EP3419878A2

EP3419878A2 - Method for monitoring the condition of wheel sets and rail vehicle

Info

Publication number: EP3419878A2
Application number: EP17702001.3A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Herbert Wörgötter; Thomas Philipp
Original assignee: Plasser und Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen GmbH
Current assignee: Plasser und Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen GmbH
Priority date: 2016-02-25
Filing date: 2017-01-30
Publication date: 2019-01-02
Also published as: WO2017144153A3; CN108602519A; WO2017144153A2

Abstract

In order to monitor the condition of wheel sets (2) of a rail vehicle (1), the wheel sets having suspension systems (8), using a working device (5) that generates a tilting moment, a change in the suspension travel of the suspension system (8), caused by a wheel-load reduction, is permanently measured by a wheel-load reduction sensor (15). When a pre-set switching mark has been reached, the wheel-load reduction sensor (15) automatically controls a drive unit (6) of the working device (5) in order to prevent a further increase in the tilting moment and/or controls the traction (3). This facilitates more economical use of the rail vehicle (1), since with the wheel-load reduction sensor (15) the working device no longer has to be permanently restricted to extreme situations.

Description

Method for condition monitoring of wheel sets and rail vehicle

[01] The invention relates to a method for condition monitoring of

Wheel sets of a rail vehicle and a rail vehicle.

[02] For test methods to demonstrate derailment safety

considered mainly conventional rail vehicles. The derailment safety is tested in an extreme situation and the machine must be safe from derailment in this situation. In rail vehicles with cranes, aerial work platforms and the like changeable tilting moment the performance of the vehicle is permanently limited to a residual reserve of an extreme situation. That is, the vehicle is placed in an extreme track transition arc and at the same time in a 150 m radius curve and the permissible wheel relief, which may be generated superimposed by the crane, is limited to this extreme situation.

Due to the permanent reference to the extreme situations that rarely occur in practical use, such as a maximum track cant with a maximum track distortion and a maximum load of a crane, constantly about 80% of the wheel contact must be available during the entire work, to prevent lifting of the wheel or wheelset from the rail. This only allows an uneconomical use of the vehicles, since the tilting torque-generating tools or their loads so far are to be reduced, that a usual use corresponding load bearing is no longer possible.

[04] Modern crane controls can calculate the tilting moment generated by the crane online in real time. For simple crane controls, this is not available. It is then usually assumed that the maximum load is at the maximum deflected position. On this basis, the maximum swivel angle of the implement is determined.

[05] There are also publications in which the derailing condition of the

Vehicles is detected by measurement (GB 2 061 849). About the travel of this value is fed to an intelligent controller, in which it is decided whether the vehicle is on the way safe derailment or whether a lock of the drive should take place. There is the determination of the suspension travel of the vehicle in operation. From the roll-in and rebound of the vehicle due to the overturning moment, the momentary distortion in the track and the actual elevation can be recalculated online in real time on the state of the derailment during the working trip. Thus, a very high level of security requiring special effort is necessary for this evaluation or control. The object of the present invention is now to provide a method and a rail vehicle of the type mentioned, with which an economically improved use is possible.

[07] This object is achieved by a method or a rail vehicle of the generic type by the features cited in the characterizing part of claim 1 and 7, respectively.

[08] Such a method allows on the one hand a high derailment safety and on the other hand an improved utilization of the tilt torque generating equipment. The distance or the switching point of the Radentlastungssensors is set geometrically such that when reaching a limit value of the derailment security defining switching point or the switching point of the feed of the rail vehicle is interrupted or turned off. If the vehicle is stationary during operation and a working device producing a tilting torque is in operation, the drive of the implement is alternatively influenced for an immediate reduction of the tilting moment. Since these drive controls are carried out exclusively via a hardware chain and each sensor is capable of making decisions, a particularly high degree of safety can be achieved. It is of particular advantage that this security can not be influenced by an operator.

[09] In this respect, a rail vehicle equipped according to the invention features a particularly high degree of protection against derailment. achieved when the distance of the Radentlastungssensors or the switching point - before the first use of the vehicle - purely geometrically adjusted. In addition, even with subsequent installation in a rail vehicle only a small amount of additional design effort is required.

Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the drawing description.

In the following the invention will be described with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. 1 shows a schematically simplified side view of a rail vehicle, FIGS. 2 and 3 each show an enlarged side view of a wheel set having a suspension.

[1] A rail vehicle 1 shown in FIG. 1 can be moved by wheelsets 2 by means of a travel drive 3 on a track 4 and equipped with a work implement 5 which changes a tilting moment - here for example in the form of a drive 6 comprising a crane. The wheelsets 2 are each arranged in pairs in a bogie 7 and have a schematically indicated suspension 8. Between a vehicle frame 9 and a bogie frame 10 is a drive 11 having a car body tenabstützung 12 is provided. As shown in particular in connection with the further Figs. 2 and 3, for a distance measurement between the suspension 8 supporting the suspension base 13 (or a connected to this axlebox 16) and resting on the suspension 8 load support 14 is a Radentlastungssensor 15 arranged. This is designed for example as a proximity switch and opener. The mounted on the load support 14 and the bogie frame 10 Radentlastungssensor 15 is arranged in a mathematically determined prior to installation distance d with respect to a connected to the axle bearing 16 and to be detected by the Radentlastungssensor 5 operating bracket 17.

[14] Each Radentlastungssensor 15 having a preset and a maximum allowable Radentlastung defining shift mark is designed to directly influence the drive 6 of the implement 5 to avoid further increase in the overturning moment and / or the traction drive 3.

Due to the overturning moment of variable masses and loads and the distortion in the track 4 and the actual track cant can change the wheel contact force during the working trip.

[16] For the functional safety of the overall system "detection of derailment risk", a proximity switch (sensor) with SIL2 level is selected (SIL = Saftey Integry Level to IEC 61508 / IEC 61511). [17] As already mentioned, the proximity switch or wheel relief sensor 15 is designed as an opener. The position of the Radentlastungssensors 15 and a switch mark is set with a pre-calculated Radentlastung on the bogie frame 10 such that at the corresponding Radentlastung the traction drive 3 and the drives 6 are interrupted by the opener in the hardware chain. For security reasons, there is no intelligent controller in the decision or hardware chain.

[18] Sensors with a very high safety level are used and installed in the exact position so that the switching edge of the sensor is determined by the permissible wheel load (limit value of derailment safety). It is determined in advance the least necessary Restradaufstandskraft calculated. Due to the spring stiffness of the primary suspension, the distance from the resting state (static equilibrium) of the vehicle in the empty state can be determined exactly.

[19] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the wheel relief sensor 15 is mounted above the axle box 16 on the truck frame 10. The operating bracket 17 is connected to the axle box 16. The dynamic spring travel can be traversed without restrictions during the transfer travel. In the working drive moves at a relief of the wheel contact force the axle box 16 together with the operating bracket 17 in a spring travel s down and actuated at a The opener interrupts the traction drive 3 of the rail vehicle 1 so that it is immediately transferred to a derailment-safe operation. A release of the vehicle right takes place only when the tilting moment is reduced and thus the suspension 8 is charged more again. With the described Radentlastungssensoren 15, the derailment security can be ensured with a very high level of security. Thus, these sensors 15 are especially suitable for work tools 5 with working baskets receiving workers.

[20] During the working travel of the rail vehicle 1, the body support 12 between the vehicle frame 9 and the bogie 7 is active on the crane side. In the respective car body support 12, the hydraulic pressure during the working drive is measured and fed to an intelligent controller. This gives the operator as a warning signal information about an imminent shutdown of the drive unit 3, as soon as 90% of the permissible wheel relief can be achieved. Thus, the operator knows that he moves due to excessive wheel relief near the border of derailment security. In response, the operator may place the crane or work implement 5 in a derailment-safe condition without the advancing movement of the vehicle being automatically interrupted by the wheel relief sensor 15. For this a more comfortable way information is not a high security level of the control necessary. The information can be transmitted acoustically and / or visually to the operator.

In four-axle rail vehicles 1 per bogie 7, an axle or a wheel 2 each left and right equipped with a Radentlastungssensor 15. Thus, the foremost and the rearmost axle of the vehicle 1 are respectively monitored by the sensor 15.

[22] The derailment safety at a maximum wheel unloading is determined. This maximum wheel relief is determined by the one wheel travel s receiving wheel relief sensor 15, which interrupts the traction drive 3 at a set shift mark. The verification is carried out according to method 3 according to EN14363. In principle, conditions a) and b) must be fulfilled. a) dQ / QO <0.6 with test twist on the twist test bench and wheel unloading due to asymmetry.

b) X-factor <0.1

This method 3 assumes that the wheel unloadings come from a pure Prüfverwindung. Since the wheel relief can also be caused by the crane, for safety's sake it is still tested according to method 2 according to EN 14363:

c) Y / Q <1. 2 in the arc with asymmetry

It is driven through a 150m bow with a wheel relief caused by the tilting moment of the crane. The executives that occur must be reliably absorbed. The investigation Y force is given by the formula It. EN 14033-2 Annex I (basically

ORE B55) with a coefficient of friction μ = 0.36:

Ya_q incl. Values according to EN14033 (X-factor):

DG 1 Ya_q (1): 6.52e + 04 [N] (Newton)

DG 2 Ya_q (2): 6.67e + 04 [N] (Newton)

From this, the minimum wheel contact force can be determined:

Qmin = Ya_q / 1.2.

Ya_q ... maximum Y force in the outer wheel (determined by measurement or calculation)

Qmin ... minimum wheel contact force in the derailment-safe condition

The maximum wheel relief AQ_max can be obtained by means of the wheel contact force in the empty state (empty tank, without loading ..):

AQ_max = Q0 - Qmin

AQjnax ... maximum wheel unloading.

Q0 ... Radaufstandskraft in the empty state.

Qmin ... minimum wheel contact force in the derailment-safe condition.

This results in the maximum asymmetry asym = AQ_max / Q0

AQ_max ... maximum wheel unloading.

Q0 ... Radaufstandskraft in the empty state. asym. max. permissible asymmetry so that the vehicle is still safe from derailment.

Determining the spring travel until the wheel relief sensor responds:

It is determined in advance, the minimum wheel contact force for the vehicle in which it is just derailment. Due to the spring stiffness of the primary spring the maximum deflection for the corresponding wheel unloading force for a wheel can be determined: s_max = AQ_max / k / k_verst Δ0 .... maximum wheel load sjnax ... maximum spring travel due to rebound (corresponds to the wheel load) k ... spring constant of the respective wheel k_verst ... amplification factor by spring contact distance and Radauf distance.

It is driven with a maximum wheel relief, which is caused by a superimposed tilting moment of the crane with twisting of the track, through a 150m bow. The executives that occur must be reliably absorbed. The Y-force is determined according to the formula It. EN 14033-2 Annex I (basically ORE B55) with a coefficient of friction μ = 0.36.

The largest determined force from condition a) and c) is now used for setting the minimum wheel contact force: [24] The functionality of the wheel relief sensor can be proven in two different ways: on the torsion test bench or on the track scale.

[25] The mathematically determined minimum wheel unloading is brought about either by twisting or by swinging out of the crane or work implement 5 and by means of track scales or load cell at the turning point. test bench is metrologically recorded. When the limit or switch mark is reached, the Radentlastungssensor 15 must interrupt the travel drive 3. It is here directly possible to adjust the actuating bow 7 by means of a screw connection 18 (see Fig. 3) until the switching or opening operation is carried out.

[26] The Radentlastungssensoren arranged on the rail vehicle 1

15 do not communicate with each other, each sensor 15 is capable of decision.

Claims

Patent claims

1. A method for condition monitoring of suspensions (8) having wheelsets (2) or bogies of a rail vehicle (1) with a tilting moment generating implement (5), characterized in that caused by a wheel relief change of a suspension travel of the suspension (8) measured by a Radentlastungssensor (15) and upon reaching a preset switching mark the Radentlastungssensor (15) automatically controls a drive (6) of the implement (5) to avoid further increase the tilting moment and / or a traction drive (3).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one of an activation of the switch mark to the influence of the drive (6) and / or the traction drive (3) formed decision chain is performed exclusively by hardware.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each of the rail vehicle (1) arranged Radentlastungssensoren (15) is switchable by itself.

4. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a maximum permissible wheel relief defining switch mark is determined by calculation before mounting the Radentlastungssensors (15).

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that upon reaching preferably 90% of the permissible Radentlastung - regardless of the detection of the spring deflection s by the Radentlastungssensor (15) - a warning signal is issued.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the warning signal as a result of a pressure measurement between a vehicle frame (9) and a bogie (7) is discharged.

7. rail vehicle (1) with a suspension (8) having movable on a track wheelsets (2) and with a tilting moment generating implement (5), characterized in that a Radentlastungssensor (15) for a distance measurement between a suspension ( 8) supporting the suspension base (13) and one on the suspension (8) resting load support (14) is formed, and that each of a preset, a maximum permissible Radentlastung defining shift mark having Radentlastungssensor (15) for a direct influence on a drive (6) of the Working device (5) to avoid further enlargement of the tilting moment and / or a traction drive (3) is formed.

8. Rail vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that the Radentlastungssensor (15) is designed as a proximity switch.

9. Rail vehicle according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the Radentlastungssensor (15) is designed as an opener.

10. Rail vehicle according to claim 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that on the load support (14) fixed Radentlastungssensor (15) in a mathematically determined before assembly distance (d) with respect to a with a Achslagergehäuse (16) connected and from the Radentlastungssensor (15) to be detected actuating bracket (17) is arranged.