EP3420567A1

EP3420567A1 - Feed-throughs for applications under high external pressure, and method for the production thereof

Info

Publication number: EP3420567A1
Application number: EP17707287.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jürgen Suttner; Thomas Fink
Original assignee: Schott AG
Current assignee: Schott AG
Priority date: 2016-02-26
Filing date: 2017-02-24
Publication date: 2019-01-02
Also published as: US20190006066A1; US10726978B2; CN109416962B; JP6873150B2; JP2019510175A; DE102016103485A1; CN109416962A; KR20180115309A; WO2017144661A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a feed-through (1), in particular for applications under high external pressure, comprising a base body (3) and at least one through-opening (4, 5) extending through the base body (3) and at least one functional element (6, 7), wherein the at least one functional element (6, 7) is arranged inside the at least one through-opening (4, 5), wherein the at least one functional element (6, 7) is connected to the base body (3) in a fluid-tight manner, preferably with an insulation material (11, 12) at least partially surrounding the functional element (6, 7) and preferably creating the fluid-tight connection, and with a pressure compensation unit for the fluid-tight connection of the at least one functional element (6, 7) to the base body (3), in particular an external pressure compensation unit, by means of which preferably the compressive strength of the fluid-tight connection of the at least one functional element (6, 7) to the base body (3) is increased against pressure, in particular external pressure. The invention also relates to a method for producing the feed-through (1) and uses of the feed-through (1).

Description

Feedthroughs for applications with high external pressure and methods for their

manufacturing

description

The invention relates to bushings for applications at high external pressure and to processes for their preparation. For a variety of applications, feedthroughs are used that have to withstand high external pressures safely. In particular, when these feedthroughs come into contact with fluids that are under high pressure on one side, their reliable use and their continuous operating stability is of great importance, including safety. These applications include deepwater facilities such as exploration and exploration facilities, i. in the exploration and / or promotion, in particular of oil and / or gas deposits, or their use in chemical or radiation-contaminated environments, such as in the chemical industry or in energy systems and reactor technology. Further

Applications include, for example, manned and unmanned watercraft, such as diving robots and submarines, as well as special gas tanks, such as CC bearings or LNG tanks (liquid natural gas, also called LPG) or F tanks, in particular for

Automotive vehicles with fuel cells which are e.g. require a compressive strength of 700 bar.

In US 4,797,117, there are disclosed connectors having a rubber sheath within which wedge-shaped sealing lip rings are sealingly applied to an insulated conductor in cross-section by pressing with a tapered element. This construction of the connector is intended in particular to enable on-site installation and its repair.

US 2006/0179950 A1 shows a housing feed-through for a component comprising a pressure sensor, with a substantially wedge-shaped fluid-ring seal in cross section, which surrounds the component in a sealing manner within a frustoconical opening of the housing. To indicate a simpler manufacturing process, it is proposed that the wedge-shaped To introduce fluid ring seal with such high forces that at least the elastic

Deformation limit of either the housing or the component is exceeded.

DE 10 2006 054 843 A1 discloses an electrical feedthrough, in particular for

Pressure applications, with a housing passage at least in the region of a first

Housing end, wherein the pressure-loaded housing side forms at least two orifices on a portion of the housing outer surface. The least two

Mouths are preferably formed the same area or substantially the same area. The at least two orifices are further offset at equal angular intervals around the housing axis, preferably in such a way that the axes of the orifices and thus also the lines of force of the forces resulting from the pressure on the pressure side intersect at a common point, preferably together with the housing axis , This training should result in a pressure compensation applications of the pressures acting on the mouths. The disadvantage of this implementation is that by

Compressing forces resulting from the surrounding the respective conductor

Insulation material are passed through and only in pairs with two conductors compensation can be achieved. Furthermore, in this arrangement, the respective conductor bent by 90 ° guided within a housing opening, which not only makes the production difficult, but also complicates the geometry of the conductor guide. In addition, the geometric dimensions are many times more space-consuming than would be necessary for a straight ladder guide.

In WO 2012/167921 A1, a bushing for a battery housing is described, in which a base body is welded into a housing. In order to keep thermal and / or pressure loading away from the glazing of the conductor, there is a groove in the base body at the boundary to the housing, which is intended to act like a cooling fin of a heat sink during welding. When passing through batteries, the implementation is particularly exposed to thermal loads. The occurring pressures play for the implementation of a

subordinate role, as usually before rip open the housing. Therefore, in the passages shown, moreover, pressurized staring should be ensured over the entire operating range, which is why the majority of the material of the base body is between the groove and Glazing is located. When an external pressure is applied, it should be kept away from the glare.

DE 14 90 508 A describes a vacuum-tight electrical feedthrough for high

Current load, which has an annular recess which is arranged in a likewise annular flange has. This annular recess is elastically formed to accommodate a thermally induced expansion of a conductor consisting of a copper bolt. Due to the compulsory predetermined deformability of the annular recess this is not suitable for use at high external pressures. The same applies to the lateral play within a tube made of chromium steel

Copper bolts. Again, there is a large part of the material of the body between groove and Einglasung.

DE 2 263 222 A discloses a weldable electrical pressure-glass feedthrough for vacuum-tight or pressure-tight sealed containers, which has a multiplicity of pressure-glass feedthroughs which are surrounded by a radial groove arranged adjacent to a welding lip. Since, based on an axial center line of this implementation, pressure glass connections are arranged radially one behind the other, this groove can not act as a pressure compensation device and thus does not improve the pressure resistance of this bushing with respect to high external pressures. The same applies to the gastight bushing shown in DE 1 490 333 A for two 3-phase conductor systems, each with a neutral conductor, in particular since there is a large part of the material of the body between the groove and glazing.

No. 4,213,004 B discloses a gas-tight connection arranged in a covert duct, in which a cylinder consisting of Kovar with lateral clearance is held within an aluminum welding lip by electron beam welding. The

Welding lip is designed to provide the weldability of an aluminum flange with a Kovarhülse by means of a nickel connection line. This implementation can not withstand high pressures.

The vacuum-tight implementation of DE 16 65 564 A, in which an electrically conductive bolt is surrounded by a hollow cylindrical insulating body, has an external pressure-side collar, softer surrounds the electrically conductive bolt, but opens in a funnel shape toward the outside so that fluids under elevated pressure tend to penetrate between this collar and the electrically conductive bolt. It is also known from the prior art to make glazings of conductors in base bodies, which are prefabricated and then connected to a housing by thermal methods, for example by welding. In this case, a thermal overload of the glazing is avoided by relief devices in the body, this

Relief facilities locally enlarge the surface of the body and so as

Heat sink act before glazing. Likewise, such relief devices can serve to keep emerging during the welding of the body by thermal expansion of the housing and / or base body voltages from the glaze, so that it is not damaged. The known base body are designed so that the radially acting on the glazing pressure is kept as constant as possible regardless of the ambient temperature or at least reduced to an extent, so that a low

Maximum limit is not exceeded. For this purpose, the relief devices are usually located near the boundary of the body to the housing, at a safe distance to the glaze. Such bushings are generally not suitable for high external pressures, in particular pressures of more than 1000 bar, can withstand, as this is often a weakening of the outer flange is made, but without compensating for a higher external pressure.

In the structural design of the implementation of the invention, the width of the pressure compensation device, in particular the annular groove is advantageously designed so that it should be as narrow as possible. The achievable width of the pressure compensation device depends mainly on the manufacturing process. When eroding groove widths of about 1 mm and less can be achieved. When milling usually a few millimeters are achievable. The width (its radial extension BN) of the pressure compensation device can thus be very narrow and yet show all positive effects, since still radially acting, pressure strength increasing forces arise in the same way. Thus, however, the effect of the compressive forces on the body can be reduced by a smaller width BN of the groove, because these forces increase proportionally with the size of the bottom surface of the groove respective annular groove. Consequently, a wider groove with the same inner diameter proportional to the square of the outer diameter and thus with increasing width BN of the groove, the implementation will be less pressure-resistant, if this outer diameter increases, which is compensated for widening grooves with an increase in the thickness of the body.

This is under the annular groove, the blind hole-like openings or

protruding section remaining material dimensioned so that this in the

Operating state occurring outside pressures each safely withstands.

For preferred embodiments, the volume of the material between the groove and the insulating material is much smaller than the volume of the material of the body between the groove and the outer edge of the bushing, especially if the bushing is to be welded into further assemblies for later assembly.

With the invention bushings are to be provided, in which in a simple manner and individual, such as ladder comprehensive functional elements safely and

continuous operation, are kept fluid-tight even at high pressures. In the context of the present disclosure, high pressures are to be understood as meaning, in particular, pressures of more than 1000 bar, in particular also pressures of more than 1500 bar or more than 2000 bar. Furthermore, it is advantageous if in this case complex guide geometries for functional elements, for example conductors, can be avoided. It is also advantageous if space-consuming geometries are avoided and a plurality of functional elements can be arranged next to one another in the passage.

For this purpose, the invention provides an implementation, in particular for applications at high

External pressure on, with a base body and at least one through opening extending through the main body,

and at least one functional element, wherein the at least one functional element is arranged within the at least one passage opening,

wherein the at least one functional element is fluid-tightly connected to the base body, preferably with a the functional element at least partially surrounding and preferably the fluid-tight connection producing insulating material and with

a pressure compensation device for the fluid-tight connection of the at least one functional element with the main body, in particular one

External pressure compensation device, by means of which preferably the compressive strength of the fluid-tight connection of the at least one functional element with the main body against pressure, in particular external pressure is increased and preferably by the pressure, in particular the external pressure resulting pressure components perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the passage opening to edge regions of the at least one through hole surrounding material of Base body are guided and these edge regions preferably extend obliquely or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the at least one through hole.

Particularly advantageously, the fluid-tight connection is also hermetically sealed, i. the

Helium leak rate is less than 1 x 10 ³ mbar * l / sec at 1 bar pressure difference within the operating pressure range.

Preferably, the invention also provides a bushing, in particular for applications at high external pressure, with a base body and at least one through opening extending through the base body, and at least one functional element, wherein the at least one functional element is disposed within the at least one through hole, wherein the at least one functional element is fluid-tightly connected to the base body, preferably with an insulating material at least partially surrounding and preferably the fluid-tight connection producing insulating material, and with an annular groove in the material of the base body, which is preferably arranged symmetrically to the passage opening and / or with openings, preferably blind hole-like openings in the material of the base body, which preferably symmetrical to

Through hole, in particular with its longitudinal axis on a through hole surrounding the full circle, are arranged and / or with a hervororkragenden portion of the body, which is preferably arranged symmetrically to the passage opening.

In the preferred embodiments, when applied in the operating condition, a pressure applied to the insulating material Randwall the pressure compensation device is perpendicular to Direction of the axis of the passage opening pressed, wherein preferably one of the

Operating condition, in particular from the external pressure-dependent clamping force on the insulating material is formed. In a preferred embodiment, the pressure compensation device is shown as on

Insulating material adjacent edge wall formed and are pressed by applied in the operating pressure at least portions of the Randwalls perpendicular to the direction of the axis of the through hole, while the operating condition, in particular the external pressure, dependent clamping force on the insulating material.

In order to emphasize the functional diversity of the possible uses of the functional element, this is referred to in the context of the present disclosure not only as a functional element, but alternately as a functional element. Surprisingly, by these measures, the connection between the

Base body and the functional element, in particular the connection of the insulating material with the base body, withstand a performance without pressure compensation device, in particular external pressure compensation device by 20%, preferably by 50% and most preferably by 100% increased operating pressures fluid-tight. In the same way, the pressure resistance of the bushing could thereby be increased by preferably 20%, more preferably by 50% and most preferably by 100% or even by more than 100%.

In particular, a bushing according to the invention is able to withstand external pressures of more than 1000 bar. The inventors have recognized that one of the principles of operation of the invention, in simplified terms, is based on the fact that, in the operating state or accident, the external pressure acting on the feed-through is used to stabilize the enamel itself in the passage opening. The pressure compensation device is set up so that the pressure acting on it acts radially, thus perpendicular to a longitudinal or symmetrical axis of a passage opening of the bushing, on the insulating material and thus with increasing pressure an increasing clamping effect is exerted on the insulating material, which advantageously a bending of the Passage opening can counteract. For this purpose, the material of the base body, at least in the area of the pressure compensation device by the pressure be deformable, in particular elastically deformable, advantageously reversible elastically deformable. Parameters for the design of the pressure compensation device can be the remaining material thickness between the pressure compensation device and the insulating material, as well as the depth of the material

Pressure compensation device measured parallel to the axis of the passage opening. Put simply, the inventors use the surprising finding that a

Weakening of the material of the body by the pressure compensation device leads to an increase in the compressive strength of the implementation. Equally possible is the use in machines such as e.g. Water jet cutting machines, presses, hydraulic systems, common rail injection systems and similar applications in which high pressures of fluids occur, in particular occur on one side of a passage. In particular, the invention also makes it possible to connect sensors and / or actuators and any other particular electrical consumers and / or generators in environments with high pressures with other equipment.

Most surprisingly, the inventors have also found that in a further preferred embodiment, the width of the groove can increase, in particular even so far increase in the radial direction that no more groove through the removal of the material, but instead an open space results, which then extends in front of a protruding portion in lateral, thus radially outwardly extending direction. Instead of the

Inner wall of the annular groove is thus formed in this modified embodiment, a hervororkragender section with an outer wall, wherein the outer wall of the hervororkragenden section then functionally substantially the same as the inner wall of the groove. Because of this equal effect, the statements made subsequently to the inner wall of the annular groove also apply in each case to the outer wall of the protruding section, in particular in the case of an embodiment identical to the width of the groove.

In the structural design of such a implementation with overhang is the

Material thickness of the body in the area outside the projection chosen so that the body withstands the expected pressures. Then a projection with a comparatively small wall thickness is provided. For preferred embodiments, the volume of the material of the protruding portion is much smaller than the volume of the material of the body between the protruding portion and the outer edge of the bushing, especially if the bushing is to be welded into further assemblies for later assembly.

The feedthroughs according to the invention are particularly suitable for making components and / or devices connectable to one another with the aid of the feedthrough and / or for operating sensors and / or actuators. Since such feedthroughs can be used in many advantageous ways, in particular for deep-sea facilities such as in a petroleum and / or natural gas drilling or exploration facility, and / or in chemically or radiation-stressed environments such as the chemical industry or power plants and reactor technology, in particular in

explosive areas, in a power generation or energy storage device with a housing, or in an encapsulation of a power generating device or an energy storage device or a storage device of toxic and / or harmful matter, in particular as passage means within the containment of a reactor or passageway through the containment of a Reactor, in particular a chemical or nuclear reactor, or in a spacecraft or space exploration vehicle, or in diving robots and or manned or unmanned submersibles, or in a housing of a sensor and / or actuator, the pressure acting on the implementation, for example in reactors an internal Pressure and in other applications, for example in the deep sea, an external pressure, thus an external pressure. Consequently, should be referred to as the pressure-facing side of the main body that side of the body, which acts on the increased external or internal pressure, thus generally the increased pressure.

Advantageously, the pressure compensation device comprises an annular groove in the material of the base body, which is preferably arranged symmetrically to the at least one passage opening on the side facing the pressure, in particular the external pressure side of the base body. In a likewise advantageous manner, the pressure compensation device may alternatively or additionally comprise openings, preferably blind hole-like openings in the material of the base body, which preferably faces symmetrically with respect to the at least one passage opening, in particular with its longitudinal axis on a full circle surrounding the passage opening, on which the pressure, in particular the external pressure Side of the body are arranged.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the pressure compensation device may alternatively or additionally comprise a hervororkragenden portion of the body, which is preferably formed as an annular elevation symmetrical to the passage opening on the pressure, in particular the external pressure side facing the base body.

In a first preferred embodiment, the depth of the annular groove or blind hole-like opening extends to that depth which is approximately at the center of the depth of the functional element surrounding and establishing the fluid-tight connection

Isolation material is located

or

ends near the base body end of the protruding portion in about half the height of the preferably the fluid-tight connection producing insulating material on the base body.

In a second preferred embodiment, the depth of the annular groove or blind hole-like opening extends to the depth at which the insulating material surrounding the functional element and providing the fluid-tight connection begins to abut the body

or

ends near the base body near the end of the protruding portion at the height of the base body where the functional element surrounding and fluid-tight connection producing insulating material begins to abut the base body.

In a third preferred embodiment, the depth of the annular groove or the blind hole-like opening extends to that depth at which the functional element surrounding and the fluid-tight connection producing insulating material stops, on

To abut basic body

or

ends near the base body near the end of the protruding portion at the height of the base body, where the surrounding the functional element and the fluid-tight connection producing insulating material stops to abut the body.

In a fourth preferred embodiment, the depth of the annular groove or blind hole-like opening extends beyond the depth at which the insulating material surrounding the functional element and providing the fluid-tight connection ceases to abut the base body

or

ends near the base body near the end of the protruding portion deeper on the body than at the point where the functional element surrounding and the fluid-tight connection producing insulating material stops to abut the body.

The depth of the annular groove or the blind hole-like openings can be used to adjust the pressure behavior of the implementation. In particular, in the embodiment in which the depth of the annular groove or the blind hole-like opening extends to a depth which is in the region of the insulating material, i. the depth of which in a plane is perpendicular to the axis of the through hole and overlaps with the expansion of the insulating material along the through hole, the depth of the through hole can make the pressure resistance of the bushing at different outer pressures adjustable. In principle, the deeper the annular groove or the blind hole-like opening, the higher pressures can withstand the implementation. However, high pressure resistance is at the expense of the compression or compression strength of the insulating material towards lower pressures. The same effect also occurs in the embodiments with hervororkragendem portion in which functionally corresponds to the extension of the protruding portion in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the through holes then the depth of the groove or the blind hole-like openings.

Is the surface of the insulating material on the side facing away from the pressure below the plane of the depth of the annular groove or the blind hole-like openings extending from the Pressure-facing side extend into the body, so this area carries the

Glaze length to the term strength and / or hermeticity of the implementation in particular at pressures of less than 1000 bar at. The area along the

Glazing length, which runs parallel to the annular groove or the blind hole-like openings, is arranged as described to exert a clamping action on the insulating material at applied pressures. This area then contributes to the tightness of the implementation from 1000 bar and more. Therefore, it is preferred to balance the depth of the annular groove or holes and the glaze length and / or overlap area. A preferred compromise is achieved in the range in which the depth of the annular groove or the blind hole-like openings or a length of the protruding portion in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the through hole in about half of the

Glaze length corresponds, with deviations up or down of preferably 30%, more preferably 20%, most preferably 10%. The term glazing length here refers to the length over which the insulating material extends fittingly within the respective passage opening in the longitudinal direction of the passage opening on the base body, and preferably also on the functional element.

Particularly preferably, the functional element is an electrical conductor or the functional element comprises an electrical conductor.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the pressure compensation device comprises a circular annular groove and / or openings, preferably blind hole-like openings in the material of the base body, which are preferably arranged symmetrically to the passage opening and / or comprises a hervororkragenden portion of the body, which is preferably arranged symmetrically to the passage opening.

If the insulating material which preferably produces the fluid-tight connection comprises glass and / or glass-ceramic material and / or ceramic material, and the feedthrough preferably comprises a pressure inlet, in which the glass and / or the

glass-ceramic material and / or the ceramic material with the main body and the functional element is at least partially fluid-tight manner, can hereby hermetically sealed and permanently operational connections can be realized. A Druckeinglasung arises when the thermal expansion coefficient of the material of the body is greater than that of the material of the in the through hole

melted insulation material. In classical printing glass production, the thermal expansion coefficient of the functional element is equal to or smaller than the thermal one

Expansion coefficient of the insulation material. Although a slightly higher thermal expansion is also possible, but can the pressure in the glazing, which exerts the insulation material in the radial direction of the functional element and thus reduce the pressure resistance and Auszugsfestigkeit. With the groove or the protruding portion, a material for the functional element with higher elongation can now also be used, since the additional pressure is passed through the insulating material to the functional element and thus despite a mismatch thus existing in conventional embodiments, the implementation according to the invention still for higher pressures is suitable.

Preferably, the material of the functional element comprises a metal, in particular steel, stainless steel, titanium, titanium alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, but in particular a NiFe alloy, preferably CF25, an FeCo alloy, more preferably also a beryllium-copper alloy, Kovar, CF25 , Tungsten or Inconel such as Inconel 690, Inconel 625, Inconel 740, Inconel 740X, Inconel 750, Inconel 750X.

In a particularly preferred manner, the pressurization of the material of the base body within the operating pressure range of the implementation exceeds the elastic

Deformation limit within the material of the body and within the material of the functional element not.

The annular groove and / or the protruding portion may also have a non-rectangular, in particular frusto-conical cross-section and / or the blind hole-like

Openings may be arranged obliquely. By means of this configuration, the action of the pressure component acting perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the at least one passage opening can advantageously be adjusted in each case adapted to different depths. Particularly advantageous is a bushing, in particular for applications at high external pressure, in which DA, the outer diameter of the inner wall of the annular groove or the outer diameter of the outer wall of the hervororkragenden section and Di denotes the diameter of the insulating material and thus in particular the diameter of the

Indicates through-hole, and the ratio of DA / Di has a preferred value in a range of DA / Di less than or equal to 2 to greater than or equal to 1.05, a particularly preferred value for the ratio DA / Di of less than or equal to 1.6 to greater than or equal to 1.10 and the most preferred value of the ratio DA / Di is in a range of less than or equal to 1.35 to greater than or equal to 1.15.

Also advantageous is an implementation, especially for high-end applications

External pressure in which an overlapping area of the pressure compensation device with the glaze and thus the glaze length of the insulating material in the longitudinal direction of the through opening has a value of 0%, 50% or 100% of the glaze length L and further preferred amounts of this overlapping area 10%, 15%, 20% and more preferably 30% of the glaze length.

In a method for producing a bushing, in particular for applications at high external pressure, is on a body of the implementation of a

Pressure compensation device formed by means of which the compressive strength of the

Implementation is increased, being reduced for the formation of the pressure compensation device material of the base body in the vicinity of the passage opening on the pressure-facing side of the base body. Advantageously, in this method, the material of the body to form a

Annular groove, a blind hole-like bore or reduced to form a hervororkragenden section, in particular material removal can be reduced. Advantageous methods are erosion and / or milling. Also conceivable, however, are processes for the production of the basic body, which provide the required structures by molding. For example, it is possible to produce the main body by means of casting processes, in particular diecasting, or else cold forming processes. The implementation of the invention has in addition to the surprisingly high pressure resistance further advantages in their application. Comparison tests with bushings without

Pressure compensation device and conical or stepped profiles of

Through openings, which represent retaining means for the insulating material, have shown that the pressure-compensating feedthroughs according to the invention tend to have fewer spontaneous breaks in the insulating material. In such spontaneous breaks, the insulation material is destroyed when it reaches a pressure limit and it bursts from the

Through opening. This burst pressure is measured on a variety of components and the result is a Gaussian distribution with a distribution width around an average of bursting pressure. Compared with bushings with retaining means, the bushings with pressure compensation device according to the invention have a significantly smaller distribution width around the mean value. This means that when constructing a

inventive implementation less safety distance to the required

Pressure tightness must be considered. Likewise, fewer spontaneous errors are to be expected in the operation of an implementation according to the invention, which improves their continuous operating strength and reliability even in rough use.

It is assumed that the markedly improved spontaneous breaking and / or bursting pressure behavior of the bushing with pressure compensation device according to the invention is achieved by means of its pressure compensation device

Effect is to explain. In the case of brittle insulation materials, especially glass materials and / or at least partially crystalline materials in the passage opening, their breakage is usually initiated by initial crack formation, which propagates further in the insulation material. The initial crack may be triggered by anisotropies and / or errors in the volume of the insulating material, but in particular by errors and / or damage to the surface. In particular, surface damage can also occur in the operating state through interaction with the fluid and / or foreign bodies and may be unavoidable under certain circumstances. Above all, initial cracks with substantial proportions parallel to the axis of the passage opening can be decisive for the described spontaneous fractures. The pressure compensation device of the implementation according to the invention, however, when pressurized causes a pressure component perpendicular to the axis of the passage opening and thus perpendicular to the propagation direction of critical initial cracks in the insulating material. resulting Initial cracks are thus as it were supposed to be closed and their propagation is thus prevented or at least impeded.

Particularly advantageous is the use of a disclosed here in their various embodiments, and in particular as disclosed according to the invention implementation for

Facilities in the deep sea and / or oil and / or natural gas production or

Exploration device, and / or in chemically or radiation-contaminated environments, such as in the chemical industry or in energy systems and reactor technology, especially in hazardous areas, in a power generation or

Energy storage device with a housing, or in an encapsulation of a

Energy generating device or an energy storage device or a reactor or a storage device of toxic and / or harmful matter, in particular as a passage device within the containment of a reactor or

Conduit through the containment of a reactor, in particular a chemical or nuclear reactor, or in a spacecraft or space exploration vehicle, or in manned and unmanned vessels, such as diving robots and submarines. In particular, the invention is suitable for the connection of transmitting and / or receiving devices and / or in a housing of a sensor and / or actuator, in all these applications, or in gas tanks, in particular CC bearings or H2 tanks or LNG tanks, or preferably also for motor vehicles with fuel cells or

High-pressure injection systems such as common rail

or more preferably in machines such as presses or hydraulic equipment and / or devices. The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. a cross-sectional view of a first

preferred embodiment of an implementation in which the

Sectionally extending approximately vertically extending through the center of the implementation and the pressure compensation device comprises an annular groove, a cross-sectional view of the detail A of

in the first preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1,

another cross-sectional view of the detail A of

in the first preferred embodiment shown in Figure 1, in particular also for illustrating the glaze length L and the overlap region

B with the respective pressure compensation device, which in this

Embodiment comprises a groove,

a cross-sectional view of a bushing

without pressure compensation device, in which the sectional plane extends approximately perpendicularly through the center of the passage,

a cross-sectional view of the detail A

a second preferred embodiment in which the

Pressure compensation device comprises an annular groove,

a cross-sectional view of the detail A

a third preferred embodiment in which the

Pressure compensation device comprises an annular groove,

a cross-sectional view of the detail A

a third preferred embodiment in which the

Pressure compensation device comprises an annular groove,

a plan view of each in the figures 1

and Figures 4-6 show the respective preferred embodiments

Embodiments in the direction of the arrow X of Figure 1, in which the

Pressure compensation device each comprises an annular groove, a plan view of a functional element of

in each case in Figures 1 and 4 to 6 shown implementations of the respective preferred embodiments in the direction of the arrow X of Figure 1, at which also shows the annular groove surrounding the functional element,

a top view of a functional element of

In each case in the figures 9 to 13 shown implementations of the respective preferred embodiments in the direction of the arrow X of Figure 1, in which also the functional element surrounding the protruding portion is recognizable and in which for the sake of clarity other parts of

Basic body of the implementation are not shown

a supervision of an implementation of a

Another preferred embodiment in a direction which corresponds to the direction of the arrow X of Figure 1, in which the

Pressure compensation device includes blind hole-like openings in the material of the body,

a top view of the functional element of the

8a in a direction which the direction of the

Arrow X corresponds to Figure 1, in which also the functional element surrounding blind hole-like openings in the material of the body are visible,

a cross-sectional view of a first

preferred embodiment of an implementation in which the

Section extending approximately vertically extending through the center of the implementation and the pressure compensation device comprises a hervororkragenden portion of the body, which is formed as an annular projection,

a cross-sectional view of the detail B of

First preferred embodiment of a bushing of Figure 9, a further cross-sectional view of the detail B of

First preferred embodiment of a bushing of Figure 9, in particular also for illustrating the glaze length L and the

Overlapping area B with the respective pressure compensating device, which in this embodiment comprises a salient portion, Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the detail B

a second preferred embodiment,

Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view of the detail B

a third preferred embodiment,

Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the detail B

a third preferred embodiment,

FIG. 14 to

FIG. 21 shows different cross-sectional shapes of the protruding section.

Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments

In the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, like reference numerals designate like functional elements and are the same

Representations are not always drawn to scale for the sake of clarity.

First, with reference to Figure 3, a bushing without

Pressure compensation device will be described in order to better understand the effects and advantages of the invention below with reference to this description.

Reference numeral 1 designates in FIG. 3 a total of the bushing 1 to be described, against which the pressures to be controlled by the bushing 1 are applied from the pressure-facing, in particular outside-pressure-facing side 2 of the base body 3.

Passage openings 4 and 5 extend through the base body 3, in each of which the functional elements 6 and 7 are arranged and, as will be described in more detail below, are held by a pressure indentation.

Although further functional elements 8, 9 and 10 can be seen in plan view, due to the position of the cutting plane, the respectively associated passage openings are not visible. Because of the present functional equality, the following statements regarding the functional elements 6 and 7 also apply analogously to the functional elements 8, 9 and 10. By means of the insulating material 11 and 12, which respectively surrounds the functional element 6 and 7 at least in regions, in each case a fluid-tight connection between the functional element 6 and 7 and the main body 3 is produced.

If the insulating material comprises glass or glass-ceramic material, this fluid-tight connection can also be designed as Druckeinglasung of the functional element 6 and 7 in the base body 3. As fluid-tight bushings in the context of this disclosure, for example, be considered if they have a leakage rate of less than 1 x 10 ³ mbar * l / sec at He and 1 bar pressure difference in the entire operating pressure range.

Previously, bushings were usually designed so that the insulating material, which holds the functional element with which, for example, an electrical connection is made, slightly behind the surface of the base body protrudes in the through hole.

It has been found that in this area urgent fluid under high pressure the

Through opening "aufbiegen" can, whereby the insulation material are pushed out of the body and the implementation fail in a row, this means their

Can leak fluid tightness or hermeticity. This effect is quite capable of determining the maximum pressure load limit of the bushing.

As the maximum pressure load limit, the term of this disclosure also uses the term compressive strength, which indicates the highest pressure to which the respective

Execution still withstood.

In such an implementation, a failure was recorded at about 2700 bar, sometimes even at 2000 bar with a glass other than that indicated, this means that at 2700 bar no hermetic or fluid-tight connection was given, as the pressurized fluid between the main body 3 and the insulating material 12 therethrough could press, but the connection of the functional element 6, 7 with the

Insulation material 11, 12 was not substantially damaged.

The main body 3 of this implementation 1 consisted of Inconel 625 and that for the

Drucklasslasung used glass was borosilicate glass G018-385, which has a

Softening or glass transition point Tg of 992 ° C. The illustrated with a double arrow 13 in Figure 3 thickness of the base body 3 was 3 cm. The diameter of the

Through opening 4, 5 and thus also the outer diameter of the glass used as insulating material 11, 12 was 4.5 mm.

Was now removed from this body 3 material in a suitable manner and as described in more detail below, so that the compressive strength of this implementation could be significantly increased. Reference is made below to FIG. 1 and by way of example only with reference to FIG

Through holes 4, 5 of the base body 3 and each held therein

Insulation material 11, 12 and the respective functional element 6, 7 explains an essential aspect of the present invention, which, however, could be realized in a similar manner in the other preferred and subsequently described in more detail embodiments.

This represented in Figure 1 first preferred embodiment of the implementation 1 corresponded to the below-described pressure compensation completely the implementation described with reference to Figure 2 1. Thus, the double arrow 13 in the other embodiments, the thickness D of the base body 3 in the axial direction at one Place at which in the axial direction no shares of the pressure compensation device, thus no annular groove, no blind hole-like opening and no hervororkragender section are, as this example also the double arrows 13 of Figures 1 and 9 can be seen. Structurally, this thickness D, 13 of the base body 3 is chosen so that a

Reduction in the region of the annular grooves 16, 17 or the blind hole-like openings 23 to 29 at the depth T does not lead to a reduction in the compressive strength of the bushing 1. The same applies to the respective region of the basic body 3 lying below and next to the protruding sections 30 to 34.

The longitudinal direction of the passage opening 4, 5, which is also referred to as axis or center line in the context of this disclosure, is shown in FIG. 1 with dash-dotted lines 14, 15 and corresponds in the case of a passage opening with a circular cross-section, thus a cylindrical passage opening, its line of symmetry , which also as their

Cylinder axis is called. It should, if in the context of this disclosure on the

Longitudinal reference, this will be the direction of the lines 14, 15. However, if reference is made to the longitudinal axis, this should also include the actual local position of the dot-dash lines 14, 15, thus the actual local position of the axis of symmetry, in particular the cylinder axis and thus also a reference to this spatial position, in particular also for dimensioning information , enable. As a pressure compensation device annular grooves 16, 17, for example by means of spark erosion, introduced into the base body 3, which in each case symmetrical to

Through hole 4, 5 were arranged on the pressure, in particular the external pressure side 2 facing the base body 3 in particular so that their respective

Cylinder axes were superimposed.

There were in the annular grooves 16, 17 caused by the external pressure pressure components perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 15 of the through hole 5, thus in the radial or radial to the longitudinal axis extending direction to edge regions of the at least one

Passage opening surrounding material of the base body 3 passed. The example resulting in the groove 17 pressure acts initially to all sides and thus in particular in the direction of arrows 18 and 19, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 15 of

Passage opening 5 extend. However, these force components counteract the aufbiegenden forces of the prevailing pressure pressure compensating and are in the other

Embodiments are shown in a similar manner to illustrate the pressure-compensating effect also in these. Preferably, a metal is used for the material of the base body 3, which in particular steel, stainless steel, FeCo alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, aluminum and

Aluminum alloys, Kovar or Inconel, for example Inconel 690 and / or Inconel 625 and / or Inconel 740 and / or Inconel 740X and / or Inconel 750 and / or Inconel 750X comprises or consists thereof and preferably thus provides a defined elasticity.

In this case, these edge regions on which the force components of the pressure act in a pressure-compensating manner preferably extend obliquely or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the at least one passage opening, such as, for example, the inner wall 20 of the annular groove 17.

Reference will now first be made to FIG. 7b, which shows a plan view of a functional element 7 of the bushings of the respective preferred embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 to 6 in the direction of arrow X of FIG. 1, in which also the functional element surrounding annular groove 17 with the inner wall 20 can be seen.

The insulation material 12 extends in all embodiments of the bushing 1 within the passage opening 4, 5 each radially to the edge, which is shown by the arrow 21, which represents this radial extent Ri starting from the longitudinal axis 15.

For the diameter of this edge of the through hole 4, 5 and thus for the

Diameter Di of a hervororkragenden section 30 to 34 or for the

Inner diameter of the radially inwardly behind the groove 16, 17 lying material (thus the Randwalls 36) of the base body 3 is given here the value Di = 2 * Ri. In the preferred embodiments of the implementation 1 corresponds to this diameter Di and the outer diameter of the insulating material eleventh 12 within the passage opening 4, 5.

In FIGS. 7b and 7c, the diameter Di is in each case provided with the reference numeral 38, wherein FIG. 7c shows a plan view of a functional element of the bushings of the respective preferred embodiments shown in FIGS. 9 to 13 in the direction of the arrow X of FIG which also the surrounding the insulating material 12 hervororkragende portion 34 and an edge wall formed by this 36 can be seen. The arrow 22 in each case forms the radial extent R2 starting from the longitudinal axis 15 as far as the inner wall 20 of the annular groove 17 or starting from the longitudinal axis 15 up to the inner wall 20

Outer wall 20 ^'of the hervorkragenden portion 30 to 34. For the diameter or outside diameter DA of the inner wall 20 of the annular groove 17 or the outer wall ^20' of the hervorkragenden portion 30 to 34, the value DA = 2 * R2 results.

In FIGS. 7b and 7c, the diameter DA is in each case designated by the reference numeral 37. Advantageously, a glass and / or a glass-ceramic material and / or a ceramic material is used for the insulating material 12, in particular also in the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 7b and 7c used.

Preferably, with the insulating material 12, a Druckeinglasung is prepared in which the glass or the glass-ceramic material is heated so far beyond its softening or glass transition point Tg, that this within the

Passage opening 5 can melt on both the base body 3 and the respective functional element 6 to 10. During the subsequent cooling, the glass or glass-ceramic material solidifies and arises due to various thermal

Expansion coefficients of the material of the Grundköpers 3 and the glass or

glass-ceramic material from the base body 3 outgoing acting on the glass or glass-ceramic material compressive stresses. It is necessary that these compressive stresses generating forces, especially for flameproof holding the glass or

glass ceramic material can also be applied by the respective base body 3 and this must have a certain thickness DG in the area around the glass or glass-ceramic material.

However, as can be seen from FIG. 7b, this thickness corresponds to the difference between the radii R1 and R1

R2

D _G = R2 - Ri, wherein the thickness of this forming material of the base body 3 as already mentioned above is also referred to as edge wall and is provided with the reference numeral 36. This is the material of the protruding portion 30 to 34 or the radially inwardly behind the groove 20 lying material of the base body. 3

In order to be able to apply these forces to a base body 3 made of steel, the inventors have observed that this thickness DG should not fall below the value of 1.15 * Ri, preferably of 1.3 * Ri, and around these forces in a base body 3 made of stainless steel to be able to apply, this thickness DG should not fall below the value of 1, 25 * Ri, Favor of 1, 6 * Ri.

Here, it is assumed that the extension of the insulating material 12 in its longitudinal direction was about 5 * Ri.

Also in all other described embodiments, both those with and those without pressure compensation device, this value was, unless otherwise stated, approximately in this range of 5 * Ri. However, values for the extent of the insulation material 12 in the longitudinal direction 14, 15 of the respective ones are also advantageous

Through hole 4, 5 of 1 * Ri to 10 * Ri possible. For preferred embodiments, the volume of the material between the groove 16, 17 and the insulating material 12 is much smaller than the volume of the material of the body 3 between the groove and the outer edge 40 of the bushing 1. For this comparison of the respective volumes is referred to as "the Volume of the material between the groove 16, 17 and the insulating material 12 "considered the volume of the Randwalls 36 to the depth T. As" the volume of the material of the body 3 between the groove 16, 17 and the outer edge 40 of the bushing 1 "is the Volume of that material is used, which extends in the main body 3 between the groove 16, 17 with the width Di radially outward to the outer edge 40, see for example Figure 1, and with a depth of T also.

Such embodiments are particularly advantageous if the bushing is to be welded into further assemblies for later assembly, since in this case during the

Welding process only a reduced heating of the insulating material 12 occurs. For further preferred embodiments, the volume of the material of the protruding portion 30 to 34 is much smaller than the volume of the material of the body 3 between the protruding portion 30 to 34 and the outer edge 40 of the base body 3 of the implementation 1. For this comparison of the respective volumes In the case of these embodiments, the volume of the peripheral wall 36 up to the depth T is also taken into account as "the volume of the protruding section 30 to 34. As" the volume of the material of the main body 3 between the protruding section 30 to 34 and the outer edge 40 of the bushing 1 "The volume is based on that material which extends in the main body 3 from the outer wall 20 ^'of the hervororkragenden section 30 to 34 with the width Di radially outward to the outer edge 40, see for example Figure 9, and with a depth of T also.

These embodiments are also particularly advantageous if the bushing is to be welded into further assemblies for later assembly, since in this case during the

Welding process only a reduced heating of the insulating material 12 occurs

If the thermal expansion coefficients of the material of the base body 3 and of the glass or glass ceramic material are adapted to one another, as for example when using Kovar, preferably with alloy contents of Fe: 54%, Ni: 28%, Co: 18%, for the material of the main body and a borosilicate glass for the insulating material 12, this thickness DG then should not fall below the value of 1, 1 * Ri.

This means that the radius of the inner wall 20 of the annular groove 17 at a

Druckeinzung can not be made arbitrarily small, although this for the best possible pressure-compensating effect could initially appear as the most obvious.

Surprisingly, the inventors have found that in stainless steel, a radius R2 of the inner wall 20 of 1.7 * Ri resulted in a very strong increase in compressive strength, which in the case of bushing 1 burst at 2700 bar still withstood pressures of 4000 bar, after otherwise performing the same

Pressure compensation device in the form of the annular groove 17 was added. The inventors have also found that the ratio of DA / Di and thus the ratio of the radii R2 / R1 can advantageously be in the range of 1.05 to 2. *** " A particularly preferred value for the ratio DA / Di is in the range less than or equal to 1.6 to greater than or equal to 1.10, and the most preferred value of the ratio DA / Di is in the range less than or equal to 1.35 to greater than or equal to 1, 15. The same applies to the ratio of the radii R2 / R1. When using the values given above for the ratio R2 / R1 and the

Ratio DA / DI was in the region of the inner wall of the annular groove 20 and in the other embodiments in the region of the outer wall 20 ^'of the protruding portion, that in particular in the high pressure region, thus in a pressure range of more than 1000 bar, a compression on the functional element was exercised, which increased the pressure resistance of the implementation 1.

In addition or as an alternative to determining the leak rate, in particular the helium leak rate, a hydrostatic test can be carried out, for example with water which is mixed with a luminescent substance, by acting with this water on the feedthrough 1

External pressure is generated. As soon as, with increasing increase of the external pressure generated by the water on the side facing away from the outside of the bushing 1 and in particular behind the insulating material 11, 12, with UV light can recognize the phosphor passed through, this is a measure of a no longer sufficient compressive strength of the bushing 1 the then prevailing external pressure.

With the outside is meant in the context of this disclosure, that side of the bushing 1, which faces the respective pressure compensation device, thus the side to which the annular grooves 16, 17 or the blind hole-like openings 23 to 29 open or a hervorkragender section 30th extends to 34. As an external pressure, therefore, a pressure acting on this side of the bushing 1 in the operating state is understood, thus an externally acting pressure. This hydrostatic test carried out until failure 1 has the advantage that it is possible to see how far from the required specification with one

Safety distance is removed with respect to the compressive strength and also allows to determine the distribution of compressive strength safely to reliably meet this predetermined distance in the production can.

Insofar as reference has been made above to an inner wall of an annular groove, this applies equally to embodiments in which no annular groove is present, then the statements made do not apply to the outer diameter DA of the inner wall 20, but for the outer diameter DA of the outer wall 20 ^'of the protruding section 30 to 34.

The above statements apply to all disclosed embodiments in which the inner wall 20 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape and in the same way for embodiments in which instead of a cylindrical is a frusto-conical shape. As far as the inner wall 20 is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis 15 in further embodiments, then all occurring radii should at least in the above

specified preferred range. In general, R2 should not exceed ten times the value of R1, since the pressure-compensating effect appears to be low above these values. Preferably, R2 is less than or equal to three times the value of R1 and most preferably R2 is less than or equal to twice the value of Ri. By stepwise reduction, preferably material-removing reduction of the radius R2 of the inner wall 20, the best possible pressure-compensating effect could be achieved, which already starts a depth of the groove of 1/10 mm was detectable, being understood as the depth of a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction 15 of the through hole 5 in the material of the base body 3 in running.

This could also ensure that the pressurization of the material of the base body 3 within the operating pressure range of the implementation 1, the elastic Deformation limit within the material of the body 3 does not exceed. In this case, the operating pressure range is understood to be a pressure range which reliably remains below the maximum possible pressure, which describes the compressive strength, and thus also takes into account real manufacturing tolerances.

Within the limits mentioned above, no irreversible, in particular non-elastic deformations could be found.

Depending on the configuration of the pressure compensation device, in particular the radius F ^ of the inner wall 20, the connection between the base body 3 and the functional element 6 to 10, in particular the connection of the insulating material 12 to the base body 3, in relation to a passage without pressure compensation device, in particular

External pressure compensation device, 20%, more preferably by 50% and most preferably by 100% increased operating pressures fluid-tight and regularly also permanently operationally stable.

In summary, it has surprisingly been found that weakening or reducing the thickness of the material of the main body 3, which surrounds the insulating material 12 producing the hermetically sealing connection to the functional element, can lead to an increase in the compressive strength of the bushing 1.

Surprisingly, it has also been found that this increase in the

Compressive strength can reach to doubling or even go beyond.

In this case, however, an irreversible deformation as proposed in the prior art does not have to occur, in particular if materials which have an elasticity, such as, for example, the metals already mentioned above, for example steel, stainless steel, FeCo alloys, titanium, are used , Titanium alloys, aluminum as well

Aluminum alloys, Kovar or Inconel, for example, Inconel 690 and / or Inconel 625 have.

As a material for the functional element, which is referred to as mentioned above in the context of this disclosure as a functional element, are generally suitable in addition to steel and / or stainless steel also titanium and / or titanium alloys, NiFe alloys, preferably CF25, FeCo alloys, especially beryllium-copper alloys, Kovar, CF25, tungsten or Inconel, such as Inconel 690, Inconel 625, Inconel 740, Inconel 740X, Inconel 750, Inconel 750X and more.

When the ratio DA / Di is closer to the above preferred, particularly preferred, or most preferred higher values, the functional element has 6 to 10 low elongation alloys including, for example, NiFe alloys, Kovar, CF25, and tungsten , proved beneficial.

If the ratio DA / Di is closer to the lower values mentioned above as being preferred, particularly preferred or most preferred, the functional element will have from 6 to 10 high elongation alloys, such as Inconel 740, Inconel 740X Inconel 750 and / or Inconel 750X include, as proved advantageous, because then creates a lower pressure on the functional element 6 to 10, in particular in the outside of the implementation of the 1 facing area.

As the material for the insulating material 12 is as mentioned above generally glass, glass ceramic material and / or ceramic material. Particularly advantageous as a glass is an amorphous material, in particular a multi-component glass. However, equally possible and encompassed by the invention are also quartz materials, e.g. so-called quartz glasses.

Preferred glasses include hard glasses and consequently borosilicate glasses, also referred to as hard glasses. A preferred glass is, for example, the glass G018-385 Schott AG with Tg at 992 ° C.

Other preferred materials include glasses which are partially or fully crystallizable, such as the at least partially crystallized or crystallizable glass with the following oxides in wt .-%:

Si0 ₂ : 20 to 60, preferably 25 to 50

Al ₂ O ₃ : 0.5 to 20, preferably 0.5 to 10 CaO: 10 to 50

MgO: 0.5 to 50, preferably 0.5 to 10

Y 2 O 3: 0.1 to 20, preferably 3 to 20

Zr0 ₂ : 0.1 to 25, preferably 3 to 20

B2O3: 1 to 15, preferably 3 to 12, wherein further ΗΙΌ2 may optionally be contained up to 0.25 wt .-%.

According to another embodiment, this at least partially crystallized glass described above is formed such that the at least one crystal phase comprises a metal oxide with a medium cation and / or advantageously a chain silicate. For the purposes of the present invention, a cation of medium size is understood as meaning a cation which, in sixfold, for example octahedral, coordination by oxygen, has an ionic radius of between 0.5 Å and 0.9 Å. For the purposes of the present disclosure, a metal oxide with a medium-sized cation is preferably understood as meaning a metal oxide with a medium-sized cation in the sense of the mineral classification according to Strunz, 9th edition. In particular, the term medium-sized cation includes the tetravalent zirconium ion Zr ⁴⁺ .

A chain silicate is understood as meaning those silicates in which the Si0 ₄ ⁴ tetrahedra are corner-linked in the form of endless ribbons or chains. Examples of such

Chain silicates include, for example, the minerals of pyroxenes. Another example of a chain silicate is wollastonite.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the metal oxide comprises ZrÜ2 and preferably additionally yttrium. Most preferably, the metal oxide comprises yttrium-stabilized ZrO 2, which is most preferably in tetragonal modification.

According to yet another embodiment, the chain silicate comprises as siliceous structural unit S1O3 ^{2 "} and is preferably formed as an alkaline earth metal oxide-comprising chain silicate. In this case, according to a further preferred embodiment, the alkaline earth metal oxide CaO and the chain silicate and preferably further comprises yttrium. For example, the chain silicate may be formed as wollastonite, preferably as yttrium-comprising wollastonite. According to yet another embodiment, the chain silicate is formed as a chain silicate comprising pyroxene structure comprising alkaline earth oxide, wherein the alkaline earth oxide preferably comprises CaO and MgO. For example, the chain silicate may be formed as a diopside.

Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the invention, it is possible for two different chain silicates to be included in the at least partially crystallized glass. By way of example, the at least partially crystallized glass may comprise wollastonite or Y-containing wollastonite, as well as diopside. It is likewise possible for one or two chain silicates to be present together with a metal oxide having a medium cation, for example ZrO 2, preferably Y doped ZrO 2.

In particular, the glass-ceramic material comprises a glass which is also at least partially crystallized, a glass or a glass ceramic or a crystallized material

Glass base, preferably with a volume resistivity of more than 1, 0 x 10 ¹⁰ Ω cm at a temperature of 350 ° C.

Hereinafter, further preferred embodiments will be described and reference is first made to FIGS. 8a and 8b.

8a shows a plan view of a passage of a further preferred embodiment in a direction which corresponds to the direction of the arrow X of FIG. 1, in which the pressure compensation device comprises blind hole-like openings in the material of the base body 3, which in this figure initially only as black dots 8 and are therefore shown enlarged again in the detail view of FIG. 8b.

These blind hole-like openings 23 to 24 are preferably symmetrical to the respective at least one passage opening 5, 6 in particular with its longitudinal axis on a Through hole surrounding the full circle, on the pressure, in particular the external pressure, facing side 2 of the base body 3 is arranged.

FIG. 8b shows a plan view of the functional element 7 of the bushing 1 shown in FIG. 8a also in the direction corresponding to the direction of the arrow X of FIG. 1, in which the blind hole-like openings 23 to 29 surrounding the functional element are also in the material of the base body 3 are recognizable. These blind hole-like openings 23 to 29 in the material of the base body 3 may be arranged as pressure compensation device alternatively or in addition to the above-described annular grooves 16, 17 in the base body and allow a laterally denser arrangement of the respective functional elements to each other, in particular because these production technology be easier to manufacture can be considered as intersecting annular grooves.

Furthermore, these annular grooves should not cut or overlap so much that thereby a desired Dg, thus a desired radial extent of the respective material of the body within the annular groove of a through hole is undershot or even reduced, as in passing rings, since then the Compressive strength of Druckseinlasung can be damaged in an undesirable manner. However, this can be avoided by using the blind hole-like openings instead of annular grooves, alternately or in a targeted mixture together with annular grooves.

The blind-hole-like openings in the material of the base body can also locally, preferably distributed, initiate lateral, for example in the plane of the arrows 18, 19 force components generated by the pressure, in particular the external pressure, which counteract a pressure-induced bending of the main body 3 of the bushing 1 can. Such blind hole-shaped openings do not have to be near

Through holes can be arranged, but can stand alone

Design requirements can be optimally used. Accordingly, the structural design of an embodiment not shown in the figures also includes an embodiment with at least one blind hole-like opening within a functional element, preferably axially symmetrical to the functional Aligned element that can provide pressure-compensating effects in the radially outward direction of the functional element.

This blind hole-like opening may also extend to the depth at which the surrounding the functional element and the fluid-tight connection producing

Insulation material begins to abut or extend to the depth of the functional element approximately to the depth of the insulating material surrounding the functional element and establishing the fluid-tight connection

or extend to that depth at which the insulating material surrounding the functional element and establishing the fluid-tight connection ceases to abut or extend beyond the depth at which the functional element surrounding and establishing the fluid-tight connection terminates

Insulating material ceases to abut the functional element. In the following, reference is made to FIGS. 2a and 10a. It can be seen in each case that the insulation material 12 over a length L, which is also referred to as Einglasungslänge, both the functional element 7 and the base body 3 is applied.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2a, the inner wall 20 of the introduced into the base 3 groove 17 extends to a depth T.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 10a, the outer wall 20 ^'of the protruding portion 32 also extends by a length T in the axial direction in front of the pressure, in particular the outer pressure facing side 2 of the base body 3 in the longitudinal direction of the through hole 5.

Since the insulating material 12 in each case by an offset V relative to the pressure, in particular the outer pressure-facing side 2 of the base body 3 in the longitudinal direction of

Passage opening 5 is set back, this results in the following equation as long as the overlap region B of the Einglasungslänge L with the pressure compensation device B as long as B is less than or equal to L:

B = T-V The value of B for the embodiments described above is 0%, 50% and 100% of the glaze length L. Further preferred amounts of this overlap region B are 10%, 15%, 20% and most preferably also 30% of the glaze length L.

In certain embodiments, the depth of the groove 17 may be greater than that

Glazing length L. As a result, there is only a thin wall between the groove and the hole. In principle, an undesired leak can occur if this wall fails.

On the other hand, the wall is not protected by the insulating material, e.g. the glass supported. When pressurizing side of the groove 17 or the projection, it may come with a suitable choice of the material for the body to a constriction of the wall. This deformation behind the insulating material, this advantageous mechanical

Get support. In particular, for the utilization of this effect, materials for the base body are selectable, which are viscous deformable and / or have a good tensile strength.

In a preferred embodiment, stainless steel was used for the base body 1 and the depth T of the annular groove 16, 17 at a glaze length L of 30 mm had a value of 5 mm. The groove width BN to be recognized, for example, from FIG. 2a on a double arrow and provided with the reference numeral 39 was 1 mm and was introduced into the basic body 1 by spark erosion.

Reference is now made to Figure 4, which shows a cross-sectional view of the detail A of Figure 1 in a second preferred embodiment in which the

Pressure compensation device also each includes an annular groove 16, 17 or in another, not shown in Figure 4 manner blind hole-like openings 23 to 29 in the material of the base body 3 contains.

In contrast to the first preferred embodiment described above, in which the depth of the annular groove 16, 17 or the blind hole-like opening 23 to 29 extends to that depth which is approximately in the center of the depth of the functional element 6, 7 surrounding and fluid-tight connection producing insulating material 12, the annular grooves 16, 17 are formed less deep. In this second preferred embodiment, the depth of the annular groove 16, 17 or the blind hole-like opening 23 to 29 extends only to that depth at which the surrounding the functional element 6, 7 and the fluid-tight connection producing

Insulation material 12 begins to abut the base body 3.

In the third preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the depth of the annular groove 16, 17 or the blind hole-like opening 23 to 29 extends to the depth at which the insulating material 12 surrounding the functional element and terminating the fluid-tight connection stops at the base body 3 to rest.

In the fourth preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the depth of the annular groove 16, 17 or the blind hole-like opening 23 to 29 extends beyond the depth at which the insulating material 12 surrounding the functional element 6, 7 and establishing the fluid-tight connection terminates. to rest on the base body 3.

FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional illustration of a first preferred embodiment of a bushing 1, in which the sectional plane extends approximately perpendicularly through the center of the bushing 1 and the pressure compensation device respectively comprises a protruding section 30 to 34 of the base body 3, each of which is annular Survey is formed.

The annular elevations are each formed symmetrically to the passage opening 4, 5 on the pressure, in particular the external pressure facing side 2 of the base body 3. In functionally the same way as in the embodiments described above are formed by pressure, in particular by the external pressure resulting pressure components perpendicular to the longitudinal direction 15 of the through hole 5 to edge regions, in this case the outer wall 20 ^'of the annular elevation of the protruding portion 32 of the at least one through hole. 5 passed surrounding material of the base body 3. The direction of the pressure acting in this case is also shown by the arrows 18 and 19. These edge regions, thus the outer wall 20 ^'of the annular elevation of the protruding portion 32 extends parallel to the longitudinal axis 15 of the at least one

Through hole 5. The force components of the pressure indicated by the arrows 18, 19 also act on the

bending forces of the prevailing pressure as above, also with reference to the inner wall 20 of the annular groove 17 described pressure compensating counter.

Consequently, the dimensioning rules described above with reference to the inner wall 20 of the annular groove 17 also apply in the same way to the diameter of the outer wall 20 ^'of the respective protruding section 30 to 34.

In the following, in addition to FIG. 10, reference is also made to FIGS. 11, 12 and 13, which each show a cross-sectional illustration of the detail B of FIG. 9 for respective preferred embodiments of a bushing 1.

FIG. 10 shows the first preferred embodiment in which the end near the base 35 of the protruding portion 32 ends approximately at half the height of the insulating material 12, which preferably produces the fluid-tight connection, on the base body 3. Figure 11 shows a cross-sectional view of the detail B of a second preferred embodiment in which the base body near end 35 of the protruding portion 32 ends at the level at the base body 3, where the insulating material 12 surrounding the functional element 7 and establishing fluid-tight connection begins, at the base body 3 to arrive. FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of detail B of a third preferred embodiment in which the base body 3 near end 35 of the protruding portion 32 ends at the level at the base body 3 where the insulating material 12 surrounding the functional element 7 and establishing the fluid-tight connection terminates, Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of detail B of a third preferred embodiment terminating lower than the end of the protruding portion of the body nearer the body than where the insulating material surrounding the functional element and sealing the fluid-tight connection ceases to abut on the body. FIGS. 14 to 21 each show different cross-sectional shapes of the protruding portion 32.

According to FIG. 14, the base body 3 near the end of the protruding portion 32 is rounded.

According to FIG. 15, the base body 3 near the end of the protruding portion 32 is truncated cone-shaped.

According to FIG. 16, the outer wall 20 ^'is truncated cone-shaped.

According to FIG 17, the outer wall ^is' is formed to taper in a funnel shape 20 on the base body.

According to FIG. 18, the outer wall 20 ^'is frustoconical and the rounded shape of the base body 3 near the end of the protruding section 32 is formed.

According to FIG. 19, the outer wall 20 ^'is truncated cone-shaped and the base body 3 near the end of the protruding portion 32 is also frusto-conical, but has a different inclination than the outer wall 20 ^' .

According to Figure 20, the outer wall 20 ^' is funnel-shaped to the base body to taper and formed the base body 3 near the end of the protruding portion 32 rounded.

According to FIG. 21, the outer wall 20 ^'tapers in a funnel shape onto the base body and is the end of the protruding section 32 near the base body 3

truncated cone shaped.

In the same way as described above and functionally equivalent effect, the inner wall 20 of the annular groove 17 may be formed. Due to the depth varying with the depth Dg, different pressure-compensating effects can also be generated at different depths and adapted to the respective application. In a preferred form, the above functional element 6, 7 may comprise an electrical conductor.

The above-described annular grooves and / or the blind-hole-like openings may also be filled with a sealing compound, preferably an elastic sealing compound, comprising an elastic material, in particular a polymer, a silicone compound and / or a rubber, in order to prevent them from being soiled or attacked by chemicals to reduce occurring environmental influences.

The implementation of the invention has the advantage that due to its functional principle by the pressure compensation device when applying an external pressure generated by the applied pressure clamping force on the insulating element and / or

Exercised functional element and thus significantly improves the pressure stability of the implementation.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

I implementation

2 pressure, especially the outside pressure facing side

3 basic body

4 passage opening

5 passage opening

6 functional element

7 functional element

8 functional element

9 functional element

10 functional element

I I insulation material

12 insulation material

13 Thickness of the main body performing double arrow

14 longitudinal or longitudinal axis of the passage opening

15 longitudinal or longitudinal axis of the passage opening

16 annular groove

17 annular groove

18 arrow of the printing direction

19 arrow of the printing direction

20 inner wall of the annular groove 17th

20 ^' outer wall of the protruding section

21 arrow, which is the radial extent of

Insulating material 11, 12 represents

22 arrow, which the radial extent to the

Inner wall 20 of the groove 17 represents

23 blind hole-like opening

24 blind hole-like opening

25 blind hole-like opening

26 blind hole-like opening 27 blind hole-like opening

28 blind hole-like opening

29 blind hole-like opening

30 protruding section

31 protruding section

32 protruding section

33 protruding section

34 protruding section

35 the base body near end of the protruding

Section 32

36 Randwall

37 DA outer diameter of the inner wall 20 of the annular groove 16, 17 or

Outer diameter of the outer wall 20 ^'of the protruding portion 30 to 34th

38 Di inner diameter of the passage opening 4, 5 of the base body 3, which surrounds the insulating material 11, 12

39 Slot width B _N

40 outer edge of the body 1

T is the depth of the annular groove 16, 17, the blind hole-like opening 23 to 29 and height of the protruding portion 30 to 34th

L glaze length

B Overlap area of the pressure compensation device with the glaze length L

V offset of the insulating material 12 in the longitudinal direction of the passage opening 4, 5 relatively pressure, in particular the outer side 2 facing the main body. 3

Claims

claims

1. implementation, especially for applications at high external pressure, with

a basic body as well

at least one extending through the base body

Through opening

and at least one functional element,

wherein the at least one functional element within the at least one

Through opening is arranged

wherein the at least one functional element is fluid-tightly connected to the base body,

preferably with a functional element at least partially

surrounding and preferably the fluid-tight connection producing

Insulation material and with

External pressure compensation device, by means of which preferably the

Compressive strength of the fluid-tight connection of the at least one functional element with the base body to pressure, in particular external pressure is increased.

2. implementation, in particular for applications at high external pressure, in particular according to claim 1, with a base body and

at least one extending through the base body

Through opening

and at least one functional element,

wherein the at least one functional element within the at least one

Through opening is arranged

preferably with a the functional element at least partially surrounding and preferably the fluid-tight connection producing insulating material, and with an annular groove in the material of the body, which preferably is arranged symmetrically to the passage opening and / or with openings, preferably blind hole-like openings in the material of the base body, which preferably symmetrical to the passage opening, in particular with their

Longitudinal axis on a through hole surrounding the full circle, are arranged and / or with a hervororkragenden portion of the body, which is preferably arranged symmetrically to the passage opening.

The passage of claim 1 or 2, wherein by a pressure applied in the operating condition, in particular the external pressure resulting pressure components perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the passage opening to edge regions of the at least one passage opening surrounding material of the body are passed and these edge regions preferably obliquely or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the extend at least one passage opening.

Carrying out according to claim 3, wherein the pressure compensation device is formed as abutting the insulating material Randwall and pressed by operating pressure applied at least portions of the Randwalls perpendicular to the direction of the axis of the through hole, wherein one of

Operating condition, in particular from the external pressure, dependent clamping force on the insulating material is formed.

Bushing according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the

Pressure compensation device comprises an annular groove in the material of the base body, which preferably symmetrically to at least one through hole on the side facing the pressure, in particular the external pressure

Basic body is arranged.

Bushing according to one of the preceding claims, in which the

Pressure compensation device openings, preferably blind hole-like openings in the material of the body comprises, which preferably symmetrically to at least one through hole, in particular with its longitudinal axis on a the Through hole surrounding the full circle on which the pressure, in particular the external pressure, facing side of the body are arranged.

Bushing according to one of the preceding claims, in which the

Pressure compensation device comprises a hervororkragenden portion of the body, which preferably as an annular elevation symmetrical to

Through opening on the pressure, in particular the external pressure facing side of the body is formed.

A feedthrough according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the depth of the annular groove or blind hole-like opening extends to the depth at which the insulating material surrounding the functional element and establishing the fluid-tight connection begins to abut the base body

or

that ends near the base body end of the protruding portion at the height at the base body where the insulation material surrounding the functional element and the fluid-tight connection begins to abut the base body.

A feedthrough according to any one of the preceding claims from 1 to 7, wherein the depth of the annular groove or blind hole-like opening extends to the depth at which the insulating material surrounding the functional element and providing the fluidtight connection stops abutting the body or

which ends near the base of the protruding portion at the level at the base body, where the insulating material surrounding the functional element and providing the fluid-tight connection stops abutting against the base body.

A feedthrough according to any one of the preceding claims from 1 to 7, wherein the depth of the annular groove or blind hole-like opening extends beyond the depth at which the insulating material surrounding the functional element and providing the fluidtight connection ceases to abut the body or

the base body near the end of the protruding portion deeper am

The base body ends up abutting against the base body at the location where the insulating material surrounding the functional element and producing the fluid-tight connection ceases to abut.

A feedthrough according to any one of the preceding claims from 1 to 7, wherein the depth of the annular groove or blind hole-like opening extends to that depth which is approximately at the center of the depth of the insulating material surrounding the functional element and establishing the fluid-tight connection

or

the end near the base of the protruding portion approximately at half the height of preferably the fluid-tight connection producing

Insulation material on the base body ends,

A feedthrough according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the functional element comprises an electrical conductor.

Bushing according to one of the preceding claims, in which the

Pressure compensation device comprises a circular annular groove and / or openings, preferably blind hole-like openings in the material of the base body, which are preferably arranged symmetrically to the passage opening and comprises a hervororkragenden portion of the body, which is preferably arranged symmetrically to the passage opening.

Feedthrough according to one of the preceding claims, in which the insulating material which preferably produces the fluid-tight connection comprises glass and / or glass

glass ceramic material and / or ceramic material, and the

Implementation preferably comprises a Druckeinglasung, wherein the glass and / or the glass-ceramic material and / or the ceramic material with the main body and the functional element is at least partially connected fluid-tight. Feedthrough according to one of the preceding claims, in which the material of the base body is a metal, in particular steel, stainless steel, FeCo alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, Kovar or Inconel, for example Inconel 690 and / or Inconel 625 and / or Inconel 740 and / or Inconel 740X and / or Inconel 750 and / or Inconel 750X.

Feedthrough according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the material of the functional element is a metal, in particular especially steel, stainless steel, FeCo alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, a NiFe alloy, preferably CF25, an FeCo alloy, more preferably also a beryllium-copper alloy, Kovar, CF25, tungsten or Inconel, such as

For example, Inconel 690, Inconel 625, Inconel 740, Inconel 740X, Inconel 750, Inconel 750X.

Bushing according to claim 15, wherein the pressurization of the material of the body within the operating pressure range of the implementation does not exceed the elastic deformation limit within the material of the body.

Carrying out according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection between the base body and the functional element, in particular the connection of the insulating material with the base body, compared to a passage without pressure compensation device, in particular external pressure compensation device, by 10%, preferably 20%, more preferably by 50% and most preferably 100% increased operating pressures fluid-tight withstand.

Feedthrough according to one of the preceding claims from 5 to 18, wherein the annular groove and / or the protruding portion has a non-rectangular, in particular frusto-conical cross section and / or the blind hole-like openings are arranged obliquely.

A bushing, in particular for high external pressure applications, according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein DA, the outer diameter of the inner wall (20) of the annular groove (16, 17) or the outer diameter of the outer wall (20 ^' ) of the protruding portion (30 to 34) and Di the diameter of the insulating material (11, 12) and thus in particular the diameter of

Through opening (4, 5) indicates

and the ratio of DA / Di has a preferred value in a range of DA / Di less than or equal to 2 to greater than or equal to 1.05, a particularly preferred value for the ratio DA / Di of less than or equal to 1.6 to greater or is equal to 1.10 and the most preferred value of the ratio DA / Di is in a range of less than or equal to 1.35 to greater than or equal to 1.15.

21. Carrying out, in particular for applications at high external pressure, according to one of the preceding claims, in which an overlap region B of

Pressure compensation device with the glaze length L of the insulating material (12) in the longitudinal direction of the passage opening (4, 5) has a value of 0%, 50% or 100% of the glaze length L and further preferred amounts of this

Overlap area B 10%, 15%, 20% and particularly preferably 30% of the glaze length L amount.

22. A process for the production of a bushing, in particular for applications at high external pressure,

according to any one of the preceding claims from 1 to 18, in which on a

Basic body of the implementation of a pressure compensation device is formed, by means of which the compressive strength of the implementation is increased, wherein for the

Design of the pressure compensation device material of the body in the vicinity of the passage opening on the pressure-facing side of the body is reduced, in particular material removal is reduced. 23. A process for the production of a bushing, in particular for applications at high external pressure,

according to claim 22, wherein the material of the base body to form a Annular groove, a blind hole-like bore or reduced to form a hervororkragenden section, in particular material removal is reduced.

Use of a bushing according to any one of claims 1 to 21 for

Facilities in the deep sea and / or oil and / or natural gas production or

Exploration device, and / or

in chemically or radiation-contaminated environments, such as in the chemical industry or in energy plant and reactor technology, in particular in potentially explosive atmospheres,

in a power generation or energy storage device with a housing, or in an encapsulation of a power generating device or a

Energy storage device or a reactor or a storage device of toxic and / or harmful matter, in particular as a passage means within the containment of a reactor or passage through the containment of a reactor, in particular a chemical or nuclear reactor, or in a spacecraft or space exploration vehicle, or in manned and Unmanned watercraft, such as diving robots and submarines, especially for the connection of transmitting and / or receiving devices, and / or

in a housing of a sensor and / or actuator, or in gas tanks, in particular CÜ2 bearings or H2 tanks or LNG tanks, or preferably also for motor vehicles with fuel cells or high-pressure injection systems such as common rail,

or more preferably in machines such as presses or hydraulic equipment and / or devices.