EP3446389A1 - Arcing fault recognition unit - Google Patents
Arcing fault recognition unitInfo
- Publication number
- EP3446389A1 EP3446389A1 EP16726311.0A EP16726311A EP3446389A1 EP 3446389 A1 EP3446389 A1 EP 3446389A1 EP 16726311 A EP16726311 A EP 16726311A EP 3446389 A1 EP3446389 A1 EP 3446389A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- fault detection
- arc fault
- difference
- threshold value
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
- H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/28—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/50—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to the appearance of abnormal wave forms, e.g. ac in dc installations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/44—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to the rate of change of electrical quantities
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arc fault detection unit, a circuit breaker, a short-circuiter and a method for arc fault detection.
- low-voltage circuits or low-voltage systems respectively low-voltage networks, i. Circuits for voltages up to 1000 volts AC or 1500 volts DC, short circuits are usually associated with arcing faults occurring, such as parallel or serial arcs. Particularly in high-performance distribution and switchgear installations, these can lead to disastrous destruction of equipment, plant components or complete switchgear if the shutdown is not sufficiently fast. In order to avoid a prolonged and large-scale failure of the power supply and to reduce personal injury, it is necessary such arcs, especially high-current or parallel arcs, to detect and delete in a few milliseconds. Conventional power system protection systems (e.g., fuses and circuit breakers) can not provide reliable protection under the required timing requirements.
- Conventional power system protection systems e.g., fuses and circuit breakers
- Circuit breakers are used, in particular in low-voltage systems, usually for currents of 63 to 6300 amperes. More specifically, closed circuit breakers, such as molded case circuit breakers, are used for currents of 63 to 1600 amperes, more particularly 125 to 630 or 1200 amperes. Open circuit breakers or air circuit breakers, such as Air Circuit Breaker, are used in particular for currents of 630 to 6300 amperes, more particularly of 1200 to 6300 amps. Circuit breakers according to the invention may in particular an electronic trip unit, also referred to as Electronic Trip Unit, short ETU, have.
- ETU Electronic Trip Unit
- Circuit breakers monitor the current passing through them and interrupt the electrical current or energy flow to an energy sink or consumer, which is referred to as tripping, when current limit values or current-timeout limits, i. if a current value exists for a certain period of time, be exceeded.
- tripping when current limit values or current-timeout limits, i. if a current value exists for a certain period of time, be exceeded.
- the determination of tripping conditions and the tripping of a circuit breaker can be carried out by means of an electronic tripping unit.
- Short-circuiters are special devices for short-circuiting cables or busbars in order to produce defined short circuits for the protection of circuits or systems.
- Conventional arc fault detection systems evaluate the light emission generated by the arc and hereby detect the arc fault.
- optical waveguides or optical detection systems have to be routed parallel to the electrical lines or busbars in order to detect any arcing faults which may occur.
- Object of the present invention is to show a way to detect arcing.
- a fault arc detection unit for a low-voltage electrical current circle at least one voltage sensor, for the periodic determination of electrical voltage values (un, un-1) of the electrical circuit, and an evaluation unit connected thereto.
- the evaluation unit is designed in such a way that the change in the voltage over time is determined from the determined voltage values. The change of the voltage after the time is compared with threshold values and when exceeding or falling below a threshold value, an arc fault detection signal is emitted.
- a first threshold value (SW1) of the change in the voltage when a first threshold value (SW1) of the change in the voltage is exceeded, an arc fault detection signal can be emitted after the time.
- a second threshold value (SW2) of the change in the voltage when a second threshold value (SW2) of the change in the voltage is undershot, an arc fault detection signal can be emitted.
- SW1 first threshold value
- SW2 second threshold value
- the amounts of both threshold values can be identical, whereby the sign differs.
- the evaluation unit is designed in such a way that a voltage difference (dun) is continuously determined from two temporally successive voltage values (un, un-1).
- the voltage difference (dun) is divided by the time difference (dtn) of the voltage values (un, un-1).
- the thus determined difference quotient (Dqun) is, as a measure of the change of Voltage after time, compared with the first threshold (SW1). If this is exceeded, an arcing fault detection signal is emitted.
- the evaluation unit is designed in such a way that a voltage difference (dun) is continuously determined from two temporally successive voltage values (un, un-1).
- the voltage difference (dun) is divided by the time difference (dtn) of the voltage values (un, un-1).
- the difference quotient (Dqun) determined therefrom is compared with the second threshold value (SW2) as a measure of the change of the voltage after the time. If it is undershot, an arc fault detection signal is emitted.
- the evaluation unit is designed such that continuously from two consecutive voltage values (un, un-1) a voltage difference (dun) is determined.
- the voltage difference (dun) is divided by the time difference (dtn) of the voltage values (un, un-1).
- the amount of the difference quotient (Dqun) determined therefrom is compared with the first threshold value (SW1) as a measure of the change of the voltage after the time. If it is exceeded, an arcing fault detection signal is emitted.
- Threshold there is a fault arc detection signal. Thus, a possibility of investigation for both positive and negative voltage changes or jumps is available.
- At least one current sensor is provided, which determines the electrical current of the circuit, and is connected to the evaluation unit. This is designed such that the current must exceed a third threshold (SW3) in order to deliver an arcing fault detection signal. That another criterion must be met, exceeding the third threshold (SW3), before a fault arc detection signal is emitted.
- SW3 third threshold
- a circuit breaker for a low-voltage electrical circuit is further provided.
- This has an inventive arc fault detection unit.
- This is connected to the circuit breaker, wherein these are designed such that when delivering a fault arc detection signal triggers the circuit breaker, that interrupts the electrical circuit.
- a cancellation of the arc fault can be achieved.
- the circuit breaker has an electronic trip unit, a very rapid tripping of the circuit breaker can be achieved in the presence of an arcing fault detection signal.
- This has the particular advantage that a circuit breaker is extended by a further, advantageous functionality for the protection of electrical systems.
- the detection and shutdown of arcs takes place advantageously in a device.
- existing assemblies such as voltage and / or current sensors, power supply, microprocessors for the evaluation, etc. co-use and thus achieve synergies.
- a short-circuiter comprising an arc fault detection unit which is connected to the short-circuiter.
- These are designed in such a way that when an arcing fault detection signal is emitted, the short-circuiting device short-circuits the electrical circuit in order to effect a quenching of the arcing fault.
- a method for detecting arcing for an electrical circuit.
- electrical voltage values (un, not 1) of the electric circuit are determined.
- the continuous change of the voltage after the time is determined. If this exceeds a first threshold value (SW1), for example in the case of a positive change in the voltage after time, or if it falls below a second threshold value (SW2), for example in the event of a negative change in the voltage after the time, an arc fault detection signal is emitted.
- SW1 first threshold value
- SW2 for example in the case of a positive change in the voltage after time
- SW2 for example in the event of a negative change in the voltage after the time
- Figure 1 is a diagram of the temporal voltage and current profile after arc ignition
- FIG. 2 shows a flow chart for fault arc detection
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a solution according to the invention.
- Figure 4 is a first illustration for explaining the use of the invention
- Figure 5 is a second illustration for explaining the use of the invention
- Figure 6 is a third illustration for explaining the use of the invention.
- FIG. Figure 1 shows an illustration of a diagram in which the time course of the electrical voltage (U) and the electric current (I) after ignition of an arc or arc fault, in particular parallel Arc fault, in an electrical circuit, in particular low-voltage circuit, is shown.
- the time (t) is shown in milliseconds (ms) on the horizontal X-axis.
- the size of the electrical voltage (U) in volts (V) is shown on the vertical Y-axis on the left scale.
- the right scale shows the magnitude of the electric current (I) in amperes (A). After arc ignition, the current (I) is approximately sinusoidal.
- the voltage (U) shows in a first approximation a rectangular course, instead of a usually sinusoidal course. Deviating from a pure sinusoidal voltage curve, turns in circuits or networks in which burns an arc, a highly distorted voltage waveform.
- a rectangular shape can be seen in the voltage curve, which is superimposed with a sinusoidal component - due to the voltage drop between the measuring point and the arc - and shows a high stochastic component on the plateau.
- the rectangular shape is characterized in that, during the arc ignition and in the subsequent voltage zero crossings of the alternating voltage, significantly increased voltage changes occur, which are referred to below as a voltage jump, since the increase in the voltage change is considerably greater in comparison to a sinusoidal voltage characteristic. According to the invention such voltage changes or
- Voltage jumps are detected and then a Störlicht- arc detection signal are emitted.
- a detection approach can take place in that voltage jumps are detected during the arc ignition and the subsequent voltage zero crossings. For example, this can be done a difference calculation.
- the measuring frequency or sampling frequency of mean voltage values (un, un-1) should be a multiple of the frequency of the AC voltage, for example in the range 1 to 200 kHz, more specifically in the range 10 to 40 or 60 kHz, in particular in the range 40 to 50 kHz should be.
- a difference calculation is then performed, for example, whereby a difference quotient (Dqun) is calculated for each sample of the voltage (un).
- Dqun a difference quotient
- the difference of the current voltage sample (un) to the previous voltage sample (un-1) is formed.
- This difference quotient (Dqun) is compared with a threshold value (SW) as a measure of the change of the voltage after the time. When the threshold condition is met, an arcing fault detection signal occurs.
- the sign of the threshold value must be taken into account and adjusted accordingly.
- the voltage values were measured 30 volts (un-1) and 50 volts (un) with the time interval of 20 ys, which corresponds to a sampling frequency of 50 KHz.
- the first threshold value could be, for example, 0.5 V / ys.
- the determined difference quotient 1 V / ys is above the 0.5 V / ys.
- an arcing fault detection signal is output.
- a corresponding evaluation is shown in FIG. According to FIG. 2, in a first step (1), the continuous calculation of the differential quotient voltage takes place
- the calculation can be carried out continuously.
- the comparison with positive values with respect to the exceeding of a first, for example positive, threshold value (SW1) takes place and / or with negative values with respect to the undershooting of a second, for example negative, threshold value ( SW2). That if the amount of the negative deviation is greater in number than the amount of the negative threshold.
- an amount (positive) of the change in the voltage can also be formed, which is then compared with the positive first threshold value (SW1) and, when exceeded, an arcing fault detection signal is emitted.
- a display can also be made between "no burning arc fault” and “burning arc fault” or a corresponding distinction can be made in the plant.
- the voltage profile-dependent arc fault detection according to the invention can be combined with other criteria.
- be defined For example, with a measurement of the electrical current of the circuit.
- another sensor for measuring current is provided in the electrical circuit.
- the measured current in particular the rms value of the measured current, which can be calculated, for example, according to the method of Mann-Morrison, is compared here with a third threshold value (SW3) and only if this third threshold value (SW3) is also exceeded Criterion for an arc fault detection signal is met, such is also issued.
- SW3 third threshold value
- Criterion for an arc fault detection signal is met such is also issued.
- the threshold value for the overcurrent release can be a value dependent on the operating current.
- the threshold could also be specific to the arc, since for a burning low-voltage arc, an arc current of usually at least 1000 A, for parallel arcs, and currents from 1 A, for serial arcs, are present. That the third threshold value SW3 can be set from 1 A, 10 A, 100 A, 1000 A, 5000 A depending on the application or application.
- the first and / or second threshold value SW1, SW2 could also be determined as a function of the setting of the third threshold value SW3. That for large amounts of the third threshold, the amounts of the first and second thresholds are also high.
- FIG. 3 shows a representation in which the determined voltage U of the circuit is fed to a first evaluation unit (AE1) for determining arcing faults.
- the determined current I of the electric circuit is fed to a second evaluation unit (AE2) for determining a current condition, such as exceeding the third current limit value (SW3).
- the outputs of both units are connected with an AND Unit (&) linked, the output of which outputs an arc fault detection signal (SLES) when both criteria are met.
- & AND Unit
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an overview circuit diagram for a system configuration with outlet-selective fault arc detection unit for the detection of arc fault.
- FIG. 4 shows a low-voltage feed NSE, with fuses SI, which are followed by busbars or busbars LI, L2, L3 for the conductors of a three-phase alternating current network or electric circuit. The neutral conductor or neutral is not shown.
- Each of the three busbars LI, L2, L3 is assigned a voltage sensor SEU1, SEU2, SEU3 and a current sensor SEI1, SEI2, SEI3.
- the busbars are connected to a switching and / or distribution SVA.
- the voltage and current sensors are connected to an inventive arc fault detection unit SEE, which has an evaluation unit AE according to the invention. This has an output for outputting an arcing fault detection signal SLES.
- the voltage and current sensors determine voltage (un, un-1) and current values (in, in-1) of the bus bars LI, L2, L3 and feed them to the fault arc detection unit SEE according to the invention.
- the sensors are arranged outside Störlichtbogenerkennungs- unit and connected to this.
- FIG. 5 shows a further schematic representation of an overview circuit diagram for a system configuration with a central fault arc detection unit for the detection of an arc fault.
- Figure 5 shows a low voltage feed NSE followed by a feed cable ELT1 followed by a feed switch ESCH followed by a current sensor SEI1 and a voltage sensor SEU1 followed by a bus bar SS.
- Three outlets ABG I ABG II and ABG III are planned on the busbar SS. These are each assigned an outgoing cable ALT1, ALT2, ALT3.
- the sensors SEI1, SEU1 are connected to a fault arc detection unit SEE whose output is in turn connected to the supply switch ESCH.
- the feed switch can be a circuit breaker.
- FIG. 6 shows an illustration according to FIG. 5, with the difference that the sensors are arranged in the second outlet ABG II, which also has fuses SI and a short-circuiting device KS.
- the sensors SEI1 and SEU1 detect current and voltage values of the outlet ABG II and pass them on to the fault arc detection unit SEE. If the fault arc detection unit SEE detects an arc fault, an arc fault detection signal is output at its output and transmitted to the short-circuiting device KS. This then closes the outlet ABG II briefly to extinguish the arc.
- the arc fault detection according to FIG. 5 or 6 can be implemented, for example, as a mobile system.
- arcs in particular parallel or high-current, in particular in low-voltage switching and distribution systems, can be detected.
- a numerical solution or detection algorithm is available on the basis of the evaluation of measured voltage values or signals.
- the voltage is measured and evaluated with the help of a waveform analysis. Because of the rapid arc detection necessary in practice, an extraordinarily fast time evaluation can be provided according to the invention.
- this invention for example, based on a central voltage measurement at the feed high-current arcs, for example, in switching and distribution systems, eg in the low voltage, can be detected quickly.
- the invention can be used particularly advantageously in circuit breakers or short-circuiters.
- a complex installation of optical fibers in systems for arc fault detection is not required.
- the voltage measurement can be implemented centrally and possibly used synergistically by other resources.
- the invention can be realized as a module with a central voltage measurement.
- the detection systems hitherto established on the market are based on optical error detection and thus have potential for false triggering by the action of extraneous light (for example flash light).
- extraneous light for example flash light.
- this potential danger is not present.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2016/062274 WO2017207032A1 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-05-31 | Arcing fault recognition unit |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3446389A1 true EP3446389A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
Family
ID=56096630
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16726311.0A Withdrawn EP3446389A1 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2016-05-31 | Arcing fault recognition unit |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20200328584A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3446389A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109478774A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017207032A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11226357B2 (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2022-01-18 | Landis+Gyr Innovations, Inc. | Electrical arc detection for electric meter socket connections |
CN112564035A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-26 | 威胜信息技术股份有限公司 | Multi-path arc fault detection alarm protection system and arc protection equipment |
CN113156261B (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2022-03-04 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method and system for detecting and positioning series arc fault |
DE102022211760A1 (en) | 2022-11-08 | 2024-05-08 | Fronius International Gmbh | Method and device for detecting a power line defect |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2527381A1 (en) * | 1982-05-19 | 1983-11-25 | Merlin Gerin | ELECTRONIC ARC DETECTION RELAY |
US6987389B1 (en) * | 2000-11-14 | 2006-01-17 | Pass & Seymour, Inc. | Upstream/downstream arc fault discriminator |
US7489138B2 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2009-02-10 | Honeywell International Inc. | Differential arc fault detection |
FR2977677B1 (en) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-08-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | DETECTION OF ELECTRIC ARCS IN PHOTOVOLTAIC FACILITIES |
GB2510871B (en) * | 2013-02-15 | 2016-03-09 | Control Tech Ltd | Electrical protection device and method |
JP5943484B2 (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2016-07-05 | シオン電機株式会社 | Arc discharge prevention system when using DC power supply |
-
2016
- 2016-05-31 WO PCT/EP2016/062274 patent/WO2017207032A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-05-31 EP EP16726311.0A patent/EP3446389A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-05-31 US US16/305,132 patent/US20200328584A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-05-31 CN CN201680087725.6A patent/CN109478774A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017207032A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
US20200328584A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 |
CN109478774A (en) | 2019-03-15 |
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