EP3445924B1 - Verfahren zur errichtung eines gebaüdes mit trockenen mauern - Google Patents

Verfahren zur errichtung eines gebaüdes mit trockenen mauern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3445924B1
EP3445924B1 EP17719939.5A EP17719939A EP3445924B1 EP 3445924 B1 EP3445924 B1 EP 3445924B1 EP 17719939 A EP17719939 A EP 17719939A EP 3445924 B1 EP3445924 B1 EP 3445924B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
joining
building
blocks
grooves
block
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Application number
EP17719939.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3445924A1 (de
EP3445924C0 (de
Inventor
Dennis DEEN
Johan Blom
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B&d Opmeer BV
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B&d Opmeer BV
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Publication of EP3445924A1 publication Critical patent/EP3445924A1/de
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Publication of EP3445924B1 publication Critical patent/EP3445924B1/de
Publication of EP3445924C0 publication Critical patent/EP3445924C0/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/08—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/10—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys
    • E04B2002/0247—Strips or bars

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to building walls, in particular dry walls.
  • Construction of walls from construction blocks using bricks and mortar and the like is generally known. Dry wall constructions are also known.
  • Recent developments are disclosed by, e.g., US 6,000,186 , relating to a drywall construction and means therefor, AU 28415/77 , relating to construction of vertical walls of buildings, FR 2,720,425 , relating to a coupling arrangement for two construction elements, connecting pieces and construction elements adapted for such an arrangement, NL 1019433 , relating to an assembly of stackable building stones, building stones and coupling element of the assembly, and the product "FixBrick" of company Earth and Eternity B.V.
  • FR 2575268 relating to moulded bricks for stabilisation of dikes, horticultural installations etc. and US 4,986,048 , relating to a method for erecting a glass block wall, and US 5,193,320 relating to a masonry laying device.
  • GB 1534501 discloses a building method.
  • NL 1015570 relates to a method for stacking of a wall built from separate elements such as bricks;
  • WO 03/010396 relates to a system of stackable blocks as well as blocks and a joining element of the system;
  • US 5,802,792 relates to drywall construction and means therefor; and US 2,641,921 relates to interlocking bricks.
  • first and second grooves relative to the same reference When forming the first and second grooves relative to the same reference, they may be formed simultaneously relative to the same reference.
  • the building block and the reference When forming the first and second grooves relative to the same reference, the building block and the reference are preferably positioned and oriented with respect to each other in the same predetermined position and orientation in at least one relative direction, more preferably being in the same relative position and orientation, so that the reference relates to positions and orientations with respect to the building block in a predetermined and reliable manner.
  • the building blocks when stacked, at least the building blocks are separate from each other and preferably, in each vertical pair the respective blocks do not support each other apart from at the support surfaces, preventing interference with the accurate positioning governed by the support surfaces.
  • the support surfaces of a groove may be formed by the bottom of the groove.
  • first and second grooves By forming the first and second grooves to the same reference, accurate control over the position and/or orientation of the respective support surfaces is facilitated.
  • the relative positions and/or orientations of the first and second grooves are defined to a high precision at a relatively low cost.
  • dry wall buildings suffer from tolerance stacking, wherein size fluctuations of elements of different layers add up so that after several layers the wall may deviate from its intended size, in particular its height. This may be acceptable for free-standing objects, dikes and horticulture etc., but not for houses, offices etc.
  • the joining blocks may be made to accuracy by the same techniques as the building blocks or other techniques providing uniformity, wherein the uniformity may be masked by the building blocks. Cost benefits due to the speed and ease of the method are considered to outweigh possible elevated costs for manufacturing the building blocks and joining blocks over traditional materials like (mortar and) bricks without further processing thereof.
  • a second groove of the grooves is formed, in particular cut, into the respective side of the building block such that at least one of a position, shape and orientation of the support surface in the building block of said second groove is determined by at least one of a position, shape and orientation in the building block of the support surface of at least a first groove of the grooves.
  • the first groove is formed, in particular cut, into a first side of the building block, wherein at least one of the position, shape and orientation of the first groove in the building block is determined relative to a reference, in particular a reference surface, and the second groove is cut into the building block in at least one of a predetermined position, a predetermined shape and a predetermined orientation, relative to the reference, in particular providing a predetermined vertical separation from the first groove.
  • Cutting techniques e.g. one or more of hacking, sawing, milling, drilling, grinding, polishing, etching, etc. have proven to allow reliable manufacturing for forming grooves in building material, which itself may have a rough outer shape.
  • post-processing enables use of otherwise more or less irregularly shaped building blocks.
  • Milling and/or sawing can generally be performed at great speed also on site in a construction site.
  • the second groove is cut into the building block by relative movement of the building block and a cutting tool, and wherein the position and/or motion of the cutting tool is controlled with respect to the support surface of the first groove and/or the reference, if applicable.
  • the control can be active, e.g. as in controlled machining, or passive, e.g. wherein deviation from a predetermined setting is monitored and corrective measures are taken when required, also, the control can be done by a worker and/or it can be at least partly machine controlled e.g. as in CNC-machining.
  • the reference is provided by one or more objects, e.g. a rib, a rail, a conveyor belt, one or more rollers, or a combination thereof
  • the building block is placed over the reference, the position and/or motion of the cutting tool is controlled with respect to the reference, and the building block or the cutting tool is moved with respect to the reference.
  • the building block is slid and/or rolled over the reference underneath a cutting tool that is stationary with respect to the reference. This facilitates the manufacturing by reduction of a number of moving parts, e.g. to just the part to be worked.
  • the cutting tool as a whole may be stationary while an operably cutting part of the cutting tool, e.g. a drill bit, a mill bit, a saw blade etc., is moving about a stationary position.
  • an operably cutting part of the cutting tool e.g. a drill bit, a mill bit, a saw blade etc.
  • opposite top and bottom sides of the building blocks comprise plural such grooves containing a support surface
  • opposite top and bottom sides of the joining blocks comprise plural such structures fitting the grooves of the building blocks and having support surfaces.
  • plural first grooves and/or second grooves may be formed in one building block simultaneously, accelerating manufacturing.
  • grooves of one or both sides of the building blocks may differ in any of shape, size, position and/or orientation relative to another groove and/or to a portion of the building block.
  • grooves of one or both sides of the building blocks may be one or more of extending parallel, being of identical shape, being of identical size, and having their respective support surfaces extending in a common plane in a vertical and/or horizontal direction relative to a regular position of the building block in the wall.
  • the structures of one or both sides of the joining blocks may differ and they may be one or more of extending parallel, being of identical shape, being of identical size, and having their respective support surfaces extending in a common plane in a vertical and/or horizontal direction relative to a regular position of the joining block in the wall. This may facilitate production and it may further increase stability of the building block and of the wall as a whole.
  • the respective support surfaces are substantially planar in a horizontal plane in operably stacked position of the blocks.
  • the grooves may extend over an entire length of the respective top and/or bottom side, in which case they may have open ends. This facilitates positioning of the building blocks and it facilitates manufacturing by sliding the block over the reference as explained elsewhere herein.
  • the grooves may extend over less than an entire length of the respective top and/or bottom side. This may facilitate longitudinal alignment of the building block to a reference and/or longitudinal locking of a building block. Further, it may improve aesthetic value of corners and/or other wall ends which may remain unaffected by the grooves in the respective top and/or bottom side. Grooves in one or more of the respective top and/or bottom sides may extend in different directions to each other, in particular perpendicular to each other. This may facilitate longitudinal alignment of the building block to a reference and it may facilitate constructing corners and/or connections of plural walls.
  • the grooves of one of the sides of the building blocks may be first grooves and the grooves of the other one of the sides of the building blocks may be second grooves as specified before, i.e. grooves on one side of the building block may be formed first and the grooves on the opposite side may be formed thereafter based on at least one of the position, shape and orientation of (the support surfaces of) the first grooves. This facilitates manufacturing the building blocks.
  • An embodiment comprises building the wall adjacent another wall and connecting the respective walls together with anchors, wherein the anchors may be attached to the joining blocks and wherein each of the respective walls may be a wall according to at least one embodiment of the method disclosed herein.
  • Anchors may increase stability of the walls with respect to each other and/or assist in aligning the walls relative to each other.
  • accessory objects e.g. water conduits and/or electrical cords, may be supported by the anchors.
  • At least parts of the connected walls may be of the same type and/or construction, or they may differ.
  • Anchors may be fixed by clamping, friction fit, screwing into a joining block and/or building block.
  • An anchor may be used to align a wall relative to another object, e.g. another wall.
  • Suitable anchors may be single objects or be modular, assembled from separate anchor modules.
  • Modular anchors may comprise connector modules on opposite ends and possibly one or more spacers joining the connector modules. Each connector module is formed for fixing the connector module, and for eventually fixing an assembled anchor comprising the respective connector module, by clamping, friction fit, screwing into, and/or hooking or otherwise suitably engaging a joining block and/or building block.
  • Modular anchors may be assembled with modules sized and/or shaped in accordance with actual requirements, e.g. sizes, shapes, thermal and/or strength properties of the construction work.
  • the anchors may be length adjustable, e.g. the modules being connectable in different configurations and/or an anchor module being size adjustable.
  • “adjustable” and the like refers to non-destructive size adjustment, in particular reversible size adjustment (e.g. different from permanent techniques such as cutting a module to smaller size, etc.).
  • the anchors and joining blocks may comprise mated connectors, like one or more posts or recesses on/in a joining block and one or more complementary shaped eyes, hooks, protrusions etc. on an anchor.
  • the building blocks and the joining blocks may be of different materials, e.g. bricks or concrete and, respectively, a polymer material. This may reduce costs and/or it may help mimicking traditional brick and mortar building style. Also, different materials may facilitate attaching objects to the wall using different techniques.
  • Various polymer materials have proven to be sufficiently strong for construction of multiple-storey buildings like houses in which the building blocks are traditional bricks, when the latter are provided with grooves in accordance with the disclosure.
  • the building blocks may be formed by shaping a malleable material and allowing and/or forcing the shaped material to harden, e.g. by one or more processes of drying, curing and baking, and by forming the grooves of the building blocks in the hardened material.
  • other building blocks may be made by cutting, e.g. sawing or hewing, the building block from a larger object e.g. natural stone blocks cut from a rock.
  • the joining blocks may be formed at least partly by moulding and/or extrusion processes, e.g. forming the joining blocks by extrusion of a polymer material, e.g. a polyolefin like a polyethylene (PE) and/or a polypropylene (PP), which may be of (ultra-) high molecular weight and/or be reinforced with (glass) fibres, wires, rods and/or other fortification additives.
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • Polyolefins, in particular PE and PP varieties are proven for use in building construction work, e.g. for housing, being heat resistant, fire-safe and readily workable with woodworking tools, and having thermal expansion characteristics similar to those of concrete and/or bricks.
  • Metals may also be used as construction material, in particular for joining blocks.
  • Several metals and alloys can be suitably extruded or moulded, and may readily be formed for construction of buildings, most notably aluminium and aluminium alloys.
  • a suitable concrete material can be processed to a desired shape in a robust form. When the material is wetted it may attach and fix itself to surrounding materials, in particular stone-like materials like concrete and brick, with little to no shape change. However, the adherence is strong and permanent. Hosing a (partly) finished wall may therefore fortify the wall.
  • the joining blocks being received in the building blocks facilitates making that they are less exposed to weather and/or other external influences. Also, it facilitates making the joining blocks smaller than the building blocks, in particular in directions perpendicular to the directions of the wall. This facilitates use of a possibly more susceptible or delicate material than that of the building blocks.
  • the wall joining blocks are receded behind a wall surface defined by side surfaces of building blocks, forming recesses, and wherein the method further comprises filling at least part of the recesses with a filler material.
  • a filler material may serve for structural integration and/or fortification of the wall e.g. by covering the joining blocks, but also or alternatively for decoration and/or adaptation to a masonry style.
  • the filler material may be a malleable material that can harden when inserted into the recess.
  • a filler material may formed one or more preformed objects, e.g. ornamental elements like coloured plates or strips and/or protective elements covering a portion of an adjacent joining block.
  • a building block may be formed at least partially to accommodate such object, e.g. having a widened groove, and/or the filler material may be attached to a joining block.
  • a system for building a wall according to the present disclosure, which comprises the building blocks and the joining blocks and optionally at least one of the cutting tool, the reference and/or an anchor as disclosed.
  • a clamp or anchor may also be provided for anchoring and/or clamping portions of the same wall together, e.g. in vertical and/or horizontal directions. This may fortify a wall. However, it is considered that fortification and/or adhesion between building blocks and joining blocks may not be required for a reliable wall.
  • the system comprises joining plates configured to be accommodated between building blocks in at least one of the building block layers and extending from one joining block layer to an adjacent joining block layer. These joining plates may be used to close off gaps between building blocks adjacent each other in a building block layer.
  • the joining plates may serve for structural integration and/or fortification of the wall, but also or alternatively for adaptation to a masonry style.
  • the building blocks may comprise grooves in lateral sides and/or end sides, relative to top and bottom sides.
  • such grooves may in particular run in a direction from the top side to the bottom sides and more in particular over the entire side.
  • end sides and/or lateral sides of building blocks may be provided with end grooves running in a direction from the top to the bottom sides and joining plates may be provided with protruding structures fitting the end grooves. This may also be employed in a corner, where building blocks meet end side to lateral side, for beautifying and/or fortifying the corner.
  • a method of building a layer is provided, in particular a layer in a wall as described herein, comprising providing building blocks and joining plates,
  • One or more joining plates and joining blocks may comprise mated connectors to provide an interconnection stronger than pure stacking e.g. one or more protrusions and, respectively, recesses, such as ribs and grooves. This facilitates building a wall and may improve robustness of the wall.
  • the mated connectors may provide an interlock in the direction of stacking the wall, providing a vertical fortification.
  • One or more joining plates may comprise the connectors on opposite sides to connect to joining blocks on opposite sides of a building block.
  • the connectors may be formed to provide interconnection of a joining plate to a joining block at several selectable longitudinal positions along the joining block, preferably at arbitrary positions in one or more portions.
  • the connectors may be provided with protrusions and/or recesses, e.g. ribs and/or grooves cooperating with mated grooves and/or ribs, respectively, which ribs and/or grooves may be interrupted and/or continuous. This facilitates adaptation of the position of a joining plate during construction, e.g. in view of sizes of building blocks, of masonry design etc.
  • the connectors may facilitate connection by snapping and/or connection in at least one direction different to a direction of interlocking, e.g. rotary connection, facilitating connection during construction of a wall, yet enabling a strong interconnection.
  • a direction of interlocking e.g. rotary connection
  • Joining plates and/or joining blocks may be provided with recesses or through holes for accommodating an adhesive.
  • a through hole facilitates connection of another object, e.g. an insulation material, and it enables in particular a continuous extension of an adhesive from one building block to an adjacent building block on opposite side of the respective joining block and/or -plate.
  • the adhesive may comprise a cement, a mortar, a concrete, glue, etc. This may facilitate providing additional robustness of the wall; note that building blocks, e.g. bricks, may have different absorption and adhesion to an adhesive than the joining blocks and/or joining plates.
  • a through hole if left at least partially open from an adhesive, may further serve for ventilation and/or draining. Further, recesses and through holes, in particular large ones, reduce material and weight.
  • the grooves extend over an entire length of the respective top and/or bottom side, and in at least some other ones of the building blocks the grooves extend over less than an entire length of the respective top and/or bottom side, and wherein grooves in one or more of the respective top and/or bottom sides first and/or second grooves may extend in different non-parallel directions to each other, in particular perpendicular to each other.
  • Grooves extending over an entire length of the respective top and/or bottom side facilitate manufacturing and stacking; grooves extending along part of a building block and/or grooves in different non-parallel directions may facilitate alignment and/or fixing relative positions and/or connections with other wall portions.
  • the method may comprise use of a joining block, a building block, a joining plate, and relates to building a wall, a wall assembly and a building, e.g. a house or an office.
  • a wall as provided herein, in particular a dry wall may be easily disassembled (de-stacking) with the building blocks and joining blocks being reusable without significant quality loss.
  • the total area of the support surfaces in the groove or grooves in a respective top or bottom side may be well below 50%, in particular in a range of between 1% and 25% and in particular between 5% and 20% of the area of the respective top or bottom side. It has been found that common building blocks like bricks and concrete blocks can readily support their rated weight at such fractions, whereas formation of the grooves may not be complex; e.g. relatively narrow and common cutters like saw blades or mill bits may be used. Also, meeting tolerances, like planarity, of smaller portions of an object and/or surface may be achieved simpler than such tolerances of large surfaces.
  • the volume of the grooves relative to the volume of the building block may be rather small and significantly less than 20%, e.g. in a range of between 0,1% and 10%, e.g. between 0,5% and 5%. This may save cutting tool wear.
  • Figs. 1-4 show, from generally opposite directions, two walls 1 in normal view and exploded view, respectively.
  • the walls 1 are connected in a corner, here in a substantially perpendicular orientation to each other.
  • the walls 1 each have a height in a vertical direction Z, a length in a respective horizontal length direction L and a width in a transverse width direction W, all mutually perpendicular to each other as indicated in each Figure.
  • the walls 1 are formed by stacking alternating layers B, J of building blocks 3, 4 and joining blocks 5 on to each other.
  • the building blocks 3, 4 are shown in more detail in Figs. 5 and 6 , respectively.
  • the joining blocks 5 are shown in more detail in Fig. 7 .
  • Optional joining plates 7 are accommodated between building blocks 3, 4, in the building block layers B and extending from one joining block layer J to an adjacent joining block layer J, as shown in more detail in Fig. 7 .
  • Optional end plates 9 are accommodated between building blocks 4, in the joining block layers J and extending from one building block layer B to an adjacent building block layer B, obscuring an end surface of an adjacent joining block 5.
  • the walls 1 are provided with optional anchors, for connecting the respective wall 1 to another object, e.g. a further wall (not shown).
  • anchors 11-15 are connected to joining blocks 5 and to joining plates 7.
  • Anchors may be connected to the building blocks and/or end plates as well.
  • the anchors may be at least one of barbed, roughened and provided with one or more screw threads for attachment. Threads on opposing ends may be the same or different e.g. having the same or opposite helicity respect to each other and/or having equal or different pitch.
  • the building blocks 3, 4 of the shown embodiments are generally quader-shaped comprising a top side 17 and a bottom side 19 opposite each other, lateral faces 21, 23 opposite each other and end faces 25, 27 opposite each other.
  • the blocks have sizes of length Lbb, width Wbb and height Hbb and, respectively Lbb', Wbb', Hbb'.
  • techniques for forming the building block may generally provide building blocks with less exact and/or smooth surfaces than those shown and other shapes may be used.
  • each groove 29 has a length Lg, a width Wg in the building block.
  • Each groove further has a depth Dge into the building block relative to the surface of the building block 3 on a lateral outside, and a depth Dgi into the building block to the surface of the building block 3 on a lateral inside.
  • the length of the grooves Lg is less than the size of the building block 4 in the respective directions of the grooves.
  • the top and bottom sides of the building blocks 3, 4 are not otherwise processed than formation of the grooves 29, but in some embodiments a lateral inside portion 17i and a lateral outside portion 17e of a building block 3, 4 may be at different vertical levels.
  • a building block 3 is shown wherein all grooves 29 are mutually parallel and parallel to the length direction L of the building block 3.
  • a corner building block 4 is shown, wherein is visible that one pair of grooves 29 extends parallel each other and parallel to the length direction L of the building block 4, but extending over only part of the length of the building block 4.
  • a further pair of grooves 29' extends parallel each other and parallel to the width direction W of the building block 4, extending over only part of the width of the building block 4.
  • the respective grooves 29, 29' intersect each other perpendicularly and end on each other, respectively, forming a straight end corner pattern.
  • the bottom side 19 of the building block 4 is provided with the same pattern and directions of grooves (not visible) as the top side 17 shown in Fig. 6 .
  • different groove patterns may be provided e.g. for joining walls in a T-shape and/or for joining walls in an X-shape (as seen in top view).
  • Indications for positioning and/or orienting a building block and/or joining block with respect to its intended (relative) position and/or orientation in the wall may be provided with markings on and/or in the respective building block and/or joining block, e.g. for decorative purposes and/or for providing a wall to a predefined shape which may be non-planar. Markings may be printed and/or integrated into the shape of the respective block.
  • a building block grooves may be formed asymmetrically in to the top and/or bottom side of a building block, e.g. offset relative to a lateral side face 21, 23 and/or a midplane of the building block.
  • a small rib and/or a groove, not interfering with the support surface(s) may be provided which may be integrated in an extrusion process (e.g. in an extrusion die).
  • All shown grooves 29, 29' contain support surfaces, in the shown embodiment being provided by the respective bottoms 33 of the grooves 29, 29', which here are continuous. In other embodiments, not shown, support surfaces in a groove may be provided in only a portion of the length of a groove and/or may be separated from the bottom of a groove such as by ribs on a lateral wall and/or bottom of a groove etc.
  • Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of two joining blocks 5 and two joining plates 7 in an assembled configuration.
  • the joining blocks 5 have a base 37 and ribs 39 of height Hr perpendicular to the base 37 providing a general H-shape.
  • the base 37 has a height Hb and the total height of the joining block 5 is Hjb.
  • the joining block 5 has a constant shape and size along its length.
  • the top and bottom surfaces 40, respectively, of the ribs 39 form the support surfaces 40 of the joining blocks 75.
  • the joining blocks 5 comprise a number of connectors 41, 43 for connection with an anchor, e.g. anchors 11-15 ( Figs. 1-4 ).
  • the connectors 41, 43 may be or comprise holes, which may be threaded holes.
  • the connectors may comprise recessed grooves that may be curved and/or of varying width in the base and/or the ribs.
  • the joining plates 7 have a shape complimentary to the shapes of the building blocks 3, 4 and the joining blocks 5 as elucidated hereafter.
  • the joining plates 7 may also have one or more connectors 45 for connection with an anchor, e.g. anchors 11-15 ( Figs. 1-4 ).
  • all grooves 29 extend parallel to each other wherein the bottoms 33 of the grooves 29 extend pairwise in a common plane in a vertical and horizontal direction, respectively; the grooves 29 in the top and bottom sides overlapping each other.
  • all grooves 29 and all grooves 29' also extend parallel to each other in the respective mutually perpendicular directions, wherein the bottoms 33 of all grooves 29, 29' are planar and extend in a common plane in a horizontal direction per side (top side, bottom side). In vertical direction the grooves in the top and bottom sides overlap each other.
  • all grooves 29, 29' are formed the same by cutting, see below.
  • the relative orientation and the vertical separation Hss of the support surfaces 33 in the building block 3, 4 is determined to a high precision by determining the position and orientation of the grooves 29 relative to the position and orientation of a portion of one groove 29, in particular an initial groove 29, in the building block, rather than relying on the shape of the building block in other locations, e.g. a surface portion, and rather than forming entire exterior surfaces of the building block to a desired shape and/or size.
  • alternating layers B, J of building blocks 3, 4 and joining blocks 5 are stacked on to each other with the top and bottom sides 17, 19, of vertically adjacent building blocks 3, 4, oriented towards each other.
  • the ribs 39 of the joining blocks 5 are at least partly received in the grooves 29 of overlying and underlying building blocks 3, 4, respectively.
  • the widths Wr and lateral rib separation Wsr of the ribs 39 of the joining blocks 5 should match the widths Wg and lateral gap separation Wsg of the grooves of the respective building blocks 3, 4, possibly with a friction fit, e.g.
  • the reception interlocks the blocks 3, 4; 5 in lateral direction, which is increased by a friction fit.
  • a friction fit may also provide longitudinal locking without requiring adhesive and/or a fastener.
  • the rib 39 may be provided with one or more laterally (W-direction) protruding structures, e.g. one or more bumps, barbs and/or ribs, which preferably is elastically deformable.
  • the respective blocks 3, 4; 5 may be aligned in longitudinal direction in adjacent layers but a staggered laying pattern, as shown, provides strength and stability.
  • the joining blocks may have different length than the building blocks, in particular regular multiples of building block lengths, e.g. 2, 3, or 4 times a building block length.
  • the heights Hr of the ribs 39 relative to the base 37 of the joining block 5 are made such that the heights Hr are equal to or larger than the depth Dgi of the grooves 29 of the building block 3, 4 into which the ribs 39 are to be received.
  • the largest depth Dgi to be expected in case of local depth variations such as will occur in building blocks 3, 4 with varying surface shape, e.g. having a rough and/or erratic surface texture.
  • each vertical pair of a building block 3, 4, and a joining block 5 received therein be it with the building block 3, 4 underneath and the joining block 5 on top or the other way around, the respective support surfaces 33, 40, engage each other and support the respective higher block, e.g. building block 3, 4 or joining block 5, on the respective lower block joining block 5 or building block 3, 4, respectively; i.e.
  • the top support surfaces 33 of the building block 3, 4 engage the bottom support surfaces 40 of the joining block 5 on top of it and support the latter, and the top support surfaces 40 of the joining block 5 engage the bottom support surfaces 33 of the building block 3, 4 on top of said joining block 5 and support that building block 3, 4 and so on and so forth for higher layers J, B which are supported by (the support surfaces of) the layers B, J underneath.
  • the building blocks 3, 4 are separate from each other and in each vertical pair of blocks 3, 4; 5 the respective blocks do not support each other apart from the support surfaces 33, 40. Hence, the stacking height of the wall 1 is well defined and a stable wall 1 is provided.
  • the overall height Hjp of joining plates 7 (surfaces 47) and the height Hjpb of profiled sides of it are equal to or less than the corresponding values Hss + 2 Dgi and Hss, respectively, of the adjacent building blocks 3, 4. Also, the height of the endplate 9 is equal to or smaller than Hss.
  • the joining blocks 5 and joining plates 7 have a smaller width than the building blocks providing recesses in the wall 1 (see Figs. 1-4 ). These recesses may be filled with a filler material, e.g. a finishing cement, mortar, silicone material etc.
  • a filler material e.g. a finishing cement, mortar, silicone material etc.
  • one or more joining blocks 5 and/or joining plates 7 may be provided with a decorative surface and/or structure on a lateral outside to at least partly fill such recess (not shown).
  • top and/or bottom sides may be divided by grooves placed in a range of 5-20% from a lateral face of the block, possibly in a range of 10-15% e.g. dividing the top such that the groove separation Wsg is about 40-50% of the width Wbb of the building block.
  • Suitable sizes may be: building block: length Lbb ca 150-250 mm, e.g. 200 mm, width Wbb of one half Lbb e.g. ca 70-100 mm, height Hbb of about one quarter Lbb or less e.g. ca 20-50 mm, groove width Wg 5-10 mm e.g. 8 mm, groove lateral separation Wsg about 1/3-1/2 times Wbb, e.g. 40-50 mm such as 44 mm symmetric about the block centre, nominal groove depth Dg 20-75 mm, e.g. 50 mm; groove height separation Hss 50-90% Hbb, typically ca 75-80 % Hbb, e.g.
  • joining block length 200 mm or up to several times the length of a building block, e.g. 500-1500 mm, typically about 60-80 cm, or suitable sizes for transportation, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm or 240 cm (e.g. sizes of one or discrete multiples of a standard pallet size and/or lorry size), width Wjb 50-100 mm e.g. 60-70 mm, height Hjb 10-30 mm e.g. 20-22 mm, rib height Hr ca 25-45 % Hjb, e.g. 5-10 mm such as 7 mm, base height Hb ca 5-35 % Hjb, e.g.
  • the height per layer pair J, B / B, J may then be, e.g. 62 mm of which is visible 50 mm of the building blocks and 12 mm separation between adjacent building block layers B.
  • other sizes may be used as desired.
  • very long continuous lengths of joining blocks may be used; possibly up to several meters.
  • the building blocks are free from each other and from the joining blocks apart from the ribs within the grooves with the support surfaces engaging each other.
  • an architect or designer would select a particular building block and the joining block should be suitably sized to fit the selected building blocks.
  • several joining blocks may be used laterally adjacent each other within one joining block layer J supporting the building blocks together.
  • Fig. 8 shows an embodiment with two walls 1 of building blocks 3 and joining blocks 5, which are interconnected with straight anchors 13 in connectors 43 (cf. Fig. 7 ) extending laterally between joining blocks 5 adjacent each other in the respective other wall.
  • the walls fortify one another.
  • Fig. 9 shows another embodiment with two walls 1 of building blocks 3 and joining blocks 5, which are interconnected with U-shaped anchors 49 in connectors 41 (cf. Fig. 7 ); the "legs" of the U-shape are connected in longitudinal connectors 41 and the "base” of the U-shape extends laterally between joining blocks 5 adjacent each other in the respective other wall.
  • the walls fortify one another.
  • the plurality of connectors 41 in the end faces of the joining blocks 5 facilitates size adaptation.
  • Fig. 10 indicates steps of an embodiment of the method disclosed herein.
  • a future building block 51 is provided.
  • the block 51 may have a rough and/or profiled shape and/or surface.
  • the block 51 is placed in a desired position to provide a first side for a subsequent method step.
  • the block 51 is on a support 53 of a cutting tool 55, providing a top side of the block 51.
  • first grooves 57 are formed in the top side of the block 51 by cutting the block 51.
  • the shown cutting tool 55 comprises two parallel cutters 56, e.g. saw blades, for simultaneous cutting of two grooves. For this, the saw blades 55 and the block 51 may be moved relative to each other.
  • the resultant cut block 51 is shown in Fig. 10C .
  • the grooves 57 contain support surfaces 59. For the cutting, care may be taken that the support surfaces 59 of both grooves are planar and in one plane in the block 51.
  • cutting tool 61 comprising a reference 65, here a pair of references 65 is provided, see Fig. 10D .
  • the references may be formed as ribs and/or one or more rollers.
  • the cutting tool 61 comprises a pair of cutters, e.g. saw blades 67.
  • a sensor and a controller, together indicated at 69, are provided to monitor and, if need be, to adjust a relative position, e.g. a distance D, between the reference(s) 65 and a working position of the cutter(s) 67.
  • the support surfaces 59 of the first grooves 57 of the block 51 are positioned relative to the reference, here being brought into contact with the reference 65 by placing the block 51 inverted relative to the previous method steps onto the reference 65 with the support surfaces 59 engaging the reference at the decisive positions.
  • Fig. 10F the cutting tool 61 is used to cut second grooves 73 in the second side of the block 51 wherein the cutters 67 are maintained or controlled to the operating conditions determined before ( Fig. 10D ).
  • Fig. 10G a building block 52 is obtained in which the position and/or orientation of the grooves 57, 71, and more relevant that/those of the support surfaces 59, 73 contained in the respective grooves are accurately determined in a an easy and reliable manner.
  • the cutting steps may be performed by different (sets of) cutters adjacent each other, possibly in one cutting tool, and operating from opposite directions for cutting the first groove(s) and second groove(s) such that inversion of the building block may be obviated.
  • This facilitates that the reference relates to positions and orientations with respect to the building block in a manner that is predetermined and reliable, possibly even constant.
  • Fig. 11 shows a cutting tool 75.
  • Fig. 11A is a side view
  • Figs, 11B, 11C are cross section views as indicated with XIB, XIC, respectively, in Fig. 11A.
  • the cutting tool 75 comprises cutters 77, e.g. mill bits or saws, opposite each other at predetermined, controllable, separation D.
  • the cutting tool 75 comprises a support 79 for supporting the blocks 51 while being formed into building blocks. Opposite the support 79 an optional press 81 is positioned with one or more resilient elements 83 to urge the blocks 51 against the support 79 at least when cut, so as to define and maintain a position and/or orientation of a block 51 relative to the support 79 in at least one direction.
  • the support 79 may comprise one or more lateral guides, possibly in combination with a press or clamp to further control position and/or direction of the blocks relative to the support 79 and (a trajectory through) the cutters 77 (not shown).
  • the cutting tool 75 is also provided with an optional conveyor comprising shoes 85 or other elements that engage and propel successive building blocks 51 over the support 79 past the cutters 77 in order to cut grooves into the respective building blocks 51.
  • the position and/or the height Hcb, Hct of at least one of the cutters 77 relative to a portion of the support 79 is adjustable to adjust a relative position, e.g. a vertical distance D, between the working positions of the cutters 77 (Figs. 11A and 11B ).
  • a relative position e.g. a vertical distance D
  • both first and second grooves 87 are cut and relate to the same reference, which may be determined by a working position of one of the cutters 77, in particular the working position Hcb of the cutter 77 closest to the support 79.
  • building blocks may be held symmetrically with respect to the working positions of opposite cutters, e.g. by a suitably formed symmetric clamp.
  • One or more sensors may be provided, optionally a controller for (automated) control of relative positions and/or orientations of the cutters 77, in particular their (here: vertical) operable separation D.
  • a cutting tool may comprise one or more further cutters for cutting additional grooves in the building block 51, e.g. grooves in a side face 21, 23 and/or an end face 25, 27.
  • additional grooves e.g. grooves in a side face 21, 23 and/or an end face 25, 27.
  • plural grooves may be formed relative to a common reference.
  • Figs. 12A-12C show an embodiment of a wall 91, comprising a vertical anchor 93 along the wall 91.
  • the vertical anchor 93 is attached to joining plates 95, 97 formed with a lateral extension relative to the joining plates 7 discussed supra.
  • one joining plate 95 ( Fig, 12B ) is of a metal and an also metallic anchor 93 is fixed to the joining plate 95 by welding.
  • Other suitable mechanical and/or chemical attachment techniques may be suitably employed, including simple insertion with a hook portion, cf. anchor 11 in Figs 1-4 . As indicated in Fig.
  • the anchor 93 is attached to the top joining plate 97 by passing through a through hole 99 in the joining plate 97 and being provided with a nut 101 on a threaded portion of the anchor 93.
  • tension on the anchor 93 may be adjusted, e.g. to align the wall 91.
  • the anchor 93 may be a rod and/or a flexible tensionable element e.g. chain and/or cable.
  • Figs. 13A-13B show respective details of a cross section view of an embodiment of a wall 91 as part of a house, wherein the wall 91 arranged adjacent a second wall 105 with an insulation space 107 in between.
  • the wall 91 comprises building blocks 3, joining blocks 5, a joining plate 95', an anchor 93 and an optional decorative joining plate element 103 ( Fig. 13A ).
  • the anchor On an opposite side ( Fig. 13B ) the anchor is attached to a floor beam 109 of the house.
  • the anchor 93 passes through a through hole in the beam 109 and a nut 101 and a washer 111 are provided on a threaded portion of the anchor 93.
  • Figs. 14 and 15 are a cross section views of other embodiments that are similar to Fig. 13A , 13B .
  • the vertical anchor 93 is attached not to a joining plate, but to a foundation element 113, here with an optional (possibly chemical) attachment plug 115.
  • the anchor 93 is attached to bottom block 117, here using a through hole 118 in the bottom block 113 and nuts 101 on a threaded portion of the anchor 93.
  • the bottom block 117 is provided with grooves 119 containing support surfaces 121 matching the ribs 39 and support surfaces 40 of a joining block 5 on top of and partly received in the bottom block 117, just as in the building blocks 3 and joining blocks 5 above. Note that the bottom block 117, joining block 5 and building block 3 are mutually spaced from each other except at the respective support surfaces 121, 40; 40, 33, in the respective grooves 119, 29.
  • the anchor 93 is also attached to a foundation element 113, with a further foundation layer 119 of mortar, concrete or the like in between; when the latter is still malleable, the bottom block 117 may be aligned to the foundation element 113 or another reference, e.g. a horizontal. This facilitates alignment of the wall 91 on top.
  • Fig. 16 shows a further embodiment of a joining block 5' in perspective view.
  • Fig. 17 shows an assembly of the joining block 5' of Fig. 16 (only partly shown) and a further embodiment of a joining plate 7' in side view.
  • Fig. 18 shows a side view (in L-direction) of the assembly of Fig. 17 with a building block 3 and a further joining block 5'.
  • the joining block 5' is substantially similar to the embodiments described above. Visible differences from the other embodiments comprise that the base 37' is provided with a plurality of through holes 123, the number shape and arrangement of which may be selected as desired. In the shown embodiment the vertical through holes 123 occupy a larger volume than that of the remaining material of the base 37' interconnecting the ribs 39' on opposite sides of the base 37' .
  • one or both opposite longitudinal (L direction) ends of the joining block 5' are provided with optional longitudinal connectors, preferably mated connectors on opposite ends, here in the form of a protruding end 125 to be received in a recessed end 127 of an adjacent joining block 5', shown in more detail in Fig. 17 .
  • the protruding and recessed ends 125, 127 are formed by appropriately shaped portions of the base 37' and ribs 39' of the joining block 5'.
  • Such connection provides lateral (W-direction) and/or vertical (Z-direction) fortification between adjacent joining blocks 5'.
  • the connection also prevents (drafts through) gaps between adjacent joining blocks 5'.
  • an optical continuity in a series of joining blocks 5' may be provided.
  • the longitudinal mated connectors of adjacent joining blocks may comprise interlocking features such as jigsaw-bulbs and - recesses or entangling barbs.
  • ribs 139 of the joining block 5' are provided with optional connectors 129 (here: ribs), see below.
  • the joining plate 7' is provided with an optional large trough hole 131, rendering the joining plate 7' effectively into substantially a hollow frame having an outer shape complimentary to the shapes of the building blocks 3, 4 and the joining blocks 5', just as the substantially solid joining plates 5 discussed above, but saving material and weight and facilitating adaptation to shape and possible deformation of building blocks.
  • the hole 131 may be filled with another material, e.g. a deformable material, preferably elastic, to accommodate shape and/size differences of adjacent building blocks 3, such as preventing gaps due to coarse building block end faces 25.
  • one or both end faces 25, 27 of building blocks 3" may be provided with one or more end grooves 29" as shown in Figs. 19A and 19B, respectively, and joining plates 7" may be provided with one or more protruding structures (here ribs) 132 fitting (the end grooves 29") of the building blocks 3", providing cooperating positioning structures.
  • the joining plate 7' is provided with optional connectors 133, mated to the connectors 129 of the joining block 5'.
  • the connectors 129 and 133 of this embodiment form an interengaging set 137 of ribs and grooves.
  • Such connection may be made by insertion of (the connectors 133 of) the joining plate 7' between the ribs 139 of the joining block 5' and rotating the joining block about a vertical axis (Z-direction) so that the connector set interlock and the joining plate 7' becomes oriented perpendicular to the joining block 5'.
  • the joining plate 7' may be inserted vertically (Z-direction) into (the space between the ribs 129 of) the joining block 5' and snapped into place effecting the desired interlock.
  • a subsequent joining block 5' of a subsequent joining block layer J (not shown) may be interlocked in the same way by snap connection between the respective connectors 129, 133 on the opposite side of the joining plate 7'.
  • vertical anchors may be used also for providing vertical interconnection between adjacent joining block layers J and/or adjacent building block layers B.
  • the connection strength of the connection may be determined by a suitable design of the joining plate.
  • a rigidity / flexibility of (portions of) lateral plate portions 140, upper and lower plate portions 141 and the connectors 133 may be provided by adding and/or displacing upper and/or lower plate portions 141 as indicated with a dashed line in Fig. 18 .
  • the connectors 129, 133 of the joining blocks 5' and joining plates 7' extend substantially uninterrupted along their respective lengths, so that the joining plates 7' may be positioned and connected at any desired longitudinal position on the joining block 5'.
  • Figs. 23A-24B show yet other embodiments of joining blocks 205, 205', wherein ribs 239A are formed castellated, providing a series of posts P interrupted by gaps G, so that a series of support surfaces 240A is formed.
  • ribs 239 are full providing a full support surface 240
  • the ribs 239B are provided with thin gaps G' extending only over part of the width of the rib 239B (W direction) leaving wall portions WP of the joining block 205' towards the lateral outside (W direction) of the gap G', resulting a support surface 240B of varying width and providing a full front face 250.
  • the depth of the gaps G (Z direction) may be to the base 237 as shown; the gaps G' may have lesser depth which may correspond to the depth of grooves 29 in the associated building blocks so that possible visibility of the gaps G' in the front face 250 may be obscured.
  • cutouts 223 are formed (cf. Figs. 16, 17 ) and gaps 251.
  • the cutouts 223 and gaps 251, G, G' reduce material use and weight and they facilitate manufacturing by insert moulding, in particular facilitating forming protrusions 229 on the ribs 239A, 239B.
  • the optional protrusions 229 form connectors to mated connectors on joining plates, just as connectors 129 of Figs. 16-18 .
  • the gaps G of (castellated) joining blocks 205, 205' also facilitate ventilation of the wall. Further, the castellations facilitate connecting objects to the joining blocks 205, 205' in different positions.
  • the gaps G, G' and thus the posts P of opposite (top/bottom) sides of the joining blocks 205, 205' are mutually staggered, but they may be in line (vertical, Z direction).
  • the gaps G, G' may be narrower than their relative separation in the length direction of the rib 239 (L direction) so that in continuous and uninterrupted structures in the direction of supporting force (Z direction) may be provided, e.g.: in Figs. 205, 205' posts P on opposite sides of the joining blocks 205, 205' at least partly overlap (in L and W directions) and provide uninterrupted rib material from the one supporting surface 240 to the opposite supporting surface 240.
  • Figs. 25A-25B , 26A-26C 27A-27D show different connector modules 275, 276, 277 for modular anchors in different orientations (see reference axes W, L, Z).
  • the connectors 275, 276, 277 and at least a portion of (the castellations of) the joining blocks 205, 205' are mated, such that the connectors 275, 276, 277 fit associated portions of the castellations on one side and provide a connection portion on another side to which another anchor module may be attached.
  • the connector 275 is generally T-shaped on one end 275A for fitting in a gap G and engaging two adjacent posts P; on the other end 275B the shown connector 275 has an angled and slotted portion for receiving (e.g. hooking) another anchor module.
  • the connector 276 has a through hole in one end 276A and is formed for fitting around a post P and in two adjacent gaps G; the other end 276B of the shown connector 276 has an angled and slotted portion for receiving (e.g. hooking) another anchor module.
  • the connectors 275 and 276 are particularly suited for (use in) anchors extending in the plane of the first portions 275A, 276A of the respective anchors 275, 276, i.e. for accommodating tensile or compressive forces perpendicular to the posts P; see Figs. 28 (compare with Fig. 14 ).
  • the connector 277 has three holes in one end 277A for fitting around a three adjacent posts P and in the four gaps G associated therewith; the other end 277B of the shown connector 277 has a through hole for receiving (e.g. hooking, bolting) another anchor module.
  • the connector is relatively wide (portion 277C), the width of which may correspond to the width of the base 237 of the joining block 205, 205' so that forces may be distributed.
  • Such connector is particularly suited for (use in) an anchor extending perpendicular to the plane of the connector 277, i.e. parallel to the wall; see Fig. 29 (compare with Figs. 12A-15 ). Note that compared to Figs. 12-15 (use of) the connector 277 may allow replacing joining plates 97 with lighter-weight and/or hollow joining plates cf. Figs. 17-18 , 22 etc. that may be able to support anchor forces.
  • FIG. 19-26C Various elements of the Figures 19-26C may be recognized in Figs. 30-31 as indicated by the respective reference signs.
  • modular anchors 279 and 281 are shown, comprising anchor connectors 275, 276 ( Figs. 25A-26C ) and elongate anchor modules 283, 285 which may be screwed (283), hammered (285) and/or otherwise fixed to an object adjacent the wall 1" being constructed.
  • the hook-shape and slot of the anchor connectors 275, 276 facilitates connection and position adjustment of the respective anchor modules (275, 276; 283, 285) to each other, e.g. by screwing and/or hooking in in a desired position, and the connectors may be used in various orientations ( Figs. 28 , 30-31 ).
  • Such modular anchors 279, 281 also facilitate making screwed connection of one anchor module 283 to a wall or other object on one end, without rotation of the connector 275.
  • the corner building blocks 4" of Fig. 31 differ from corner building block 4 of Figs. 1-4 , 6: in Fig. 6 the grooves 29, 29' each end in a straight end corner pattern.
  • Such shape may be formed by milling or hacking the grooves into the building block 4.
  • the cutting edges will have a circular circumference that becomes noticeable at a blind end of the cut.
  • sawing grooves into the building block may be more cost- and time-effective than milling, in particular using a circular saw or similar rotary cutter wherein the axis of rotation of the cutter and hence the circular circumference portion may be parallel to the top/bottom face of the building block.
  • a blind groove segment is to be made (i.e.
  • a groove extending over only part of the width or length of the building block) using a circular saw at the blind groove end (where the groove stops in the building block) the radius of curvature of the circular saw may become noticeable as an accordingly reducing groove depth.
  • Fig. 31 at 29E To accommodate a deviation in a planarity of the support surface joining blocks and/or endplates cooperating with building blocks having one or more groove ends may have accordingly shaped ribs or sides, e.g. being formed complementary to a radius of curvature in it.
  • corner joining blocks 290 having ribs 291 (or other structures) fitting a corresponding groove 29, in particular a blind groove end 29E, of an associated building block 4" and having a support surface, wherein a portion of the ribs 291 or structures is shaped in accordance with the associated grooves and/or in accordance with the shape and/or cutting pattern of the cutter used for cutting the groove ends 29E into the building block.
  • the corner joining blocks 290 have a corner portion 293 of reduced height, the reduction being in accordance with the circumferential shape of a cut of a rotary cutter, e.g. circular saw, with which the groove ends 29E the corner blocks 4" are cut.
  • Fig. 31 shows profiled cover elements 295, 297 that may be used in conjunction with other elements of the presently disclosed system.
  • the elements 295, 297 may be attached to the joining blocks and/or, respectively, the joining plates, e.g. for at least partially masking and/or protecting the joining blocks and/or, respectively, the joining plates.
  • the cover elements may have further functionality, e.g. as a light-emitting element (powered and/or luminescent).
  • the respective cover elements295, 297, joining blocks and joining plates may have corresponding connectors, e.g. a clamping arrangement as shown for two embodiments in Figs. 32A-33B.
  • Figs. 32A and 32B show a joining plate 7" (cf.
  • Figs. 21A-22 and a generally U-shaped cover element 297A in disconnected state ( Fig. 32A ) and in connected state ( Fig. 32B ), respectively.
  • Figs. 33A and 33B show a joining plate 7' (cf. Figs. 17-18 ) and a generally n-shaped cover element 297B in disconnected state ( Fig. 33A ) and in connected state ( Fig. 33B ), respectively.
  • the cover element 297B comprises protruding structures (here ribs) 298 fitting (the end grooves 29") of the building blocks 3", providing cooperating positioning structures (like ribs 132 of the joining blocks 7").
  • Other attachment provisions like snapping latches etc. may be used as well.
  • the cover elements may be accommodated between adjacent building blocks and/or in the respective grooves thereof; see Fig. 34A-34B , wherein fig, 34A is a vertical cross section through a wall and 34 B is a partial horizontal cross section as indicated in Fig. 34A . It is noted that portions of the covers may be sized in accordance with sizes of the joining blocks and/or joining plates, which are well known prior to construction a wall. Further, not shown, a combination of joining plate 7" and cover element 297B may be used wherein on one lateral side of the joining plate 7" protruding structures may be provided and on the other side of the joining plate 7" cover elements 297B providing positioning structures 298, matching the positioning structures 132 of the joining plate 7". Thus, cooperating positioning structures on opposite lateral sides (W direction) of the assembly of joining block 7" and the cover element 297B are provided. This may improve positioning and/or alignment of building blocks on opposite longitudinal sides (L direction) of the assembly.
  • cover elements may cover one or both support surfaces of joining blocks or one or both positioning surfaces of joining plates, as the case may be, with a cover element portion.
  • the engagement of the support surfaces and/or, respectively, the positioning surfaces may be indirect with the respective cover element portion being in between and transferring any support force between the adjacent and cooperating building block and joining block and/or any positioning force between the adjacent and cooperating building block and joining plate.
  • a cover element may be manufactured thin and to high tolerances e.g. as an aluminium or polymer profile, possibly an extrusion profile, and retain any tolerances in a stacked wall or along a row, respectively.
  • cover elements may be provided with connectors, e.g. holes and/or hooks, for engaging castellations in joining blocks, similar to the anchor connector modules discussed above.
  • walls as disclosed herein may be more flexible relative to rigid brick-and-mortar or concrete walls. The flexibility may depend on fixation of building blocks and joining blocks together.
  • a flexible wall may be able to absorb tremors, e.g. earth quakes, better than rigid walls which crack.
  • a building block and/or joining block may have a draining channel, which may exit on an outside of the wall.
  • a bottom of a groove and/or a rib of a joining block may have a (further) groove for draining and/or for collecting possible debris scraped off a building block and/or a joining block when the joining block is inserted into the groove of the building block. This may also be used to identification of a top and/or bottom side of a building block and/or joining block.

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Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zur Errichtung eines Trockenmauer-Bauwerks, das aufweist:
    - Bereitstellen von Bausteinen (3, 4) und Verbindungssteinen (5),
    wobei Ober- und entgegengesetzte Unterseiten (17; 19) der Bausteine (3) jeweils mindestens eine Nut (29) aufweisen, die eine Stützfläche (33) enthält,
    wobei Ober- und entgegengesetzte Unterseiten der Verbindungssteine (5) jeweils mindestens eine Struktur (39), insbesondere mindestens eine Rippe (39), aufweisen, die sich in mindestens eine der Nuten (29) eines Bausteins (3) einpasst und eine Stützfläche (40) hat; und
    - Stapeln abwechselnder Schichten (B; J) aus Bausteinen (3) und Verbindungssteinen (5) aufeinander, wobei die Ober- und Unterseiten (17; 19) vertikal benachbarter Bausteine (3) zueinander orientiert werden und die Verbindungssteine (5) mindestens teilweise in den Nuten (29) darüber liegender und darunter liegender Bausteine (3) aufgenommen werden, so dass in jedem vertikalen Paar aus einem Baustein (3) und einem darin aufgenommenen Verbindungsstein (5) die jeweiligen Stützflächen (33; 40) einen gegenseitigen Eingriff herstellen und den jeweiligen höheren Stein (3; 5) auf dem jeweiligen tieferen Stein (3; 5) stützen;
    wobei in jedem Baustein (3) eine erste Nut (29) in der Ober- oder Unterseite (17; 19) des Bausteins (3) gebildet, insbesondere geschnitten, wird und eine zweite Nut (29) in der entgegengesetzten (19; 17) der Ober- und Unterseite gebildet, insbesondere geschnitten, wird und wobei eine Position, Form und/oder Orientierung der Stützfläche (33) im Baustein der zweiten Nut (29) relativ zu einer Referenz (33; 65; 77, Hcb) ausgebildet wird,
    wobei die erste und zweite Nut (29) relativ zur selben Referenz (65; 77, Hcb) gebildet werden, insbesondere relativ zur selben Referenz (65; 77, Hcb) gleichzeitig gebildet werden, wobei die Referenz (65; 77) durch ein oder mehrere Objekte, z. B. eine Rippe, eine Schiene, ein Förderband, eine oder mehrere Rollen oder Kombinationen daraus oder eine Arbeitsposition (Hcb) eines Schneidteils (77), vorgesehen wird und/oder wobei die Referenz (33) durch eine Position, Form und/oder Orientierung im Baustein (3) mindestens eines Abschnitts der ersten Nut (29), insbesondere mindestens der Stützfläche (33) der ersten Nut (29), vorgesehen wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei in jedem Baustein (3) die erste Nut (29) in einer ersten Seite (17; 19) des Bausteins (3) gebildet, insbesondere geschnitten, wird, wobei die Position, Form und/oder Orientierung der ersten Nut (29) im Baustein (3) relativ zu einer Referenz (65; 77, Hcb) bestimmt wird und die zweite Nut (29) in den Baustein (3) in einer vorbestimmten Position, einer vorbestimmten Form und/ oder einer vorbestimmten Orientierung relativ zur Referenz (65; 77, Hcb) geschnitten wird.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die zweite Nut (29) in den Baustein (3) durch Relativbewegung des Bausteins (3) und mindestens eines Schneidteils (56; 67; 77) eines Schneidwerkzeugs (55; 61; 75) geschnitten wird und wobei die Position und/oder Bewegung mindestens des Schneidteils (56; 67; 77) des Schneidwerkzeugs (55; 61; 75) im Hinblick auf die Stützfläche (33) der ersten Nut (29) und/oder die Referenz (65; 77, Hcb) gegebenenfalls gesteuert wird.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, wobei die Referenz (65; 77) durch ein oder mehrere Objekte, z. B. eine Rippe, eine Schiene, ein Förderband, eine oder mehrere Rollen oder Kombinationen daraus vorgesehen wird, der Baustein (3) über der Referenz (65; 77) platziert wird, die Position und/oder Bewegung mindestens eines Schneidteils (56; 67; 77) des Schneidwerkzeugs (55; 61; 75) im Hinblick auf die Referenz (65; 77) gesteuert wird und der Baustein (3) oder mindestens das Schneidteil (56; 67; 77) des Schneidwerkzeugs (55; 61; 75) im Hinblick auf die Referenz (65; 77) bewegt wird, wobei insbesondere der Baustein (3) über der Referenz (65) unterhalb mindestens des Schneidteils (56; 67; 77) des Schneidwerkzeugs (55; 61; 75) verschoben und/oder gerollt wird, das im Hinblick auf die Referenz (65; 77) feststehend ist.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei Ober- und entgegengesetzte Unterseiten (17; 19) der Bausteine (3) mehrere derartige Nuten (29) aufweisen, die eine Stützfläche (33) enthalten, und wobei Ober- und entgegengesetzte Unterseiten der Verbindungssteine (5) mehrere derartige Strukturen (39) aufweisen, die sich in die Nuten (29) der Bausteine (3) einpassen und Stützflächen (40) haben;
    und wobei vorzugsweise die Nuten (29) einer oder beider Seiten (17; 19) der Bausteine (3) sich parallel erstrecken, eine identische Form haben, eine identische Größe haben und/oder ihre jeweiligen Stützflächen (33) sich in einer gemeinsamen Ebene in einer Vertikal- und/oder Horizontalrichtung relativ zu einer regulären Position des Bausteins (3) in der Wand (1) erstrecken und wobei vorzugsweise die Strukturen einer oder beider Seiten (17; 19) der Bausteine (3) sich parallel erstrecken, eine identische Form haben, eine identische Größe haben und/oder ihre jeweiligen Stützflächen (33) sich in einer gemeinsamen Ebene in einer Vertikal- und/ oder Horizontalrichtung relativ zu einer regulären Position des Verbindungssteins (5) in der Wand (1) erstrecken;
    und wobei die Nuten (29) einer der Seiten (17; 19) der Bausteine erste Nuten sein können und die Nuten (29) der anderen der Seiten (19; 17) der Bausteine (3) zweite Nuten (29) gemäß der Festlegung in einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche sein können.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, das aufweist: Errichten der Wand (1) benachbart zu einer weiteren Wand (1; 105) und gegenseitiges Verbinden der jeweiligen Wände mit Ankern (13, 15; 283, 285), wobei die Anker (13, 15; 283, 285) an den Verbindungssteinen (5) angebracht werden können und wobei jede der jeweiligen Wände (1, 1) eine Wand (1) gemäß dem Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche sein kann.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Bausteine (3) und die Verbindungssteine (5) aus unterschiedlichen Materialien bestehen, z. B. Ziegelsteine bzw. ein Polymer- und/oder Betonextraktionsmaterial, wobei insbesondere die Bausteine (3) durch Formen eines formbaren Materials und Ermöglichen und/ oder Erzwingen von Härtung des formbaren Materials gebildet sein können, wobei die Nuten (29) der Bausteine (3) im gehärteten Material gebildet werden, und/oder die Verbindungssteine (5) mindestens teilweise durch einen Formgebungs- und/ oder Extrusionsvorgang gebildet werden können.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei in der Wand (1) Verbindungssteine (5) hinter einer Wandfläche zurückgesetzt sind, die durch Seitenflächen von Bausteinen (3) definiert ist, was Aussparungen bildet, und wobei das Verfahren ferner aufweist: Füllen mindestens eines Teils der Aussparungen mit einem Füllmaterial.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, das aufweist: Bereitstellen von Verbindungsplatten (7), die zwischen Bausteinen (3) in mindestens einer der Bausteinschichten (B) unterzubringen sind und sich von einer Verbindungssteinschicht (1) zu einer benachbarten Verbindungssteinschicht (1) erstrecken.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei in mindestens einigen der Bausteine (3) eine oder mehrere Nuten (29) sich über eine Gesamtlänge der jeweiligen Ober- und/oder Unterseite (17; 19) erstrecken und in einigen anderen der Bausteine (3) eine oder mehrere Nuten (29) sich über weniger als eine Gesamtlänge der jeweiligen Ober- und/oder Unterseite (17; 19) erstrecken und wobei Nuten (29') in einer oder mehreren der jeweiligen Ober- und/oder Unterseiten (17; 19), erste und/oder zweite Nuten (29; 29'), sich in unterschiedlichen nichtparallelen Richtungen zueinander, insbesondere senkrecht zueinander, erstrecken können.
EP17719939.5A 2016-04-18 2017-04-18 Verfahren zur errichtung eines gebaüdes mit trockenen mauern Active EP3445924B1 (de)

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NL2016629 2016-04-18
NL2018107 2016-12-30
PCT/NL2017/050242 WO2017183967A1 (en) 2016-04-18 2017-04-18 Method and system for building walls

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US10190313B1 (en) * 2018-03-16 2019-01-29 Omar Toledo Construction block system

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FR1570606A (de) * 1968-04-02 1969-06-13
GB1534501A (en) * 1975-10-16 1978-12-06 Weeks H Method of building
AU2841577A (en) 1977-08-31 1979-03-08 Montanelli M Construction of vertical walls of buildings
DE8437222U1 (de) 1984-12-20 1985-04-04 Lüdenscheider Betonstein- und Mischwerke GmbH & Co KG, 5880 Lüdenscheid Formstein
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FR2720425B1 (fr) 1994-05-24 1996-08-02 Lauragais Tuileries Briq Dispositif d'assemblage de deux éléments de construction, pièces d'assemblage et éléments de construction conçu pour la réalisation de ce dispositif d'assemblage.
CA2158771C (en) 1995-09-21 1999-08-10 David W. Fielding Drywall construction and means therefor
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NL2021427A (en) 2018-11-06
EP3445924A1 (de) 2019-02-27
EP3445924C0 (de) 2023-12-20
NL2021427B1 (en) 2019-03-05

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