EP3427260A1 - Codage et décodage optimisé d'informations de spatialisation pour le codage et le décodage paramétrique d'un signal audio multicanal - Google Patents
Codage et décodage optimisé d'informations de spatialisation pour le codage et le décodage paramétrique d'un signal audio multicanalInfo
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- EP3427260A1 EP3427260A1 EP17713746.0A EP17713746A EP3427260A1 EP 3427260 A1 EP3427260 A1 EP 3427260A1 EP 17713746 A EP17713746 A EP 17713746A EP 3427260 A1 EP3427260 A1 EP 3427260A1
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- information
- coding
- spatialization
- signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/008—Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancy, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding or matrixing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/03—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 characterised by the type of extracted parameters
- G10L25/18—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 characterised by the type of extracted parameters the extracted parameters being spectral information of each sub-band
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of coding / decoding of digital signals.
- the coding and decoding according to the invention is particularly suitable for the transmission and / or storage of digital signals such as audio-frequency signals (speech, music or other).
- the present invention relates to parametric multichannel encoding and decoding of multichannel audio signals.
- the invention is therefore concerned with multichannel signals, and in particular with binaural signals which are sound signals recorded with microphones placed at the entrance of the duct of each ear (of a person or of a manikin) or else synthesized artificially through filters known as Head-Related Impulse Response (HRIR) or HRTF (Head-Related Transfer Function) filters in the frequency domain, which are a function of the direction and distance of the sound source and morphology of the subject.
- HRIR Head-Related Impulse Response
- HRTF Head-Related Transfer Function
- a stereo signal is also composed of two channels but it does not generally allow a perfect reproduction of the sound scene in 3D.
- a stereo signal can be constructed by taking a given signal on the left channel and a null signal on the right channel, listening for such a signal will give a sound source location on the left but in a natural environment this artifice is not possible because the signal to the right ear is a filtered version (including a time shift and attenuation) of the signal to the left ear depending on the morphology of the person.
- Parametric multichannel coding is based on the extraction and coding of spatial information parameters so that at decoding these spatial characteristics can be used to recreate the same spatial image as in the original signal.
- codecs based on this principle are in 3GPP e-AAC + or MPEG Surround standards.
- codecs based on this principle are in 3GPP e-AAC + or MPEG Surround standards.
- a parametric stereo coding / decoding technique is for example described in the document by J. Breebaart, S. van de Par, A. Kohlrausch, E. Schuijers, titled "Parametric Coding of Stereo Audio” in EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing 2005 : 9, pp. 1305-1322. This example is repeated with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively describing an encoder and a parametric stereo decoder.
- Figure 1 describes a stereo encoder receiving two audio channels, a left channel (denoted L for Left in English) and a right channel (noted R for Right in English).
- the time signals L (n) and R (n), where n is the entire index of the samples, are processed by the blocks 101, 102, 103 and 104 which perform a short-term Fourier analysis.
- the transformed signals L [k] and R [k], where k is the integer index of the frequency coefficients, are thus obtained.
- Block 105 performs a channel reduction processing or "downmix" in English to obtain in the frequency domain from the left and right signals, a monophonic signal hereinafter called mono signal.
- mono signal a monophonic signal hereinafter called mono signal.
- the passive "downmix" which corresponds to a direct matrixing of the stereo channels to combine them into a single signal - the coefficients of the downmix matrix are generally real and of predetermined (fixed) values;
- Extraction of spatial information parameters is also performed in block 105.
- the extracted parameters are as follows.
- the ICLD or ILD or CLD (InterChannel / Channel Level Difference) parameters also called interchannel intensity differences, characterize the energy ratios per frequency subband between the left and right channels. These parameters make it possible to position sound sources in the stereo horizontal plane by panning. They are challenge
- each frequency band of index b 0, ..., B-1 comprises the frequency lines in the interval [ k b , k b + 1 - 1], the symbol * indicates the complex conjugate and B is the number of sub-bands.
- ICPD or IPD (InterChannel Phase Difference) parameters also called phase differences, are defined according to the following relation:
- ICPD [b] ⁇ ( ⁇ ' ⁇ - 1 L [k] .R * [k]) (2) where A indicates the argument (phase) of the complex operand.
- ICTD inter-channel time shift
- ITD InterChannel Time Difference
- the ICC parameter (for "InterChannel Coherence") represents the level of inter-channel correlation (or coherence) and is associated with the spatial width of a sound source; the ICC can be defined as:
- the ICLD and ICPD parameters are extracted by analysis of the stereo signals, by the block 105.
- the parameters ICTD or ICC can also be extracted by subband from the spectra L [k] and R [k]; however, their extraction is generally simplified by assuming an identical interchannel time shift for each sub-band and in this case a parameter can be extracted from the time channels L (n) and R (n).
- the mono signal M [k] is transformed in the time domain (blocks 106 to 108) after short-term Fourier synthesis (inverse FFT, windowing and OverLap-Add or overlay) and a mono coding (block 109) is then realized.
- the stereo parameters are quantized and coded in block 110.
- the spectrum of the signals (L [/ c], R [k]) is divided according to a nonlinear frequency scale of ERB (equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth) or Bark type.
- the parameters (ICLD, ICPD, ICC, ITD) are encoded by scalar quantization possibly followed by entropy coding and / or differential coding.
- the ICLD is encoded by a non-uniform quantizer (ranging from -50 to +50 dB) with differential entropy coding.
- the non-uniform quantization step exploits the that the higher the value of the ICLD, the lower the sensitivity to changes in this parameter.
- coding For the coding of the mono signal (block 109), several quantification techniques with or without memory are possible, for example coding with “Coded Pulse Modulation” (MIC), its version with adaptive prediction called “Adapted differential pulse coded modulation”. "(ADPCM) or more advanced techniques such as transform perceptual coding or Code Excited Linear Prediction (CELP) coding or multi-mode coding.
- MIC Coded Pulse Modulation
- ADPCM Adapted differential pulse coded modulation
- CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction
- EVS Extended Voice Services
- the input signal of the EVS (mono) codec is sampled at the frequency of 8, 16, 32 or 48 kHz and the codec may represent audio telephony tapes (narrowband, NB), wideband (WB), super-wideband (super-wideband, SWB) or full band (fullband, FB).
- the rates of the EVS codec are divided into two modes:
- VBR Variable rate mode
- DTX discontinuous transmission mode
- the mono signal is decoded (block 201), a de-correlator is used (block 202) to produce two versions (n) and M '(n) of the decoded mono signal.
- This decorrelation necessary only when the ICC parameter is used, makes it possible to increase the spatial width of the mono source M (n).
- These two signals (n) and M '(n) are passed in the frequency domain (blocks 203 to 206) and the decoded stereo parameters (block 207) are used by the stereo synthesis (or formatting) (block 208) for reconstruct the left and right channels in the frequency domain. These channels are finally reconstructed in the time domain (blocks 209 to 214).
- a parametric stereo codec developed with a specific mode for encoding binaural signals is given by the G.722 Annex D standard, particularly in the 56 + 8 kbit / s broadband Rlws stereo coding mode.
- This codec works with "short" 5ms frames in 2 modes: a "transient” mode where ICLDs are coded on 38 bits and a "normal” mode where ICLDs are coded on 24 bits with a full band ITD / IPD on 5 bits. ITD estimation details, coding of ICLD and ITD parameters are not repeated here. It should be noted that the ICLDs are coded by "decimation” by distributing the coding of the ICLDs over several successive frames, by encoding only a subset of the parameters of a given frame.
- the spectra L [k] and R [k] can for example be divided into B frequency sub-bands according to the ERB scale.
- the coding of an ICLD block of a given frame can be realized for example with:
- This rate of approximately 7 kbit / s can be reduced on average by using variable rate entropy coding, for example Huffman coding; however, the reduction of flow can not be drastic in most cases.
- the coder of FIG. 1 is a stereo coder operating for example at rates of 16.4, 24.4, 32, 48, 64, 96, 128 kbit / s and that it relies on a downmix coded by a mono EVS coded, then for the lowest bit rates, for example 16.4 kbit / s in stereo, if the downmix is coded with the mono EVS codec at 13.2 kbit / s, only 3.2 kbit / s remains to encode all the spatial parameters to faithfully represent a spatial image. If we must code not only ICLD parameters, but also other spatial parameters, it is understood that the encoding of the ICLD parameters described above requires too much bit rate.
- the invention improves the situation of the state of the art.
- a method of parametric coding of a multichannel digital audio signal comprising a step of coding a signal resulting from a channel reduction processing applied to the multichannel signal and coding spatialization information of the multichannel signal.
- the method is such that it comprises the following steps: extracting a plurality of spatialization information from the multichannel signal;
- the method of encoding spatialization information is based on a model-based approach that approximates spatial information.
- the coding of a plurality of spatial information is reduced to the coding of an angle parameter which considerably reduces the coding rate compared with the direct coding of the spatial information.
- the bit rate necessary for encoding this parameter is therefore reduced.
- the spatialization information is defined by frequency subbands of the multichannel audio signal and at least one angle parameter per subband is determined and coded.
- the method further comprises the steps of calculating a reference spatialization and coding information of this reference spatialization information.
- the coding of reference information can improve the quality of decoding.
- the coding rate of this reference information does not require too much flow.
- This method is particularly well suited to coding interchannel time shift (ITD) and / or interchannel difference (ILD) type spatial information.
- the method further comprises the following steps:
- a representation model by spatialization information is obtained. It can be fixed and stored in memory.
- This fixed and registered model is for example a sinus shape model.
- This type of model is adapted to the form of ITD or ILD information depending on the position of the source.
- obtaining a representation model of the spatialization information is performed by selecting in a table of models defined for different values of the spatialization information.
- the index of the chosen model can then be in one embodiment, encoded and transmitted.
- the invention also relates to a method of parametric decoding of a multichannel digital audio signal comprising a step of decoding a signal resulting from a channel reduction processing applied to the multichannel and coded signal and decoding spatialization information. multichannel signal.
- the method is such that it comprises the following steps for decoding at least one spatialization information:
- this method based on the use of a spatialization information representation model makes it possible to retrieve the information with good quality without having to have too much flow. .
- an eplurality of spatialization information is found by the decoding of a simple angle parameter.
- the method comprises a step of receiving and decoding a model table index and obtaining the at least one representation model of spatialization information to be decoded from the decoded index.
- the invention relates to a parametric encoder of a multichannel digital audio signal comprising a coding module of a signal from a channel reduction processing module applied to the multichannel signal and spatialization information coding modules of the multichannel signal.
- the encoder is such that it comprises: a module for extracting a plurality of spatialization information from the multichannel signal;
- a coding module for the at least one determined angle parameter for coding the spatialization information extracted during the coding of spatialization information.
- the encoder has the same advantages as the method it implements.
- the invention relates to a parametric decoder of a multichannel digital audio signal comprising a decoding module of a signal resulting from a channel reduction processing applied to the multichannel signal and encoded and a spatialization information decoding module of the multichannel signal.
- the decoder is such that it comprises:
- the decoder has the same advantages as the method it implements.
- the invention relates to a computer program comprising code instructions for implementing the steps of a coding method according to the invention, when these instructions are executed by a processor, to a computer program comprising instructions. code for implementing the steps of a decoding method according to the invention, when these instructions are executed by a processor.
- the invention finally relates to a storage medium readable by a processor on which is recorded a computer program comprising code instructions for executing the steps of the encoding method as described and / or the decoding method as described.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an encoder implementing a parametric coding known from the state of the art and previously described
- FIG. 2 illustrates a decoder implementing a parametric decoding known from the state of the art and previously described
- FIG. 3 illustrates a parametric encoder according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c illustrate the steps of the coding method according to different embodiments of the invention by a detailed illustration of the spatial information coding blocks;
- FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate the notions of sound perception in 3D and 2D and
- FIG. 5c illustrates a schematic representation of polar coordinates (distance, azimuth) of an audio source in the horizontal plane with respect to a listener, in the case binaural;
- FIG. 6a illustrates representations of total energy models of HRTFs adapted to represent ILD-type spatial information
- FIG. 6b illustrates a stereo microphone configuration of the ORTF type capturing an example of a two-channel signal to be coded according to an embodiment of the coding method of the invention
- FIG. 7 illustrates a parametric decoder as well as the decoding method according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 8 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a parametric encoder according to the invention
- FIG. 9 illustrates an alternative embodiment of a parametric decoder according to the invention.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a hardware example of a device incorporating an encoder able to implement the coding method according to one embodiment of the invention or a decoder able to implement the decoding method according to one embodiment. of the invention.
- FIG. 3 a two-channel signal parametric encoder according to an embodiment of the invention, delivering both a mono bit stream and spatial information parameters of the input signal is now described.
- This figure shows both the entities, hardware modules or software driven by a processor of the coding device and the steps implemented by the coding method according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the encoder described in Figure 3 will be called “stereo encoder” even if it allows the encoding of binaural signals.
- the ICLD, ICTD, ICPD parameters will be respectively denoted ILD, ITD, IPD even if the signal is not binaural.
- the invention applies similarly to other types of mono coding (eg IETF OPUS, ITU-T G.722) operating at identical or different sampling rates.
- mono coding eg IETF OPUS, ITU-T G.722
- Each time channel (L (n) and R (n)) sampled at 16 kHz is first pre-filtered by a High Pass Filter (HPF) typically eliminating components below 50 Hz ( blocks 301 and 302).
- HPF High Pass Filter
- This pre-filtering is optional, but it can be used to avoid DC bias in estimating parameters such as ICTD or ICC.
- the channels L '(n) and ff' (n) coming from pre-filtering blocks are analyzed in frequencies by discrete Fourier transform with overlapping sinusoidal windowing of 50% length 40 ms or 640 samples (blocks 303 to 306) .
- the 40ms analysis window covers the current frame and the future frame.
- the future frame corresponds to a "future" signal segment commonly called "lookahead" of 20 ms.
- other windows may be used, for example an asymmetrical low-delay window called "ALDO" in the EVS codec.
- the analysis windowing can be made adaptive according to the current frame, in order to use an analysis with a long window on stationary segments and an analysis with short windows on transitional / non-transitory segments. stationary, possibly with transition windows between long and short windows.
- the coefficients of index 0 ⁇ k ⁇ 160 are complex and correspond to a sub-band of 25 Hz width centered on the frequency of k.
- the spectra L [k] and R [k] are combined in block 307 to obtain a mono (downmix) signal M [k] in the frequency domain.
- This signal is converted into time by inverse FFT and windowing-overlap with the "lookahead" part of the previous frame (blocks 308-310).
- the phase of the channel L for each frequency sub-band is chosen as the reference phase
- the channel R is aligned according to the phase of the channel L for each sub-band by the following formula:
- R '[k] e j CPD ⁇ R [k] (7)
- R' [k] is the channel aligned R
- k is the index of a coefficient in the O-th frequency subband
- ICPD [ b] is the inter-channel phase difference in the sixth frequency subband given by equation (2).
- phase alignment therefore conserves energy and avoids attenuation problems by eliminating the influence of the phase.
- This "downmix” corresponds to the "downmix” described in the document by Breebart et al. or:
- the lookahead for the calculation of the mono signal (20 ms) and the mono coding / decoding delay to which is added the delay T to align the mono synthesis (20 ms) correspond to an additional delay of 2 frames (40 ms) compared to the current frame.
- the shifted mono signal is then coded (block 312) by the mono EVS encoder, for example at a rate of 13.2, 16.4 or 24.4 kbit / s.
- the coding may be performed directly on the non-shifted signal; in this case the shift can be performed after decoding.
- the block 313 introduces a delay of two frames on the spectra L [k], R [k] and M [k] in order to obtain the spectra L bU f [k], R bU f [k] and M bU f [k].
- the coding of the spatial information is implemented in the blocks 315 to 319 according to a coding method of the invention.
- the coding includes an optional step of classifying the input signal in block 321.
- This classification block makes it possible to switch from one coding mode to another.
- One of the coding modes being that implementing the invention for coding the spatialization information.
- the other coding modes are not detailed here, but it will be possible to use conventional stereo or multichannel coding techniques including parametric coding techniques with ILD, ITD, IPD, ICC parameters.
- the classification is indicated here with the input L and R time signals, possibly the signals in the frequency domain and the stereo or multichannel parameters can also be used for the classification.
- the classification can also be used to apply the invention to a given spatial parameter (for example to code the ITD or the ILD), in other words, to switch the spatial parameter coding type with a possible choice between a coding method according to a model as in the invention or an alternative coding method of the state of the art.
- a given spatial parameter for example to code the ITD or the ILD
- the spatial parameters are extracted (block 314) from the spectra L [k], R [k] and M [k] shifted by two frames: L bU f [k], R bU f ⁇ ⁇ and M bU f [k ] and coded (blocks 315 to 319) according to an encoding method described with reference to Figures 4a to 4c and detailing blocks 315 and 317.
- the spectra L bU f [k] and R bU are, for example, divided into frequency sub-bands.
- a 1/3 octave subband cutout defined in Table 1 below will be taken:
- the frequency line of index k 320 which corresponds to the frequency of Nyquist is not taken into account here.
- B 35 sub-bands, these are defined by the following boundaries in the case where the input signal is sampled at 16 kHz:
- ILD [b] 10. log 10 ⁇ ⁇ (11) where ff L 2 [b] and ⁇ [b] represent the energy of the left channel ⁇ L bU f [k]) and the right channel (R buf [ k]):
- the ITD and ICC parameters are extracted in the time domain (block 320).
- these parameters can be extracted in the frequency domain (block 314), which is not shown in Figure 3 to not weigh down the figure.
- An exemplary embodiment of the ITD estimation in the frequency domain is given in ITU-T G.722 Appendix D from the product L [/ c]. i? * [/ c] smoothed.
- the ITD and ICC parameters are estimated as follows.
- the ITD is sought by intercorrelation according to the equation (3) repeated here:
- ITD max_ d ⁇ T ⁇ d ⁇ 1 ⁇ ! ⁇ + ⁇ ).
- the ITD obtained according to equation (3) is then smoothed to attenuate its temporal variations.
- the interest of smoothing is to attenuate the fluctuations of the instantaneous ITD which can degrade the quality of the spatial synthesis at the decoder.
- the retained smoothing method is beyond the scope of the invention and is not detailed here.
- the ICC is also calculated according to the equation (4) defined above.
- the spatial parameters or information ILD and ITD are coded according to a method that is the subject of the invention and described with reference to FIGS. 4a to 4c, which detail the blocks 315 and 317 of FIG. 3 according to various embodiments of the invention. . These blocks 315 and 317 implement methods based on models of respective representations of the ITD and ILD information.
- Some parameters of the respective models obtained at the output of the blocks 315 and 317 are then coded at 316 and 318 for example according to a scalar quantization method.
- All spatialization information thus encoded is multiplexed by the multiplexer 322 before being transmitted.
- Figures 5a and 5b recall some important notions about sound perception.
- Figure 5a is illustrated a median plane M, a frontal plane F and a horizontal plane H, relative to the head of a listener.
- the sound perception allows a 3D location of a sound source, this location is typically identified by spherical coordinates (r, ⁇ , ⁇ ) according to Figure 5b; in the case of a stereo signal, the perception is on a horizontal plane and in this case polar coordinates (r, ⁇ ) are sufficient to locate the source in 2D.
- a stereo signal only allows reproduction on a line between 2 loudspeakers on the horizontal plane, whereas a binaural signal normally allows a 3D perception.
- the signal is considered to comprise a sound source located in the horizontal plane.
- a virtual source associated with the multichannel signal it may be useful to define the position of a virtual source associated with the multichannel signal to be encoded.
- the position of the source is specified by the polar coordinates (r, ⁇ ).
- the angle ⁇ is defined between the front axis 530 of the listener and the axis of the source 520.
- the two ears of the listener are represented in 550R for the right ear and in 550L for the left ear.
- the time shift information between the two channels of a binaural signal is associated with the interaural difference in time, that is, the time difference that a sound takes to reach both ears. If the source is directly in front of the listener, the wave arrives at the same time in both ears and the ITD information is zero.
- interaural time difference can be simplified by using a geometric approximation in the form of the following sine law:
- ⁇ is the azimuth in the horizontal plane
- a is the radius of a spherical approximation of the head
- This law is independent of frequency, and is known to give good results in terms of spatial localization.
- a virtual sound source can therefore be localized with an angle ⁇ and the ITD information can be deduced by the following formula:
- ITD max may, for example, correspond to 630 ⁇ , which is the perceptual separation limit between two pulses. For larger ITD values the subject will hear two different sounds and will not be able to interpret the sounds as a single sound source.
- sine law may be replaced by the Woodworth ITD model defined in R.S. Woodworth, Experimental Psychology (Holt, NY), 1938, pp. 520-523, by the following equation:
- ITD (6) a (sin (e) + e) / c (17) which is valid for a far field (typically a source at a distance of at least 10 a).
- ITD max a (1 + TT / 2) / C (19)
- ITD (6) ITD max (sin (e) + ⁇ ) (20)
- the block 315 which receives an interchannel time shift information (ITD) by the extraction module 320 comprises a module 410 for obtaining a representation model of the offset information.
- the ITD max value can be made flexible by encoding either this value directly or by coding the difference between this value and a predetermined value. This approach makes it possible to extend the application of the ITD model to more general cases, but it has the disadvantage of requiring an additional bit rate.
- block 412 appears in dashed lines in FIG. 4a.
- a module 411 for determining the angle ⁇ as defined above is used to obtain an angle defined by the sound source. More precisely, this module searches for the azimuth parameter ⁇ which makes it possible to get as close as possible to the extracted ITD.
- this angle can be obtained analytically:
- the asin function can be approximated.
- This search can be performed by pre-storing the different candidate values of ITD max .
- sin (e) from the ITD model in a table M [TD for a search interval that can be T [- ⁇ / 2, ⁇ / 2] assuming that the ITD is symmetric when the source is in front or behind the subject.
- the values of ⁇ are discretized, for example with a step of 1 ° over the search interval.
- the angle parameter ⁇ determined in block 411 is then coded according to a conventional coding method, for example by 4-bit scalar quantization by block 316. This block performs a quantization index search.
- the number of bits allocated to the coding of the azimuth may be different, and the quantization levels may be non-uniform to take into account the perceptual limits of the location of a sound source according to the azimuth.
- this parameter which makes it possible to code the ITD time shift information, possibly with the ITD max coding (block 412) as additional information if the value predefined by the ITD model has to be adapted. Spatialization information will therefore be found at decoding by decoding the angle parameter, possibly by decoding ITD max , and applying the same representation model of the ITD.
- the bit rate required for coding this angle parameter is small (for example 4 bits per frame) when no correction of the pre-defined ITD max value in the model is coded. Thus, the coding of this spatialization information (ITD) is little consumer in flow.
- the single-angle coding ⁇ can be implemented to encode the spatialization information of a binaural signal.
- an ITD may be estimated per frequency band, for example by taking a B-subband cut defined above.
- an angle ⁇ per frequency band is coded and transmitted to the decoder, which for the example of B sub-bands gives B angles to be transmitted.
- the estimation of the ITD can be ignored for certain high frequency bands for which the phase differences are not perceptible.
- a subband cut with a resolution other than 25 Hz may be used; it will thus be possible to group some sub-bands because the 1/3 octave cut or the ERB scale may be too fine for the ITD coding. This avoids coding too many angles per frame.
- the ITD is then converted to an angle as in the case of a single angle described above with a bit allocation that can be either fixed or variable depending on the importance of the sub-bit. bandaged.
- a vector quantization can be implemented in block 316.
- FIG. 4b represents an alternative embodiment of the invention that can replace the mode described in FIG. 4a. The principle of this variant is to combine in particular the blocks 411 and 316 in a block 432.
- the model as defined for the interchannel time shift information may not be fixed and can be parameterized.
- Each model defines a set of ITD values according to an angle parameter: the sine law and the Woodworth law are two examples of models.
- a model index and an angle index also called an angle parameter to be coded according to FIG. the following equation:
- N M is the number of models in the ITD model table
- NQ (TO) is the number of azimuth angles considered for the m-th model
- M ITD (m, t) corresponds to a precise value of the ITD information.
- the index of angle t corresponds in fact to an angle ⁇ covering the interval] - ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ] with a step of
- the model M ITD (m, t) is implicitly a function of the azimuth angle, since the index t actually represents a quantization index of the angle 0.
- the model M ITD (m, t) is an efficient way to combine the relation between ITD and 0, and the quantization of 0 over ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) levels, and potentially use several models (at least one), indexed by m opt when more than one model is used.
- Ng m the size of the ITD information.
- the coding of a correction information of the ITD max value is optional, so the block 312 is indicated in dotted lines.
- the bit budget allocated to the ITD max encoding is zero, then the pre-defined ITD max value will be taken from the representation model of the ITD.
- the representation model of the ITD can be generalized so as to reduce itself only to the horizontal plane but also to include the elevation. In this case, two angles are determined, the azimuth angle ⁇ and the elevation angle ⁇ .
- ⁇ 0, .., ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) -1 with ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) the number of elevation angles considered for the m-th model and p opt representing the elevation angle to be encoded.
- the block 316 of FIG. 4b will be able to code and multiplex in different ways with a fixed or variable rate coding of the information m opt , opt , p opt and ITD max than when these must be transmitted.
- ITD interchannel intensity difference
- ILD glob (0) max ILD sin (9) (30)
- the reference ILD can be defined - in deferred time, when defining the ILD model, taking a normalized signal base or HRTFs filter base - taking the maximum of the total ILD of a signal binaural. It is considered in the invention that this sine law applies not only to the total (or global) ILD but also to the ILD by subbands; in this case, the parameter ILD max depends on the index of the subband and the model becomes:
- ILD [b] ⁇ e) ILD max [b] sin ⁇ e) (31)
- ITD max a value ITD max has been defined
- Another example of a model is the ORTF stereo microphone configuration shown in Figure 6b.
- subband ILD model may be defined in relation to an ORTF microphone configuration as follows:
- the block 317 which receives an interchannel difference in intensity (ILD) information by the extraction module 314, comprises a module 420 of FIG. obtaining a representation model of interchannel intensity difference (ILD) information.
- This model is for example the model as defined above in equation (30) or with other models described in this document.
- the angle parameter ⁇ already defined in 411 can be re-used at the decoder to find the global ILD or the ILD in sub-bands as defined by equation (30), (31) or (35); this makes it possible to "mutualize” the coding of the ITD and the ILD. In the case where the max ILD value is not fixed, it is determined at 423 and coded.
- a module 421 for estimating inter-channel intensity difference information is implemented from the angle parameter obtained by block 411 for encoding the offset information. time (ITD) and secondly the representation model of equation (30), (31) or (35).
- the module 422 calculates a residue of the ILD information, i.e., the difference between the actual inter-channel intensity difference (ILD) information extracted at 314 and the difference information of Interdanal Intensity (ILD) estimated at 421 from the ILD model.
- This residue may be encoded at 318 for example by a conventional scalar quantization method.
- the quantization table can for example be limited to a dynamic of +/- 12 dB with a step of 3 dB.
- This ILD residue makes it possible to improve the quality of decoding of the ILD information in the case where the ILD model is too specific and applies only to the signal to be encoded in the current frame; it is recalled that a classification may possibly be used to the encoder to avoid such cases, however in the general case it may be useful to encode an ILD residue.
- the coding of these parameters as well as the angle of the ITD makes it possible to recover the inter-channel intensity difference (ILD) information from the decoder of the binaural audio signal with a good quality.
- ITD inter-channel intensity difference
- spatialization information (global or by sub-bands) will therefore be found at decoding by applying the same representation model and decoding, if appropriate, the residual and ILD parameters of reference.
- the rate required to code these parameters is lower than if the ILD information itself were coded, especially when the ILD residue does not have to be transmitted and used.
- This ILD model using only a global ILD value is however very simplistic because in general the ILD is defined on several sub-bands.
- B sub-bands in a 1/3 octave or ERB scale cut have been defined.
- the representation model of the ILD is thus extended to several sub-bands. This extension applies to the invention described in Figure 4a, however the associated description is given below in the context of Figure 4b to avoid too much redundancy.
- the model is a function of angle ⁇ and possibly elevation; this model can be the same in all the sub-bands, or vary according to the sub-bands.
- the variant embodiment described in FIG. 4b is considered for the coding of the ILD.
- ITD interchannel intensity difference
- the model as defined for interchannel intensity difference (ILD) information is not fixed but is parameterizable.
- the model is defined by a max ILD value and an angle parameter.
- N M is the number of models in the ILD model table
- Ng (m) is the number of azimuth angles considered for the mth model
- M ILD (m, t) corresponds to a precise value of the ILD and dist information
- ) is a distance criterion between ILD vectors.
- this search can be simplified by using the angle information already obtained in block 432 for the ITD model.
- FIGS. 6c to 6g An exemplary ILD model is illustrated in Figures 6c to 6g for several frequency bands.
- the corresponding values (in dB) in the form of tables are not given here so as not to burden the text, approximate values can be drawn from the graphs of FIGS. 6c to 6g.
- This figure considers the case of a 1/3 octave cut already defined previously.
- each figure represents the ILD for the frequency band defined by the octave third number defined in Table 1 above with a center frequency fc function of the band.
- Each point marked with a circle on each sub-figure corresponds to a value M ILD (m, t); in addition to defining the ILD table associated with the model, the sine law scaled by a pre-defined and subband-dependent ILD max parameter has also been shown.
- the representation model of the ILD may be generalized so as not to be reduced only to the horizontal plane but also to include the elevation.
- the search for two angles becomes:
- ⁇ 0, .., ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) -1 with ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ ) the number of elevation angles considered for the m-th model and p opt representing the elevation angle to be encoded.
- an exemplary ILD model (m, t, p) can be obtained from a set of HRTFs as follows. Given the HRTFs filters for ⁇ and ⁇ , we can: - calculate the ILDs by subband between left and right channels by subband
- the multidimensional table M ILD (m, t, p) can be seen as a pattern of directivity brought back to the domain of the ILD.
- An index of the selected law m opt is then coded and transmitted to the decoder at 318.
- an ILD residue can be calculated (blocks 421 and 422) and coded.
- M ITD ILD (m, t, p) and M ILD (m, t, p)) we can define a joint model in block 450: M ITD ILD (m, t, p) whose inputs include candidate values of ITD and ILD; thus, for different discrete values representing ⁇ and ⁇ "vectors" (ITD, ILD) are defined.
- ITD discrete values representing ⁇ and ⁇ "vectors"
- the distance measurement used for the search must combine the distance on the ITD and the distance on the ILD, however it is still possible to perform a separate search.
- an index of the selected law m opt , the azimuth angle t opt and the elevation angle p opt determined at 453, are encoded at 331 and transmitted to the decoder, likewise for FIGS. 4b, the parameters ITD max , ILD max and the residue ILD can be determined and coded.
- FIG. 8 A variant of the encoder illustrated in FIG. 3 implementing the joint model of FIG. 4c is illustrated in FIG. 8. It will be noted that in this variant of the encoder the parameters ITD and ICC are estimated in block 314. Moreover, it is considered that here the general case where IPD parameters are also extracted and coded in block 332. Blocks 330 and 331 correspond to the blocks indicated and detailed in FIG. 4c.
- This decoder comprises a demultiplexer 701 in which the coded mono signal is extracted to be decoded at 702 by a mono EVS decoder (according to specifications 3GPP TS 26.442 or TS 26.443) in this example.
- the part of the bitstream corresponding to the EVS mono encoder is decoded according to the bit rate used at the encoder. It is assumed here that there is no loss of frames or bit errors on the bit stream to simplify the description, however, known frame loss correction techniques can obviously be implemented in the decoder.
- the decoded mono signal corresponds to M (n) in the absence of channel errors.
- a short-term discrete Fourier transform analysis with the same windowing as the encoder is performed on M (n) (blocks 703 and 704) to obtain the spectrum M [k].
- a decorrelation in the frequency domain (block 720) is also applied. This decorrelation can also be applied in the time domain.
- synthesis block 708 it is for example possible to reconstruct a two-channel signal with the following processing on the decoded mono signal and transformed into frequencies:
- ITD is the decoded ITD for the k-line (if only one ITD is coded, this value is identical for the different lines of index k) and NFFT is the length of the FFT and the inverse FFT (blocks 704, 709, 712).
- the spectra L [k] and R [k] are thus calculated and then converted into the time domain by inverse FFT, windowing, addition and overlap (blocks 709 to 714) to obtain the synthesized channels L (n) and R (n). .
- Parameters that have been encoded to obtain the spatialization information are decoded at 705, 715, and 718.
- the angle parameter ⁇ is decoded with possibly an ITD max value.
- the module 706 for obtaining a representation model of an interchannel time shift information is implemented to obtain this model.
- this model can be defined by the equation (15) defined above. So, from this model and the decoded angle parameter, it is possible for the module 707 to determine the inter-channel time shift information (ITD) of the multichannel signal.
- inter-channel intensity difference (ILD) information are coded, they are decoded by the decoding module of these parameters at 715, to the decoder.
- the residual (ILD) and reference ILD (ILD max ) parameters are decoded to 715.
- this model can be defined by the equation (30) defined above.
- ILD residual parameters i.e., the difference between the actual interchannel intensity difference (ILD) information and the interchannel intensity difference information ( ILD), the reference ILD parameter (ILD max ) and the 705 decoded angle parameter for the ITD information
- ILD interchannel
- the decoder of FIG. 7 is related to the coder of FIG. 4a. It will be understood that if the coding according to the invention is according to FIGS. 4b or 4c, the decoder will be modified accordingly to decode in particular model and angle indices in the form m opt , opt opt , opt opt and reconstruct the values of ITD and ILD according to the model used and indices associated with reconstruction values
- the decoder of FIG. 7 is thus modified as illustrated in FIG. 9.
- the decoded ILD and ITD parameters are not directly reconstructed.
- Stereo synthesis (block 708) is replaced by binaural synthesis (block 920).
- the decoding of the ILD and ITD information is reduced to a decoding (block 910) of the angular coordinates.
- HRTFs (block 930) it is therefore possible to decode a binaural signal and not a stereo signal.
- the HRTFs filters may be applied in the time domain.
- the invention has been described from a decomposition of stereo channels by discrete Fourier transform.
- the invention is also applicable to other complex representations, such as for example the Modulated Complex Lapped Transform (MCLT) decomposition combining a modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) and a discrete modified sinus transform (MDST), as well as the case of Pseudo-Quadrature Mirror Filter (PQMF) filter banks.
- MCLT Modulated Complex Lapped Transform
- MDCT modified discrete cosine transform
- MDST discrete modified sinus transform
- PQMF Pseudo-Quadrature Mirror Filter
- the encoders and decoders as described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 7 may be integrated in multimedia equipment of the set-top box type or audio or video content player. They can also be integrated into communication equipment of the mobile phone or communication gateway type.
- FIG. 10 represents an exemplary embodiment of such an equipment in which an encoder as described with reference to FIGS. 3, 8 and 4a to 4c or a decoder as described with reference to FIG. 7 or 9, according to the invention is integrated.
- This device comprises a PROC processor cooperating with a memory block BM having a storage and / or working memory MEM.
- the memory block may advantageously comprise a computer program comprising code instructions for implementing the steps of the coding method in the sense of the invention, when these instructions are executed by the processor PROC, and in particular the steps of extracting a plurality of spatialization information from the multichannel signal, obtaining at least one representation model of extracted spatialization information, determining at least one angle parameter of a model obtained and encoding the at least one angle parameter determined to code the spatialization information extracted during the coding spatialization information.
- the memory block may advantageously comprise a computer program comprising code instructions for implementing the steps of the decoding method in the sense of the invention, when these instructions are executed by the processor PROC, and in particular the steps of receiving and decoding at least one coded angle parameter, obtaining at least one spatialization information representation model and determining a plurality of spatialisation information of the multichannel signal from the at least one obtained model and the at least one decoded angle parameter.
- the memory MEM can store the representation model or models of different spatialization information that are used in the coding and decoding methods according to the invention.
- FIGS. 3, 4 on the one hand and 7 on the other hand show the steps of an algorithm of such a computer program respectively for the encoder and the decoder.
- the computer program can also be stored on a memory medium readable by a reader of the device or equipment or downloadable in the memory space thereof.
- Such equipment as an encoder comprises an input module capable of receiving a multichannel signal, for example a binaural signal comprising the R and L channels for right and left, either by a communication network or by reading a stored content. on a storage medium.
- This multimedia equipment may also include means for capturing such a binaural signal.
- the device as an encoder comprises an output module capable of transmitting a mono signal M resulting from a channel reduction processing and at least an angle parameter ⁇ making it possible to apply a representation model of a piece of information. spatialization to find this spatial information. If necessary, other parameters such as ILD, ILD or reference ITD residual parameters (ILDmax or ITDmax) are also transmitted via the output module.
- Such equipment as a decoder comprises an input module able to receive a mono signal M resulting from a channel reduction processing and at least an angle parameter ⁇ making it possible to apply a representation model of the information spatialization to find this spatial information. If necessary, to retrieve the spatialization information, other parameters such as ILD, ILD or reference ITD residual parameters (ILDmax or ITDmax) are also received via the input module E.
- the device as a decoder comprises an output module capable of transmitting a multichannel signal, for example a binaural signal comprising the R and L channels for right and left.
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| PCT/FR2017/050547 WO2017153697A1 (fr) | 2016-03-10 | 2017-03-10 | Codage et décodage optimisé d'informations de spatialisation pour le codage et le décodage paramétrique d'un signal audio multicanal |
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| GB2572650A (en) | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-09 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Spatial audio parameters and associated spatial audio playback |
| GB2572761A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2019-10-16 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Quantization of spatial audio parameters |
| GB2574239A (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2019-12-04 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Signalling of spatial audio parameters |
| GB2575305A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2020-01-08 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Determination of spatial audio parameter encoding and associated decoding |
| GB2576769A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-04 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Spatial parameter signalling |
| JP7739255B2 (ja) * | 2019-07-08 | 2025-09-16 | ヴォイスエイジ・コーポレーション | オーディオストリーム内のメタデータのコーディングのためならびに柔軟なオブジェクト内およびオブジェクト間のビットレートの適応のための方法およびシステム |
| FR3101741A1 (fr) * | 2019-10-02 | 2021-04-09 | Orange | Détermination de corrections à appliquer à un signal audio multicanal, codage et décodage associés |
| JP7491376B2 (ja) * | 2020-06-24 | 2024-05-28 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 音信号符号化方法、音信号符号化装置、プログラム及び記録媒体 |
| CN115917643B (zh) * | 2020-06-24 | 2025-05-02 | 日本电信电话株式会社 | 声音信号解码方法、声音信号解码装置、计算机程序产品以及记录介质 |
| GB2598960A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-03-23 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Parametric spatial audio rendering with near-field effect |
| FR3116348A1 (fr) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-05-20 | Orange | Localisation perfectionnée d’une source acoustique |
| CN115691514B (zh) * | 2021-07-29 | 2026-01-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种多声道信号的编解码方法和装置 |
| WO2023031498A1 (fr) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-03-09 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Descripteur de silence utilisant des paramètres spatiaux |
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| EP1500084B1 (fr) * | 2002-04-22 | 2008-01-23 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Representation parametrique d'un signal audio spatial |
| CN1748247B (zh) * | 2003-02-11 | 2011-06-15 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 音频编码 |
| US20090299756A1 (en) * | 2004-03-01 | 2009-12-03 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | Ratio of speech to non-speech audio such as for elderly or hearing-impaired listeners |
| ATE390683T1 (de) * | 2004-03-01 | 2008-04-15 | Dolby Lab Licensing Corp | Mehrkanalige audiocodierung |
| US7983922B2 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2011-07-19 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Apparatus and method for generating multi-channel synthesizer control signal and apparatus and method for multi-channel synthesizing |
| RU2376655C2 (ru) * | 2005-04-19 | 2009-12-20 | Коудинг Текнолоджиз Аб | Зависящее от энергии квантование для эффективного кодирования пространственных параметров звука |
| US8090587B2 (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2012-01-03 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method and apparatus for encoding/decoding multi-channel audio signal |
| US8379868B2 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2013-02-19 | Creative Technology Ltd | Spatial audio coding based on universal spatial cues |
| US8345899B2 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2013-01-01 | Creative Technology Ltd | Phase-amplitude matrixed surround decoder |
| US8712061B2 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2014-04-29 | Creative Technology Ltd | Phase-amplitude 3-D stereo encoder and decoder |
| FR2903562A1 (fr) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-11 | France Telecom | Spatialisation binaurale de donnees sonores encodees en compression. |
| US8046214B2 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2011-10-25 | Microsoft Corporation | Low complexity decoder for complex transform coding of multi-channel sound |
| CN101802907B (zh) * | 2007-09-19 | 2013-11-13 | 爱立信电话股份有限公司 | 多信道音频的联合增强 |
| JP5366104B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-26 | 2013-12-11 | オランジュ | マルチチャネル・オーディオ信号の空間合成 |
| US9025775B2 (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2015-05-05 | Nokia Corporation | Apparatus and method for adjusting spatial cue information of a multichannel audio signal |
| WO2010076460A1 (fr) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-07-08 | France Telecom | Codage perfectionne de signaux audionumériques multicanaux |
| WO2011045548A1 (fr) * | 2009-10-15 | 2011-04-21 | France Telecom | Codage/decodage parametrique bas debit optimise |
| KR101710113B1 (ko) * | 2009-10-23 | 2017-02-27 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 위상 정보와 잔여 신호를 이용한 부호화/복호화 장치 및 방법 |
| US8923995B2 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2014-12-30 | Apple Inc. | Directional audio interface for portable media device |
| WO2011080916A1 (fr) * | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-07 | パナソニック株式会社 | Dispositif et procédé de codage audio |
| CA2731045C (fr) * | 2010-02-05 | 2015-12-29 | Qnx Software Systems Co. | Systeme de spatialisation evoluee |
| CN103119646B (zh) * | 2010-07-20 | 2016-09-07 | 弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会 | 音频编码器、音频解码器、编码音频信息的方法以及解码音频信息的方法 |
| CN103262159B (zh) * | 2010-10-05 | 2016-06-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | 用于对多声道音频信号进行编码/解码的方法和装置 |
| FR2966634A1 (fr) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-04-27 | France Telecom | Codage/decodage parametrique stereo ameliore pour les canaux en opposition de phase |
| EP2477188A1 (fr) * | 2011-01-18 | 2012-07-18 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Codage et décodage des positions de rainures d'événements d'une trame de signaux audio |
| FR2973551A1 (fr) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-05 | France Telecom | Allocation par sous-bandes de bits de quantification de parametres d'information spatiale pour un codage parametrique |
| CN104464742B (zh) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-07-11 | 武汉大学 | 一种3d音频空间参数全方位非均匀量化编码系统及方法 |
| JP6797187B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-25 | 2020-12-09 | ドルビー ラボラトリーズ ライセンシング コーポレイション | オーディオ・デコーダおよびデコード方法 |
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| FR3048808A1 (fr) | 2017-09-15 |
| US20190066701A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
| US10930290B2 (en) | 2021-02-23 |
| EP3427260B1 (fr) | 2021-04-28 |
| CN108885876A (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
| ES2880343T3 (es) | 2021-11-24 |
| US11664034B2 (en) | 2023-05-30 |
| WO2017153697A1 (fr) | 2017-09-14 |
| CN108885876B (zh) | 2023-03-28 |
| US20210110835A1 (en) | 2021-04-15 |
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