EP3455468A1 - Gaswechselventil - Google Patents
GaswechselventilInfo
- Publication number
- EP3455468A1 EP3455468A1 EP16720876.8A EP16720876A EP3455468A1 EP 3455468 A1 EP3455468 A1 EP 3455468A1 EP 16720876 A EP16720876 A EP 16720876A EP 3455468 A1 EP3455468 A1 EP 3455468A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- gas exchange
- layer
- nickel
- exchange valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001235 nimonic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 36
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000181 anti-adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas exchange valve of an internal combustion engine with a valve disk and a valve stem, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention also relates to a method and a
- a side of the valve disk facing away from a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is provided with a catalytic coating and a surface of the valve stem adjoining the valve disk is provided with an antiadhesive coating.
- gas exchange valves in internal combustion engines are exposed to high thermal and / or mechanical loads.
- thermal loads for example due to oils, lubricants or other substances, also play a decisive role, since these can often have a negative effect on the corrosion resistance and thus the resistance to wear.
- the present invention therefore deals with the problem of providing for a gas exchange valve of the generic type an improved or at least one alternative embodiment, which is characterized in particular by an increased wear resistance and increased corrosion resistance. This problem is inventively achieved by the subject matter of
- the present invention is based on the general idea to provide a per se known gas exchange valve of an internal combustion engine with a valve disk and a valve stem, at least on the valve stem at least partially with a galvanically applied nickel-phosphorus layer whose
- Phosphorus content is greater than 10 wt .-%, in particular between 1 1 and 13 wt .-% is. Due to the very high phosphorus content of> 10 wt .-%, a previously unavailable corrosion protection can be achieved. Surprisingly, such a nickel-phosphorus layer has also proved to be particularly effective against intergranular corrosion, hot gas and condensate corrosion. In order to enable such a high proportion of phosphorus, the galvanic liquid must be very well mixed during galvanic coating, so that sufficient phosphorus is present and the deposition of hydrogen which forms during coating of the valve contour, in particular in the region of the valve stem, does not hinder the deposition.
- the nickel-phosphorus layer has a layer thickness of 8 ⁇ ⁇ dnp ⁇ 15 ⁇ on.
- a layer thickness ensures on the one hand a high wear resistance and on the other hand a significantly increased
- Corrosion protection for the gas exchange valve which in particular at a Use as an inlet or outlet valve is exposed not only high thermal and mechanical, but also high chemical loads.
- a nickel strike layer is arranged as an adhesive layer between the gas exchange valve and the nickel-phosphorus layer, in particular to achieve improved adhesion and thus improved bonding of the nickel-phosphorus layer on a high-alloyed valve steel can.
- Such a nickel strike layer usually has only a thickness of 1 to 2 ⁇ , but allows an extremely viable connection of the nickel-phosphorus layer with the gas exchange valve.
- the nickel-phosphorus layer is at least partially covered with a chromium layer.
- the chromium layer is merely purely optional provided and applied as a thin film and is usually tightly closed and crack-free. As a result, the corrosion resistance can be increased again.
- Such an additional and only purely optional chromium layer is provided exclusively if it has to be feared that the wear resistance already improved by the nickel-phosphorus layer, in particular in the case of extreme deficient lubrication states, is insufficient.
- a valve guide region of the valve stem is additionally coated with such a chromium layer, since the mechanical stresses occurring there are particularly high, in addition to the thermal and chemical stresses.
- the chromium layer together with the nickel-phosphorus layer has a thickness of ⁇ 25 ⁇ on. This results in a coating that achieves the best solution in terms of function and cost.
- the present invention is further based on the general idea of specifying a method for coating a gas exchange valve, in which first a nickel strike layer is applied galvanically at least in a valve guide region of the valve stem of the gas exchange valve to be coated.
- This nickel strike layer serves as a bonding agent for a later to be applied in this area nickel-phosphorus layer having a phosphorus content of> 10 wt .-%, in particular with a phosphorus content between 1 1 and 13 wt .-%.
- the nickel strike layer is formed as a thin layer and usually only 1 to 2 ⁇ thick. However, it causes an optimum connection of the corrosion resistance and the
- the high phosphorus content of the nickel-phosphorus layer is responsible for the good corrosion protection and in particular against intercrystalline corrosion, hot gas and condensate corrosion.
- the nickel-phosphorus layer can additionally be at least partially covered with a chromium layer. This is usually crack-free, thereby increasing the corrosion resistance, as well as the wear resistance in deficient lubrication conditions.
- the present invention is further based on the general idea to provide a device for coating a gas exchange valve, which has a galvanic bath with a galvanic liquid and an anode and a cathode disposed therein.
- the anode has a receptacle in which the gas exchange valve to be coated with a valve stem end can be added and centered in particular, wherein the anode additionally has a negative contour to a valve throat of the gas exchange valve and thereby is able to receive the gas exchange valve to be coated fixed in position in the anode.
- a cathode is provided in the electroplating bath, which can be placed flat on the valve disk base and via which the same can be introduced into the gas exchange valve for coating. By contacting the valve disc bottom with the cathode is thus the
- Gas exchange valve itself the actual cathode and the holder, which receives the gas exchange valve and the lattice-shaped area of the gas exchange valve to be coated, in particular the valve stem surrounds the anode. Both are electrodes, the anode is usually a so-called insoluble mixed metal oxide (MMO anode), which offers the advantage in the
- Coating process does not dissolve and thus always guarantees a constant distance to the valve and thereby allows a uniform coating.
- a mixing device such as a propeller or the like may be provided, which ensures that sufficient phosphorus is present and the hydrogen produced during coating and deposited on the valve contour does not hinder the deposition.
- FIG. 1 is a view of an inventive gas exchange valve with a cut detail
- Fig. 2 shows a device according to the invention for coating the
- a gas exchange valve 1 according to the invention of an internal combustion engine, not shown otherwise, has a valve disk 2 and a valve stem 3.
- the gas exchange valve 1 is usually designed as an inlet or outlet valve.
- the gas exchange valve 1 at least on the valve stem 3 at least partially coated with a galvanically applied nickel-phosphorus layer 4 (see also the detailed illustration in Figure 1) whose phosphorus content> 10 wt .-% (weight percent) is.
- the phosphorus content of the nickel-phosphorus layer 4 is even between 1 1 and 13 wt .-%.
- the high phosphorus content is responsible for a good corrosion protection with the nickel-phosphorus layer 4 should protect against intercrystalline corrosion, hot gas and condensate corrosion in particular.
- the nickel-phosphorus layer 4 has a layer thickness of 8 ⁇ ⁇ dNP ⁇ 5 ⁇ .
- a nickel strike layer 5 may be provided between the gas exchange valve 1 and the nickel-phosphorus layer 4. This nickel strike layer 5 is only 1 to 2 ⁇ thick.
- the nickel-phosphorus layer 4 may additionally be coated, at least in regions, with a chromium layer 6, which is applied as a thin layer and is usually designed to be leakproof and crack-free.
- a chromium layer 6 is only purely optional provided that already increased
- the chromium layer 6 together with the nickel-phosphorus layer 4 should have a thickness d ⁇ 25 ⁇ . Since an increased mechanical load occurs in the region 7 of a valve guide, which also requires increased resistance to wear and corrosion, it makes sense to apply the nickel-phosphorus layer 4 according to the invention and optionally additionally the chromium layer 6, in particular in this region 7.
- the gas exchange valve 1 itself is made of a known high-alloy steel, for example X50CrMnNiNbN21 -9 (1.4882) steel, a
- NiCr20TiAI (Nimonic 80A 2.4952) steel or a Nireva 3015 steel.
- the device 8 has a galvanic 9 with a galvanic liquid 10 having an anode 1 1 arranged therein.
- the anode 1 1 has a receptacle 12, in which the gas exchange valve 1 to be coated is accommodated with a valve stem end, and a negative contour 13, which is complementary to a valve throat 14 of the gas exchange valve 1 and thereby rests flat against this.
- a cathode 15 which rests flat on the valve disc bottom of the valve disk 2 and via the current by means of a power source 16 in the gas exchange valve 1 can be introduced.
- the gas exchange valve 1 is thus the actual cathode, via which current flows to the anode 11.
- a mixing device 17 by means of which the
- Electroplating liquid 10 is well mixed during the galvanic coating, so that always a sufficiently high phosphorus content for producing the nickel-phosphorus layer 4 can reach the surface of the valve stem 3. In addition, this is also an undesirable deposition of
- the anode 1 1 is usually a mixed metal oxide (MMO) anode.
- MMO mixed metal oxide
- valve stem 3 but additionally at least the valve throat 14 are coated with the nickel-phosphorus layer 4 according to the invention and optionally additionally with the chromium layer 6 for improved wear and corrosion resistance.
- nickel-phosphorus layer 4 according to the invention with its comparatively high phosphorus content of> 10% and the optional chromium layer 6, a particularly high resistance to wear and corrosion can be achieved, which could not be achieved with previously comparable coatings.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2016/060343 WO2017194091A1 (de) | 2016-05-09 | 2016-05-09 | Gaswechselventil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3455468A1 true EP3455468A1 (de) | 2019-03-20 |
| EP3455468B1 EP3455468B1 (de) | 2021-01-20 |
Family
ID=55913653
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16720876.8A Revoked EP3455468B1 (de) | 2016-05-09 | 2016-05-09 | Gaswechselventil |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3455468B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2017194091A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2745777A (en) * | 1951-12-20 | 1956-05-15 | Armco Steel Corp | Internal combustion engine valves and the like |
| JPH06146825A (ja) * | 1992-11-04 | 1994-05-27 | Fuji Oozx Inc | チタン製エンジンバルブ |
| US5441024A (en) * | 1994-05-09 | 1995-08-15 | Val-Kro, Inc. | Engine valve |
| FR2796399B1 (fr) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-10-05 | Renault | Piece mecanique de friction recouverte d'un revetement triboactif a base de bronzes d'oxydes metalliques |
| DE10358729A1 (de) | 2003-12-15 | 2005-07-21 | Volkswagen Ag | Gaswechselventil für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
| US20060040126A1 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2006-02-23 | Richardson Rick A | Electrolytic alloys with co-deposited particulate matter |
| CN201891919U (zh) | 2010-09-09 | 2011-07-06 | 扬中市阀门厂有限公司 | 一种耐磨耐腐蚀的阀杆 |
| US20130153432A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2013-06-20 | Robert Jones | Amorphous Nickel Phosphorus Alloys for Oil and Gas |
| DE102012202859B4 (de) | 2012-02-24 | 2025-12-31 | Mahle International Gmbh | Ventilsystem zur Ladungswechselsteuerung |
| DE102013203443A1 (de) | 2013-02-28 | 2014-08-28 | Mahle International Gmbh | Metallisches Hohlventil |
| DE102014225741A1 (de) | 2014-12-12 | 2016-07-07 | Mahle International Gmbh | Gaswechselventil |
-
2016
- 2016-05-09 EP EP16720876.8A patent/EP3455468B1/de not_active Revoked
- 2016-05-09 WO PCT/EP2016/060343 patent/WO2017194091A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2017194091A1 (de) | 2017-11-16 |
| EP3455468B1 (de) | 2021-01-20 |
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