EP3419783A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce par enduction et fabrication additive ; pièce correspondante - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce par enduction et fabrication additive ; pièce correspondante

Info

Publication number
EP3419783A1
EP3419783A1 EP17705085.3A EP17705085A EP3419783A1 EP 3419783 A1 EP3419783 A1 EP 3419783A1 EP 17705085 A EP17705085 A EP 17705085A EP 3419783 A1 EP3419783 A1 EP 3419783A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
surface structure
coating
coating material
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17705085.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Brunhuber
Andreas Graichen
Henning Hanebuth
Heinz-Ingo Schneider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3419783A1 publication Critical patent/EP3419783A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3046—Co as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046—Welding
    • B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/08—Removing material, e.g. by cutting, by hole drilling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/146—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing a liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/361—Removing material for deburring or mechanical trimming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/62—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/001—Turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/067—Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the manufacture ⁇ ment of a workpiece, for example a cryogen ⁇ standing workpiece, such as a workpiece or component, which is in the hot gas path of a turbomachine, such as a gas turbine, used. Furthermore, the concerns
  • the present invention relates to a workpiece which has been produced or can be produced by the said method.
  • structures such as selective laser melting (SLM) and cladding, such as laser cladding, or LMD for laser metal deposition, are used in both manufacturing and repair
  • the SLM method allows the additive construction of complex
  • the SLM process belongs to the powder bed processes, whereby a reduction of the structure sizes or improvement of the surface roughness is due primarily to a reduction of the powder fractions down to
  • SLM process also allows build rates or deposition rates of 3 to 8 cm 3 / h.
  • the structure of a structure is defined along only one specific (build) axis.
  • these support structures need unnecessary deposition material and must also be nachträg ⁇ Lich still consuming separate from the actual desired structure and / or reworked accordingly.
  • the support structures are usually selected and angeord ⁇ net that particularly undesirable artifacts, which are caused by the additive manufacture, are avoided.
  • a subsequent exemption of superfluous, in particular pulverulent, starting material is difficult to remove from filigree spaces of the component.
  • LMD process of additive assembly along at least three axes can be carried out.
  • LMD methods can five- alternatively or eight-axle devices are used, for example, where a base or support for the to be established material and a deposition or production head or ent ⁇ speaking powder nozzle or laser device in three mutually perpendicular spatial directions are movable ,
  • the support may be movable in addition to two different axes (rotary and / or tilting axes).
  • the LMD method is usually a CAD ("computer aided design") and / or robot-assisted method, whereby 3D structures can be constructed or manufactured quasi-isotropically.
  • the LMD method allows build-up or deposition rates of 30 to 40 cm
  • Hardfacing methods are known, for example, from EP 2 756 909 A1. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved method for producing a workpiece or a component, in particular a method with which components can be manufactured cost and / or time-efficient and / or with improved properties.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a workpiece, comprising providing a substrate having a predetermined surface structure.
  • the workpiece is preferably a high temperature resistant component for use in the hot gas path of a turbomachine, for example, a gas turbine for power generation.
  • the predetermined surface structure is preferably a microscopic surface structure.
  • the predetermined surface structure preferably has at least one microscopic surface structure element.
  • the top ⁇ surface structure is also predetermined, ie beispielswei- Its topography or structure is defined for a specific application.
  • the method further includes coating the surface structure with a coating material, preferably a metal, wherein the coating material for Her ⁇ detection temperature of an additive manufacturing process is stable.
  • the preparation temperature is preferably a temperature which is achieved by solidification means of the corresponding additive manufacturing process, in particular a laser ⁇ or electron beam, or to which a material is heated within a short time as soon as it is hit or impacted by said jet.
  • the substrate can be protected by the protective coating of the coating material from the action of high temperatures during the additive preparation, as described above, in particular from heat input or damage caused by the coating material or by the corresponding coating step in the production process become.
  • the method of coating the surface structure with respect to the preparation temperature of the additive manufacturing process is adjusted (or vice versa), such that the coating material for the Her ⁇ position is temperature resistant.
  • the method further comprises the additive producing a material for the workpiece or component so that the coated surface structure defined on the ⁇ be coated surface structure with additive manufacturing method, a base surface of the workpiece to be produced.
  • the structure at the preparation is preferably first constructed or istschie ⁇ the.
  • the substrate is preferably form ⁇ giving for the workpiece or the component, wherein the structure of the substrate can be transferred by the inventive method to the base of the workpiece to be produced or is mapped to it.
  • the base of the workpiece for example, have or form a negative or positive of the predetermined surface structure.
  • the surface structure preferably forms or represents the corresponding negative, and the base area forms or represents the corresponding positive.
  • the base area furthermore represents an impression of the surface structure of the substrate, defines it or comprises the aforementioned impression.
  • the workpiece according to the present disclosure may also have a surface structure (shown).
  • the method further comprises - after the additive manufacturing - the detachment of the substrate from the Be Anlagenungsmateri- al or the workpiece, for example by means of a sawurebe ⁇ treatment or other methods of the prior art.
  • a substrate material of the substrate is or is chosen such that the substrate can be subsequently removed or separated from the workpiece in a particularly simple manner by thermal or chemical means.
  • the method described may comprise further method steps, for example a temperature treatment after the additive production of the material, wherein in particular a favorable or required for the workpiece crystal structure or material phase is adjusted.
  • a temperature treatment after the additive production of the material, wherein in particular a favorable or required for the workpiece crystal structure or material phase is adjusted.
  • Kris ⁇ tallschreib can annealed in the material and / or internal stresses in the material are reduced.
  • Base area or corresponding dimensions of the internal structure make reindeer, which, for example exclusively via conventional LMD technology, ie without the invention shown SSE definition of the base can not be achieved. This is achieved in particular by the fact that the predetermined surface structure is defined by the described method as the base area for the workpiece to be produced through the coated substrate.
  • the advantages mentioned can be used especially for additive manufacturing processes, namely those in which particularly high temperatures are involved.
  • each desired 3D workpiece or component can in particular be in any desired manner, for example by means up welding on ⁇ be made with the plane defined by the coated surface structure base.
  • ⁇ sondere can be dispensed with the time-consuming production of foundry cores or components by conventional G confusetechnolo ⁇ energy thereby, thus, mung complex microscopic internal structures particularly in the Abfor- - often a months of development effort might be prevented.
  • the above-mentioned advantages of the application welding process can be exploited.
  • the additive manufacturing is by means of cladding, preferably laser cladding, in particular
  • the exposure time or Exposure time, the laser power and / or other parameters corresponding to the desired surface structure of the workpiece are in the additive producing the material for the workpiece, in particular by Laserauf ⁇ up welding set.
  • the grain orientation or grain size of the material to be built up for the workpiece can be adjusted or influenced, whereby, for example, the creep resistance of the material or the crack resistance or ductility can be optimized.
  • the above embodiment can prevent connection error errors, for example with regard to cohesion or adhesion of the materials involved.
  • the base is a with respect to a contour of the workpiece at least partially inwardly or inboard or inside angeord ⁇ designated surface.
  • the base surface is preferably within said contour.
  • the contour be ⁇ writes in this sense preferably an enveloping upper ⁇ surface of the workpiece or component.
  • providing the substrate is performed such that the surface structure to define the base surface at least one structural element before ⁇ preferably a plurality of surface structure elements, less than 100 ym having a dimension of (respectively).
  • An innovative advantage of the method described relates to an improved "resolution" of structures or features on the base, or an increased production-accuracy. Further, to dispense with complex structural support ⁇ structures.
  • microstructures such as ribs example ⁇ structures and / or turbulators for an application of the workpiece in turbine blades, with each
  • the material is a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy or an off ⁇ gear therefor for the workpiece.
  • the material for the workpiece comprises a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy or a starting material therefor.
  • the workpiece is a high temperature resistant component, for example a component which is used in or in connection with the hot gas path of a Strömungsma ⁇ machine, such as a gas turbine.
  • High temperature ⁇ turbestteil may mean in particular that the workpiece or component or its material is high temperature resistant, a
  • the surface structure - preferably only superficially - and before coating with the coating material, roughened or pretreated to improve adhesion of the coating material on the Oberflä ⁇ chen Vietnamese. Said roughening or pretreatment is particularly advantageous for imparting adhesion between the coating material and the surface structure. Furthermore, this treatment can be known physical or chemical means, game, in ⁇ etching or an ozone treatment by the expert done.
  • the coating material is a Me ⁇ tall and / or a ceramic-metal composite, for example a "CERMET" material.
  • the coating material and the material for the workpiece are at least partially identical. The coating material and the material for the workpiece may be completely identical. This has the particular advantage that no unwanted chemical or physical reactions between the coating material and the material for the workpiece occur.
  • the coating material and the material for the workpiece are as similar as possible with regard to the respective chemical and / or physical properties.
  • the coating of the surface structure is carried out by a thermal coating method, for example thermal spraying.
  • a thermal coating method for example thermal spraying.
  • the coating is effected by means of an isotropic coating process, in particular a procedural ⁇ ren chemical vapor deposition. Through these excluded staltung difficult to access, coated with ⁇ play as internal surfaces with the coating ⁇ material, and thus ADVANTAGES ⁇ le of the invention may be used to advantage.
  • a (separate) adhesion- promoting layer is applied to the surface structure.
  • this adhesion promoter is as thin as possible so as not to impair the resolution of the surface structures to be transferred to the workpiece.
  • the coated surface structure has a roughness of less than 60 ⁇ m, preferably less than 40 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 30 or 20 ⁇ m.
  • this embodiment may in particular be a FEI ne or reaches high "resolution" of the coated surface structure and thus corresponding to delicate surfaces ⁇ structures for the workpiece to be imaged.
  • the coating of the surface structure is performed uniformly or homogeneously such that a layer thickness of the coating material, preferably over the entire surface of the surface structure by less than 100 ym, preferably less than 50 ym, for example ⁇ deviates from an average value.
  • the substrate comprises a ceramic or a cast component, which forms the surface structure.
  • Example ⁇ as a workpiece, comprising the base, the manufacturing process for the workpiece, the additive producing the material for the workpiece on the comprises predetermined surface structure of the substrate and wherein the upper ⁇ surface structure - as described - defines the base.
  • the (coated) base ⁇ surface comprises an impression of the surface structure or a portion of the surface structure.
  • the described workpiece preferably has specific and / or characteristic properties according to the described production method.
  • the mate rial ⁇ or workpiece can be distinguished in terms of its structural or surface properties by the relevant methods of surfaces or structural analysis of workpieces, which have been produced by other methods, or can be prepared. Such methods are for example Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis and / or X-ray fluorescence analysis.
  • TEM Transmission electron microscopy
  • energy dispersive X-ray analysis and / or X-ray fluorescence analysis.
  • ⁇ se method the crystal structure of the corresponding material can in particular be examined, and an element analysis to be performed.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the sequence of a method for producing a workpiece.
  • a workpiece that has been produced by the method indicated in Figure 1.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows the workpiece of Figure 2, wherein a substrate has been peeled off.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows the flow of a method for ad ⁇ ditiven producing a workpiece or component (verglei ⁇ che reference numeral 100 in Figure 2), for example a construction ⁇ part for a turbomachine, such as a gas turbine.
  • the workpiece 100 is preferably a high temperature resistant workpiece used in conjunction with a hot air path of a gas turbine engine.
  • the workpiece preferably consists of a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy or comprises a corresponding material.
  • the method comprises the provision of a substrate 1, which in FIG. 1 or FIG.
  • the substrate 1 comprises a predetermined surface structure 2.
  • the predetermined surface area chen Vietnamese 2 may be, for example, a rib structure and / or a turbulator structure or be defined by this.
  • the predetermined surface structure 2 is preferably a surface structure with surface structure elements 10, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the surface structural elements 10 each have a rectangular cross section (shown by way of example).
  • the surface structure elements 10, each preferably a ⁇ zelne or at least one of the heatnpatentedele ⁇ elements 10, can an outer dimension or dimension of a few or a few millimeters, for example up to 3 millimeters have.
  • the surface structure elements 10 can have a dimension or dimension in Mikrometerbe ⁇ rich, preferably less than 100 ym, more preferably less than 80 ym or even smaller (refer to a dimension below).
  • the surface structure 2 is preferably predetermined or determined for the manufacture ⁇ ment of the workpiece. In other words, the topography of the surface structure is fixed. Although not explicitly shown in the figures, the surface structure elements, or just some of them, may be different and / or have different dimensions among each other.
  • the method further includes coating the surface of structure 2 with an exposure material 9.
  • the coating material 9 is shown completely deposited on the surface of structure 2 in figure 1 already by the Invention ⁇ proper process for the preparation of the workpiece.
  • the loading coating material 9 has also been applied with a layer thickness b on the surface structure and that that the coated surface structure 2 defines a base surface 3 of the ⁇ (produced) workpiece 100 such.
  • the coating material 9 is also preferably selected in such a way and / or designed that it, at least temporarily, is stable for a manufacturing ⁇ temperature of the additive manufacturing method, with which the workpiece is manufactured (see FIG. below).
  • the Beschich ⁇ tung material 9 to be resistant and / or heat-resistant for temperatures above 1000 ° C, preferably above 1200 ° C, 1400 ° C or even higher temperatures; at least for a duration of a few seconds or minutes, in which the coating material is exposed, for example, directly with a laser or electric ⁇ nenstrahl.
  • the coating with the coating material 9 preferably takes place in the context of the method according to the invention such that the coating material 9 has been coated or deposited with a layer thickness of b on the surface structure 2 of the substrate 1, particularly preferably by means of a thermal coating method.
  • a thermal coating method in particular methods of physical vapor deposition, for example electron beam or laser beam evaporation, can preferably be used for the coating.
  • Other possible methods are thermal spraying, for example high-speed flame spraying, or cold gas spraying, an exchange coating process or a galvanic coating process.
  • the coating material 9 is a metal or a ceramic-metal composite, such as a ceramic ⁇ compound in a metal matrix such as a "CERMET" material. Accordingly come especially for the coating before Trains t ⁇ thermal coating method such as thermal spraying, is used. Alternatively, however, - preferably in the case of low-melting substrate materials, ie, structures having the surface structure, such as polymers or low melting metals "cold” are used Beschich ⁇ processing methods for coating the surface structure, although not explicitly shown in the figures, can before. the coating material 9 is supplied to the coating of the surface structure 2 with the coating material 9, an adhesion promoter can be applied for improving the adhesion of the coating material.
  • an adhesion promoter can be applied for improving the adhesion of the coating material.
  • the layer thickness of the coating material 9 is also preferably b also at vertical or oblique sections of the surface structure.
  • the coating material 9 is made of a chemically and / or physically related material such as the material from which the workpiece 100 is made.
  • the coating material 9 is furthermore made of the same material as the workpiece 100, for example a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy.
  • the method further comprises the additive production of a material 5 for the workpiece on the surface structure 2,
  • the coating material 9 and the material 5 for the workpiece 100 are preferably at least in parts, example ⁇ as main components and / or alloying constituents, identical.
  • the coating material 9 can furthermore be completely identical to the material 5.
  • the workpiece see reference numeral 100 in Figure
  • the material 5 may be synonymous with the workpiece 100.
  • the material may in particular be a starting material for the workpiece.
  • the method for producing the workpiece may include one or more heat treatments, for example for adjusting certain phase precipitates. This may be useful to phase Ausschei ⁇ applications or settings of ⁇ or ⁇ ⁇ phases of each produced material of the superalloy in particular.
  • the additive production of the workpiece is preferably carried out by build-up welding, for example Laser Grandeschwei ⁇ Shen (LMD), in particular laser powder deposition welding or electron beam welding.
  • LMD Laser Grandeschwei ⁇ Shen
  • the mentioned methods or techniques for hardfacing preferably take place by CAD and / or robotically, or can be correspondingly gesteu ⁇ ert.
  • a corresponding Lasersvillesch availability device is indicated in Figure 1 by the reference numeral 6.
  • the material 5 for producing the workpiece 100 is preferably manufactured or produced by laser powder build-up welding in accordance with the described method.
  • this is preferably the wish for the ge ⁇ (3D) structure suitable material properties produces overall accordingly.
  • process parameters such as the laser Leis ⁇ tung, the exposure or exposure time of the laser or other parameters can be adjusted according to the desired material phase.
  • a longer exposure time may be required, for example, in hard-to-reach places or edges of the work piece to be produced, than in other places.
  • an apparatus head of the surfacing Device via or using a feedback loop.
  • Figure 2 shows, inter alia, the workpiece ready prepared or component 100, which is manufactured by means of the described procedural ⁇ proceedings or can be prepared.
  • the workpiece 100 is over, the coating material 9 and optionally a bonding material integral with the substrate 1 ver ⁇ prevented.
  • the base surface 3 of the coating material 9 represents or comprises an impression of the coated surface structure 2.
  • the base surface of the coating material 9, but preferably also the herzu- alternate workpiece 100 defines mapped or to ⁇ formed to transfer the surface structure of the workpiece, and thus a -
  • by the method described - by defining the surface structure on the substrate very high resolution and dynamics ⁇ or roskopisch structured surface area of the workpiece to erzeu ⁇ gen.
  • the workpiece 100 in FIG. 2 has a contour 4, which encloses or envelopes the workpiece 100 including its surface structure elements.
  • the contour 4 is shown by the dashed line in Figure 2 and in connection with the ma- material 5 in Figure 1.
  • the base 3 with respect to the contour 4 of the workpiece to be produced 100 an at least partially inside surface of the work ⁇ tee 100.
  • the dimension preferably relates to a width (compare horizontal direction in FIGS. 1 and 2) of the respective surface structure elements 10, but may also refer to a corresponding one
  • the width can accordingly indicate a direction along the contour.
  • the substrate 1 is a ceramic or a cast component or comprises, for example, a ceramic at least on the surface ⁇ structure 2.
  • the substrate 1 can be prepared or provided for example by investment casting with the aid of ceramic casting cores.
  • the Oberflä ⁇ chentechnik 2 is or is formed by a ceramic cast core.
  • the casting core consisting for example of alumina, ⁇ example, Al 2 O 3, or silicon dioxide (Si0 2) or comprises one of these materials. In other words, the provisioning may be performed according to the described method.
  • the casting core preferably has a very fine powder grain on the outside, in order to be able to "dissolve” a fine, for example microscopically small, surface structure, As the distance from the surface structure increases, the material of the substrate (the casting core) can become increasingly porous or coarse include grit or grading to have a sufficient (thermal) shock resistance simultaneously.
  • a Derar ⁇ tig graded component preferably has a particularly small and technologically desired surface roughness of only 50 ym or less, for example 30 ym on. When the term "roughness" may be a medium Rau ⁇ uniform, a square roughness or roughness han ⁇ spindles.
  • the substrate comprises at least on the surface structure or a surface structure 2, a refractory metal such as tantalum, zirconium, molybdenum or tungsten or other high melting, beispielswei ⁇ se non-noble metal of the fourth, fifth or the sixth Ne group of the periodic table.
  • the surface structure is preferably made by electron beam melting.
  • the method further includes detaching the substrate 1 from the workpiece 100 after the additive manufacturing thereof (see Fig. 3). The detachment of the substrate 1 can be carried out selectively for all ⁇ be described embodiments by thermal or chemical means. For example, regardless of whether the substrate or the surface structure is metallic or ceramic, the workpiece 100 may be chemically peeled off.
  • FIG. 3 schematically indicates that the substrate 1 has been removed after the additive or additive production of the workpiece 100, for example by a chemical or thermal detachment.
  • the substrate can be peeled from the workpiece 100 is also characterized in that the coating material 9 from the substrate 1 by geeigne ⁇ te means (selective thermal and / or chemical detachment) is disconnected.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce, qui comprend les étapes consistant à prendre un substrat (1) présentant une structure superficielle (2) prédéfinie, à enduire la structure superficielle (2) d'un matériau de revêtement (9), le matériau de revêtement (9) étant résistant à une température de fabrication d'un procédé de fabrication additive, à fabriquer un matériau (5) pour la pièce sur la structure superficielle (2, 9) enduite au moyen du procédé de fabrication additive, de telle sorte que la structure superficielle (2, 9) enduite définit une surface de base (3) de la pièce à fabriquer, et à enlever le substrat (1). L'invention concerne également une pièce (1) qui est fabriquée ou peut être fabriquée au moyen du procédé décrit.
EP17705085.3A 2016-04-08 2017-02-10 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce par enduction et fabrication additive ; pièce correspondante Withdrawn EP3419783A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16164438.0A EP3228415A1 (fr) 2016-04-08 2016-04-08 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce usinée utilisant par revêtement et fabrication additionnelle ; pièce correspondante
PCT/EP2017/052959 WO2017174234A1 (fr) 2016-04-08 2017-02-10 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce par enduction et fabrication additive ; pièce correspondante

Publications (1)

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EP3419783A1 true EP3419783A1 (fr) 2019-01-02

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EP16164438.0A Withdrawn EP3228415A1 (fr) 2016-04-08 2016-04-08 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce usinée utilisant par revêtement et fabrication additionnelle ; pièce correspondante
EP17705085.3A Withdrawn EP3419783A1 (fr) 2016-04-08 2017-02-10 Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce par enduction et fabrication additive ; pièce correspondante

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US (1) US20190105735A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP3228415A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN108883489A (fr)
CA (1) CA3020198A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017174234A1 (fr)

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US10710160B2 (en) * 2018-01-08 2020-07-14 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Shrouded rotor and a hybrid additive manufacturing process for a shrouded rotor
DE102018200287A1 (de) 2018-01-10 2019-07-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbomaschineninnengehäuse
CN109128165A (zh) * 2018-09-04 2019-01-04 华中科技大学 一种基于3d打印模芯的模具快速加工方法
DE102018220222A1 (de) * 2018-11-26 2020-05-28 Thyssenkrupp Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Werkstoffverbundes, Werkstoffverbund und seine Verwendung
CN110508809B (zh) * 2019-08-29 2020-11-17 华中科技大学 一种增材制造与表面涂覆复合成形系统及方法
CN111097908A (zh) * 2020-01-02 2020-05-05 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 一种注塑机螺杆及其制造方法
EP3872845A1 (fr) 2020-02-28 2021-09-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication d'une unité de module de puissance
EP3954480A1 (fr) 2020-08-12 2022-02-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pièce moulée fabriquée de manière additive pourvue de cavité remplie de mousse
US20230093175A1 (en) * 2021-09-23 2023-03-23 Goodrich Corporation Systems and methods for manufacturing wear pads

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JPS6368269A (ja) * 1986-09-06 1988-03-28 Kubota Ltd 小径肉盛成形管の製造方法
JPH0199781A (ja) * 1987-10-09 1989-04-18 Toyota Motor Corp 管内面肉盛クラッド管の製造方法
US7509735B2 (en) * 2004-04-22 2009-03-31 Siemens Energy, Inc. In-frame repairing system of gas turbine components
EP1854903B1 (fr) * 2006-05-08 2013-10-02 Ford-Werke GmbH Procédé de fabrication de revêtements résistant à l'usure sur un corps de base métallique
DE102007060964A1 (de) * 2007-12-14 2009-06-18 Sieber Forming Solutions Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von ringförmigen, rotationssymmetrischen Werkstücken aus Metall- und/oder Keramikpulver
DE102008022225A1 (de) * 2008-05-06 2009-11-12 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Behandeln einer Oberfläche
EP2756909A1 (fr) 2013-01-21 2014-07-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Soudage par beurrage de parois longitudinales courbées

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CA3020198A1 (fr) 2017-10-12
EP3228415A1 (fr) 2017-10-11
US20190105735A1 (en) 2019-04-11
WO2017174234A1 (fr) 2017-10-12
CN108883489A (zh) 2018-11-23

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