EP3421917B1 - Structures de mèche et réseaux de caloducs - Google Patents

Structures de mèche et réseaux de caloducs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3421917B1
EP3421917B1 EP17179184.1A EP17179184A EP3421917B1 EP 3421917 B1 EP3421917 B1 EP 3421917B1 EP 17179184 A EP17179184 A EP 17179184A EP 3421917 B1 EP3421917 B1 EP 3421917B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat pipe
wick
wall portions
wick structure
junction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17179184.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3421917A1 (fr
Inventor
Nicholas Jeffers
Akshat AGARWAL
Rudi O'REILLY MEEHAN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
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Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy filed Critical Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
Priority to EP17179184.1A priority Critical patent/EP3421917B1/fr
Priority to US16/626,003 priority patent/US20210156619A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/062499 priority patent/WO2019001830A1/fr
Publication of EP3421917A1 publication Critical patent/EP3421917A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3421917B1 publication Critical patent/EP3421917B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2210/00—Heat exchange conduits
    • F28F2210/02—Heat exchange conduits with particular branching, e.g. fractal conduit arrangements

Definitions

  • aspects relate, in general, to a wick structure, a heat pipe network and a method.
  • Electronic devices include heat generating components which can be densely packed. This may be particularly apparent in the case of telecommunications equipment for example, where high data throughput to service a network along with the miniaturization of equipment as a result of advancing technology can result in a dense array of components with high heat flux.
  • US9618275 describes a heat pipe with a capillary structure that consists of heat conductive capillary grooves in the condenser region that meet with a porous wick in the evaporator section.
  • US2011/209864 describes a thermal control device comprising at least one network of capillary heat pipes, in which each heat pipe comprises a tube enclosing an essentially annular longitudinal capillary structure.
  • a wick structure for a junction of a heat pipe network as provided in claim 1.
  • the wick structure comprises multiple channels defined by wall portions protruding from a first surface of the wick structure and extending in an axial direction along a length of the wick structure, wherein at least one of the wall portions comprises a tapered termination.
  • the wall portions can therefore extend or depend radially inwardly from an interior surface of the heat pipe.
  • a first wick portion is configured to be located in a first heat pipe and a second wick portion is configured to be located in a second heat pipe, the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe forming a junction, wherein the tapered termination of the wall portion is provided in the junction region between the first wick portion and the second wick portion.
  • Alternate wall portions can be provided with respective terminations.
  • a wall portion can have a curved profile.
  • a wall portion can be curved at said region between the first wick portion and the second wick portion.
  • Alternate wall portions can be provided with respective terminations.
  • a wall portion can have a curved profile.
  • a wall portion can be curved around a junction between two branches of the condenser section.
  • a heat pipe network can be at least partially embedded in a heat sink.
  • a heat sink can be formed around the heat pipe network.
  • Wall portions can be formed such that alternate wall portions terminate.
  • Wall portions can be formed with curved profiles.
  • Efficient cooling of components is an important consideration since there may be strict temperature limits for reliability in a system. On the flip side of this, the volume occupied by a cooling solution should be minimal for multiple deployment options. In order to meet these criteria, a heat pipe network can be used.
  • Heat pipes typically comprise an evaporator section where heat from a heat generating component causes liquid in the heat pipe to evaporate.
  • the vapor travels through the heat pipe to a condenser section where a heat sink allows dissipation of the heat from the heat pipe, condensing the vapor back to liquid.
  • the liquid then travels back to the evaporator section typically along a wick structure which may take several different forms.
  • Heat pipes can be constructed from common metal processing techniques which constrains them to simply shaped designs that are extrusions of two-dimensional objects (rectangular, circular, etc.), implying they typically have a uniform cross-section throughout the length of the heat pipe.
  • FIG. 1 An example of a heat pipe network is shown in figure 1 in which three components 101, 103, 105 generate varying amounts of heat, Q 1 , Q 2 and Q 3 respectively. Each component is provided with a customized heat pipe network 107 based on heat generated from that component, while being isolated from other components.
  • a heat pipe network with several junctions enables this approach by allowing efficient use of the space available.
  • heat pipes are encased in a heat sink 109 which dissipates heat from the heat pipes to the atmosphere.
  • the heat generated by the three components varies and the network approach caters to the needs of each component while minimizing the volume occupied.
  • junctions in such a network of heat pipes form an important part of the network, serving to distribute the heat from the component to a larger surface area, and a wick structure is used to allow liquid from the condenser section to return to the evaporator section without disrupting the flow of hot vapour along the core of a heat pipe. If liquid flow is blocked, it may lead to the liquid pooling at the junction, thereby disrupting the fluid flow cycle in the heat pipe and leading to a dry out. This can occur at junctions (e.g. between two merging heat pipes) where complex wick structures meet and cause impediments to the efficient flow of liquid.
  • an additively manufactured heat pipe which comprises a wick structure with a complex inner geometry that enables the efficient flow of a condensed fluid at a junction in a heat pipe network, thereby reducing the risk of pooling at the junction.
  • FIG 2 is a schematic representation of a junction from a heat pipe network according to an example.
  • the number of heat pipes combining in such a section may vary.
  • An isometric view of a heat pipe junction 207 in which two heat pipes 203, 205 combine to form one 201 is shown in figure 2(a) .
  • a cross-section of the heat pipe is taken, as shown in figure 2(b) .
  • This section is then unwrapped along the dotted line, as indicated by the 'scissor' symbol in figure 2(b) .
  • An illustration of the heat pipe when unwrapped is shown in figure 2(c) , with the dotted line along which it was unwrapped shown for clarity.
  • the heat pipe junction 207 is shown without any wick structure.
  • a wick structure can be located on the inner wall 206 of the heat pipe.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a wick structure for a junction in a heat pipe network according to an example.
  • the wick structure 307 comprises multiple channels 305 defined by wall portions 303 depending or extending radially inwardly from an interior surface 309 of a heat pipe and extending in an axial direction along a length of the heat pipe.
  • a wall portion 303 may extend the full length of the heat pipe, or partway as desired.
  • at least one of the wall portions terminates, and in the example of figure 3 the termination is by way of tapering 304, in a radial direction, along a portion of the length of a wall portion.
  • the terminated wall portions are limited to those in the region of the junction 311.
  • the terminated portions will be situated at the junction 207 of the heat pipe as depicted in figure 2a .
  • the terminating wall portions do not interfere or provoke a complex or cumbersome inner geometry that may cause pooling of fluid leading to a reduction or failure in effectiveness of the heat pipe network.
  • the upper part 301 of the heat pipe has a uniform cross section on approach to the junction.
  • some of the wall portions 303 are gradually tapered 304 to termination. That is, the wall portions 303 reduce in height in a radial direction to the interior surface 309 of the heat pipe.
  • the taper may be gradual and continuous as shown, or stepwise with or without discontinuities.
  • a termination may be such that the wall portion remains proud of the interior surface to some degree. According to an example, this can be done for each of the upper heat pipes 203, 205 in a network which combine into a single lower heat pipe 201 (which may itself then combine with another pipe and so on).
  • a wick structure as shown in figure 3 may be manufactured using conventional manufacturing techniques such as extrusion for example or by additive fabrication as described below.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a wick structure for a junction in a heat pipe network according to an example.
  • alternate wall portions e.g. 410, 411
  • Intermediate wall portions e.g. 405, 415
  • This structure is advantageous in that liquid from all channels in the upper heat pipe is allowed to flow into the lower heat pipe.
  • the height 406 of wall portions in this example is constant since, during normal operation, the channels for liquid returning to the evaporator section created by the wick structure are not expected to be full of liquid. Therefore, the decrease in total volume available for the liquid to occupy as the liquid moves from multiple heat pipes 203, 205 to a single, common heat pipe 201 does not hinder operation of the heat pipe.
  • an area of further performance gain according to an example can be to vary the height of the wick structure such that the transition to a lower available volume as the liquid moves from multiple heat pipes to a single, common heat pipe is made more gradual or so that channel of increased height is provided to accommodate an increased volume of liquid.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a wick structure for a junction in a heat pipe network according to an example.
  • the heat pipe wick channels are not expected to be full of liquid at all times during the operation, there might be a scenario at the peak of performance when the channels are close to being full.
  • the height 510 of the wall portions is increased at the junction as can be seen in figure 5b in order to accommodate an increase in the volume of liquid at the junction region.
  • each alternate wall portion is combined such that liquid from all the channels 501 flows into the lower pipe 503 as shown in figure 5a .
  • the height 510 of the wicks is higher at the junction to increase the available volume for liquid from multiple pipes to flow into a single pipe.
  • the variation in height can be continuous as shown, or may be in the form of a step and so on.
  • a heat pipe network as described above with reference to figures 2 to 5 can be generated using an additive manufacturing process.
  • additive manufacturing enables heat pipes with complex inner geometries to be fabricated.
  • multiple layers of a material, such as metal can be deposited using a rendering apparatus, such as a 3D printer for example, in order to additively manufacture a heat pipe network comprising a wick structure.
  • the heat pipe network can be provided within a heat sink, which can be additively manufactured at the same time (such that the network is built up within the heat sink), or added after the network has been fabricated.
  • directing a flow of condensed fluid in a wick structure efficiently into the lower heat pipe can be extended to heat pipes with other wick structure designs.
  • one such design is that of a sintered wick. This can be composed of sintered metal powder.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a wick structure for a junction in a heat pipe network (not forming an embodiment).
  • Sintered metal wicks 601 can be manufactured by packing small metal particles between the inner heat pipe wall and a mandrel in powder form. This assembly is then heated until the metal particles are sintered to each other and to the inner wall of the heat pipe. The resulting structure can be thought of as isotropic along the inner wall of the heat pipe.
  • a sintered region can be shaped or modified such that it pre-empts a change in shape of the heat pipe, providing a more gradual change in direction for the liquid.
  • the capillary pressure generated by the wick will keep the fluid from leaking out of the sintered region.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic representation of a wick structure for a junction in a heat pipe network (not forming an embodiment).
  • the sintered wick structure 701 along the inner wall of the junction in the heat pipe is shaped 705 to pre-empt the termination of the heat pipe and provide a gradual change in direction to the liquid at the junction region.
  • this is accomplished by providing an area 703 devoid of sintered material and by profiling the sintered material above the junction as shown to have a generally sinuous nature so as to avoid any discontinuities that would otherwise interrupt the natural flow of fluid in the wick structure.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a wick structure for a junction in a heat pipe network (not forming an embodiment).
  • a sintered region 800 (whose directionality typically cannot be controlled using conventional manufacturing processes) is fabricated and made anisotropic.
  • the directional sinter 801, 803 provides a path of least resistance to the liquid in the wick, thereby directing it 'around' the junction, generally in direction D, in order to avoid the effects of liquid pooling reducing the effectiveness of the network.
  • the sintered material can be the same material used for the heat pipe and/or a heat sink.
  • the anisotropic property of the sintered material at the region of a junction can be provided using, for example, selective laser sintering.
  • a heat pipe network with several junctions can be provided by providing complex and bespoke wick structures for the inner walls of the junction.
  • the wick structures allow the seamless flow of liquid from the condenser section to the evaporator section of the heat pipe.
  • a wick structure for a heat pipe network can comprise a first wick portion, a second wick portion and a third wick portion and being configured to allow a flow of a liquid from the first wick portion and the second wick portion to the third wick portion wherein the wick structure further comprises irregularities provided at least at a region between the first wick structure and the third wick structure and configured to assist the flow of the liquid from the first wick structure to the third wick structure.
  • the first wick portion can be provided on the inner wall of, for example, heat pipe 203
  • the second wick portion can be provided on the inner wall of, for example, heat pipe 205
  • the third wick portion can be provided on the inner wall of, for example, heat pipe 201.
  • Irregularities provided at least at the region 207 between the first wick structure and the third wick structure can be a in the form of a tapered structure as described with reference to figures 3 to 5 for example, or a sintered structure as described with reference to figures 7 or 8 for example.
  • the irregularities configured to assist the flow of the liquid from the first wick structure to the third wick structure can channels with tapered wall portions as described with reference to figures 3 to 5 for example, or an anisotropic sintered structure as described with reference to figures 7 or 8 for example.
  • the wick structure can further comprise irregularities provided at least at a region between the second wick structure and the third wick structure and configured to assist the flow of the liquid from the second wick structure to the third wick structure.
  • the wick structure can comprise channels defining walls and the irregularities can include terminations in the wall portions.
  • the wick structure can comprise terminations in alternate wall portions.
  • the wick structure can comprise a sintered material and the irregularities can include an area devoid of sintered material configured to provide gradual change in the direction of the flow of the liquid and/or a region of sintered material configured to provide a path of flow having a resistance to flow which is lower than a resistance of flow of an adjacent area, as shown in figure 8 for example.
  • a wall portion of a channel can have a constant height, or may have a varying height.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Structure de mèche (307) pour une jonction (207) d'un réseau de caloducs (107), la structure de mèche comprenant :
    plusieurs canaux (305) définis par des parties de paroi (305) faisant saillie d'une première surface (309) de la structure de mèche et s'étendant dans une direction axiale le long d'une longueur de la structure de mèche, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins l'une des parties de paroi comprend une terminaison progressivement rétrécie (304) ;
    une première partie de mèche configurée pour être positionnée dans un premier caloduc (203) et une seconde partie de mèche configurée pour être positionnée dans un second caloduc (205), le premier caloduc et le second caloduc formant une jonction (207), dans laquelle la terminaison progressivement rétrécie (304) de la partie de paroi est prévue dans la région de la jonction entre la première partie de mèche et la seconde partie de mèche.
  2. Structure de mèche selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle des parties de paroi alternées (410 ; 411) sont prévues avec des terminaisons respectives.
  3. Structure de mèche selon la revendication 2, dans laquelle une partie de paroi (405 ; 415) a un profil incurvé.
  4. Structure de mèche selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle la partie de paroi est incurvée au niveau de ladite région entre la première partie de mèche et la seconde partie de mèche.
  5. Réseau de caloducs (107) comprenant une section d'évaporateur en communication de fluide avec plusieurs branchements de caloduc comprenant chacune une section de condenseur respective dans le réseau, dans lequel un branchement de caloduc comprend une structure de mèche (307) sur sa surface interne (309) afin de favoriser un écoulement de fluide de la section de condenseur respective à la section d'évaporateur, la structure de mèche comprenant plusieurs canaux (305) définis par des parties de paroi dépendant radialement vers l'intérieur à partir d'une surface intérieure d'un branchement et s'étendant dans une direction axiale le long d'une longueur d'un branchement, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'une des parties de paroi comprend une terminaison progressivement rétrécie (304) dans une direction radiale par rapport au branchement de caloduc, dans lequel la terminaison progressivement rétrécie d'une partie de paroi est prévue dans la direction d'une jonction (207) entre deux branchements de la section de condenseur.
  6. Réseau de caloducs selon la revendication 5, dans lequel les parties de paroi alternées sont prévues avec des terminaisons respectives.
  7. Réseau de caloducs selon la revendication 5 ou 6, dans lequel une partie de paroi (405 ; 415) a un profil incurvé.
  8. Réseau de caloducs selon la revendication 7, dans lequel la partie de paroi est incurvée autour d'une jonction entre deux branchements de la section de condenseur.
  9. Réseau de caloducs selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, dans lequel le réseau de caloducs est au moins partiellement encastré dans un dissipateur de chaleur.
  10. Procédé pour fabriquer un réseau de caloducs comprenant :
    la déposition de plusieurs couches de matériau pour fabriquer, de manière additive, un réseau de caloducs comprenant une structure de mèche avec plusieurs canaux définis par des parties de paroi pour dépendre radialement vers l'intérieur à partir d'une surface intérieure d'un caloduc et pour s'étendre dans une direction axiale le long d'une longueur d'un caloduc, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'une des parties de paroi se termine par un rétrécissement progressif dans une direction radiale.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, comprenant en outre la formation d'un dissipateur de chaleur autour du réseau de caloducs.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 10 ou 11, comprenant en outre la formation de parties de paroi de sorte que les parties de paroi alternées se terminent.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, comprenant en outre la formation de parties de paroi avec des profils incurvés.
EP17179184.1A 2017-06-30 2017-06-30 Structures de mèche et réseaux de caloducs Active EP3421917B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17179184.1A EP3421917B1 (fr) 2017-06-30 2017-06-30 Structures de mèche et réseaux de caloducs
US16/626,003 US20210156619A1 (en) 2017-06-30 2018-05-15 Wick structures and heat pipe networks
PCT/EP2018/062499 WO2019001830A1 (fr) 2017-06-30 2018-05-15 Structures de mèche et réseaux de caloducs

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17179184.1A EP3421917B1 (fr) 2017-06-30 2017-06-30 Structures de mèche et réseaux de caloducs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3421917A1 EP3421917A1 (fr) 2019-01-02
EP3421917B1 true EP3421917B1 (fr) 2021-06-02

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EP17179184.1A Active EP3421917B1 (fr) 2017-06-30 2017-06-30 Structures de mèche et réseaux de caloducs

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US (1) US20210156619A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3421917B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019001830A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3905286A1 (fr) * 2020-04-30 2021-11-03 ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG Échangeur de chaleur et agencement électrique comprenant l'échangeur de chaleur
CN116964401A (zh) * 2021-03-10 2023-10-27 大日本印刷株式会社 蒸发室、蒸发室用的芯部片材以及电子设备

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3305005A (en) * 1965-12-03 1967-02-21 George M Grover Capillary insert for heat tubes and process for manufacturing such inserts
JPS63143487A (ja) * 1986-12-08 1988-06-15 Fujitsu Ltd ヒ−トパイプ構造
US7832204B2 (en) * 2006-12-18 2010-11-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Engine system including heat pipe
FR2938323B1 (fr) * 2008-11-12 2010-12-24 Astrium Sas Dispositif de regulation thermique a reseau de caloducs capillaires interconnectes
US9618275B1 (en) * 2012-05-03 2017-04-11 Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc. Hybrid heat pipe
CN103868386A (zh) * 2012-12-17 2014-06-18 富瑞精密组件（昆山）有限公司 平板热管及其制造方法
CN106482562B (zh) * 2016-11-01 2019-05-14 华南理工大学 一种拼接式空间多支路分布热管及其制备方法

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EP3421917A1 (fr) 2019-01-02
US20210156619A1 (en) 2021-05-27
WO2019001830A1 (fr) 2019-01-03

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