EP3444072A1 - Dressing tool comprising a metallic base body with an outer edge or circumferential surface with hard elements - Google Patents

Abstract

A dressing tool comprising a metallic body having a peripheral edge or peripheral surface separating first and second side surfaces of the body, the peripheral edge or surfaces having grooves provided with hard material elements for dressing abrasives, the grooves extending from the first side surface to extend to the second side surface and the hard material elements are secured in grooves by means of soldering on at least two opposite sides of the hard material element.

Description

The invention relates to a dressing tool according to the preamble of claim 1.

From the WO 2017/042395 A1 For example, a dressing tool is known in which hard grains of diamond are bonded to a support and, in addition, one-piece platelets or rod-shaped dressing elements are provided distributed in a layer. The grains and the dressing elements are provided on one side of the body.

The DE 29819006 U1 discloses a diamond dressing wheel, in which recesses are formed in the side surfaces, in which elongated diamonds are inserted and fixed.

From the DE 3419632 A1 a profile dressing tool is known in which notches are provided in the axial direction, between which a projecting segment is arranged, which has platelets of superhard material on an end face.

Compared to the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a dressing tool, which ensures a better grip of the diamond on the dressing tool.

The object is achieved by a dressing tool having the features of claim 1.

The hard material elements may be diamonds or may consist of or comprise cubic boron nitride (CBN). In the following description of the description, reference will be made, by way of example only to diamonds, but CBN elements may also be provided instead of the diamonds. In principle, all references to diamonds are to be understood as exemplary in the following description. Alternatively, it is also possible to use all other hard material elements which are mentioned by way of example below. As materials which make up or comprise the hard material elements, MKD, CVD, PCD (polycrystalline diamond) and, in particular, natural diamonds and in particular synthetic diamonds are also suitable. Furthermore, cubic boron-carbon nitride (cBC2N) can be used as a material.

The diamonds are in this case fastened in grooves, wherein the grooves extend from the first side surface to the second side surface of the main body. In the grooves, the diamonds are fixed by soldering. The diamonds are attached to at least two opposite sides of the diamond with the solder, so that there is a good grip. Each diamond can also be connected to at least two sides of the associated groove by means of solder, which is, for example, two opposite sides of the groove. The diamond may also be connected to the solder with three sides of a groove, with one side lying between two opposite sides of the groove. The solder of the connection is in each case in direct contact with the corresponding side of the groove and wets, for example, the surface of the corresponding side of a groove.

The fact that the grooves extend from the first to the second side surfaces, results in a large area, which is available for the soldering process for connection with the diamonds.

For example, the grooves have a rectangular inner shape when viewed in the direction from the first side surface to the second side surface along the groove. As a result, molded plates made of hard material can be inserted into the grooves, which have a uniform distance from the inside of the groove, so that a good surface contact can be achieved with the solder.

The molded plates on hard material are usually cut from a larger material plate (for example by means of a laser) elements. These mold plates may, but need not be rod-shaped or plate-shaped. In the following, the mold plates are also used synonymously for "hard materials" and "hard material elements" as well as "diamonds". The thickness of the material plate is usually much smaller than the other dimensions of the material plate and when cutting the mold plates is cut in the direction of the thickness of the material plate (ie through the material plate through). Typically, the thickness of the sheet of material from which the mold sheets are cut is no more than 0.1mm. It is also possible to use material plates whose thickness is not greater than 2 mm, preferably not greater than 1 mm. The cut from such sheets of material mold plates then have at least in one direction of the thickness of the material plate corresponding extent.

The molded plates made of hard material (diamonds, CBN etc.) have in one embodiment (largest) two opposite plane surfaces which are usually parallel to each other. The mold plates may have a rectangular shape (through the remaining boundary surfaces between the two largest outer surfaces) (looking at one of the two largest outer surfaces). The mold plates or diamonds having such an outer geometry may be described as having a "plate shape" or a plate shape. The mold plates may be considered "rod-shaped" if the extension of a mold plate in one spatial direction is significantly greater, for example at least twice greater than the extension in the two remaining spatial directions. Here can be thought of an elongated cuboid with side lengths a, b, c, wherein one of the side lengths, such as a, significantly longer than the side lengths b, c. However, the mold plates may also be trapezoidal. They can also be semicircular or triangular. Also, such a mold plate can be a rectangular or have square basic shape, which is followed by a trapezoid or a semicircle or a triangle. As a result, the mold plate or the hard material element has a different shape depending on the application.

For example, the grooves are shaped so that the diamonds would have some play in the grooves if no solder were provided. In this game, the solder can penetrate and make a good connection between diamond and body.

For example, the groove (s) for this purpose have a light inner dimension that is 1% to 10% or 20% or 50% more than the outer dimension of the diamond. The outer dimension of the diamond here refers to the dimension that is received in the groove. The fact that the inner dimension of the groove is slightly larger than the outer dimension of the diamond, results in a space in which the solder can make a good connection between the diamond and the base body. For example, the clear inside dimension of the groove (s) may also be less than 200% or 100% or 50% of the outside dimension of the diamonds.

For example, in one embodiment, the solder may be provided to completely fill a groove along with the material of a diamond. The solder extends for example to the edge of the groove. This leads to a good stability and retention of the diamond in the groove, since the inner surface of the groove is completely wetted with the solder. The solder can also extend beyond the edge of the groove and also cover the region of the side surface next to the groove with solder, so that a larger area of the body is used to hold the diamond.

The grooves may be rotated with respect to the circumferential direction. In a view in the radial direction on the circumference, the groove is thus seen rotated relative to the circumferential direction, wherein the groove preferably includes an angle α of, for example, between 45 ° and 80 ° or between 50 ° and 70 °. The angle is measured between the circumferential direction and the direction along a side surface of the groove. For grooves that are transverse to the circumferential direction, the angle is 90 °. By rotating the diamonds relative to the direction transverse to the circumferential direction, they function more in the manner of a cutting tool than a grinding or dressing tool, allowing for improved machining of the abrasive or object to be dressed.

The grooves themselves are aligned, for example, in the radial direction. As a result, the diamonds stand vertically out of the circumference. However, the grooves may also be inclined with respect to the radial direction so that the diamonds protrude obliquely out of the circumference. This is intended for example for a slow processing operation or a processing operation with delivery.

The diamonds or mold plates preferably have a plate shape (see above), as this can be defined in a very defined manner, the form in which the dressing tool works. In particular, results in a plate shape, only a small area that leads to wear of the diamond to a working pressure that brings with it heat generation. In particular, it is provided that the mold plates in the circumferential direction or in the direction perpendicular to a surface in a plane of the mold plate or the diamond have a thickness of less than 0.3 mm to 0.1 mm, since thus the outer surface, the only Dressing pressure generated, but little dressing, minimized. However, applications with a greater thickness, such as in the range of 1 mm or less, are also possible.

The diamonds can protrude laterally over the side surfaces of the main body in the region of the groove, so that the diamond parts, which protrude laterally from the side surfaces, can be used for dressing. This results in a very versatile dressing tool. The lateral protruding of the diamonds results in a good edge protection even when machining only with the outer circumference of the dressing tool.

The solder used may, for example, be a soft solder or a brazing alloy. The solder can be used in a soldering process such as vacuum brazing or inert gas soldering or the like for fixing the diamonds. The solder may be a nickel-containing solder containing at least 38 weight percent nickel and other metals that lower the melting point from that of nickel.

The dressing tool can have more than 40, 60, 80, 100, or 150, 200, or 250 grooves, each equipped with one or even just one diamond. This results in a very uniformly working diamond tool with a long service life. In particular, in combination with diamonds having a small thickness in the circumferential direction of, for example, between 0.3 mm and 0.1 mm, such a high number of grooves is advantageous. It can also be given, for example, a number of grooves per cm circumferential length. With 2 to 8 grooves per cm circumferential length, a high tool life and a uniform dressing behavior with respect to an object / object to be dressed can result.

The diamonds can be MKD, CVD or PKD (polycrystalline diamonds). These can be well produced as mold plates. The diamonds or CBN elements can preferably be cut out of larger material plates (with a laser) and then lie as mold plates in front. These mold plates may have a plate shape but also a rod shape with, for example, a square or rectangular or other cross-section. It can also be cut natural diamonds. Likewise, as already mentioned above, boron nitride (CBN) elements can also be used instead of diamonds.

Diamonds can have a chip space between them in the circumferential direction in which removed material can be removed during dressing. The chip space results, for example, in particular in that diamonds protrude out of the peripheral edge or circumferential surface to the outside.

The diamonds can be fixed with solder, which is e.g. the use of a soft solder, a brazing alloy in a normal soldering or in a Vakuumlötvorgang or a Schutzgaslötvorgang includes.

Fig. 1

eine Ansicht des Abrichtwerkzeugs;

Fig. 2

eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Bereichs des Umfangs;

Fig. 3

eine andere vergrößerte Ansicht des Umfangs;

Fig. 4

eine leicht schräge Ansicht des Abrichtwerkzeugs;

Fig. 5

eine Schnittansicht in einem radialen Schnitt des Abrichtwerkzeugs;

Fig. 6

eine vergrößerte Ansicht der Anordnung eines Diamanten in einer Nut mit Lot;

Fig. 7

zwei Darstellung der Anordnung des Lots;

Fig. 8

eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be explained with reference to the attached figures. Showing:

Fig. 1

a view of the dressing tool;

Fig. 2

an enlarged view of the area of the circumference;

Fig. 3

another enlarged view of the circumference;

Fig. 4

a slightly oblique view of the dressing tool;

Fig. 5

a sectional view in a radial section of the dressing tool;

Fig. 6

an enlarged view of the arrangement of a diamond in a groove with solder;

Fig. 7

two illustrations of the arrangement of the solder;

Fig. 8

a further embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a view of a dressing tool 1 with a base 2 with a peripheral surface 7. The body can, as in Fig. 1 shown, various holes or openings 4a, 4b, which serve to receive the dressing tool on a drive and fasten. The main body 2 itself may consist of or comprise a metallic material, in particular steel. Embodiments are also conceivable in which the base body consists of or comprises a non-rusting material such as, for example, stainless steel. The main body 2 may further by means of a machining process of any shaped "blank" are produced. Cutting processes are all processes in which the body to be produced (in this case the main body 2) is manufactured from a "blank" by stock removal from "excess" material. The excess material is thus mechanically removed from the blank - in the form of chips - until the body to be produced is present.

The dressing tool may have a circular circumference.

As in Fig. 2 shown, grooves 5 may be provided in the peripheral surface 7, are inserted into the diamond 8. It should be expressly pointed out at this point that in all embodiments described here basic hard material elements can be used. Of these hard material elements, diamond is only an example and not meant to be limiting. Instead of the diamonds 8, any other hard material elements, such as CNB elements, MKD, CVD, PCD (polycrystalline diamond) and in particular natural diamonds and in particular synthetic diamonds can be used. Furthermore, cubic boron-carbon nitride (cBC2N) can be used as a material.

The grooves in this case have a depth measured from the peripheral edge or the peripheral surface inwards with the measure 10. The depth may for example be between 4 mm and 10 mm. The distance between the individual grooves on the outer surface is marked with the dimension 9. The dimension 9 can be, for example, in the range of 1 mm to 15 mm or between 1 mm and 10 mm or between 2 mm and 5 mm. The grooves in the peripheral surface can be formed in the base body 2 by a machining process. This can be done either simultaneously with the shaping of the base body by means of a cutting process or following the production of the base body. Here, based on the machining process (see above), the base body without grooves represents the "blank", the base body 2 with grooves 5 the body to be produced.

As in Fig. 2 To recognize the diamonds 8 protrude out of the grooves 5, both in the radial direction outwardly from the peripheral surface 7 out, and seen in the circumferential direction laterally right and left out of the grooves 5 out. For example, in the direction out of the grooves, the diamonds have a length of, for example, 10% or 20% more than the depth of the grooves. The diamonds may for example have a length of 5 mm to 12 mm. However, these embodiments are not mandatory. There are also provided embodiments in which the diamonds protrude from only one or two sides. In particular, the diamonds can protrude right or left from the grooves (seen in the circumferential direction) or protrude only from the peripheral surface 7 in the radial direction.

The diamonds 8 are rectangular, for example, on their outer side. However, the outer side can also have a different shape depending on the desired dressing effect. For example, the outside can also be semicircular. Other forms of diamonds are related to Fig. 5 explained.

As in the enlarged view in Fig. 3 to recognize, the groove 5 with the circumferential direction 3 at an angle α, which may be different from 90 °. The angle α is measured here between the circumferential direction 3 and the front (or rear) side surface of the groove. The skewing of the diamonds 8 compared to the direction transverse to the circumferential direction 3 results in a more cutting treatment of the abrasive to be dressed, resulting in improved precision. Like also in Fig. 3 clearly visible, the diamonds 8 protrude in the circumferential direction 3 seen right and left out of the grooves 5 out. This edge protection can be ensured, as well as it is possible to use the lateral surfaces of the diamonds that protrude laterally from the grooves 5, for dressing.

The grooves 5 are in this case slightly larger than the thickness of the diamonds 8. This results in a space that can be filled with solder, which accomplishes a particularly good hold of the diamonds in the grooves 5. Furthermore, in Fig. 2 and 3 good to recognize that the diamonds can be incorporated with their in the circumferential direction front and back in the grooves with the solder, resulting in a particularly good hold of the diamonds in the body. The inner dimension 13 of the groove 5 may therefore be slightly larger than the outer dimension 14 of the diamonds to make room for the solder. This place represents a game in which Lot can penetrate. The measure 13 may be, for example, 1% to 10% (or up to 20% or up to 50%) greater than the measure 14. The measure 14 is hereby measured in a direction perpendicular to a surface in a plate plane of the diamond 8.

The base body has a thickness 12 in the region of its peripheral edge or peripheral surface 7. This thickness 12 is smaller than the extension 11 of the diamonds in the thickness direction of the base body. By this supernatant edge protection or the possibilities with the sides of the grooves protruding parts of the diamonds results in a dressing process. The diamonds can also be flush with the side surfaces.

In FIG. 2 . 3 and 4 It is shown that the grooves 5 extend through the main body 2, ie extend from one side surface 6 to the opposite side surface 15.

In the FIG. 4 It can be seen that the dressing tool can have a central part by the attachment of the dressing tool is provided on a drive and having a significantly greater thickness compared to a radially outer part. The radially outer part has a length of the dimension 29, as in Fig. 5 shown. In the region of the radially outer part, the dressing tool may have a thickness 12 which is slightly smaller than the dimension 11 of the diamonds in this transverse direction 12. The dimension 29 may be 5 to 15 times the diametrical extent of the diamonds in the radial direction, whereby a dressing effect is possible even deep-seated or narrow areas of an abrasive that would otherwise be inaccessible. The radially outer part with the dimension 29 may have a circular disk-like geometry with a constant thickness 12.

In Fig. 5 It is shown that the diamond plate-shaped (preferably provided as mold plates) may have a rectangular shape. However, you can also (see eg Figure 8 ) also be trapezoidal. They can also be triangular or triangular. Also, the diamond may have a rectangular basic shape, which is followed by a trapezoid or a semicircle or a triangle. As a result, the diamond (or the diamonds) on the outside has a different shape depending on the application.

In Fig. 6 It is shown how the diamonds 8 with solder 18, 22 can be arranged in a groove 5. In the peripheral surface 7 of this diamond 8 is arranged so that the diamond protrudes with its radially outer surface 16 of the peripheral surface 7. The lateral side surface 17 of the diamond 8 also protrudes from the groove 5 laterally out of the side surface 15 of the basic tool.

The groove 5 itself is aligned in the radial direction 28. However, it forms an angle with the circumferential direction 3, such as in Fig. 3 shown.

In this case, the solder 18, 22 in particular wets the surfaces 19, 20 located in the circumferential direction, which form an angle with the lateral side surface 15 or the peripheral surface 7, which is filled with solder 18, 22. The surface 19 of the diamond 8 projects laterally out of the main body 2 and forms with the side surface 15 an angle which is filled with solder 18. The surface 20 of the diamond, which lies in the radial direction to the outside and in the direction of rotation to the front (or rear depending on the direction of rotation), forms with the peripheral surface 7 an angle which is filled with solder 22. The outer surfaces of the solder 18 or 22 are concave, which results from the wetting of the diamond and the base body with the solder.

On the in Fig. 6 The back surface (not visible) is also a solder, which connects the diamond with the body. This solder is also arranged at angles which the diamond forms with the base body on its peripheral surface or edge and / or with the side surface (s). Again, the Lot has, for example, a concave outer surface.

Compared to, for example, a plating process in which nickel material deposits relatively uncontrollably on a metallically conductive base body, a better connection between the diamond and the base body is achieved with a solder. Since the solder wets the diamond surface, the solder for wetting the diamond surface can also penetrate into a gap between the diamond 8 and body 2 and so enclose and hold the diamond over a large area.

In Fig. 7a is a view in the radial direction on the peripheral surface 7 is shown. The diamond 8 is here shown with solder on its two sides (in the circumferential direction 3 front or rear), which hold the diamond with solder in the groove 5. On the in Fig. 7 On the right side of the diamond is held with Lot 18, 22 and 30, which is located outside the groove and fills angles between the surface of the diamond and the base body (with concave outer shape of the solder). On the opposite side of the diamond solder 31, 32, 33 is provided, which is also provided outside the groove and fills angles between the surfaces of the diamond and the body (with concave outer shape of the solder).

In Fig. 7b a section through a groove 5 with a diamond 8 is shown. Here, Lot 34, 35 can be seen, which has penetrated into the space between the diamond 8 and the inside of the groove 5 and together with the diamond 8, the groove 5 fills and the diamond flat with the inside of the groove 5 connects. Here is an example of how diamond is attached to two opposite sides of the diamond by soldering.

Fig. 8a to 8c show a further embodiment in which the grooves 5 with the radial direction 28 include an angle β and thus do not extend in the radial direction. The angle β can be between 1 ° and 30 ° or 45 ° or even between 2 ° and 20 °. The diamonds 8 have here a trapezoidal shape. At the outer end, the diamonds may also have a tip so that they have a triangular shape overall. The diamonds are here as described above with solder held in the grooves 5. Only the shape of the main body in the region of the grooves is tapering towards the outside and the outer shape of the diamonds is not rectangular. However, the diamonds are also slightly out of the main body 2 out and Lot is located in the grooves 5 and in the area next to the grooves. The grooves are also filled with each individual diamond and the solder. With such a dressing tool is a sluggish dressing method is also possible, such as one with infeed, depending on the direction of rotation of the dressing tool. Also in the case that the grooves 5, as in Fig. 8b As shown, with the radial direction 28 included at an angle β other than zero, the grooves may also be unscrewed by an angle α from the direction transverse to the direction of rotation 3 (In Fig. 8 not shown). Depending on the arrangement of the grooves relative to the direction of rotation with which the dressing tool is used, co-rotating or counter-rotating dressing methods can be realized with delivery.

Claims (14)

Dressing tool (1) comprising a metallic base body (2) with a peripheral edge or peripheral surface (3, 7) which separates a first (6) and a second side surface (15) of the base body (1), wherein the peripheral edge or peripheral surface (3 , 7) has grooves (5) which are equipped with hard material elements such as diamonds or boron nitride elements (8) for dressing abrasives, characterized in that the grooves (5) extend from the first side surface (6) to the second side surface (15 ) and the hard material elements (8) are fastened in grooves (5) by soldering on at least two opposite sides of the hard material element. Dressing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the hard material elements (8) in the grooves (5) without solder (18,20) would have some play, in which solder (18, 22) is accommodated. Dressing tool according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the grooves (5) have an internal dimension (13) of 1% to 10% or up to 20% or up to 50% more than the external dimension (14) of the hard material elements. Dressing tool according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the grooves are completely filled in each case by the hard material element and the solder. Dressing tool according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the grooves (5) are rotated with respect to the direction transverse to the circumferential direction (3) and with the direction transverse to the circumferential direction an angle (α) of, for example, between 45 ° and 80 ° or 50 ° and 70 °. Dressing tool according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the grooves (5) in the radial direction (28) are aligned. Dressing tool according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the grooves form an angle (β) with a radial direction (28) of between 1 ° and 45 ° or between 10 ° and 30 ° or between 2 ° and 20 °. Dressing tool according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the hard material elements (8) have a plate shape, in particular are designed as mold plates with a plate shape. Dressing tool according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the hard material elements (8) in the circumferential direction (3) or in the direction perpendicular to a surface in a plane of the hard material element has a thickness of less than 1.0 mm or less than 0.3 mm to 0.1 mm. Dressing tool according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the hard material elements (8) laterally beyond the side surfaces (6, 15) of the base body (2) protrude. Dressing tool according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the solder (18, 22) is a nickel-containing brazing material. Dressing tool according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the dressing tool (1) more than 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200 or 250 grooves (5) in the respective one hard material elements (8), for example, only exactly a hard material elements (8) is received. Dressing tool according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the hard material elements (8) are MKD, CVD, PCD, natural diamonds or CBN elements, synthetic diamonds. Dressing tool according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that between the hard material elements in the circumferential direction (3) is a chip space (30), in which removed during dressing material can be removed.

Images