EP3440039A1 - Method for fluorinating perchlorinated compounds - Google Patents

Method for fluorinating perchlorinated compounds

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Publication number
EP3440039A1
EP3440039A1 EP17717779.7A EP17717779A EP3440039A1 EP 3440039 A1 EP3440039 A1 EP 3440039A1 EP 17717779 A EP17717779 A EP 17717779A EP 3440039 A1 EP3440039 A1 EP 3440039A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compound
process according
formula
polyunsaturated
organic solvent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP17717779.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Grégory Schmidt
Rémy Teissier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arkema France SA
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Arkema France SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Arkema France SA filed Critical Arkema France SA
Publication of EP3440039A1 publication Critical patent/EP3440039A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
    • C07C17/20—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
    • C07C17/202—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction
    • C07C17/208—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction the other compound being MX
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
    • C07C17/20—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
    • C07C17/202—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction
    • C07C17/206—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction the other compound being HX
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C21/00—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms
    • C07C21/02—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C07C21/19—Halogenated dienes
    • C07C21/20—Halogenated butadienes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the fluorination of perhalogenated compounds.
  • the invention relates to the fluorination of perhalogenated polyunsaturated compounds in a liquid medium to form perfluoro-polyunsaturated compounds.
  • Fluorinated compounds have a high potential in many fields of application. However, the use of many compounds is limited because of their preparation method is sometimes expensive and / or difficult to implement.
  • perfluorinated polyunsaturated compounds such as hexafluorobutadiene is used in the etching of electronic compounds. Its preparation is carried out by various processes using coupling reactions C 2 and fluorination with fluorine F 2.
  • Another synthetic route consists of implementing fluorination reactions of hexachlorobutadiene in the liquid phase. However, these reactions do not allow the total fluorination of hexachlorobutadiene to form hexafluorobutadiene.
  • US Pat. No. 3,287,425 describes the fluorination of hexachlorobutadiene in the presence of potassium fluoride to form a mixture of 2,2-dichloroperfluoropropane and 2-chloro-2-hydroperfluoropropane.
  • Fluorination of perchlorohexatriene was also carried out in the presence of SbF 5 at a temperature of 150 ° C to 300 ° C (US 2,431,969).
  • the final product contains 12% chlorine, which implies only partial fluorination of perchlorohexatriene.
  • the present invention relates to a process for preparing a polyunsaturated perfluorinated compound B from a polyunsaturated perhalogenated compound D of formula C n X2 (n-m + 1) in which
  • X is independently selected from F, Cl, Br or I halogen, provided that at least one X is not fluorine;
  • n is the number of carbon atoms and is at least greater than or equal to 4
  • m is the number of carbon-carbon double bonds and is greater than or equal to 2; said process comprising the step of fluorinating compound D in the presence of a fluorinating agent of the general formula AF P wherein A is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and p is 1 or 2; and in the presence of an aprotic polar organic solvent; said method being carried out with a mole ratio AF p / compound D is less than 1.30 * 2 (n-m + 1).
  • compound D is a polyunsaturated perchlorinated compound of formula C n Cl2 ( n -m + i).
  • the compound D is hexachlorobutadiene.
  • compound B is hexafluorobutadiene.
  • the molar ratio AF p / compound D is less than 1.15 * 2 (n-m + 1).
  • the fluorinating agent is LiF, KF, NaF, MgF2 or
  • the aprotic polar organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of an ether, an amide, an amine, a sulfoxide, a ketone, a nitrile and an ester.
  • the aprotic polar organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethylsulfoxide, diethylsulfoxide and the like. , N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, ethyl acetate, acetone, propanone, 2-pentanone, butanone, n-butylacetate, triethylamine, pyridine and acetonitrile.
  • a first stream comprising compound B, co-products of the fluorination reaction and optionally unreacted compound D is recovered and separated by distillation to form a second stream comprising the reaction co-products and the unreacted compound D and a third stream comprising compound B, preferably the co-products are of formula C n X2 (n-m + 1) as defined in the present invention in which at least one X is not a fluoride.
  • a compound of formula AX P is formed and unreacted compound D is separated therefrom and then recycled; A, X and p being as defined above.
  • the present invention provides a process for preparing a polyunsaturated perfluorinated compound B.
  • said polyunsaturated perfluorinated compound B can be obtained from a polyunsaturated perhalogenated compound D of formula C n X2 (n-m + 1) in which:
  • X is independently selected from F, Cl, Br or I halogen, provided that at least one X is not fluorine;
  • n is the number of carbon atoms and is at least greater than or equal to 4
  • m is the number of carbon-carbon double bonds and is greater than or equal to 2.
  • said method comprises a step of fluorination of compound D in the presence of a fluorinating agent.
  • the fluorinating agent is of the general formula AF P wherein A is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and p is 1 or 2.
  • the fluorination step of compound D is carried out in the presence of an aprotic polar organic solvent.
  • the process according to the present invention comprises a step of fluorinating compound D in the presence of a fluorinating agent of general formula AF P in which A is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkaline metal. - earthy, and p is 1 or 2; in the presence of an aprotic polar organic solvent.
  • a fluorinating agent of general formula AF P in which A is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkaline metal. - earthy, and p is 1 or 2; in the presence of an aprotic polar organic solvent.
  • the fluorination step of compound D is carried out with an AF p / compound D molar ratio of less than 1.45 * 2 (n-m + 1).
  • said process according to the present invention comprises a step of fluorinating compound D in the presence of a fluorinating agent of general formula AF P in which A is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and p is 1 or 2; in the presence of an aprotic polar organic solvent; the molar ratio AF p / compound D being less than 1.45 * 2 (n-m + 1).
  • the compound D is a polyunsaturated perchlorinated compound of formula C n Cl2 ( n -m + i).
  • compound D is hexachlorobutadiene.
  • the compound B may be perfluorohexatriene or hexafluorobutadiene.
  • compound B is hexafluorobutadiene.
  • the molar ratio AF p / compound D is less than 1.40 * 2 (n-m + 1); preferably less than 1.30 * 2 (n-m + 1), preferably less than 1.25 * 2 (n-m + 1), more preferably less than 1, 15 * 2 (n-m + 1), in particular l, 10 * 2 (n- m + 1).
  • This molar ratio close to stoichiometry allows the complete fluorination of compound D unlike what is known from the prior art.
  • the fluorinating agent is LiF, KF, NaF, MgF2 or CaF2 or a mixture thereof.
  • the fluorinating agent is potassium fluoride KF.
  • the aprotic polar organic solvent is chosen from the group consisting of an ether, an amide, an amine, a sulfoxide, a ketone, a nitrile and an ester.
  • the aprotic polar organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethylsulfoxide, diethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, ethyl acetate, acetone, propanone, 2-pentanone, butanone, n-butylacetate, triethylamine, pyridine and acetonitrile.
  • the aprotic polar organic solvent has a boiling point greater than 100 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
  • the aprotic polar organic solvent is preferably 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, propanone, 2-pentanone, butanone, dimethylsulfoxide or diethylsulfoxide. .
  • the polar aprotic organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, dimethylformamide and dimethlysulfoxide.
  • the fluorination step is carried out at reflux of the solvent.
  • the fluorination step is carried out for a duration of between 1 hour and 10 hours.
  • a stream comprising compound B is recovered and separated by distillation from the reaction co-products and unreacted compound D.
  • the co-products are of formula C n X2 (n-m + 1) as defined in the present application in which at least one X is not a fluorine.
  • the coproducts of the reaction may comprise monochloropentafluoro compounds of formula C 4 F 5 CI, dichlorotetrafluoro compounds of formula C4F4Cl2.
  • a compound of formula AX P is formed during the fluorination step, A, X and p being as defined above.
  • the unreacted compound D is separated from this compound AX P and recycled to be used again. in the fluorination step of the present process.
  • Said compound AX P may be KCl, LiCl, NaCl, MgC or CaC.
  • the fluorination step is carried out in a glass reactor equipped with a double wall in which circulates a thermofluid regulated at the temperature T1, an agitator, a thermometer and surmounted by a vertical refrigerant.
  • the vertical refrigerant is cooled to a temperature T2 of -4 ° C.
  • the refrigerant is connected to a stainless steel gas cylinder cooled with dry ice.
  • the reaction mixture is stirred and the refluxing reaction mixture is heated for 30 minutes, thus regulating the temperature T1 of the thermofluid circulating in the double wall of the reactor at 165 ° C.
  • the starting material, the reaction co-products and the solvent are refluxed, whereas only hexafluorobutadiene C 4 F 6 passes through the refrigerant.
  • the latter is recovered by condensation in the dry ice trap. After 6 hours the reaction is stopped. 29 g of hexafluorobutadiene measured by GPC at 99% purity are recovered.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a polyinsaturated perfluorinated compound B from a polyinsaturated perhalogenated compound D having the formula CnX2(n-m+1), in which X is independently selected from one of the halogens, F, Cl, Br or I, provided at least one X is not fluorine; n is the number of carbon atoms and is at least higher than or equal to 4, m is the number of double carbon-carbon bonds and is higher than or equal to 2, wherein the method comprises a step in which compound D is fluorinated in the presence of a fluorinating agent of general formula AFp, in which A is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and p is 1 or 2, and in the presence of an aprotic organic polar solvent; the method being carried out with a molar ratio of AFp to compound D of less than 1.45*2(n-m+1).

Description

Procédé de fluoration de composés perchlorés  Process for fluorinating perchlorinated compounds
Domaine technique Technical area
L'invention concerne un procédé de fluoration de composés perhalogénés. En particulier, l'invention se rapporte à la fluoration de composés perhalogénés polyinsaturés en milieu liquide pour former des composés de type perfluoro-polyinsaturés.  The invention relates to a process for the fluorination of perhalogenated compounds. In particular, the invention relates to the fluorination of perhalogenated polyunsaturated compounds in a liquid medium to form perfluoro-polyunsaturated compounds.
Arrière-plan technologique de l'invention Technological background of the invention
Les composés fluorés ont un fort potentiel dans de nombreux domaines d'applications. Cependant, l'utilisation de nombreux composés est limitée à cause de leur méthode de préparation parfois coûteuse et/ou difficile à mettre en œuvre.  Fluorinated compounds have a high potential in many fields of application. However, the use of many compounds is limited because of their preparation method is sometimes expensive and / or difficult to implement.
Par exemple, les composés perfluorés polyinsaturés comme l'hexafluorobutadiène est utilisé dans la gravure de composés électroniques. Sa préparation est réalisée par divers procédés faisant appel aux réactions couplage en C2 et de fluoration par le fluor F2. For example, perfluorinated polyunsaturated compounds such as hexafluorobutadiene is used in the etching of electronic compounds. Its preparation is carried out by various processes using coupling reactions C 2 and fluorination with fluorine F 2.
Une autre voie de synthèse consiste à mettre en œuvre des réactions de fluoration de l'hexachlorobutadiene en phase liquide. Cependant, ces réactions ne permettent pas la fluoration totale de l'hexachlorobutadiene pour former l'hexafluorobutadiène. On connaît notamment par US 3,287,425 décrit la fluoration de l'hexachlorobutadiene en présence de fluorure de potassium pour former un mélange de 2,2-dichloroperfluoropropane et de 2-chloro- 2-hydroperfluoropropane.  Another synthetic route consists of implementing fluorination reactions of hexachlorobutadiene in the liquid phase. However, these reactions do not allow the total fluorination of hexachlorobutadiene to form hexafluorobutadiene. US Pat. No. 3,287,425 describes the fluorination of hexachlorobutadiene in the presence of potassium fluoride to form a mixture of 2,2-dichloroperfluoropropane and 2-chloro-2-hydroperfluoropropane.
La fluoration du perchlorohexatriene a également été mise en œuvre en présence de SbF5 à une température de 150°C à 300°C (US 2,431,969). Le produit final comprend 12% de chlore ce qui implique une fluoration uniquement partielle du perchlorohexatriene. Fluorination of perchlorohexatriene was also carried out in the presence of SbF 5 at a temperature of 150 ° C to 300 ° C (US 2,431,969). The final product contains 12% chlorine, which implies only partial fluorination of perchlorohexatriene.
Il existe donc encore un besoin pour permettre la préparation de composés polyène fluorés par des réactions sélectives et abordables.  There is therefore still a need to allow the preparation of fluorinated polyene compounds by selective and affordable reactions.
Résumé de l'invention Summary of the invention
La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de préparation d'un composé B perfluoré polyinsaturé à partir d'un composé D perhalogéné polyinsaturé de formule CnX2(n-m+i) dans laquelle The present invention relates to a process for preparing a polyunsaturated perfluorinated compound B from a polyunsaturated perhalogenated compound D of formula C n X2 (n-m + 1) in which
X est choisi indépendamment parmi un halogène F, Cl, Br ou I, à condition qu'au moins un X ne soit pas un fluor ;  X is independently selected from F, Cl, Br or I halogen, provided that at least one X is not fluorine;
n est le nombre d'atomes de carbone et est au moins supérieur ou égal à 4, m est le nombre de doubles liaisons carbone-carbone et est supérieur ou égale à 2 ; ledit procédé comprenant l'étape de fluoration du composé D en présence d'un agent de fluoration de formule générale AFP dans laquelle A est l'hydrogène un métal alcalin ou un métal alcalino-terreux, et p est 1 ou 2 ; et en présence d'un solvant organique polaire aprotique ; ledit procédé étant effectué avec un ratio molaire AFp/composé D est inférieur à l,30*2(n-m+l). n is the number of carbon atoms and is at least greater than or equal to 4, m is the number of carbon-carbon double bonds and is greater than or equal to 2; said process comprising the step of fluorinating compound D in the presence of a fluorinating agent of the general formula AF P wherein A is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and p is 1 or 2; and in the presence of an aprotic polar organic solvent; said method being carried out with a mole ratio AF p / compound D is less than 1.30 * 2 (n-m + 1).
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le composé D est un composé perchloré polyinsaturé de formule CnCl2(n-m+i). According to a preferred embodiment, compound D is a polyunsaturated perchlorinated compound of formula C n Cl2 ( n -m + i).
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le composé D est l'hexachlorobutadiène.  According to a preferred embodiment, the compound D is hexachlorobutadiene.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le composé B est l'hexafluorobutadiène.  According to a preferred embodiment, compound B is hexafluorobutadiene.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le ratio molaire AFp/composé D est inférieur à l,15*2(n-m+l). According to a preferred embodiment, the molar ratio AF p / compound D is less than 1.15 * 2 (n-m + 1).
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, l'agent de fluoration est LiF, KF, NaF, MgF2 ou According to a preferred embodiment, the fluorinating agent is LiF, KF, NaF, MgF2 or
CaF2. CaF 2 .
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le solvant organique polaire aprotique est choisi parmi le groupe consistant en un éther, un amide, une aminé, un sulfoxide, une cétone, un nitrile et un ester.  According to a preferred embodiment, the aprotic polar organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of an ether, an amide, an amine, a sulfoxide, a ketone, a nitrile and an ester.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le solvant organique polaire aprotique est choisi parmi le groupe consistant en 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, tetrahydrofurane, 1,2- dimethoxyéthane, dimethylsulfoxyde, diéthylsulfoxyde, N-methylpyrrolidone, diméthylformamide, diméthylacétamide, acétate d'éthyle, acétone, propanone, 2-pentanone, butanone, n-butylacétate, triéthylamine, pyridine et acétonitrile.  According to a preferred embodiment, the aprotic polar organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethylsulfoxide, diethylsulfoxide and the like. , N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, ethyl acetate, acetone, propanone, 2-pentanone, butanone, n-butylacetate, triethylamine, pyridine and acetonitrile.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, un premier flux comprenant le composé B, des coproduits de la réaction de fluoration et éventuellement du composé D n'ayant pas réagi est récupéré et séparé par distillation pour former un second flux comprenant les coproduits de la réaction et le composé D n'ayant pas réagi et un troisième flux comprenant le composé B, de préférence les coproduits sont de formule CnX2(n-m+i) tel que définie dans la présente invention dans laquelle au moins un X n'est pas un fluor. According to a preferred embodiment, a first stream comprising compound B, co-products of the fluorination reaction and optionally unreacted compound D is recovered and separated by distillation to form a second stream comprising the reaction co-products and the unreacted compound D and a third stream comprising compound B, preferably the co-products are of formula C n X2 (n-m + 1) as defined in the present invention in which at least one X is not a fluoride.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, un composé de formule AXP est formé et le composé D n'ayant pas réagi est séparé de celui-ci puis recyclé ; A, X et p étant tels que définis ci-dessus. According to a particular embodiment, a compound of formula AX P is formed and unreacted compound D is separated therefrom and then recycled; A, X and p being as defined above.
Description détaillée de l'invention Selon un premier aspect, la présente invention fournit un procédé de préparation d'un composé B perfluoré polyinsaturé. Avantageusement, ledit composé B perfluoré polyinsaturé peut être obtenu à partir d'un composé D perhalogéné polyinsaturé de formule CnX2(n-m+i) dans laquelle : Detailed description of the invention In a first aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing a polyunsaturated perfluorinated compound B. Advantageously, said polyunsaturated perfluorinated compound B can be obtained from a polyunsaturated perhalogenated compound D of formula C n X2 (n-m + 1) in which:
X est choisi indépendamment parmi un halogène F, Cl, Br ou I, à condition qu'au moins un X ne soit pas un fluor ;  X is independently selected from F, Cl, Br or I halogen, provided that at least one X is not fluorine;
n est le nombre d'atomes de carbone et est au moins supérieur ou égal à 4, m est le nombre de doubles liaisons carbone-carbone et est supérieur ou égale à 2. Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, ledit procédé comprend une étape de fluoration du composé D en présence d'un agent de fluoration.  n is the number of carbon atoms and is at least greater than or equal to 4, m is the number of carbon-carbon double bonds and is greater than or equal to 2. According to a preferred embodiment, said method comprises a step of fluorination of compound D in the presence of a fluorinating agent.
De préférence, l'agent de fluoration est de formule générale AFP dans laquelle A est l'hydrogène un métal alcalin ou un métal alcalino-terreux, et p est 1 ou 2. Preferably, the fluorinating agent is of the general formula AF P wherein A is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and p is 1 or 2.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, l'étape de fluoration du composé D est mise e œuvre en présence d'un solvant organique polaire aprotique.  According to a preferred embodiment, the fluorination step of compound D is carried out in the presence of an aprotic polar organic solvent.
Ainsi, selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le procédé selon la présente invention comprend une étape de fluoration du composé D en présence d'un agent de fluoration de formule générale AFP dans laquelle A est l'hydrogène un métal alcalin ou un métal alcalino- terreux, et p est 1 ou 2 ; en présence d'un solvant organique polaire aprotique. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment, the process according to the present invention comprises a step of fluorinating compound D in the presence of a fluorinating agent of general formula AF P in which A is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkaline metal. - earthy, and p is 1 or 2; in the presence of an aprotic polar organic solvent.
De préférence, l'étape de fluoration du composé D est mise en œuvre avec un ratio molaire AFp/composé D inférieur à l,45*2(n-m+l). Preferably, the fluorination step of compound D is carried out with an AF p / compound D molar ratio of less than 1.45 * 2 (n-m + 1).
Ainsi, ledit procédé selon la présente invention comprend une étape de fluoration du composé D en présence d'un agent de fluoration de formule générale AFP dans laquelle A est l'hydrogène un métal alcalin ou un métal alcalino-terreux, et p est 1 ou 2 ; en présence d'un solvant organique polaire aprotique ; le ratio molaire AFp/composé D étant inférieur à l,45*2(n- m+1). Thus, said process according to the present invention comprises a step of fluorinating compound D in the presence of a fluorinating agent of general formula AF P in which A is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and p is 1 or 2; in the presence of an aprotic polar organic solvent; the molar ratio AF p / compound D being less than 1.45 * 2 (n-m + 1).
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le composé D est un composé de type perchloré polyinsaturé de formule CnCl2(n-m+i). De préférence, le composé D est l'hexachlorobutadiène. According to a preferred embodiment, the compound D is a polyunsaturated perchlorinated compound of formula C n Cl2 ( n -m + i). Preferably, compound D is hexachlorobutadiene.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le composé B peut être le perfluorohexatriene ou l'hexafluorobutadiène. De préférence, le composé B est l'hexafluorobutadiène.  According to one embodiment, the compound B may be perfluorohexatriene or hexafluorobutadiene. Preferably, compound B is hexafluorobutadiene.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, le ratio molaire AFp/composé D est inférieur à l,40*2(n-m+l) ; avantageusement inférieur à l,30*2(n-m+l), de préférence inférieur à l,25*2(n-m+l), plus préférentiellement inférieur à l,15*2(n-m+l), en particulier l,10*2(n- m+1). Ce ratio molaire proche de la stœchiométrie permet la fluoration complète du composé D contrairement à ce qui est connu de l'art antérieur. According to a preferred embodiment, the molar ratio AF p / compound D is less than 1.40 * 2 (n-m + 1); preferably less than 1.30 * 2 (n-m + 1), preferably less than 1.25 * 2 (n-m + 1), more preferably less than 1, 15 * 2 (n-m + 1), in particular l, 10 * 2 (n- m + 1). This molar ratio close to stoichiometry allows the complete fluorination of compound D unlike what is known from the prior art.
De préférence, l'agent de fluoration est LiF, KF, NaF, MgF2 ou CaF2 ou un mélange de ceux-ci. De préférence, l'agent de fluoration est le fluorure de potassium KF.  Preferably, the fluorinating agent is LiF, KF, NaF, MgF2 or CaF2 or a mixture thereof. Preferably, the fluorinating agent is potassium fluoride KF.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le solvant organique polaire aprotique est choisi parmi le groupe consistant en un éther, un amide, une aminé, un sulfoxyde, une cétone, un nitrile et un ester.  According to a particular embodiment, the aprotic polar organic solvent is chosen from the group consisting of an ether, an amide, an amine, a sulfoxide, a ketone, a nitrile and an ester.
Avantageusement, le solvant organique polaire aprotique est choisi parmi le groupe consistant en 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, tetrahydrofurane, 1,2-dimethoxyéthane, dimethylsulfoxyde, diéthylsulfoxyde, N-methylpyrrolidone, diméthylformamide, diméthylacétamide, acétate d'éthyle, acétone, propanone, 2-pentanone, butanone, n- butylacétate, triéthylamine, pyridine et acétonitrile.  Advantageously, the aprotic polar organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethylsulfoxide, diethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, ethyl acetate, acetone, propanone, 2-pentanone, butanone, n-butylacetate, triethylamine, pyridine and acetonitrile.
De préférence, le solvant organique polaire aprotique a un point d'ébullition supérieur à 100°C à pression atmosphérique.  Preferably, the aprotic polar organic solvent has a boiling point greater than 100 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
Ainsi, de préférence, le solvant organique polaire aprotique est 1,3-dioxane, 1,4- dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone, diméthylformamide, diméthylacétamide, propanone, 2-pentanone, butanone, dimethylsulfoxyde ou diéthylsulfoxyde.  Thus, the aprotic polar organic solvent is preferably 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, propanone, 2-pentanone, butanone, dimethylsulfoxide or diethylsulfoxide. .
En particulier, le solvant organique polaire aprotique est choisi parmi le groupe consistant en 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, diméthylformamide et diméthlysulfoxyde.  In particular, the polar aprotic organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, dimethylformamide and dimethlysulfoxide.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, l'étape de fluoration est effectuée au reflux du solvant.  According to a preferred embodiment, the fluorination step is carried out at reflux of the solvent.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, l'étape de fluoration est effectuée pour une durée comprise entre 1 heure et 10 heures.  According to a preferred embodiment, the fluorination step is carried out for a duration of between 1 hour and 10 hours.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, un flux comprenant le composé B est récupéré et séparé par distillation des coproduits de la réaction et du composé D n'ayant pas réagi.  According to a preferred embodiment, a stream comprising compound B is recovered and separated by distillation from the reaction co-products and unreacted compound D.
De préférence, les coproduits sont de formule CnX2(n-m+i) telle que définie dans la présente demande dans laquelle au moins un X n'est pas un fluor. Les coproduits de la réaction peuvent comprendre des composés monochloropentafluorés de formule C4F5CI, des composés dichlorotetrafluorés de formule C4F4CI2. Preferably, the co-products are of formula C n X2 (n-m + 1) as defined in the present application in which at least one X is not a fluorine. The coproducts of the reaction may comprise monochloropentafluoro compounds of formula C 4 F 5 CI, dichlorotetrafluoro compounds of formula C4F4Cl2.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, un composé de formule AXP est formé lors de l'étape de fluoration, A, X et p étant tels que définis ci-dessus. Avantageusement, le composé D n'ayant pas réagi est séparé de ce composé AXP puis recyclé pour être de nouveau mis en œuvre dans l'étape de fluoration du présent procédé. Ledit composé AXP peut être KCI, LiCI, NaCI, MgC ou CaC . According to a preferred embodiment, a compound of formula AX P is formed during the fluorination step, A, X and p being as defined above. Advantageously, the unreacted compound D is separated from this compound AX P and recycled to be used again. in the fluorination step of the present process. Said compound AX P may be KCl, LiCl, NaCl, MgC or CaC.
Exemple Example
L'étape de fluoration est effectuée dans un réacteur en verre muni d'une double paroi où circule un thermofluide régulé à la température Tl, d'un agitateur, d'un thermomètre et surmonté d'un réfrigérant vertical. Le réfrigérant vertical est refroidi à une température T2 de - 4°C. Le réfrigérant est relié à une bouteille à gaz en inox refroidi par de la carboglace. Dans le réacteur, on introduit : The fluorination step is carried out in a glass reactor equipped with a double wall in which circulates a thermofluid regulated at the temperature T1, an agitator, a thermometer and surmounted by a vertical refrigerant. The vertical refrigerant is cooled to a temperature T2 of -4 ° C. The refrigerant is connected to a stainless steel gas cylinder cooled with dry ice. In the reactor, we introduce:
• 500ml de diméthylformamide ;  • 500ml of dimethylformamide;
• 87g d'hexachlorobutadiène (0.33moles) ;  87 g of hexachlorobutadiene (0.33 mol);
• 120g de fluorure de potassium anhydre (6.2moles) préalablement broyé et séché.  • 120g of anhydrous potassium fluoride (6.2moles), previously ground and dried.
On met sous agitation le mélange réactionnel et on porte en 30 mn le mélange réactionnel au reflux réglant ainsi la température Tl du thermofluide circulant dans la double paroi du réacteur à 165°C. Le produit de départ, les coproduits de la réaction et le solvant sont au reflux, tandis que seul l'hexafluorobutadiène C4F6 traverse le réfrigérant. Ce dernier est récupéré par condensation dans le piège à carboglace. A bout de 6 heures la réaction est arrêtée. On récupère 29g d'hexafluorobutadiène dosé par CPG à 99% de pureté. The reaction mixture is stirred and the refluxing reaction mixture is heated for 30 minutes, thus regulating the temperature T1 of the thermofluid circulating in the double wall of the reactor at 165 ° C. The starting material, the reaction co-products and the solvent are refluxed, whereas only hexafluorobutadiene C 4 F 6 passes through the refrigerant. The latter is recovered by condensation in the dry ice trap. After 6 hours the reaction is stopped. 29 g of hexafluorobutadiene measured by GPC at 99% purity are recovered.

Claims

Procédé de préparation d'un composé B perfluoré polyinsaturé à partir d'un composé D perhalogéné polyinsaturé de formule CnX2(n-m+i) dans laquelle Process for the preparation of a polyunsaturated perfluorinated compound B from a polyunsaturated perhalogenated compound D of formula C n X2 (n-m + 1) in which
X est choisi indépendamment parmi un halogène F, Cl, Br ou I, à condition qu'au moins un X ne soit pas un fluor ;  X is independently selected from F, Cl, Br or I halogen, provided that at least one X is not fluorine;
n est le nombre d'atomes de carbone et est au moins supérieur ou égal à 4, m est le nombre de doubles liaisons carbone-carbone et est supérieur ou égale à 2 ; ledit procédé comprenant l'étape de fluoration du composé D en présence d'un agent de fluoration de formule générale AFP dans laquelle A est l'hydrogène un métal alcalin ou un métal alcalino-terreux, et p est 1 ou 2 ; et en présence d'un solvant organique polaire aprotique ; ledit procédé étant effectué avec un ratio molaire AFp/composé D est inférieur à l,30*2(n-m+l). n is the number of carbon atoms and is at least greater than or equal to 4, m is the number of carbon-carbon double bonds and is greater than or equal to 2; said process comprising the step of fluorinating compound D in the presence of a fluorinating agent of the general formula AF P wherein A is hydrogen, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and p is 1 or 2; and in the presence of an aprotic polar organic solvent; said method being carried out with a mole ratio AF p / compound D is less than 1.30 * 2 (n-m + 1).
Procédé selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que le composé D est un perchlorés polyinsaturés de formule CnCl2(n-m+i). Process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that compound D is a polyunsaturated perchlorinated compound of formula C n Cl2 ( n -m + 1).
Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le composé D est l'hexachlorobutadiène. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that compound D is hexachlorobutadiene.
Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le composé B est l'hexafluorobutadiène. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that compound B is hexafluorobutadiene.
Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le ratio molaire AFp/composé D est inférieur à l,15*2(n-m+l). Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molar ratio AF p / compound D is less than 1.15 * 2 (n-m + 1).
Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'agent de fluoration est LiF, KF, NaF, MgF2 ou CaF2. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluorinating agent is LiF, KF, NaF, MgF 2 or CaF 2 .
Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le solvant organique polaire aprotique est choisi parmi le groupe consistant en un éther, un amide, une aminé, un sulfoxide, une cétone, un nitrile et un ester. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que le solvant organique polaire aprotique est choisi parmi le groupe consistant en 1,3- dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, tetrahydrofurane, 1,2-dimethoxyéthane, dimethylsulfoxyde, diéthylsulfoxyde, N-methylpyrrolidone, diméthylformamide, diméthylacétamide, acétate d'éthyle, acétone, propanone, 2-pentanone, butanone, n- butylacétate, triéthylamine, pyridine et acétonitrile. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aprotic polar organic solvent is chosen from the group consisting of an ether, an amide, an amine, a sulphoxide, a ketone, a nitrile and an ester. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polar aprotic organic solvent is chosen from the group consisting of 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane and tetrahydrofuran, 1,2 -dimethoxyethane, dimethylsulfoxide, diethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, ethyl acetate, acetone, propanone, 2-pentanone, butanone, n-butylacetate, triethylamine, pyridine and acetonitrile.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'un premier flux comprenant le composé B, des coproduits de la réaction de fluoration et éventuellement du composé D n'ayant pas réagi est récupéré et séparé par distillation pour former un second flux comprenant les coproduits de la réaction et le composé D n'ayant pas réagi et un troisième flux comprenant le composé B, de préférence les coproduits sont de formule CnX2(n-m+i) tel que définie à la revendication 1 dans laquelle au moins un X n'est pas un fluor. 9. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first stream comprising compound B, co-products of the fluorination reaction and optionally unreacted compound D is recovered and separated by distillation to form a second stream comprising the reaction coproducts and unreacted compound D and a third stream comprising compound B, preferably the co-products are of formula C n X2 (n-m + 1) as defined in claim 1 wherein at least one X is not fluorine.
10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que un composé de formule AXP est formé et le composé D n'ayant pas réagi est séparé de celui-ci puis recyclé ; A, X et p étant tels que définis ci-dessus. 10. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a compound of formula AX P is formed and unreacted compound D is separated therefrom and then recycled; A, X and p being as defined above.
EP17717779.7A 2016-04-04 2017-03-20 Method for fluorinating perchlorinated compounds Withdrawn EP3440039A1 (en)

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