EP3420199A1 - Turbine blade, associated device, turbomachine and use - Google Patents
Turbine blade, associated device, turbomachine and useInfo
- Publication number
- EP3420199A1 EP3420199A1 EP17714667.7A EP17714667A EP3420199A1 EP 3420199 A1 EP3420199 A1 EP 3420199A1 EP 17714667 A EP17714667 A EP 17714667A EP 3420199 A1 EP3420199 A1 EP 3420199A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blade
- turbine blade
- turbomachine
- turbine
- region
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/14—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
- F01D11/16—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing by self-adjusting means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/20—Rotors
- F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
- F05D2240/307—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the tip of a rotor blade
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
- F05D2300/501—Elasticity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a turbine blade, such as a gas or steam turbine blade or a turbine compressor blade. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a device and a turbomachine and the use of a
- auxetic material for the turbine blade is auxetic material for the turbine blade.
- Turbine blades are known, for example, from EP 0 991 866 B1.
- a gap between a turbine blade, in particular the blade tip, and a surrounding ring segment is kept as small as possible during operation.
- Large gaps have correspondingly a negative influence on the efficiency of the turbine, since a working fluid, which flows past the bucket in operation, can not do "work” and thus, for example, remains unused for power generation
- certain gap spacings due to the thermal expansion of the blades and of the housing or ring segment for example, in the transition from a rest state to an operating state of the turbine blade and / or the turbomachine inevitable.
- Turbine blades usually heat up much faster when starting a turbomachine than the housing.
- the blades also expand before the housing expands due to its heating.
- gaps in the starting phase of the turbomachine usually have the smallest dimensions.
- the housing heats up as a result, it also expands and the gap distances inevitably become larger again.
- the problem of large gaps between the blade tip and the ring segment has hitherto been encountered using abrasive materials, with a blade tip being able to grind into the ring segment during operation, for example.
- a shaft of the turbomachine together with blading can be displaced until the complete heating of all relevant components to the final operating temperature along an axis of rotation of the turbomachine (in gas turbines, for example, in the direction of the combustion chamber).
- One aspect of the present application relates to a turbine blade for a turbomachine, in particular a turbine, comprising an airfoil with a blade tip area and a sealing area.
- the sealing region is provided in particular for sealing a path of a working fluid for the turbomachine.
- Said path of the working fluid is expediently defined in an operating state of the turbomachine at least by the turbine blade and the housing or ring segment.
- the path is preferably a hot gas path, for example in the case of gas turbines as turbomachines.
- the sealing region is arranged and configured in such a way that the blade tip region changes from an idle state of the turbine blade into an operating state during the transition from an idle state of the turbine blade Turbine blade expands in a first direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the airfoil.
- the sealing region has an auxetic material.
- the above-mentioned extent can be achieved particularly expediently or even made possible in the first place.
- Said expansion is preferably a different extension from a normal thermal expansion along the first direction.
- the extent, which arises due to the auxetic behavior of the auxetic material or the sealing area in the transition to the operating state according to the invention advantageously exceeds a corresponding thermal expansion along the first direction.
- the turbine blade is preferably designed such that, in the operating state, a gap, which is preferably inherently located between the blade tip region and a stator, ring segment or housing of the turbine, is sealed as well as possible or optimally, so that advantageously approximately the entire flow of the working fluid is used - Fluids used in the operation of the turbine blade for power generation and the efficiency of the turbomachine can be improved.
- the "longitudinal axis" of the airfoil defines a direction or axis from a blade root to the blade tip region Describes preferably a state of the turbine blade and / or the turbomachine according to a normal operation, in which the turbine blade is preferably acted upon with a hot gas or steam as the working fluid.
- the "resting state” preferably describes a state of the turbine blade in which it is not in an operating state.
- the sealing region is arranged and configured in such a way that the blade tip region additionally extends in a second direction, that is to say along the longitudinal axis of the blade, from the transition from the rest state into the operating state.
- This expansion may refer to the ordinary, initially mentioned thermal expansion of the blade tip region or, preferably, of the entire blade.
- Axial expansion (along the second direction) of the airfoil and / or the turbine blade is preferably caused by centrifugal forces and / or thermal expansion during a start-up operation or during operation.
- the "first direction” may describe a direction along an axis of rotation of the turbomachine or a shaft thereof
- the first and second directions preferably respectively describe axes or dimensions along which the blade tip region correspondingly expands in opposite directions of expansion Direction, for example, two exactly opposite directions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the blade, preferably along the axis of rotation described.
- the sealing region comprises the blade tip region of the turbine blade.
- the expansion can be implemented particularly expediently as described above, since the sealing region, preferably containing the auxetic material, is arranged directly on the blade tip.
- the sealing area is separate from
- Blade tip but is preferably arranged next to it.
- the blade tip area can advantageously serve as a traction mass and, via the auxetic behavior of the sealing area and a force, which preferably acts in the operating state of the turbine blade along the longitudinal axis of the blade, for example a centrifugal force, particularly expediently an extension in the first direction, i. perpendicular to the longitudinal axis cause.
- the sealing area adjoins the blade tip area.
- the turbine blade is a blade for a gas or steam turbine or a blade for a turbine compressor unit.
- the turbine blade is a blade for a steam turbine.
- the sealing area and / or the auxetic material can be produced and / or produced by an additive manufacturing method.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to an apparatus comprising the turbine blade and a housing having projections.
- the protrusions define a recess arranged and configured to at least partially receive the blade tip region of the turbine blade in the operating condition.
- the blade tip region in the operating state, can be arranged at least partially in a region between the projections of the housing.
- the blade tip region can be viewed in one direction along the fluid path. tet - overlap at least partially with the projections, without, however, that touch the blade tip region and the projections.
- the said projections may form guide rings of the turbomachine and / or the housing thereof.
- Vane tip region such, in particular thermo-mechanically, tuned that a path of the working fluid is sealed in the operating state of the turbomachine with a large sealing effect.
- turbomachine comprising the apparatus wherein the turbomachine is a gas turbine or a steam turbine.
- a further aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an auxetic material for a turbine blade for sealing a gas or vapor path during operation of the turbomachine.
- Embodiments, features and / or advantages relating in the present case to the turbine blade, the device and / or the turbomachine may also relate to the use, or vice versa.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic sectional or side view of a device according to the invention in a resting state.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional or side view of the device according to the invention in an operating condition.
- Figure 3 illustrates in simplified terms the auxetic behavior of a material.
- FIG. 1 shows a device 100 for a turbomachine (not explicitly marked) in a rest state.
- the device 100 may be part of the turbomachine.
- the apparatus 100 includes a turbine blade 10.
- the turbine blade 10 is shown only partially; In particular, a blade root is not shown in the figures.
- the turbine blade 10 is preferably a blade of a gas or steam turbine.
- the dashed line B indicates the position of a rotation axis, preferably a shaft or for the turbomachine.
- the turbine blade 10 comprises an airfoil 1 with a longitudinal axis A.
- the airfoil 1 further comprises a sealing region 2.
- the sealing region 2 comprises an auxetic material for sealing a path of a working fluid during operation or in an operating state of the turbomachine.
- auxetic materials are characterized by a negative Poisson number or cross-contraction number (see FIG. 3). That is, auxetic materials expand, for example, when stretched in spatial directions that are transverse or perpendicular to the stretch direction.
- the direction of stretching corresponds, for example, to the longitudinal axis A (see below), so that the described expansion direction of the auxetic material (referred to as first direction, compare reference numeral 4) is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A and parallel to the axis B of rotation.
- the longitudinal axis A may define a second direction 5.
- the blade airfoil 1 further comprises a blade tip region 3.
- the blade tip region 3 is expediently arranged at an axially outer end of the blade airfoil 1.
- the blade tip region 3 includes a tip of the turbine blade 10.
- the sealing region 2 is arranged axially inside or below the blade tip region 3.
- the device 100 further comprises a housing 20.
- the housing is preferably a stator, stator or ring segment.
- the housing 20 also has projections 21, which are spaced apart along the first direction 4 and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A in such a way that the blade tip region 3 is at least partially received by a recess defined by the projections 21 (not further characterized) , or viewed along a flow direction of the working fluid, at least partially in this area, protrudes.
- the working fluid can flow along the first direction during operation of the turbomachine, that is, for example, from left to right along the axis of rotation B.
- a gap S is characterized, which allows a rotation of the turbine blade 10 relative to the housing 20.
- a seal of a gap between a blade tip (compare blade tip region 3) and a surrounding ring segment or housing 20 is particularly important.
- the sealing region 2 can be arranged in the blade tip region 3 or can be designated synonymously therewith.
- the blade tip region 3 has a distance from the projection 21 along the axis of rotation B at a distance of XI.
- the blade tip region 3 of the turbine blade 10 can preferably extend along the first direction 4 during the transition from the idle state to an operating state (cf. FIG. 2).
- the sealing region 2 is arranged and designed such that the blade tip region 3 expands during the transition from a rest state into an operating state of the turbine blade 10 and / or the turbomachine along the first direction 4, ie perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A of the blade 1. This is described in comparison and starting from Figure 1, in Figure 2 in more detail.
- FIG. 2 shows the device 100 in an operating state or in a transition from the idle state to the operating state.
- the turbine blade 10, in particular the blade 1 has expanded both in the axial direction (compare longitudinal axis A) and along the first direction 4, relative to the representation of FIG. 1, and thus the path of the working fluid or fluid
- the gap S is optimally sealed.
- FIG. 2 it can be seen in FIG. 2 relative to FIG. 1 that the distance between the
- Blade tip portion 3 of the projection 21 along the axis of rotation B has decreased from the distance XI to the distance X2 ( ⁇ X1).
- the extension of the blade tip region 3 in the axial direction, that is to say along the longitudinal axis A, is preferably a creep movement due to a thermal expansion
- the sealing preferably takes place in such a way that the working fluid almost completely reaches a pressure side of the turbine blade 10 and the turbomachine can use the fluid approximately completely, for example for energy conversion.
- the arrangement and configuration of the projections 21, but in particular the distances between the projections 21 relative to one another, are expediently adapted accordingly, for example with regard to the thermal expansion coefficient of the turbine blade 10 and the housing 20.
- the blade tip region 3 only has a minimally large gap S both above the same relative to the housing 20 and laterally to the projections 21, so that movement of the turbine blade 10 relative to the housing 20 is possible ,
- the blade tip region 3 has expanded at least along the first direction 4 due to the expansion of the sealing region 2 in this direction.
- the extent along said first direction is due to the auxetic behavior of the auxetic material in the sealing region 2 and in particular not to a possibly also present thermal formation of the sealing region 2 along the first direction 4 (see FIG. 3).
- the blade tip region 3 can expand together with it due to the direct connection to the sealing region 2.
- the blade tip region 3 preferably acts as a flywheel or pulling mass for the sealing region 2, whereby an axial expansion of the sealing region 2 along the longitudinal axis is provoked, simplified or made possible.
- an expansion along the first direction 4 due to the auxetic behavior of the sealing area is accomplished.
- this region preferably extends directly through the auxetic behavior of the auxetic material along the first direction 4.
- the first direction can run into the display plane in order to describe a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A of the airfoil 1.
- an axis of rotation and / or a flow direction of the working fluid in operation can run into the plane of representation of the figures.
- the extension of the blade tip region 3 along the first direction in the transition from the quiescent state to the operating state is accomplished by means other than auxetic materials, for example parts or mechanisms known to those skilled in the art.
- FIG. 3 indicates, in a qualitative simplification, the auxetic behavior of a material which according to the present invention is intended for the sealing region 2.
- the auxetic behavior of the corresponding material can arise at the molecular or macro level.
- auxetic behavior can be seen in various mineral cuts. These include, for example, molybdenum (IV) sulfide, graphite, labradorite and augite.
- auxetic behavior can occur with appropriately cut cristobalite thins and zinc.
- the horizontal arrows show an extension of the corresponding material in a horizontal direction
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016206022.8A DE102016206022A1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-04-12 | Seal for turbomachinery |
PCT/EP2017/056815 WO2017178203A1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2017-03-22 | Turbine blade, associated device, turbomachine and use |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3420199A1 true EP3420199A1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
Family
ID=58461279
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17714667.7A Withdrawn EP3420199A1 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2017-03-22 | Turbine blade, associated device, turbomachine and use |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190048737A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3420199A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109072708A (en) |
CA (1) | CA3020425A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016206022A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017178203A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018132414A1 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-18 | Man Energy Solutions Se | Exhaust gas turbocharger with auxetic structures |
GB2614760A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-07-19 | Rolls Royce Plc | Turbine for gas turbine engine |
US12012859B2 (en) | 2022-07-11 | 2024-06-18 | General Electric Company | Variable flowpath casings for blade tip clearance control |
US11808157B1 (en) | 2022-07-13 | 2023-11-07 | General Electric Company | Variable flowpath casings for blade tip clearance control |
US11608158B1 (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-03-21 | Joon Bu Park | Negative Poisson's ratio materials for propellers and turbines |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3575523A (en) * | 1968-12-05 | 1971-04-20 | Us Navy | Labyrinth seal for axial flow fluid machines |
FR2548733B1 (en) * | 1983-07-07 | 1987-07-10 | Snecma | DEVICE FOR SEALING MOBILE BLADES OF A TURBOMACHINE |
DE59809352D1 (en) | 1997-06-24 | 2003-09-25 | Siemens Ag | COMPRESSOR BLADE AND USE OF A COMPRESSOR BLADE |
US6190124B1 (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2001-02-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Columnar zirconium oxide abrasive coating for a gas turbine engine seal system |
US6966755B2 (en) * | 2004-02-09 | 2005-11-22 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Compressor airfoils with movable tips |
US8016549B2 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2011-09-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Turbine engine alloys and crystalline orientations |
US7824763B2 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2010-11-02 | General Electric Company | Composite material for turbine support structure |
GB201003012D0 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2010-04-07 | Rolls Royce Plc | Vibration damping structures |
DE102011108957B4 (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-07-04 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | A method for producing, repairing and / or replacing a housing, in particular an engine housing, and a corresponding housing |
GB201206025D0 (en) * | 2012-04-04 | 2012-05-16 | Rolls Royce Plc | Vibration damping |
US20140044951A1 (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-02-13 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength-to-density nanocellular foam |
DE102013213834A1 (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2015-02-19 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Method for producing an insulation element and insulation element for an aircraft engine housing |
CA2973385A1 (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-07-14 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Auxetic structures with distorted projection slots in engineered patterns to provide npr behavior and improved stress performance |
US10196898B2 (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2019-02-05 | General Electric Company | Turbine airfoil with passive morphing structure |
-
2016
- 2016-04-12 DE DE102016206022.8A patent/DE102016206022A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-03-22 US US16/087,230 patent/US20190048737A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-03-22 CA CA3020425A patent/CA3020425A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-03-22 WO PCT/EP2017/056815 patent/WO2017178203A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-03-22 EP EP17714667.7A patent/EP3420199A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-03-22 CN CN201780023471.6A patent/CN109072708A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017178203A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
CN109072708A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
US20190048737A1 (en) | 2019-02-14 |
CA3020425A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
DE102016206022A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
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