EP3412968A1

EP3412968A1 - Burner

Info

Publication number: EP3412968A1
Application number: EP18176057.0A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Massimo Gilioli; Massimo BALDAZZINI; Paolo GILLI; Gabriele GANGALE
Original assignee: Worgas Bruciatori SRL
Current assignee: Beckett Thermal Solutions SRL
Priority date: 2017-06-07
Filing date: 2018-06-05
Publication date: 2018-12-12
Also published as: IT201700062133A1; CN109000227A

Abstract

A burner (6) comprises a front frame (20) of sheet metal forming a front opening (22), a rear frame (24) of sheet metal different from the front frame (20) and forming one or more rear openings (25) overlapped with the front opening (22) of the front frame (20), a diffuser (4) sandwiched and retained between the front (20) and rear (24) frames, in which the front (20) and rear (24) frames are connected to each other by means of a mechanical fastening without welding (for example, by means of tox-clinching) in a plurality of mutually spaced discrete connection positions (26), in which the diffuser (4) extends at least partially around the connection positions (26) and has recesses (27) at the connection positions (26), so that the mechanical fastening without welding (e.g. tox-clinching) involves only the two sheet metals of the front (20) and rear (24) frames, but not also the diffuser (4).

Description

The present invention relates to a burner for a combustion unit, e.g. in gas boilers.
The combustion units of the known art comprise a combustion chamber with a heat exchanger, a burner connected to the combustion chamber for generating heat by means of the combustion of a combustible gas mixture and combustion air inside the combustion chamber, and also a supply duct for supplying the gas mixture and air to the burner.
The burner comprises:

a frame of impervious material, which can be connected to the combustion chamber and which supports a diffuser made of gas-pervious material, and
a combustion surface (the so-called combustion head) formed by a portion of the diffuser and intended to be facing into the combustion chamber and to be surrounded by the frame so that a gas mixture conveyed through the diffuser may be combusted over the combustion surface in the form of a flame scheme.

In a known solution, the combustion surface and the frame are made in a single piece of high temperature resistant sheet metal perforated at the combustion surface and impervious at the frame. This solution is disadvantageous due to the formation of breaks caused by increased thermal gradients between very hot areas and relatively cold areas.
Similar breaks have also been observed in a further known solution, in which the combustion surface of perforated sheet and the frame of impervious sheet were assembled for example, by means of welding spots.
To obviate the breaks due to the thermal stresses, it is known to the inventors to position a flexible porous layer on the perforated sheet, for example a fabric or a metallic fiber mesh which serves both as combustion surface, moving the combustion area away from the sheet, and as heat insulator, at the cost of having to provide and assemble an additional and costly component.
It is also known to make a frame in two pieces, a front frame portion and a rear frame portion, and sandwich one diffusion layer between the front frame portion and the rear frame portion, thus connecting the two frames and the diffusion layer together by means of welding, by means of screws or by means of mechanical deformation methods.
This solution allows different materials to be used for the frame and for the diffusion layer, the materials selected for the specific functions to be optimized and the use of high thermal resistance materials (and therefore quite costly) to be limited to the diffuser layer alone.
However, while the welding and also the connections by means of mechanical deformation (screwing, riveting, tox-clinching, nailing, stapling) are easily carried out on two metal layers, they have volume problems and higher costs if applied to packs of three or more layers of material. Moreover, the need for an accurate mutual positioning in the press or welder of more than two sheets or layers of stacked materials slows down the manufacturing of the burner.
Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to provide a burner and a method for the manufacturing thereof, having features such as to obviate at least some of the drawbacks of the known art.
It is a particular object of the invention to propose a burner having such features as to simplify and economize manufacturing.
Further objects of the invention relate to an improved resistance to the thermal stresses of the burner.
This and other objects are achieved by means of a burner according to claim 1. The dependent claims relate to preferred and advantageous embodiments.
According to one aspect of the invention, a gas burner is proposed, which is suitable for a combustion unit of the type having a first housing part (combustion housing) that internally delimits a combustion space, a second housing part (gas supply housing) that internally delimits a gas supply space, a burner interposed between the first housing part and the second housing part,
in which the burner comprises:

a front frame of sheet metal forming a front opening,
a rear frame of sheet metal different from the front frame and forming one or more rear openings overlapped with the front opening of the front frame,
a diffuser sandwiched and retained between the front and rear frames,

Thereby, the mechanical fastening without welding may be easily performed on two sheet metals alone, thus obviating the difficulties of making tox-clinchings on more than two sheets or layers.
This also allows to carry out the operations of mechanical fastening without welding in connection positions which are distant from one another, and therefore which may be carried out simultaneously, with a savings of burner assembly time and cost which not only compensates for, rather exceeds the greater cost of material for the double sheet of the frame.
Moreover, the fact of not involving diffuser 4 in the clinching allows diffuser 4 itself to have an extra level of freedom for accommodating thermal expansions.
In order to better understand the invention and appreciate the advantages thereof, certain exemplary non-limiting embodiments of the burner and the manufacturing method are described below, while reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 is an exploded view of the burner according to one embodiment,
figure 2 is a sectional view of a detail of the burner in figure 1, during an assembly step,
figure 3 is a top view of an assembled burner according to one embodiment,
figure 4 is a bottom view of an assembled burner according to one embodiment,
figure 5 is a top view of the components of the burner in figure 3,
figure 6 is a bottom view of the components of the burner in figure 3,
figure 7 is a top view of the burner in figure 3, partly assembled,
figure 8 is a bottom view of the burner in figure 3, partly assembled,
figure 9 is an enlarged view of a detail of a rear frame with distributor of the burner in figure 3,
figure 10 is an enlarged view of a detail of a rear frame with distributor and a diffuser of the burner in figure 3,
figure 11 is an enlarged view of a connection detail of the burner in figure 3,
figure 12 shows a combustion unit comprising the burner according to the invention,
figures 13a and 13b show the shape of a separation slit of a diffuser or of a distributor of the burner according to embodiments.

The drawings show a gas burner 1 which is suitable for a combustion unit 10 of the type having a first housing part (combustion housing) 11 that internally delimits a combustion space 12, a second housing part (gas supply housing) 13 that internally delimits a gas supply space 14, and burner 1 interposed between the first housing part 11 and the second housing part 13.
Burner 1 comprises a frame 2 of impervious sheet metal having an outer peripheral portion 3 which can be connected to at least one of the first 11 and second 13 housing parts, a diffuser 4, for example of perforated sheet metal, said diffuser 4 forming a combustion surface 5 surrounded by frame 2 and having an extension in a longitudinal direction 6 and an extension in a transverse direction 7, orthogonal to the longitudinal direction 6, in which the extension of the combustion surface 5 in the transverse direction 7 may be smaller than the extension of the combustion surface 5 in the longitudinal direction 6, and in which the combustion surface 5 is intended to face the combustion space 12 so that a gas mixture conveyed through diffuser 4 may be combusted over the combustion surface 5 in the form of a flame scheme.
According to one aspect of the invention, frame 2 comprises a front frame 20 of sheet metal forming a front opening 22, and a rear frame 24 of sheet metal different from the front frame 20 and forming one or more rear openings 25 overlapped with the front opening 22 of the front frame 20. Diffuser 4 is sandwiched and retained between the front 20 and rear 24 frames. The front 20 and rear 24 frames are connected to each other by mechanical fastening without welding, for example by means of tox-clinching (figures 3, 4, 11), in a plurality of mutually spaced discrete connection positions 26. Diffuser 4 extends at least partially around the connection positions 26 and has recesses 27 at the connection positions 26, so that the mechanical fastening without welding (e.g. tox-clinching) involves only the two sheet metals of the front 20 and rear 24 frames, but not also the sheet, or more generally, the layer of material of diffuser 4.
Thereby, the mechanical fastening without welding may be easily performed on two sheet metals alone, thus obviating the difficulties and volume restraints of making airtight mechanical fastenings on more than two sheets or layers.
This also allows carrying out the operations of mechanical fastening without welding in connection positions 26 which are distant from one another, and therefore which may be carried out simultaneously, with a saving of time and assembly cost of burner 1 which not only compensates for, rather exceeds the greater cost of material for the double sheet of frame 2.
Mechanical fastenings without welding in particular include an airtight mechanical and/or shape connection (for example, by means of the aforesaid (tox-)clinching, non-through riveting, non-through stapling, screwing, stapling, nailing) in discrete points spaced apart from one another.
According to one embodiment, at least one of the front 20 and rear 24 frames forms reliefs 28 at the recesses 27 of the diffuser, said reliefs 28 having a shape which is at least partly complementary with the shape of the recesses 27 for an engagement thereof with certain mutual positioning (figures 1, 9, 10).
The reliefs 28 may be bosses formed by pressing and having such a shape as to fill the corresponding recesses 27. Advantageously, the reliefs 28 have an outline complementary to the shape of the outline of the recesses 27.
Thereby, the shape engagement between the reliefs 28 and the recesses 27, with a diffuser 4 "sandwiched" between the front frame 20 and the rear frame 24, provides a certain mutual positioning of diffuser 4 with respect to frame 2.
According to a preferred embodiment, distance 29 (of the edge of recess 27) of the sheet metal or of the layer of material of diffuser 4 from the connection position 26 is greater than three quarters of the diameter extension 30 or of the connection diameter (e.g. tox is 3 times less than the diameter extension 30 or the connection diameter, e.g. tox) (figure 4).
Preferably, distance 29 (of the edge of recess 27) of the sheet metal or of the layer of material of diffuser 4 from the connection position 26 is equal to or greater than the diameter extension 30 or the connection diameter (e.g. tox is 1.5 times less than the diameter extension 30 or the connection diameter, e.g. tox) (figure 4). This facilitates the airtight mechanical connection of two sheet metals alone and at the same time allows a sufficient compacting and seal of the three overlapped sandwiched sheets/layers.
Advantageously, the reliefs 28 substantially are planar and delimited by a peripheral edge 31 thereof shaped as a step. Moreover, the peripheral edge 31 of the reliefs 28, as well as the peripheral edge 32 of the recesses 27, preferably extends as an arc of circle around (and possibly concentric to) the connection position 26. This facilitates the positioning and centering of the pieces being pressed and the carrying out of the mechanical fastening without welding (for example, by means of tox-clinching) and allows an improved planarity and hold of the overlapped sandwiched sheets/layers.
Advantageously, the recesses 27 and also the reliefs 28 are "open" on an outer side thereof facing away from the combustion surface 5 (figures 1, 4, 10), i.e. the peripheral edges 31, 32 thereof are interrupted by a cutting or by an outer side edge 34 of diffuser 4.
To facilitate the impervious connection of frame 2 to housing 11, 13 of the combustion unit 10, the front frame 20 extends over the whole longitudinal length, laterally past the outer side edge 34 of diffuser 4 (figure 4).
According to one embodiment, the connection positions 26 are arranged along two straight connection lines 33 parallel to the longitudinal direction 6 and arranged on two opposite sides of the combustion surface 5. At least three connection positions 26 are arranged along each connection line 33, for example from 3 to 6, or 5 connection positions 26 (figure 4).
The connection positions 26 positioned in sequence along a same connection line 33 preferably are equally spaced from one another.
As further advantage, burner 1 is without connection positions 26 outside the two connection lines 33 in order to reduce the mechanical stresses due to the prevention of thermal expansions at the connection positions 26.
According to a further aspect of the invention, should the extension of the combustion surface 5 in transverse direction 7 be less than the extension of the combustion surface 5 in longitudinal direction 6, diffuser 4 forms (at the combustion surface 5) a plurality of segments 8 of perforated sheet, mutually separated by means of through separation slits 9, and the through separation slits 9 extend in the transverse direction 7 for at least half or at least three quarters of the extension of the combustion surface 5 in the transverse direction 7.
This allows an uncoupling of the thermal deformations of the individual segments 8 and obviates the occurrence of buckling due to thermal expansion in diffuser 4.
Advantageously, the through separation slits 9 extend in the transverse direction 7 for substantially the whole extension of the combustion surface 5 in the transverse direction 7. This places the ends of the separation slits 9 in less hot areas of the burner and reduces thermal distortion, and the risk of formation of cracks at the ends of the separation slits 9.
According to one embodiment, the combustion surface 5 may substantially be flat and the separation slits 9 may substantially be rectilinear and possibly parallel to one another.
According to a further embodiment, the combustion surface 5 may be the one of a shell curved towards the combustion side, advantageously a semi-cylinder or a cylinder portion, preferably with constant cross section (in a transverse plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction 6), with the exception of the local interruptions due to the separation slits 9 and to the perforation.
In this embodiment, the separation slits 9 advantageously are rectilinear from a top view and in the shape of an arc of circle in cross section, as shown in figures 1, 3, 7. The separation slits 9 advantageously are parallel to one another.
According to one embodiment, the separation slits 9 have a width in the longitudinal direction 6 which is greater than 1/80 of the longitudinal length 15 of at least one of the adjacent segments 8 of perforated sheet (in particular, of the longest adjacent segment 8), but which is not greater than 1.5 mm. This reconciles the uncoupling need of the thermal deformations of the individual segments 8 with the need to make a perforated combustion surface 5 without excessive concentrations of pervious areas.
According to one embodiment, the perforation of diffuser 4 does not extend up to the separation slits 9 (figure 10). The separation slits 9 (figure 10) are delimited by transverse edges 17 of the segments 8 which are smooth or with continuous pattern. The smoothness of the transverse edges 17 obviates the occurrence of notching and the formation of cracks. An exception may be the formation of grooves or release holes formed at the ends of the separation slits 9, which will be described below.
The segments 8 of perforated sheet advantageously have a length 15 in the longitudinal direction 6 which substantially is constant and/or substantially equal, in order to ensure properties of thermal capacity, temperature distribution, thermal and mechanical stresses, and also a perviousness distribution to the gas mixture, which are as uniform as possible and accordingly, to obtain operating properties of the burner which are as uniform, certain and predictable as possible.
According to one embodiment, the segments 8 of perforated sheet advantageously have a length 15 in the longitudinal direction 6 which is less than a width 16 thereof in the transverse direction 7. I.e., the individual segments 8 of the combustion surface 5 are "locally" elongated in the transverse direction 7, while the whole combustion surface 5 is "globally" elongated in the longitudinal direction 6. Thereby, the thermal expansions of the individual segments 8 in longitudinal direction 6 may not be added together due to the separation slits 9, and the thermal expansions of the individual segments 8 in transverse direction 7 may be absorbed due to a curvature outside the plane of frame 2. Such a curvature occurs systematically in the direction of the combustion space 12 due to the thermal flexure of diffuser 4 towards the hottest side thereof.
According to one embodiment (figures 1, 5), burner 1 comprises two closing portions 18 of sheet metal extending outside the plane of frame 2 and closing otherwise free, longitudinal end spaces 19 between the combustion surface 5 and frame 2.
This allows the manufacturing of diffuser 4 to be simplified due to an easier forming of the perforated sheet by means of simple folding (around one longitudinal axis alone), for example in a press, and to simple portions of sheet "cap", preferably impervious, for closing burner 1 in the longitudinal end areas 19. In the known art, such a closure of the end portions required forming spherical metal mesh caps.
In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the two closing portions 18 are of non-perforated sheet metal.
The closing portions 18 may be shaped (for example, by means of a press) as part (e.g. one quarter) of a spherical cap to obtain a gradual transition between the plane of frame 2 and the upper area of the combustion surface 5. Alternatively, the closing portions 18 may be shaped as flat portions with or without stiffening ribs. Advantageously, the closing portions 18 have a double curvature cross section with a first rounded joining area between a flat portion of the frame and the closing portion 18, and with a second rounded joining area between the closing portion and the combustion surface, in which the second joining area has an offsetting curvature which is opposite to the curvature of the first joining area.
It is particularly advantageous to form at least one or both the closing portions 18 together with frame 2, for example together with a front frame 20 which is described below, in a single piece of sheet metal, for example forming or folding the closing portions 18 outside the plane of frame 2 along transverse edges 21 of a front opening 22 of frame 2 (figures 1, 5, 6).
This saves connecting material and costs and increases the air-tightness of the connection between the combustion surface 5 and frame 2.
According to a further embodiment, burner 1 may comprise a distributor 23, preferably of perforated sheet with larger openings than the perforation openings of diffuser 4. Distributor 23 is arranged on the side of diffuser 4 opposite to the combustion side and may have a similar shape to the one of the combustion surface 5, for example a planar or curved shape or a shape of a portion of cylinder.
According to one embodiment, also distributor 23 may form a plurality of segments 8' of perforated sheet, mutually separated by means of through separation slits 9', and in which the through separation slits 9' extend in the transverse direction 7 for at least half or at least three quarters of the extension of distributor 23 in the transverse direction 7.
The through separation slits 9' of distributor 23 extend in the transverse direction 7 for substantially the whole extension of distributor 23 in the transverse direction 7.
The separation slits 9' may substantially be rectilinear and possibly parallel to one another.
If distributor 23 has the shape of a semi-cylinder or a portion of cylinder, preferably with constant cross section (in a transverse plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction 6), the separation slits 9' advantageously are rectilinear from a top view and in the shape of an arc of circle in cross section, as shown in figure 1. The separation slits 9' advantageously are parallel to one another.
According to one embodiment, the separation slits 9' of distributor 23 have a width in the longitudinal direction 6 which is greater than 1/80 of the longitudinal length 15' of at least one of the adjacent segments 8' of perforated sheet (in particular, of the longest adjacent segment 8'), but which is not greater than 1.5 mm.
According to one embodiment, the perforation of distributor 23 does not extend up to the separation slits 9' (figure 1). The separation slits 9' are delimited by edges of the segments 8' which are smooth or with continuous pattern. An exception may be the formation of grooves or release holes formed at the ends of the separation slits 9, which will be described below.
The segments 8' of perforated sheet of distributor 23 advantageously have a substantially constant and/or substantially equal length 15' in the longitudinal direction 6.
According to one embodiment, the segments 8' of perforated sheet of distributor 23 advantageously have a length 15' in the longitudinal direction 6 which is less than a width 16' thereof in the transverse direction 7.
According to embodiments, to reduce or eliminate an undesired notching effect, one or both the ends of the separation slits 9, 9' of the diffuser or of the distributor may form stress-releasing holes or grooves which are rounded and widened with respect to the width of the separation slit 9, 9' (figure 13a).
According to a further embodiment (figure 13b), the separation slit(s) 9, 9' of the diffuser or of the distributor may form, along the extension thereof in transverse direction, a plurality of holes or grooves which are rounded and widened with respect to the width of the separation slit 9, 9', and possibly arranged in an equally spaced manner. This facilitates the manufacturing and the shape accuracy of the separation slits.
According to one embodiment, the front frame 20 and the rear frame 24 both are made of sheet metal having a lower resistance to high temperatures than the material of diffuser 4. In advantageous example embodiments, the front frame 20 and the rear frame 24 are made of stainless steel sheet. Diffuser 4 may be chosen in the group comprising:

perforated high thermal resistance sheet metal, e.g. high temperature ferritic stainless steel,
high thermal resistance metallic fiber fabric, e.g. FeCrAI alloys,
high thermal resistance metallic fiber mesh, e.g. FeCrAI alloys,
high thermal resistance ceramic or sintered porous material, e.g. cordierite, FeCrAI alloys and NiCrFe alloys,
metal wire mesh/net
bilayer or multilayer structures consisting of two or more layers made of the materials listed above.

According to one embodiment, (preferably all) the discrete connection positions 26 between the front frame 20 and the rear frame 24 are formed in a same connection plane 35, at one or more flat portions of sheet 36 of the front frame 20 and of the rear frame 24 parallel to the connection plane 35.
Making connection positions 19 in extending portions of sheet 21 tending to be planar allows using punches, presses and matrixes for making mechanical connections between the front frame 20 and the rear frame 24 in a quick and repeatable manner.
In the present description, the term "connection position" means "connection or connection point without spatial limitation to one point alone in the mathematical sense".
Advantageously, the connection positions 26 are spaced apart from one another by at least 20 mm. This allows all the connections to be made simultaneously in a single step by means of a press or by means of a spot welder.
According to one embodiment, the boundary line 37 is formed by an edge of the front frame 20 or, exceptionally and less preferably, of the rear frame 24, which extends uninterruptedly all around the combustion surface 5 and therefore, around the diffusion area.
The outer peripheral portion 3 of frame 2 preferably is flat to facilitate a connection thereof which is impervious to housing 11, 13 of the combustion unit 10.
According to a further embodiment, the boundary line 37 extends in a single boundary plane which may be parallel or identical to the plane of the outer peripheral portion 3 of frame 2.
In one embodiment, the rear frame 24 forms a perforated sheet portion 38 which forms the aforesaid rear openings 25 in the shape of a perforation which serves the function of distributing the combustible gas mixture towards diffuser 4 in the desired manner.
The perforated sheet portion 38 may have a shape which is complementary to the shape of the perforated portion of diffuser 4 and extending adjacent to or in direct contact therewith.
Alternatively, the perforated sheet portion 38 may have a shape which is non-complementary to the shape of the perforated portion of diffuser 4.
In one embodiment, diffuser 4 forms a fold 39, extending along the boundary line 37, which forms a separation line between the combustion surface 5 and an outer edge 40 of diffuser 4, which is sandwiched between the front frame 20 and the rear frame 24.
The front frame 20, diffuser 4 and the rear frame 24 are mutually connected to one another so as to form a preassembled, self-supporting frame-diffuser unit which may be transported, stored and mounted in the combustion unit 10 as a single piece.
Burner 6 may be made by means of the following steps:

A1) forming a front frame 20 in a single piece of sheet metal with a front opening 22 delimited along a boundary line 37,
A2) forming a rear frame 24 in a single piece of sheet metal different from the front frame 20 and with one or more rear openings 25,
A3) sandwiching a diffuser 4 between the front 20 and rear 24 frames,
B) connecting the front 20 and rear 24 frames together by mechanical fastening without welding (for example, by means of tox-clinching) in a plurality of mutually spaced discrete connection positions 26,
C) before connecting the front 20 and rear 24 frames together, extending diffuser 4 at least partially around the connection positions 26 and forming recesses 27 in diffuser 4 at the connection positions 26, so that the mechanical fastening without welding (e.g. tox-clinching) involves only the two sheet metals of the front 20 and rear 24 frames, but not also diffuser 4.

The combustion unit 10 may be made by means of the following steps:

preparing the first housing part 11,
preparing the second housing part 13,
fastening burner 1 by means of frame 2 thereof between the first housing part 11 and the second housing part 13.

The further features of the method were already described with reference to the structure of burner 1 and are not repeated here for brevity of description.

Claims

Burner (1) comprising:
- a front frame (20) of sheet metal forming a front opening (22),

- a rear frame (24) of sheet metal different from the front frame (20) and forming one or more rear openings (25) overlapped with the front opening (22) of the front frame (20),

- a diffuser (4) sandwiched and retained between the front (20) and rear (24) frames,
wherein the front (20) and rear (24) frames are connected to each other by mechanical fastening without welding in a plurality of mutually spaced discrete connection positions (26), wherein the diffuser (4) extends at least partially around the connection positions (26) and has recesses (27) at the connection positions (26), so that the mechanical fastening without welding involves only the two sheet metals of the front (20) and rear (24) frames, but not also the diffuser (4).
Burner (1) according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the front (20) and rear (24) frames forms reliefs (28) at the recesses (27) of the diffuser (4), said reliefs (28) having a shape at least partly complementary with the shape of recesses (27) for an engagement thereof with certain mutual positioning.
Burner (1) according to claim 2, wherein the reliefs (28) are bosses formed by pressing and having such a shape as to fill the corresponding recesses (27).
Burner (1) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the reliefs (28) have an outline complementary to the shape of the outline of the recesses (27).
Burner (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein:
- the distance (29) of the edge of the recess (27) of the sheet metal of the diffuser (4) from the connection position (26) is greater than three fourths of the diameter of the connection position and smaller than 3 times the diameter of the connection position, or

- the distance (29) of the edge of the recess (27) of the sheet metal of the diffuser (4) from the connection position (26) is equal to or greater than the diameter of the connection position and 1.5 times smaller than the diameter of the connection position (26).
Burner (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the reliefs (28) are substantially planar and delimited by a peripheral edge thereof (31) shaped as a step.
Burner (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a peripheral edge (31) of the reliefs (28), as well as a peripheral edge (32) of the recesses (27) extends as a circular arc concentric to the connection position (26).
Burner (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection positions (26) are arranged along two straight connection lines (33) parallel to the longitudinal direction (6) and arranged on two opposite sides of the combustion surface (5),
wherein along each connection line (33) at least three connection positions (26) are arranged, or from 3 to 6 connection positions (26), or 5 connection positions (26).
Burner (1) according to claim 8, being free from connection positions (26) outside the two connection lines (33).
Burner (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein:
- the diffuser (4) is of perforated sheet metal and forms a combustion surface (5) surrounded by one of the front or rear frames,

- the combustion surface (5) has an extension in a longitudinal direction (6) and an extension in a transverse direction (7), orthogonal to the longitudinal direction (6), wherein the extension of the combustion surface (5) in the transverse direction (7) is smaller than the extension of the combustion surface (5) in the longitudinal direction (6),

- at the combustion surface (5), the diffuser (4) forms a plurality of segments (8) of perforated sheet, mutually separated by through separation slits (9),

- the through separation slits (9) extend in the transverse direction (7) by at least half or at least three quarters of the extension of the combustion surface (5) in the transverse direction (7).
Burner (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising two closing portions (18) of sheet metal extending outside the plane of the frame (2) and close longitudinal end spaces (19) between the combustion surface (5) and the frame (2).
Burner (1) according to claim 11, wherein the closing portions (18) are impervious to the passage of gas.
Method for manufacturing a burner (1), comprising:
A1) forming a front frame (20) in a single piece of sheet metal with a front opening (22) delimited along a boundary line (37),

A2) forming a rear frame (24) in a single piece of sheet metal different from the front frame (20) and with one or more rear openings (25),

A3) sandwiching a diffuser (4) between the front (20) and rear (24) frames,

B) connecting the front (20) and rear (24) frames together by mechanical fastening without welding in a plurality of mutually spaced discrete connection positions (26),

C) before connecting the front (20) and rear (24) frames together, extending the diffuser (4) at least partially around the connection positions (26) and forming recesses (27) in the diffuser (4) at the connection positions (26), so that the mechanical fastening without welding involves only the two metal sheets of the front (20) and rear (24) frames, but not also the diffuser (4).