the electro-optical device. Once the focus is achieved, the focus sequence is considered complete (step 740). A new focus sequence can then be performed for a new image.
- FIG. 7B illustrates another method of autofocusing images.
- the method comprises a closed loop servo of the voltage applied to the electro-optical device by an iterative algorithm made on a series of successive images.
- the method comprises a step 810 of sharpness analysis of an image N and assigns to this image N a sharpness score N.
- a preliminary step may consist in defining a first voltage value to be applied by means of an open-loop focus, such as that of FIG. 7A, described above.
- Step 820 then compares the sharpness score N with the sharpness score of the previous image N-1 or two or more previous images.
- a step 830 then consists in modifying the value of the control voltage of the electro-optical device 42 as a function of the result of the comparison 820. The modification of the control voltage can be determined by means of a dichotomous algorithm.
- a sharpness analysis of the next image N + 1 is then performed (step 840) which determines a sharpness score N + 1.
- a 850 test is to check if the sharpness score has reached a predefined maximum score. If the maximum score is not reached the process is repeated from step 810. If the maximum score is reached, then the focus sequence is completed (step 860).
- the autofocus methods previously described can be combined. It is thus possible to make a first adjustment on the basis of a measurement of the distance and then to refine it by focusing by means of an image processing, for example a sharpness analysis.
- the drone according to the present description comprises a second camera 40B, for example a front camera, integral (or not) with a first camera 40A, for example a front camera, as shown schematically in FIG. 8.
- Cameras can observe the same scene but have different focal lengths for observing different fields of the scene.
- the first camera 40A has a diagonal angular field 200 wider than the diagonal angular field 250 of the second camera 40B.
- One and / or the other of the two cameras comprises an electro-optical device with variable optical power as described above.
- the first and second cameras 40A and 40B may each have a clean processing unit (ISP) or share the same processing unit; as illustrated in FIG. 8, they can be connected to the control unit 50 of the drone.
- the control unit 50 (or the common ISP if applicable) can merge the image data received by the first camera 40A with the image data received by the second camera 40B to generate a zoom effect.
- the fusion of the images can also be performed remotely, offline.
- the drone according to the present description comprises various variants, modifications and improvements which will become obvious to those skilled in the art, it being understood that these different variants, Modifications and improvements are within the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Studio Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1654873A FR3051920A1 (fr) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-05-31 | Drone adapte a la vision d'une scene eloignee |
PCT/EP2017/063026 WO2017207563A1 (fr) | 2016-05-31 | 2017-05-30 | Drone adapté a la vision d'une scène eloignée |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3465321A1 true EP3465321A1 (fr) | 2019-04-10 |
Family
ID=56787562
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17731477.0A Withdrawn EP3465321A1 (fr) | 2016-05-31 | 2017-05-30 | Drone adapté a la vision d'une scène eloignée |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20200322524A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3465321A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN109313335A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3051920A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017207563A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110187418B (zh) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-10-02 | 北京理工大学 | 液膜透镜组合变焦光学系统 |
CN112817133A (zh) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-05-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种基于液体变焦相机的无人机拍摄系统 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2791439B1 (fr) | 1999-03-26 | 2002-01-25 | Univ Joseph Fourier | Dispositif de centrage d'une goutte |
US7646544B2 (en) * | 2005-05-14 | 2010-01-12 | Batchko Robert G | Fluidic optical devices |
IL149934A (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2007-05-15 | Rafael Advanced Defense Sys | Airborne intelligence photography system |
US8786759B2 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2014-07-22 | Motorola Mobility Llc | Method and apparatus for auto-focus using liquid crystal adaptive optics |
US9304305B1 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2016-04-05 | Arete Associates | Electrooptical sensor technology with actively controllable optics, for imaging |
US9274320B2 (en) * | 2011-10-07 | 2016-03-01 | National University Of Singapore | MEMS-based zoom lens system |
FR2985329B1 (fr) * | 2012-01-04 | 2015-01-30 | Parrot | Procede de pilotage intuitif d'un drone au moyen d'un appareil de telecommande. |
CN102891966B (zh) * | 2012-10-29 | 2015-07-01 | 珠海全志科技股份有限公司 | 数码成像设备的对焦方法及装置 |
CN104284095B (zh) * | 2014-10-28 | 2017-07-14 | 福建福光股份有限公司 | 一种长焦距可见光工业镜头的快速自动聚焦方法及系统 |
-
2016
- 2016-05-31 FR FR1654873A patent/FR3051920A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-05-30 CN CN201780034140.2A patent/CN109313335A/zh active Pending
- 2017-05-30 US US16/305,761 patent/US20200322524A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-05-30 WO PCT/EP2017/063026 patent/WO2017207563A1/fr unknown
- 2017-05-30 EP EP17731477.0A patent/EP3465321A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017207563A1 (fr) | 2017-12-07 |
FR3051920A1 (fr) | 2017-12-01 |
CN109313335A (zh) | 2019-02-05 |
US20200322524A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1714179B1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif pour la creation d'images retiniennes utilisant le stigmatisme des deux foyers d'un dioptre sensiblement elliptique | |
EP2248338A1 (fr) | Dispositif optique mixte d'imagerie multi-focale et de calibration ir | |
WO2017207563A1 (fr) | Drone adapté a la vision d'une scène eloignée | |
EP1738135A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif de detection en hyperacuite d'un bord contraste sensiblement rectiligne et systeme de fixation et de poursuite fine de ce bord contraste. | |
CA2701151A1 (fr) | Systeme d'imagerie a modification de front d'onde et procede d'augmentation de la profondeur de champ d'un systeme d'imagerie | |
EP0127914B1 (fr) | Viseur panoramique sans rotation d'image à plusieurs champs | |
FR2724464A1 (fr) | Dispositif embarquable de mesure de retrodiffusion de lumiere | |
EP3489152A2 (fr) | Instrument d'observation comportant un autocollimateur a miroir monte sur viseur d'etoiles | |
EP3170205B1 (fr) | Dispositif de détection de mouvement | |
WO2018014954A1 (fr) | Zoom anamorphique modulaire | |
EP0611454A1 (fr) | Dispositif de microbalayage et camera infrarouge equipee d'un tel dispositif | |
FR3041458A1 (fr) | Dispositif d'imagerie, vehicule automobile equipe d'un tel dispositif d'imagerie, et procede associe | |
EP0610635B1 (fr) | Dispositif optique de calibration pour caméra thermique | |
EP1431730B1 (fr) | Dispositif à surface équivalente laser parfaitement connue | |
EP2840430B1 (fr) | Système de prise de vues stéréoscopique compact | |
EP2388646A1 (fr) | Procede de prise d'image | |
CA3105139A1 (fr) | Viseur optronique et plate-forme associee | |
EP2867716B1 (fr) | Dispositif de surveillance de l'environnement extérieur d'une plate-forme notamment navale, périscope et plate-forme comportant un tel dispositif | |
CA3073617C (fr) | Instrument d'imagerie pour controler une designation de cible | |
EP3170303B1 (fr) | Procédé de traitement de mouvements de hautes fréquences dans un système optronique, système optronique, produit programme d'ordinateur et moyens de stockage | |
EP1555506A1 (fr) | Dispositif de prise d'image assurant une mise au point indépendante de la position de l'objet | |
FR3122262A1 (fr) | Télescope compact pour la détection de débris spatiaux | |
WO2024002965A1 (fr) | Système de détermination de l'atténuation d'une onde lumineuse traversant un volume d'échantillonnage | |
EP4202544A1 (fr) | Viseur dual pour dispositif d'observation | |
FR3118201A1 (fr) | Systeme optique imageur a trois miroirs |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20181129 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20190730 |