EP3436808A1 - Dispositif pour la determination de parametres petrophysiques d'une formation souterraine - Google Patents
Dispositif pour la determination de parametres petrophysiques d'une formation souterraineInfo
- Publication number
- EP3436808A1 EP3436808A1 EP17709699.7A EP17709699A EP3436808A1 EP 3436808 A1 EP3436808 A1 EP 3436808A1 EP 17709699 A EP17709699 A EP 17709699A EP 3436808 A1 EP3436808 A1 EP 3436808A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- measurements
- formation
- electrodes
- sample
- measuring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/026—Dielectric impedance spectroscopy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V3/20—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with propagation of electric current
- G01V3/24—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with propagation of electric current using ac
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/18—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V3/26—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of exploration and exploitation of a fluid contained in an underground formation.
- the present invention may relate to the exploration and exploitation of petroleum reservoirs, or geological gas storage sites, such as carbon dioxide (noted C0 2 thereafter) or methane.
- Exploration and exploitation of oil deposits requires the acquisition of as precise a knowledge of underground geology as possible, in order to effectively provide a reserve assessment, a production modeling, or a pipeline management. exploitation.
- the determination of the location of a production well or injection well within a hydrocarbon deposit, the formation of drilling mud, the completion characteristics, the choice of a process for the recovery of hydrocarbons (such as water injection for example) and the parameters necessary for the implementation of this process need to be well known the deposit.
- a good knowledge of a deposit means a description as accurate as possible of the structure of the deposit studied, its petrophysical properties, or the properties of the fluids present in the deposit studied.
- the oil industry combines measurements made in situ (during seismic surveys, measurements in wells, coring, etc.), measurements made in the laboratory (study of thin sections, permeability measurements, etc.), as well as that numerical simulations (realized by means of software, aimed at reproducing as precisely as possible the physical and / or chemical phenomena occurring in situ or at laboratory scale).
- This knowledge is generally formalized in the form of a mesh, known as the "geological model", each mesh comprising one or more petrophysical parameters (such as porosity, permeability, lithology).
- the tank engineering specialist implements a calculation software, called "tank simulator”.
- the reservoir simulator is a flow simulator, which calculates the flows and pressure evolution within the reservoir represented by a "reservoir model". The results of these calculations make it possible in particular to predict and optimize exploitation schemes (definition the number of wells to be implanted, their position, the mode of assisted recovery, etc.) of the deposit studied in order to improve the flows and / or the quantities of recovered hydrocarbons.
- the present invention aims at the determination of petrophysical parameters relating to the subterranean formation studied, at a given stage of its exploitation or throughout its exploitation, and this on the basis of electrical type measurements, preferably carried out at different scales (at the same time). laboratory scale and well scale).
- PS Spontaneous potential measurements
- the measurement of PS is used in order to highlight the presence of a rise of electrically charged hot fluids, inducing an electric signal by electrofiltration, and producing a negative PS anomaly.
- PSI Induced spectral polarization
- PPS Spectral Induced Polarization
- these PSI measurements were in the past carried out in the field of low frequencies (maximum 10 kHz), only under surface conditions, and targeted measurements on portions of unconsolidated underground formations, c. that is to say, portions of subterranean formations of near surface.
- resistivity logging tools
- the existing resistivity log tools measure the resistivity in single-frequency mode, the transmission frequency being for example equal to 500 Hz, or 1 kHz or 100 MHz depending on the tools used.
- One of the objects of the present invention is a device integrating both a spontaneous potential measuring means and a means for measuring the complex electrical resistivity in a wide frequency band (for example between 10mHz and 30 MHz).
- a wide frequency band for example between 10mHz and 30 MHz.
- This device can be declined both at the laboratory scale and at the well scale (it is a logging tool in this case).
- measurements made from the device according to the invention can be fully automated and / or collected and / or analyzed without human intervention.
- One of the objects of the invention consists of a method implementing both the laboratory device and the well device thus described.
- this method can make it possible, by calibrating between the well measurements and the laboratory measurements, to quantify petrophysical parameters relating to the formation studied, such as relative permeability and water saturation. These petrophysical parameters are then useful for the determination of an optimal exploitation scheme of the formation.
- the subject of the invention relates to a device for the determination of petrophysical parameters of a portion of a subterranean formation comprising a fluid, said device comprising: at least two electrodes;
- said frequencies may be in a frequency range whose lower limit is between 1 and 20 mHz, and the upper bound is between 28 and 32 MHz.
- said electrodes may be of impolarisable metallic material.
- the number of said electrodes may be between 4 and 8, preferably 6.
- a part of the electrodes may be distributed over a length of a support formed of an insulating material.
- said device may be intended for laboratory measurements, said portion of said formation being a sample of said formation, for example taken by coring, and:
- said support may be a flexible sleeve of substantially cylindrical shape intended to receive said sample
- said electrodes may be at least four in number and two of said electrodes are placed so as to be in contact with each of the free sections of said sample;
- said length of said support may be oriented along the axis of revolution of said support.
- said sleeve may be a heat-shrinkable sheath and at least two of said electrodes may be stitched onto said sheath, so as to pass through said sheath.
- said device may furthermore comprise means for injecting a working fluid into said sample and for regulating the flow rate of said working fluid, and means for measuring the fluid pressure in at least two locations of said sample.
- said device may further comprise a hydraulic confinement cell and / or temperature control means.
- said device may further comprise geochemical measurement means such as means for measuring the alkalinity, the conductivity, the major cation-anion contents, trace element contents, the dissolved gas content after sampling.
- geochemical measurement means such as means for measuring the alkalinity, the conductivity, the major cation-anion contents, trace element contents, the dissolved gas content after sampling.
- said device may be intended for measurements within at least one well drilled in said formation such as logging measurements, said portion of said formation being an area surrounding said well in which device is inserted, said device being of substantially cylindrical shape, said electrodes possibly being rings of diameter slightly greater than the diameter of said support and being able to be distributed along the axis of revolution of said cylinder.
- said resistivity measuring means, said electrical potential difference measuring means, said means for measuring emission of an electric current may be intended to be placed on the surface of said formation and may cooperate with said electrodes by means of connection resistant to the pressure and temperature conditions inherent to measurements in wells.
- the invention also relates to a method of operating a subterranean formation comprising a fluid, from at least one sample of said formation, said formation being traversed by at least one well, said method possibly comprising at least the following steps :
- At least spontaneous potential and induced spectral polarization measurements are performed on said sample by one of the embodiments of the device for laboratory measurements, and representative petrophysical parameters are determined said sample;
- spontaneous potential and induced spectral polarization measurements are carried out in said well by means of at least one device according to one of the embodiments of the device intended for measurements within a well;
- said measurements made in said well are calibrated using said measurements made on said sample and deduced petrophysical parameters representative of said formation;
- step i) it is possible to measure:
- said measures a), b) and c) can be repeated for different confining pressures and / or different temperatures.
- said petrophysical parameters representative of said formation and / or of said sample may be relative permeability and / or saturation.
- step ii) can be repeated as and when the said formation is used.
- Figure 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention for laboratory measurements.
- Figure 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention for well measurements.
- FIG. 4 shows an exemplary configuration intended for the permanent monitoring of a site for operating a fluid contained within a formation, comprising two devices according to the invention intended for well measurements.
- Figure 5 shows the evolution of the electrical potential difference dV as a function of the fluid pressure variation dP for different samples from a subterranean formation.
- Figure 6 shows the evolution of the relative electrokinetic coupling coefficient Cr as a function of the fluid saturation Sw, for different electrode positions illustrated in Figure 2, in the case of a Brauvilliers limestone.
- Figure 7 shows the evolution of the phase angle P of the complex electrical resistivity as a function of the frequency F in the case of a Brauvilliers limestone, and for different saturations in brine Sw. Detailed description of the device
- One of the objects of the invention relates to a device for an integrated measurement of the complex electrical resistivity and the spontaneous potential, with a view to determining petrophysical parameters relating to a portion of a subterranean formation comprising a fluid. These petrophysical parameters are particularly useful for defining an optimal exploitation scheme of the underground formation studied.
- a portion of the underground formation studied can be for example:
- the device according to the invention is intended for so-called “laboratory” measurements and is called “laboratory device according to the invention” thereafter;
- the device according to the invention is intended for so-called
- the device according to the invention comprises:
- a means for measuring the electrical resistivity in amplitude and in phase (or means for measuring complex electrical resistivity) connected to at least two other electrodes;
- a means for measuring an electric potential difference connected to at least two electrodes.
- the device according to the invention makes it possible, in an integrated manner and in a single experiment, to perform at least two types of measurements: a measurement of spontaneous potential (by means of at least two of the electrodes and the means for measuring a difference of electric potential) and an induced spectral polarization measurement (by means of at least two of the electrodes, the means for transmitting a frequency-variable electric current, and the means for measuring the amplitude and phase electrical resistivity ).
- the device according to the invention makes it possible to guarantee that two types of measurements, namely measurements of Spontaneous Potential and Induced Spectral Polarization measurements, are carried out under the same experimental conditions (portion of the formation that is identical and not degraded by successive measures, positions strictly identical electrodes for both types of measurement, strictly identical pressure and temperature conditions, etc.), which increases the reliability of the measurement.
- having a single integrated measurement device makes it possible, for an industrialist, to reduce the overall operating costs of the device (purchase and maintenance costs reduced to a single device, reducing the number of operations by the technician in charge of the experiments).
- the means for measuring the electrical resistivity in amplitude and in phase comprises a means for measuring the electrical potential difference and a means for processing the measurement of the electrical potential difference.
- the means for processing the electrical potential difference measurement makes it possible to determine the amplitude and the phase of the electrical potential difference measurement made for an electric current emitted at a given frequency by means of the means for emitting a current. variable frequency electric.
- the device according to the invention comprises means for automating the measurements made by the device according to the invention, and / or a means for collecting and / or analyzing said measurements.
- the measurements to be made by the device according to the invention can be pre-programmed and do not require human intervention to manually change the measurement parameters (intensity of the injected current, sampled frequencies, etc. ) and / or the measurement conditions (surrounding pressure, temperature, fluid saturation, etc.).
- the means for collecting the measurements also makes it possible to collect, centralize and store all the measurements made by the device according to the invention, automatically via the means of automation, or with human intervention.
- the measurement analysis means performed automatically or manually by a technician, collected by a collection means or manually by a technician, can be analyzed automatically and systematically by an analysis means.
- This analysis means may comprise a computer on which software is implemented to analyze the measurements from the device according to the invention.
- this software can make it possible to draw a plurality of curves, representing the measured values as a function of different measurement parameters and / or measurement conditions, parameters and conditions which have been for example pre-programmed in advance by the specialist.
- the frequencies emitted by the means for transmitting a frequency-variable electric current are between 1 ⁇ and 1 GHz.
- the PSI is particularly sensitive, in the case of a 100% brine saturation, the size of the polarizable grains, the specific surface area, the pore size, the permeability, and the Archie cementation factor, whereas in the case of a two-phase medium ( comprising water or brine, and another non-conductive fluid such as gas and / or oil), at the saturation percentage in brine S w .
- a relaxation time also called a low frequency critical frequency
- phase angle also called a phase angle
- the device according to the invention makes it possible to emit an electrical signal in a frequency range whose lower limit is between 1 and 20 mHz (and preferably equal to 10 mHz), and the upper bound is between 28 and 32. MHz (and preferably equal to 30 MHz), which limits the time allotted to the measurement, while allowing access to the aforementioned quantities. Indeed, as shown in FIG.
- these limit values of the preferential frequency range are sufficient to "capture" the major trends in the variations of the complex electrical resistivity as a function of the frequency emitted, which will make it possible to deduce petrophysical parameters (such as saturation, permeability, porosity etc.) characteristics of the formation portion considered.
- the Induced Spectral Polarization measurements are made for about fifty different frequency values and sampling, on a logarithmic scale, the frequency range chosen regularly.
- the electrodes of the device according to the invention consist of a conductive material (such as metal) impolarisable (for example composed of silver or silver chloride).
- a conductive material such as metal
- impolarisable for example composed of silver or silver chloride.
- the device comprises between four and eight electrodes, preferably six.
- the plurality of electrodes makes it possible to carry out measurements of electrical potential difference and / or electrical resistivity at different locations of the formation portion studied and thus to better characterize the formation portion.
- the device further comprises a support formed of an insulating material, at least a portion of the electrodes being distributed over a length of the support in question.
- the dimensions and the shape of the support are a function of the dimensions and the shape of the portion of the formation considered, so that the portion of the electrodes of the device distributed over a length of the support are in contact with the portion of the the training studied.
- the support in which the portion of the formation studied is a sample of the formation, taken for example by coring, the support may be a flexible sleeve, along which part of the electrodes are distributed, the dimensions of the support allowing the electrodes in question to be in contact with the sample studied when the latter is inserted into the sleeve.
- the sleeve is preferably also of substantially cylindrical shape; its circumference may be slightly greater than that of the sample, so that the sample can be inserted into the sleeve while being held.
- the support is substantially cylindrical in shape (a well having a very generally cylindrical shape).
- the electrodes are distributed along the axis of revolution of the support, and the circumference of the support is related to the circumference of said well so that the support can be inserted into the well and that the electrodes are in contact with the portion of the training to study.
- the electrodes are rings of diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the support, and fixed to said support. Reception and current emission is then possible radially in the formation studied.
- two electrodes are arranged regularly along the axis of revolution of the sleeve and two other electrodes are free and may be placed so as to establish an electrical contact on each of the free sections of the Training sample inserted into the sleeve.
- the electrodes placed on the free sections are connected to the means for emitting the frequency-variable electric current, and the at least two other electrodes distributed on the sleeve are connected to the means for measuring the electrical resistivity in amplitude and in phase.
- all the electrodes are also connected to the electrical potential difference measurement means, for example via a multiplexer.
- the sleeve in question may comprise a heat-shrinkable sheath.
- This type of sheath is particularly resistant to high temperatures and high pressures while preserving the tightness of the sheath.
- This type of sheath is also more inert from a physicochemical point of view.
- two electrodes are stitched through the sheath (so as to pass through this sheath), and thus allow contact with the sample inserted into the sheath. These electrodes are electrically connected by means of measurements of the complex electrical resistivity, and preferably also by means of measuring the electrical potential. At least two other electrodes are in direct contact with the sample and are electrically connected to the emission means of a variable frequency electric current, and preferably also by means of electrical potential measurement.
- the device further comprises means for injecting a working fluid into the sample and for regulating the flow rate of said working fluid.
- the means for injecting a working fluid into said sample and for regulating the flow rate of said working fluid can make it possible to carry out complex electrical resistivity measurements and spontaneous potential measurements for different types of fluids (water, oil, gas in particular) and for different respective saturation values of these fluids.
- This makes it possible to evaluate petrophysical parameters relating to a sample of an underground formation for different fluid saturation conditions (different fluids and for different saturations).
- These various measurements can in particular make it possible to draw abacuses which make it possible to inform the specialist of the petrophysical parameters expected for the formation considered, according to the various possible conditions of saturation.
- a means for measuring the fluid pressure in at least two places in the sample will advantageously be combined with the means for injecting a working fluid into the sample and for regulating the flow rate of said working fluid.
- This measurement configuration makes it possible in particular to carry out measurements of electrokinetic coupling coefficient in a saturated medium.
- the first main mode of implementation of the invention may further comprise a hydraulic confinement cell for receiving the sample.
- the confinement cell can make it possible to subject the sample of the formation in question to high pressures (for example of the order of 5 MPa).
- high pressures for example of the order of 5 MPa.
- This makes it possible to simulate, in the context of a laboratory measurement, the existing pressure conditions in the underground formation, which can be of the order of 8 to 40 MPa.
- the measurements of spontaneous potential and electrical resistivity carried out under conditions approaching the conditions in situ that is to say under the pressure conditions of the fluid reservoir studied
- the petrophysical parameters that can be deduced from these Measurements are representative of the actual petrophysical parameters, in situ, in contrast to measurements that are performed under surface conditions (pressure of about 1 MPa).
- the first main embodiment of the invention may further comprise a means for regulating the temperature, within said containment confinement cell, so as to simulate the temperature conditions within the studied formation (and which can reach 60 to 150 ° C).
- the first main mode of implementation of the invention may comprise geochemical measurement means such as means for measuring alkalinity, conductivity, major cation-anion contents, trace element contents. as well as the dissolved gas content after sampling.
- geochemical measurement means such as means for measuring alkalinity, conductivity, major cation-anion contents, trace element contents. as well as the dissolved gas content after sampling.
- the specialist in the field of petroleum geochemistry has perfect knowledge of ways to carry out such measurements. These measurements make it possible to inform the specialist about the precise characteristics of the fluids and gases present, which can contribute to refine the optimal exploitation scheme targeted by the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a variant of the first main mode of implementation of the device according to the invention, the various elements of the device in question can be arranged differently.
- this figure describes a device comprising a support SU of cylindrical shape, 4 EL electrodes including two electrodes distributed along the support SU and two other electrodes EL free, intended to be placed on each of the free sections of the inserted training sample. in the SU holder.
- the electrodes EL to be placed on the free sections are connected to the means for transmitting the MEC frequency-variable electric current, and the two other electrodes EL distributed on the sleeve S S are connected to the means for measuring the electrical resistivity MRE in amplitude and frequency. phase.
- the electrical potential difference measuring means MDP only two of the four electrodes A, D are connected to the electrical potential difference measuring means MDP, allowing measurements of spontaneous potential difference only between the electrodes A and D, but connections could be made between each of the electrodes A, B, C, D and the electrical potential difference measuring means MDP in order to allow a measurement of potential difference between the electrodes A and B, A and C, and A and D for example.
- the means for transmitting the frequency-variable electric current MEC, the means for measuring the electrical resistivity MRE in amplitude and in phase, and the means for measuring the electrical potential difference MDP are connected.
- Second main embodiment device for logging measurements
- the device according to the invention is intended for measurements within at least one well drilled in the studied formation such as logging measurements (said second main embodiment of the invention).
- the means for measuring the complex resistivity, the electrical potential difference measuring means, the means for emitting an electric current are intended to be placed on the surface of said formation and are connected to said electrodes by connection means resistant to the pressure and temperature conditions inherent to measurements in wells.
- This main embodiment of the device according to the invention allows, with a single logging tool, two types of measurement (electrical in this case), which is very advantageous from an operational point of view because the implementation Logging measurements are well known for being highly technical and costly. In addition, it is ensured in this way that the two measurements are perfectly performed at the same depth in the well and are representative of the same portion.
- the electrodes are put in direct contact with the wall of the well and therefore with the geological formation.
- the dimensions of the device for well measurements are of the order of 2500 mm in length and 45 mm in diameter.
- the electrodes are distributed uniformly over a length of the support of 2100 mm, the distance between two consecutive electrodes being 30 mm.
- Figure 3 shows a variant of the second main embodiment of the device according to the invention, for well measurements, the various elements of the device in question can be arranged differently.
- the support SU is a cylindrical tube placed in a well W drilled in a formation F, along which 7 annular electrodes EL are distributed, each electrode being connected to the means for measuring the spontaneous potential MDP and by means of measuring the complex electrical resistivity MRE, the electrodes at the two ends of the support being further connected to the means for transmitting the MEC frequency-variable electric current.
- the means for measuring the complex electrical resistivity MRE, the spontaneous potential MDP and the means for transmitting the frequency-variable electric current MEC are placed on the surface.
- the invention relates to a method of operating a subterranean formation comprising a fluid.
- This method requires at least one sample taken from the studied formation, the formation being traversed by at least one well, and comprises at least the following steps: Step 1: for at least one measurement condition, spontaneous potential and induced spectral polarization measurements are carried out on the sample in question by means of an embodiment of the device for laboratory measurements comprising means for injecting a sample. working fluid in the sample, means for regulating the flow of the working fluid, and a means for measuring the fluid pressure in at least two locations of said sample, and determining petrophysical parameters representative of said sample;
- Step 2 Spontaneous potential and induced spectral polarization measurements are carried out in the well in question by means of at least one device according to any of the variants of the second main mode of implementation of the device according to the invention (FIG. that is, the embodiment for well measurements);
- Step 3 the values of the measurements made in the well are compared with the measurements made on the said sample, and by calibration, representative of the petrophysical parameters representative of said formation are deduced;
- Step 4 from said representative parameters of said formation, an optimal exploitation scheme of the fluid of the studied formation is defined and the fluid of the formation is exploited on the basis of said diagram.
- the method according to the invention comprises the implementation of measurements of different types (PS and PSI at least) and at different scales (well scale and laboratory scale). We will hereinafter detail the various steps of the method according to the invention.
- the method according to the invention is implemented by means of a variant of the first main mode of implementation of the device according to the invention, comprising means for injecting a working fluid into said sample and for regulating the flow rate of said working fluid, as well as a means for measuring the fluid pressure in at least two places of said sample.
- Measurements made using this device are performed for at least one measurement condition.
- Measurement condition means all the parameters according to which the measurement is carried out, such as, for example, the pressure, the temperature, the fluid or fluids present in the sample, the saturation of each of the fluids present in the sample.
- the laboratory measurements are carried out under measurement conditions representative of the conditions (pressure, temperature, saturations of the fluids present) to which the studied formation is subjected, which will be called “conditions in situ” by the after.
- conditions in situ are not usually known but the specialist can have orders of magnitude or ranges of in situ conditions (ranges relating to pressures and / or temperatures and / or saturations of the fluids present).
- the laboratory measurements are advantageously carried out for a plurality of measurement conditions, in particular sampling the ranges of the presumed values of the conditions in situ.
- petrophysical parameters relating to the sample considered for the measurement condition (s) under consideration are determined.
- the specialist has perfect knowledge of methods for determining petrophysical parameters from measurements of PSI and PS.
- the petrophysical parameters representative of the sample are relative permeability and / or fluid saturation.
- the measurements a), b) and c) are repeated for different fluid flow rates and / or for different fluid saturations and / or for different working fluids.
- the following nonlimiting methods for exploiting the measurements thus made to determine relative permeability and fluid saturation are described below.
- R w is the resistivity of the R. brine
- the permeability K (which may be known elsewhere, from petrophysical measurements in the laboratory, such measurements being well known to the specialist), D ⁇ +) is the diffusion coefficient (which can be known elsewhere, from petrophysical laboratory measurements by laboratory, such measurements being well known to the specialist or then determined by a formula).
- the measures described above may be additionally repeated for different confining pressures and / or different temperatures.
- the device according to the first main mode of implementation of the device according to the invention may comprise a hydraulic containment cell and / or temperature control means.
- the invention makes it possible to perform laboratory measurements for different measurement conditions (pressure, temperature, fluid, and respective saturation of the fluids).
- the specialist can for example establish an abacus of the petrophysical parameters determined according to these measurement conditions.
- measurements of spontaneous potential and induced spectral polarization are also carried out in the well considered by means of the device according to any variant of the second main mode of implementation of the device according to the invention. invention. These measures will be called “well measurements” afterwards.
- the petrophysical parameters of the studied formation are determined according to the petrophysical parameters obtained by the laboratory measurements.
- This determination can take different forms: a direct attribution of the parameters obtained by laboratory measurements (especially if there is perfect correspondence between laboratory measurements and logging measurements), or else by interpolation of several parameters, by extrapolation, or by application of any ad hoc function.
- a scaling function of the measurements made in the laboratory is applied with respect to the measurements made in the well, so as to take into account the different scale factors between these two. types of measurement.
- the measurements made in the laboratory are first scaled compared to the measurements made in the well, to take account of the different measurement conditions.
- FIG. 4 An example of an implementation variant of the method according to the invention is presented in FIG. 4.
- this variant comprises two well measurement devices, one placed in an injection well W1 and one placed in a WP production well. fluid contained in the formation studied, the two wells being spaced a hundred meters apart.
- the injected fluid is C0 2
- such a configuration can make it possible to investigate variations in Petrophysical parameters between the two wells and thus follow the front of C0 2 (via saturation) between the wells.
- an optimal exploitation scheme of the fluid contained in the formation studied that is to say an exploitation diagram allowing an optimal exploitation of a fluid considered following technico-economic criteria predefined by the specialist. It can be a scenario with a high fluid recovery rate over a long operating life and requiring a limited number of wells.
- the optimal exploitation scheme can be defined by determining a fluid recovery process (primary, secondary or tertiary recovery process), as well as a number, an implantation and a geometry of injectors wells and / or producers to meet predefined technical and economic criteria.
- Different scenarios can be envisaged and their respective profitability approximated using a reservoir simulation. For example, the scenario offering the highest predicted profitability may be retained.
- the fluid of the studied formation is exploited according to the exploitation scheme determined in step 3, best satisfying the technico-economic criteria predefined by the specialist.
- the exploitation of the fluid of the studied formation can then consist of the drilling of the number and the implantation determined in step 3, some of these wells being intended to be injection wells and others well producing, injecting into the injection wells any fluids aimed at improving the recovery of fluids in place.
- the laboratory measurements having been carried out beforehand for various conditions From a number of measurements, the petrophysical parameters such as relative permeability and fluid saturation can be monitored in real time, as the fluid is produced.
- the operating scheme determined in step 3 can then be revised as exploitation of the formation fluid, and the recovery of fluid in step 4 improved.
- a Coreflood containment cell (Vinci Technologies, France): this is an adjustable piston containment cell, with three inputs on an injection spiral, three outputs on an output spiral, and transparent to X-rays. Such a cell can make it possible to measure up to a hydraulic confining pressure of 50 bar in Marcol. The latter ensures the electrical isolation of the contacts.
- a heat-shrinkable Viton ® sheath (Hellermann-Tyton, France) equipped with 12 connections distributed along the generatrix of the sheath and making it possible to introduce the electrical contacts (2 diametrically opposite taps by electrical measurement).
- An ISCO 260 D type pump with a remote pressure sensor, regulates the hydraulic pressure of the containment up to 50 bar as close as possible to the cell and absorbs pressure fluctuations related to temperature.
- Amersham / Bioscience P920 Liquid Injection Pump covers a flow rate range of 0.00 to 20.00 mL / min, and is used to inject brine into the porous media.
- a Pharmacia P500 1 - 499 mL / h liquid injection pump is used to top up the system volume following brine sampling and recirculation on the back side of the porous media, in order to maintain capillary contact and zero capillary pressure at the outlet.
- a system of 3 outlet valves allows to purge the dead volumes of the cell in brine and to improve the determination of the pore volume.
- Two Keller PAA-33X pressure sensors (0-30 bar) measure the relative pressure upstream and downstream of the assembly. They also allow the control of the injection pressure at the top of the porous medium and the adjustment of the pore pressure. In addition, the downstream sensor makes it possible to balance the pressure of the sampling loop with the pore pressure after sampling, so as not to destabilize the pore pressure of the system.
- a Keller PD39X pressure sensor measures the differential pressure generated by the flow in the porous medium.
- a Bronhkorst gas pressure regulator type P702CV (Bronhkorst, France), allows to control the pore pressure up to 20 bar, by regulating the pressure of the gas fraction contained in the separator.
- a Bronkorst F-201 -CV (Bronhkorst, France) gas flow regulator calibrated in N 2 and C0 2 , covers a range of standardized pressure and temperature flow rates (P atm and 0 ° C) of 1 at 310 mLn / min. It serves to inject the gas at the inlet of the porous medium and makes it possible to regulate the flow rate up to a pressure of 20 bar.
- a PT100 temperature sensor measures the temperature of the brine entering the porous medium. It makes it possible to correct the viscosity of the brine, the density and the resistances measured by the law of Arps.
- a brine / gas two-phase separator placed downstream of the cell, it allows to reinject the collected brine having already passed through the porous medium. It also makes it possible to measure the volume variations resulting from the porous medium during the Kr experiment.
- a Solartron SH260 it is an impedance / Gain-Phase analyzer, allowing measurements of resistance and phase shift (R, X) in frequency sweep over a range of 1 mHz to 32 MHz, in adjustable steps. Measurements are made with the generator set to 1 Volt AC. The coupling with the Agilent multiplexer allows to work in measurement with 2 or 4 electrodes.
- the Solartron also allows to inject a DC voltage from 0 to +/- 40 Volts to calculate the electro-osmosis coefficient of the system.
- An Agilent 34970A acquisition system equipped with a multiplexing board allows the acquisition of potentials between the selected sections of the porous medium.
- An acquisition unit retrieves all the measurements made on a PC, via the Labview acquisition system.
- the porous medium comes from a referenced career block. It is cored in diameter 40 mm and sawn with the saw with parallel face, under water. The samples are dried in an oven at 60 ° C. The sample is weighed dry. The geometric characteristics of the experimental sample are determined by vernier caliper: diameter and length. The sample is photographed and referenced. Setting up the sample in the cell
- the sample is mounted in the Viton sheath, the electrodes are connected and the contacts checked using a multimeter.
- the sample and its sheath are mounted in the cell and placed under Marcol hydraulic confinement, at the chosen confining pressure (30 bar).
- the confining pressure is at least 15 bar greater than the pore pressure chosen for the experiment.
- the sample is then placed under a primary vacuum.
- a brine of selected concentration is produced (here 10 g / l of NaCl), its conductivity is measured.
- the sample is saturated with the brine, at the pore pressure chosen for the experiment, using an Isco pump in pressure regulation.
- Figure 5 shows the variation curves of the electrical potential difference dV as a function of the fluid pressure variation dP for Brauvilliers (white rounds), Saint-Emilion limestone (black squares) type samples, and dolomites LS2 (cross). From the slopes of these curves, the electrokinetic coupling coefficient (in a saturated medium in the present case) is deduced respectively for each of the samples considered.
- FIG. 6 shows the evolution of the relative electrokinetic coupling coefficient Cr as a function of the fluid saturation Sw, in the case of Brauvilliers limestone, and for different positions of the electrodes, the positions of the electrodes ABCD being presented in FIG. 2.
- Figure 7 shows the evolution of the phase angle P of the complex electrical resistivity as a function of the frequency F in the case of Brauvilliers limestone, and for different saturations in brine Sw (between 27% and 100%, l increasing saturation values being represented by an arrow in Figure 7).
- ⁇ ordinate of the first peak formed by the curve
- ⁇ abcissa of the first peak formed by the measurement curve
- Fc critical frequency
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FR1652871A FR3049711B1 (fr) | 2016-04-01 | 2016-04-01 | Dispositif pour la determination de parametres petrophysiques d'une formation souterraine |
PCT/EP2017/055695 WO2017167567A1 (fr) | 2016-04-01 | 2017-03-10 | Dispositif pour la determination de parametres petrophysiques d'une formation souterraine |
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EP17709699.7A Withdrawn EP3436808A1 (fr) | 2016-04-01 | 2017-03-10 | Dispositif pour la determination de parametres petrophysiques d'une formation souterraine |
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US (1) | US10816494B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3436808A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2017243937B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112018068353A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3017522A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3049711B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2018011615A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017167567A1 (fr) |
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WO2018094083A1 (fr) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-24 | Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc | Identification de changements de paramètre de système d'antenne |
FR3060636B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-05-24 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de surveillance de la salinite au sein d'une formation souterraine |
CN108873074B (zh) * | 2018-04-18 | 2020-03-24 | 浙江大学 | 一种电极随机分布式高密度电阻率测量方法及勘探系统 |
CN109667575B (zh) * | 2018-10-24 | 2022-04-29 | 西南石油大学 | 一种探针法井网模型水驱效果测量装置 |
CN110703344B (zh) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-03-30 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | 一种隐伏资源预测方法及岩石电磁学测井系统 |
US11499935B2 (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2022-11-15 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Clay detection and quantification using low frequency electromagnetic measurements |
US11892581B2 (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2024-02-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Methods and systems for characterizing clay content of a geological formation |
US11237292B2 (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2022-02-01 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Clay detection and quantification using downhole low frequency electromagnetic measurements |
CN111707714B (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2024-07-09 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | 基于复电阻率的土壤有机氯化物污染快速调查装置及方法 |
US20220180028A1 (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-06-09 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Downhole electrode placement optimization |
US11965848B2 (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2024-04-23 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Method for determining the electrical properties of a core sample |
CN113932982B (zh) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-08 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | 多信息融合的co2封存状态组网监测设备、系统和方法 |
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US2713146A (en) | 1949-10-18 | 1955-07-12 | Schlumberger Well Surv Corp | Spontaneous potential well logging method and apparatus |
US4658215A (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1987-04-14 | Shell Oil Company | Method for induced polarization logging |
US4730162A (en) * | 1985-12-31 | 1988-03-08 | Shell Oil Company | Time-domain induced polarization logging method and apparatus with gated amplification level |
FR2643465B1 (fr) | 1989-02-20 | 1991-05-24 | Schlumberger Prospection | Procede et dispositif pour mesurer la resistivite des formations geologiques |
US5008625A (en) | 1989-11-01 | 1991-04-16 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for logging and displaying a two dimensional image of spontaneous potential |
US7388382B2 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2008-06-17 | Kjt Enterprises, Inc. | System for measuring Earth formation resistivity through an electrically conductive wellbore casing |
MX2007008797A (es) * | 2005-01-19 | 2008-03-04 | Ksn En Llc | Generacion de imagen de sub-superficie para medida de temperatura y flujo de fluido para recuperacion de aceite utilizando tomografia de impedancia electromagnetica (emit). |
US20070279063A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-06 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Oil-based mud resistivity imaging using resonant circuits |
US7388381B1 (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2008-06-17 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency | High resolution geoelectrical probe |
US8253417B2 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2012-08-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Electrolocation apparatus and methods for mapping from a subterranean well |
US20100026305A1 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-04 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method and Apparatus for Imaging Boreholes |
US9377554B2 (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2016-06-28 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Pore parameters and hydraulic parameters from electric impedance spectra |
CA2933622A1 (fr) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-18 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Systeme et procedes pour une fracturation regulee dans des formations |
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2016
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AU2017243937A1 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
BR112018068353A2 (pt) | 2019-01-15 |
FR3049711A1 (fr) | 2017-10-06 |
AU2017243937B2 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
FR3049711B1 (fr) | 2018-04-13 |
US10816494B2 (en) | 2020-10-27 |
WO2017167567A1 (fr) | 2017-10-05 |
MX2018011615A (es) | 2019-01-10 |
US20190086350A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
CA3017522A1 (fr) | 2017-10-05 |
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