EP3397383A1 - Nanometer-size zeolitic particles and method for the production thereof - Google Patents
Nanometer-size zeolitic particles and method for the production thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP3397383A1 EP3397383A1 EP16831571.1A EP16831571A EP3397383A1 EP 3397383 A1 EP3397383 A1 EP 3397383A1 EP 16831571 A EP16831571 A EP 16831571A EP 3397383 A1 EP3397383 A1 EP 3397383A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- zeolitic
- starting
- zeolite
- pores
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 338
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 84
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001644893 Entandrophragma utile Species 0.000 claims 1
- 101000650578 Salmonella phage P22 Regulatory protein C3 Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 101001040920 Triticum aestivum Alpha-amylase inhibitor 0.28 Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 44
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 34
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- -1 ammonium cations Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC LPSKDVINWQNWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 10
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002356 laser light scattering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013335 mesoporous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004375 physisorption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2154-56-5 Chemical compound [CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 SLRMQYXOBQWXCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017090 AlO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003930 SiCb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [C]1=CC=CC=C1 CIUQDSCDWFSTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XFBXDGLHUSUNMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;hydrate Chemical class O.[AlH3] XFBXDGLHUSUNMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azepane Chemical compound C1CCCNCC1 ZSIQJIWKELUFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007324 demetalation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010399 physical interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012987 post-synthetic modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010414 supernatant solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001757 thermogravimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl borate Chemical compound CCOB(OCC)OCC AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
- B01J29/42—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/44—Noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
- B01J20/28007—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size with size in the range 1-100 nanometers, e.g. nanosized particles, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanowires or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28016—Particle form
- B01J20/28019—Spherical, ellipsoidal or cylindrical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Definitions
- the invention relates to linear nanometer-sized materials and to methods of making zeolitic nanometer-sized materials.
- Zeolites or zeolite-like materials are among the most important catalytic materials in the petroleum processing and petrochemical industry [Marcilly et al. Oil & Gas Science and Technology, 56 (2001) 499; Primo et al., Chem. Soc. Rev. (2014) DOI: 10.1039 / C3CS60394F].
- the widespread use of zeolites as catalysts in the production of various products is largely due to their adjustable acidity and perfectly structured micropores [Martinez et al. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 255 (201 1) 1580].
- the presence of micropores of diameters of the order of molecules leads to excellent shape selectivity in various zeolite catalyzed processes [Martinez et al.
- nanozeolites can shorten the transport routes for molecules in the crystals and thus significantly accelerate the transport processes. This improves both the performance and service life of the zeolites in different reactions.
- nanozeolites have an increased outer surface, which increases the number of surface atoms and thus allows the implementation of larger molecules [Mintova et. AL, Nanoscale, 5 (2013) 6693].
- several methods for the production of nano-zeohthene have been reported in the literature [Mintova et. al., Nanoscale. 5 (2013) 6693; Valtchev et. al. Chem.
- nanozeolites are divided into template-free and template-based methods.
- template-free methods no organic molecules are required for the entire process. They thus represent the most favorable and ecological variant of all processes for the production of nano-zeolites.
- these processes are only suitable for the preparation.
- Nanozeolites with a higher content of aluminum On the other hand, nanozeolites with a lower aluminum content are of immense importance for catalysis.
- the use of organic molecules (templates) is indispensable for the production of aluminum-free or low-energy nano-zeolites, and template-based methods have become very important here.
- the organic compounds used in such processes typically perform three functions: (i) source of alkalinity, (ii) template, and (iii) stabilizers to minimize agglomeration of nanoparticles.
- this requires large amounts of template. Due to the higher consumption of templates in conventional synthesis processes, these processes are much more expensive and non-organic, making their use in industrial production more difficult.
- the separation of nanozeolites from the synthesis mixture is very difficult, the maximum achievable yield of nanozeolites very low (below 60% by weight) and the removal of the template after the synthesis of nanozeolites very difficult.
- a further object of the invention was to provide a method which makes it possible to provide a zeolite material and / or zeolite-alkaline material with nanometer dimensions in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
- the present invention according to a first aspect provides a particulate material umiässt zeolite particles having a crystalline structure, the main component of a zeolite material having a Si, O and optionally AI zeolitic skeleton structure and / or a zeolite-like material having a zeolitic skeleton structure, which is formed not only of Si, O and optionally AI, characterized in that the zeolitic particles are present as substantially spherical particles with nanometer dimensions.
- the particulate material according to the invention can be produced by means of a very simple method.
- the nanodimensions of the material of the present invention can shorten the transport path length of molecules and thus provide excellent diffusion properties and strong resistance to the formation of coke in various catalytic reactions. Therefore, the nanozeolites of the present invention are useful e.g. as catalysts in petroleum processing, for the transformation of hydrocarbons, for example in redox reactions, rearrangements and condensation reactions.
- the materials of the present invention can be used in separation technology, in the production of core-sheath materials by encapsulation of metals (eg, catalysts), in the production of membranes and composite materials, as well as carriers for the immobilization of various macromolecules (eg, enzymes. Dyes).
- a process for producing a particulate material comprising zeolitic particles of crystalline structure comprising as a main component a zeolite material having a zeolitic skeleton structure formed from Si, O and optionally Al and / or zeolitic zeolitic material Scaffold structure, which is formed not only of Si, O and optionally AI, wherein the zeolitic particles are present as particles with nanometer dimensions.
- the method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- step b) converting the starting material obtained in step b), which comprises the porous starting particles with the organic compound in the pores, by heating the starting material in contact with water vapor, so that zeolitic particles are formed with a crystalline structure containing as a main component a zeolite material with a from zeolitic scaffold structure formed from Si, O and optionally AI and / or a zeolite-like material having a zeolitic skeleton structure, which is formed not only from Si, O and optionally AI, wherein the zeolitic particles as particles with nanometer dimensions, preferably as substantially spherical Particles with nanometer dimensions, are present.
- the inventive method is simple, ecological and fast to carry out. It does not require large amounts of template and high alkalinity, and requires little washing solution and fewer washes to recover the nanoparticles.
- the particulate material according to the invention or produced according to the invention comprises zeolitic particles having a crystalline structure comprising as main component a zeolite material having a zeolitic skeleton structure formed from Si, ö and optionally Al and / or a zeolite-like material having a zeolitic skeleton structure not only consisting of Si, O. and optionally AI is formed.
- Such particles are also referred to for brevity as "zeolitic particles.”
- the particulate material according to the invention may comprise other components in addition to the zeolitic particles, but it may also consist exclusively of the zeolitic particles Typically, the zeolitic particles form the main component of the particulate material , and do preferably 70% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more, especially 100% by weight. based on the total weight of the particulate material.
- the crystalline structure of the zeolitic particles is provided in particular by the zeolitic skeleton structure.
- the zeolitic particles having a crystalline structure can be, for example, particles in which the zeolite framework structure forms a uniform crystalline phase in the sense of a single crystal, or particles in which the zeolite framework structure forms a polycrystalline phase.
- the zeolitic particles contain, as the main component, a zeolite material and / or a zeolite-like material, i. either the zeolite material, or the zeolite-like material, or both together, form the major component of the zeolitic particles.
- a zeolite material as the main component.
- the major component is that component which accounts for the largest proportion of the total weight of zeolitic particles.
- the zeolitic particles contain the zeolite material, the zeolite-like material, or the sum of both, in an amount of 60% by weight or more, more preferably 70% by weight or more, based on the total weight of the zeolitic particles , and discussed below, other components of the zeolitic particles, for example Guest molecules or guest atoms that are included in the Zeoithite Gerüslstruklur.
- the zeolite aterial and zeolite-like material of the zeolitic particles have a zeolite skeleton structure.
- Such framework structures are known to the person skilled in the art. They have channels and / or cages. which are suitable, for example, for the storage of guest molecules.
- zeolite material is typically referred to a material having a zeolitic skeleton structure, which is formed from Si, O and possibly Al. Silicon atoms (Si), oxygen atoms (O) and optionally aluminum atoms (AI) are typically the only elements that make up the zeolitic framework structure in the zeolite material.
- zeolite-like material a material is referred to which also has a zeolite framework structure, but not only of Si, O and possibly A! is formed. Rather, besides Si, O and possibly AI, other elements may be involved in the assembly of the framework structure. These are typically elements that are capable of forming an oxide network and may be in tetrahedral coordination (also referred to herein as a "network-forming element " ). Typical network-forming elements which are suitable in addition to Si and, if appropriate, Al for providing a zeolitic framework material are other elements of the 3, 4 and 5 main group of the Periodic Table (Groups 13, 14 and 15 according to current IUPAC classification). Examples are one or more elements selected from P, B, Ti and Ga.
- the zeolitic skeleton structure of a zeolite-like material is formed of Si, O, optionally Al, and one or more elements selected from P, B, Ti and Ga ,
- zeolite materials and zeolite-like materials are also referred to by the common generic term "zeolitic materials".
- the framework structure of zeolitic materials is formed by tetrahedral repeat units linked by common oxygen atoms.
- an atom T is surrounded by four oxygen atoms, so that the basic units also have the formula T0 2 .
- T denotes an element capable of forming an oxidic network and being able to be in tetrahedral coordination (also referred to herein as a "network-forming element").
- Typical network-forming elements, the oxides of which are useful for providing olefinic structures are elements of Groups 3, 4 and 5 of the Periodic Table (Groups 13, 14 and 15 according to current IUPAC classification).
- Examples are one or more elements selected from Si, Al. P, B, Ti, or Ga. If trivalent atoms T occur in the framework structure in the form of linked tetrahedra T0 2 , such as Al, B or Ti, they carry a negative formal charge. This charge is usually balanced by the presence of cations, whereby cations of one type or cations of different types can be used.
- the zeolitic framework structure in the zeolitic material of the particles is composed of tetrahedral SiC units, wherein silicon atoms in the framework structure may be replaced by one or more other network-derived elements selected from elements of main groups 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table.
- the other network-forming elements are one or more elements selected from boron, aluminum. Phosphorus and titanium.
- the zeolitic skeleton structure is composed of tetrahedral Si () 2 units, wherein silicon atoms in the skeleton structure may be replaced by aluminum, or it is composed exclusively of SiGv units.
- not more than 30%, preferably not more than 20%, and more preferably not more than 10% of all silicon atoms in the zeolitic framework are replaced by other elements.
- the percentage refers to the number of all network-forming atoms, and therefore of all tetrahedrally coordinated positions in the zeolitic framework structure, as 100%.
- the cations for charge balance are preferably selected from alkali. Alkaline earth or ammonium cations.
- a characteristic feature of zeolites or a zeolitic material is the mobility or exchangeability of the cations.
- the zeolitic Geröst für in the zeolitic material of the particles is preferably linked Si0 2 tetrahedra (also referred to as S1O 4/2) or by linked Si0 2 and A10 2 (also referred to as Si0 4/2 and 4/2 AIO) Tetrahedron formed.
- Si0 2 tetrahedra also referred to as S1O 4/2
- linked Si0 2 and A10 2 also referred to as Si0 4/2 and 4/2 AIO
- the framework structure be the SiO 2 and AlO 3 tetrahedra , or only of SiO 2 tetrahedrons.
- the structure of a Zeoiithmateriais with such a zeolite framework can be represented by the formula M / n [(A10 2 ) x (Si0 2 ) y ] or ⁇ Z H 2 0 are reproduced.
- M is one or more types of cations having the valence or charge n (eg, alkali and / or alkaline earth cations such that n is typically 1 or 2, and in the presence of alkali and alkaline earth cations, also values between 1 and 2 2)
- z H 2 O represents water molecules that may be adsorbed in the pores of the zeolite backbone.
- the variables x and y represent the proportion of the neutral Si0 2 tetrahedra, and the negatively charged AlO: - tetrahedron.
- the zeolitic material of the particles of the present invention is a high silicate zeolitic material.
- the molar ratio Si / Al (and especially the ratio y / x in the above formula) is preferably at least 3.5, more preferably at least 10, and especially at least 15.
- x may also be 0 for such a highly silicatic material.
- the preferred highly siliceous zeolitic materials are characterized in that the molar ratio of the tetrahedrally coordinated Si atoms to the sum of the other optionally present tetrahedrally coordinated network-forming atoms, such as boron, aluminum, phosphorus or titanium in the zeolitic framework preferably at least 3.5 , more preferably at least 10, and especially at least 15.
- W r he is familiar to the expert, zeolites form depending on the choice of the framework components and the synthesis conditions, characteristic framework structures, are established for the particular type designations.
- Zcolith materials. which are preferably contained in the zeolitic particles are, as mentioned above, in particular the so-called highly silicate zeolites.
- Preferred zeolite types which belong to this class of zeolites and which form a preferred skeletal structure in the zeolitic particles in the context of the invention are in particular those of MF1-. BFA, MOR. FER, MWW. MTW, DDR, CF1A, AEi or MEL structure type. Particular preference is given to zeolites of the MFI and BEA type.
- the zeolitic particles of the particulate material of the invention may each contain more than one zeolite material and / or zeolite-like material, eg, two different zeolite materials, two different zeolite-containing materials, or a zeolite material and a zeolite-like material may be combined in one zeolitic particle.
- the material according to the invention may also contain different zeolitic particles, each containing a single zeolite material and / or zeolite-like material, but differing from each other in the nature of the zeolite material contained and / or zeolite-like material.
- the zeolitic material of the present invention typically has a microporous framework structure. As is characteristic of zeolitic structures, the micropores of the framework structure form a pore system of interconnected micropores.
- micropores pores having a pore diameter dp to ⁇ 2 nm are referred to as micropores, pores having a diameter dp of from 2 to 50 nm as mesopores and pores having a diameter of more than 50 nm as macropores) [Haber et al. IUPAC, Pure and Appl. Chem., 63 (1991) 1227].
- the pore diameters can be determined for example for micro- and mesopores by means of sorption by means of gases. For the analysis of the pore diameter and the pore size distribution of micropores and mesopores, as stated here, such a gas adsorption process was used.
- the pore structure and pore size of the micropores are largely dictated by the zeolite type or composition of the zeolitic material that forms the zeolitic framework structure. As is known to those skilled in the art, these in turn are influenced by the chemical composition of the oxides used in the preparation, the preparation conditions and optionally the use of an organic compound as a template.
- the particle size and geometry of the particles according to the invention can be determined by the preparation process described in detail below, and e.g. be adjusted by the geometry and in particular the size of the oxide particles used therein.
- particles with nanometer dimensions particles are referred to in the present case whose particle size is less than 1 ⁇ .
- the zeolitic particles in the particulate material according to the invention are present as essentially spherical particles with nanometer dimensions, ie the particulate material according to the invention essentially or exclusively contains zeolitic particles which have a substantially spherical shape and contains essentially or exclusively zeolitic particles whose particle size is less than 1 ⁇ .
- the particulate material according to the invention essentially or exclusively contains zeolitic particles which have a substantially spherical shape and contains essentially or exclusively zeolitic particles whose particle size is less than 1 ⁇ .
- at least 90% of all present in the inventive particulate material meet zeolitic particles, based on the total number of zeolitic particles, more preferably at least 95%, and most preferably all zeolitic particles present these two requirements.
- the particle size and particle size distribution may be within the scope of the invention e.g. from electron micrographs, such as SEM images, of the particulate material, or by laser light scattering, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS). Details of the particles of large distribution are preferably made on the basis of a size determination by laser light scattering, in particular DLS.
- the particles for this purpose can be dispersed in water or aqueous systems.
- the substantially spherical shape may be understood by those skilled in the art, e.g. on electron micrographs, images such as SEM images of the particulate material can be detected.
- particles in which the ratio of the longest diameter to the shortest diameter is less than 1.5, preferably less than 1, 2, and more preferably less than 1.1, are referred to as "substantially spherical.”
- At least 90% of all zeolitic particles by particle number have a particle size of 500 nm or less, more preferably 200 nm or less, and even more preferably 150 nm or less.
- At least 90% of all zeolitic particles preferably have a particle size of 20 nm or more, more preferably 50 nm or more, and most preferably 70 nm or more, based on the number of particles.
- the particulate material according to the invention preferably at least 90% of all zeolitic particles present in the material, based on the total number of zeolitic particles, more preferably at least 95%, and most preferably all zeolitic particles present, have these preferred or more preferred particle sizes.
- the particle size distribution of the zeolitic particles has a single peak.
- Zeolite particles which have a very low degree of aggregation or no aggregation of the zeolitic primary particles can in particular be provided by means of the process according to the invention described below. Therefore, less than 20% of the zeolitic particles in the particulate material according to the invention, more preferably less than 10% of the zeolitic particles, are preferably fused together to form aggregates. The percentages are based on the number of corresponding particles, based on the total number of zeolitic particles. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, a particulate material free of zeolitic particles fused together to form aggregates can be provided. The relative number of aggregate-grown particles can be e.g. With the help of electron micrographs, such as SEM images, the zeolitic particles are determined.
- the zeolitic particles may comprise other components in addition to the zeolitic framework structure.
- one or more metal-containing components may be included in the zeolitic particles that are not involved in the construction of the zeolitic framework.
- such metal-containing components have no covalent bonds to the zeolite framework.
- such a metal-containing component may be included in the zeolitic framework structure.
- the metal-containing component can be present, for example, as a guest atom or as a guest molecule in the zeolitic framework.
- the inclusion of the metal-containing component may be reversible, ie it may be removed from it without replacement of the zeolitic framework or replaced with another metal-containing component, or it may be irreversible.
- the zeolitic particles are polycrystalline particles, then a metal-containing component can also be incorporated into such polycrystalline particles in the intercrystalline region.
- metal-containing components may be mentioned metal atoms, metal salts, metal cations or metal complexes.
- metals which may form or may be contained in the metal-containing component are Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Ce, or noble metals such as Rh, Pt, Pd, Au, or Ag. Combinations of two or more metal-containing components can also be used.
- the particulate material according to the invention can be used in various forms. It may, for example, be present in the form of a disordered, typically loose powder of individual particles or of secondary particles formed therefrom and also be used. Such secondary particles are typically agglomerates of particles in which the particles are not fused together but merely adhere to one another by physical interactions.
- the zeolitic particles can also be present as shaped bodies. e.g. as an extruded, pelleted or tableted Fomi body.
- suitable binders may be used to ensure dimensional stability.
- Another possibility is to apply the zeolitic particles in the form of a layer, typically a thin layer, with a layer thickness of at least 0.1 ⁇ to a suitable support, or they are e.g. with the help of a binder to form a Seibsttragendenden membrane.
- the particulate material according to the invention is suitable for a large number of applications, for example those described in the introduction for zeolites and zeolite-like materials. Typical applications are the use as a catalyst in heterogeneously catalyzed processes, especially in the refining of petroleum or petroleum components. By way of example, cracking, chilling, or reforming can be mentioned here.
- the particulate material can also generally be used for the transformation of hydrocarbons, for example in redox reactions, rearrangements or condensation reactions.
- the materials according to the invention can also be used in the chemical conversion and use of biomass or in the targeted degradation of macromolecular, carbon-based materials as catalysts be used.
- the materials according to the invention are suitable for the production of membranes or composite materials, or as carriers for the immobilization of various macromolecules, such as enzymes or dyes, as well as for sensors or components of sensors.
- a process for producing a particulate material which converts zeolitic particles having a crystalline structure containing as a main component a zeolite material having a zeolitic skeleton structure formed from Si, O and optionally Al and / or a zeolite-like material having a zeolitic skeleton structure which is not formed only of Si, O and optionally Al, the zeolitic particles being particles nanometer dimensions, and wherein the method comprises the following steps:
- a starting material comprising porous (preferably mesoporous) starting particles of at least one oxide capable of forming a zeolite material having a zeolitic skeleton structure or a zeolite-like material having a zeolitic skeleton structure;
- step b) converting the starting material obtained in step b), which comprises the porous starting particles with the organic compound in the pores, by heating the starting material in contact with water vapor, so that the zeolitic particles are formed.
- the particulate material produced by the method of the present invention is the particulate material described in detail above in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention wherein the zeolitic particles are present as substantially spherical nanometer-sized particles. Therefore All statements made above concerning the particulate material according to the invention and the zeolitic particles contained therein apply equally to the particulate material and the zeolitic particles contained therein, which can be provided according to preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention.
- the porous starting particles provided in the starting material in step a) can be composed of one or more oxides. Suitable are oxides of elements which can form into a zeolitic skeleton structure of a zeolite material or a zcolite-like material.
- typical elements whose oxides may form a zeolitic skeleton structure are those elements capable of forming an oxide network and capable of being in tetrahedral coordination (also referred to herein as "network-forming elements.")
- Preferred network-forming elements Oxides for providing the porous starting particles are suitable for the process according to the invention are elements of the 3, 4 and 5 main group of the Periodic Table (Groups 13, 14 and 15 according to current IUPAC classification) Examples are one or more elements selected from Si, Al, P, B, Ti, or Ga.
- porous starting particles which are composed of one or more oxides of the abovementioned elements are preferably used in the process. More preferred are porous starting particles which are composed of silicon oxide, optionally in combination with an oxide of a or more elements selected from Al, P. B, Ti. or Ga, or particles composed of silica and alumina, optionally in combination with an oxide of one or more elements selected from P, B, Ti, or Ga, particularly preferred are porous starting particles composed of silica or silica and Aluminum oxide are constructed.
- the content of silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) in the porous starting particles is preferably at least 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the particles.
- the molar ratio of Si to Al is preferably at least 3.5, more preferably at least 10, and especially at least 15.
- the porous starting particles are usually amorphous.
- the starting particles or oxide particles used in step a) are porous. They usually have pore diameters, eg determined by sorption measurements with gases, from 1 to 50 nm. Preferably, they are mesoporous, ie, with pore diameters of 2-50 nm. More preferably, the pore diameter is 2-30 nm, even more preferably 2-1 nm, and more preferably 3-6 nm. It is further preferred that at least 80% of all pores, based on the number of pores, particularly preferably at least 90% of all pores, most preferably all pores, have these diameters or preferred diameters. A defined arrangement of the pores is not necessary, typically there is no superposition of the pores.
- the starting particles are amorphous mesoporous particles.
- porous starting particles having a uniform composition or combinations of porous starting particles having more than one composition can be used.
- the porous starting particles preferably have a particle size between 50 nm and 2000 nm, more preferably between 100 nm and 1000 nm and in particular from 200 nm to 800 nm. by means of electron micrographs, such as SEM images, or by laser light scattering, such as dynamic light scattering (DLS). Information on the particle size distribution is preferably made on the basis of a size determination by laser light scattering, in particular DLS.
- the particles for this purpose can be dispersed in water or aqueous systems.
- At least 90% of all starting porous particles present in the starting material more preferably at least 95%, and most preferably all porous starting particles present, have these preferred particle sizes, based on the total number of porous starting particles.
- the porous starting particles of the starting material are preferably essentially spherical particles.
- the substantially spherical shape can typically be detected from electron-micrograph images, such as SEM images, of the zeolitic particles.
- Being "essentially spherical" in particular particles in which the ratio of the longest diameter to the shortest diameter is less than 1.5, preferably less than 1.2. and more preferably less than 1.1.
- the porous starting particles are spherical particles.
- the starting particles are substantially spherical amorphous mesoporous particles.
- the pore volume of the pores having a diameter of 1 to 50 nm in the porous starting particles of the starting material is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 2.0 ml / g, based on the weight of the porous starting particles ,
- the porous starting particles of the starting material are conveniently accessible, for example, by the Stöber method, in which a silicon source, typically a silicic acid ester such as e.g. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is hydrolyzed and condensed in a mixture of water, ammonia, an alcohol such as ethanol and a surfactant.
- a silicon source typically a silicic acid ester such as e.g. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)
- TEOS Tetraethyl orthosilicate
- step b) of the process according to the invention a solution or dispersion of an organic compound which can act as a template for the synthesis of a zeolitic skeleton structure is introduced into the pores of the porous starting particles. Subsequently, the solvent of the solution or dispersion is completely or partially removed, so that the organic compound remains in the pores of the porous starting particles.
- Suitable organic compounds also referred to as organic templates or as structure-directing substances, are known to the person skilled in the art. It is about usually to alcohols, phosphorus compounds or amines, preferably to tetraorganoammonium cations or Tetraoorganopbosphoni to cations, which are typically used in the form of their salts, such as halide or hydroxides.
- they are tetraorganoammonium cations or tetraoorganophosphonium cations bearing four hydrocarbon radicals, especially hydrocarbon radicals independently selected from alkyl radicals, aryl radicals and alkaryl radicals.
- the alkyl radicals are preferably C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radicals.
- the aryl radical the phenyl radical is preferred, and the alkaryl radical is the benzyl radical.
- the tetraethylammonium cation in the form of tetramethylammonium hydroxide, the tetraethylammonium cation, e.g. in the form of tetraethylammonium hydroxide, the tetrapropylammonium cation, e.g. in the form of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, the tetrabutylammonium cation, or the triethylmethylammonium cation.
- Further preferred examples are the tetrahydrofinylation, the triphenylbenzylphosphonium cation or the trimethylbenzylammonium cation.
- Besides, e.g. also primary, secondary or cyclic amines (such as piperidine), imines (such as hexamethyleneimine) or alcohols can be used as organic Ternplat.
- the organic compound is introduced into the pores of the porous starting particles in the form of a solution or a dispersion, for example in water as solvent.
- the particles can be immersed, for example, in the solution or dispersion or suspended therein.
- the organic compound is preferably introduced in the form of a solution, for example in water as solvent, into the pores of the porous starting particles.
- the introduction of the solution or dispersion in step b) preferably takes place in such a way that the solution or dispersion penetrates into all the pores with a diameter of 1 nm or larger, which are open to the particle surface, of the porous starting particles of the starting material.
- the solution or dispersion in step b) is contacted with the porous starting particles for a sufficient period of time, and / or it may be, e.g. by the concentration of the organic compound or the selection of the solvent, the viscosity of the solution or dispersion in step b) are suitably adjusted.
- the solvent is completely or partially removed, typically by evaporation or evaporation, preferably assisted by heating.
- water is used as solvent and removed at temperatures below 100 ° C, preferably between room temperature and 70 ° C.
- more than 90 wt.% Of the solvent used preferably more than 95 wt.% Of the used Solvent, and more preferably more than 98 wt.% Of the solvent used, based on the total weight of the solvent in the solution or dispersion used, removed.
- the introduction of the solution or dispersion and the removal of the solvent are preferably carried out such that, after carrying out step b), the organic compound is also present in pores in the center of the porous particles.
- Preferred proportions of the organic compound to the oxide in the porous starting particles after removal of the solvent in step b), expressed as the molar amount of the organic compound present in the pores of the porous starting particles, the molar amount of the atoms of the element present as an oxide or Elements such as Si and optionally Al are preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.50, preferably 0.05 to 0.30, more preferably 0.08 to 0.20 and most preferably 0.10 to 0. *** " , 16th
- the amount of the organic compound present in the pores of the porous starting particles can be determined, for example, by means of the thermoadimetric method.
- the filling degree of the pores having a diameter of 1 nm or larger in the porous starting particles obtained after removing the solvent in step b) with the organic compound defined as the quotient of the volume of the organic compound contained in the pores and the pore volume of the pores a diameter of 1 nm or larger, is preferably 50 to 100%.
- the pore volume can be determined by gas adsorption measurements.
- the volume of the organic compound contained in the pores can be determined, for example, by determining the weight of the organic compound contained in the pores by means of thermogravimetry, and calculating the corresponding volume by means of the molar volume of the organic compound.
- the starting material may additionally contain, prior to conversion in step c), a precursor compound of one or more other network-forming element oxides selected from one or more Elements of the main group 3, 4 and 5 of the Periodic Table, be added.
- the precursor compound is selected from a precursor compound of an alumina. a titanium oxide, a phosphorus oxide or a boron oxide, or combinations of such precursor compounds.
- the precursor compound is one of ordinary skill in the art, for example salts, including a hydroxide, alkoxides or Mctailate, which can be converted into oxides under the influence of heat and / or moisture.
- the precursor compound is an aluminum compound, a titanium compound, a phosphorus compound or a boron compound, or a combination of two or more thereof.
- Exemplary aluminum compounds useful as precursor compounds aluminum salts such as aluminum nitrate, aluminates such as e.g. Alkali aluminates, aluminum alkanoates such as e.g. Aluminum triisopropylai, or aluminum hydrates, e.g. Aluminum trihydrate.
- Exemplary titanium compounds are titanium salts, titanates, titanium tetraethanolate, titanium ethoxy compounds such as titanium isopropoxide.
- Exemplary phosphorus compounds are phosphates, and phosphoric acid esters.
- Exemplary boron compounds are boric acid, borates or boric acid esters, e.g. Triethyl borate or trimethyl borate.
- the precursor compound may precede the porous source particles. during or after the introduction of the organic compound (organic tempiate) into the pores. It is preferred to add them after introduction of the organic Tempiats.
- the addition of the precursor compound is typically in the form of a solution or a dispersion, preferably in water as a solvent. After addition of the solution or dispersion, the solvent, e.g. be removed by evaporation, in whole or in part.
- the amount ratio of the precursor compound to the oxide in the starting porous particles is in molar amount of the atoms of the element (s) selected from one or more elements of the main group 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table to the molar amount of the periodic table Atoms of the element present in the oxide in the porous starting particles, typically in a range of max. L preferably less than 0.2, and more preferably less than 0.1.
- max. L preferably less than 0.2, and more preferably less than 0.1.
- the constituents of the starting material before the conversion in step c) are selected so that the zeolitic skeleton structure of zolithic particles formed in the conversion of tetraedri see Si0 2 units is constructed, with up to 30% , preferably up to 20% and more preferably up to 10% of all silicon atoms in the framework structure may be replaced by one or more other network-forming elements selected from elements of main groups 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table.
- the constituents of the starting material before the conversion in step c) are selected such that the zeolitic skeleton structure of zeoüthi particles formed in the conversion of tetrahedral Si0 2 units is constructed, wherein up to 30%, preferably up to 20% and more preferably up to 10% of all silicon atoms in the framework structure may be replaced by one or more elements selected from boron, aluminum, phosphorus and titanium. Even more preferably, the constituents of the starting material are, prior to the conversion in step c), chosen so that the zeolitic skeleton structure of the zeolitic particles of tetrahedral SiO?
- Units are constructed, wherein up to 30%, preferably up to 20% and more preferably up to 10% of all silicon atoms in the skeleton structure can be replaced by aluminum, or so that the zeolitic skeleton structure of the zeolitic particles formed during the conversion of tetrahedral Si0 2 units is constructed.
- the constituents of the starting material are selected before the conversion in step c) such that the zeolitic skeleton structure of the zeolitic particles formed during the transformation is a highly silicate zeolite structure.
- the zeolitic framework structure is a zeolite structure. selected from MFI, BEA, MOR, FER, MWW. MTW, DDR, CHA, AEI or MEL zeolite structure. and more preferably an MFI or BEA
- the starting material may be converted to the starting material prior to the conversion in step c) an additional metal compound is additionally added.
- an additional metal compound is additionally added.
- zeolitic particles containing one or more metal-containing components which are not involved in the construction of the zeolitic framework can be formed.
- Preferred metal compounds include a subgroup or transition metal such as Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, or Ce, or a noble metal such as Rh, Pt, Pd, Au. or Ag.
- Metal compounds can e.g. in the form of a salt of a corresponding metal cation or in the form of a complex compound of a corresponding metal. They can be used, for example, as solutions (preferably aqueous or alcoholic) or suspensions.
- a metal compound is introduced into the pores of the porous starting particles of the starting material.
- the metal compound may additionally be contained in the solution or dispersion of the organic compound introduced in step b).
- a metal compound in addition to the solution or dispersion of the organic compound via a further solution, can be introduced in parallel or sequentially into the pores of the porous starting particles of the starting material.
- the starting material Before the conversion in step c), the starting material may be, for example, in the form of a powder, but also in the form of a shaped body, for example obtainable by tabletting. Spray drying or extrusion, as a supported layer or as a self-supporting membrane.
- the starting material obtained in step b), which comprises the porous starting particles with the organic compound in the pores is converted by heating the starting material into contact with water vapor, so that the zeolitic particles are formed.
- step c) can be carried out, for example, by introducing the starting material into an autoclave which contains water which, when heated, at least partially passes into the vapor phase. In doing so, the starting material to be converted should not come in contact with liquid water. An additional pressurization is not necessary.
- the starting material in step c) can also be converted under atmospheric pressure in the presence of moist air, for example in a climatic chamber or an oven.
- the temperature in the conversion in step c) is typically between 50 ° C and 250 ° C, but preferably between 60 ° C and 160 ° C and more preferably between 70 ° C and 120 ° C.
- the duration of the conversion in step c) is generally between 1 h (hours) and 5 d (days), but preferably between 1 h and 2 d and particularly preferably between 1 h and 1 d.
- the reaction mixture After the conversion is allowed to cool the reaction mixture usually.
- the product can then be used directly or undergo conventional post-treatment steps, such as washing.
- one of the advantages of the method according to the invention is that the product obtained after washing can be separated by very simple centrifuging and washed with a very small amount of water.
- the resulting zeolitic particles can even be separated by a filtration process.
- a particulate material which comprises zeolite particles having a crystalline structure, the zeolitic particles being present as particles having nanometer dimensions.
- the zeolitic particles are present as particles having nanometer dimensions.
- particles with nanometer dimensions particles are referred to in the present case whose particle size is smaller than 1 ⁇ .
- the zeolitic particles are present as essentially spherical particles with nanometer dimensions.
- the particulate material produced according to the invention essentially or exclusively contains zeolitic particles whose particle size is less than 1 ⁇ m.
- zeolitic particles whose particle size is less than 1 ⁇ m.
- the particle size and the particle size distribution can also be used for the particles produced according to the invention, e.g. electron micrographs are used to determine images such as SEM images of the particulate material or laser light scattering such as dynamic light scattering (DLS).
- Information on the particle size distribution is preferably made on the basis of a size determination by laser light scattering, in particular DLS.
- the particles for this purpose can be dispersed in water.
- substantially spherical shape may be understood by those skilled in the art, e.g. on electron micrographs, such as SEM images, of the particulate material.
- particles are referred to as "substantially spherical" in which the ratio of the longest diameter to the shortest diameter is less than 1.5, preferably less than 1.2 and more preferably less than 1.1 the zeolitic particles in the particulate material produced according to the invention are spherical particles.
- At least 90% of all zeolitic particles have a particle size of 500 nm or less, more preferably 200 nm or less, and even more preferably 150 nm or less, based on the number of particles.
- at least 90% of all zeolitic particles preferably have a particle size of 20 nm or more, more preferably 50 nm or more, and most preferably 70 nm or more, based on the number of particles.
- the particulate material prepared according to the invention preferably at least 90% of all zeolitic particles present in the material, based on the total number of zeolitic particles, more preferably at least 95%, and most preferably all zeolitic particles present, have these preferred or more preferred particle sizes.
- a particulate material in which at least 90% of all zeolitic particles, based on the number of particles, have a particle size of 20 to 500 nm, more preferably 50 to 200 nm, and even more preferably 70 to 150 n.
- the particle size distribution of the zeolitic particles produced according to the invention has a single peak.
- zeolitic particles which have a very low degree of aggregation or no aggregation of the zeolitic primary particles.
- the percentages are based on the number of corresponding particles, based on the total number of zeolitic particles.
- a particulate material free of zeolitic particles fused together to form aggregates can be provided.
- the relative number of particles grown into aggregates can also be determined by means of electron micrographs, such as RI-AI images, of the zeolitic particles.
- the zeolitic particles produced according to the invention may comprise further components in addition to the zeolitic framework structure.
- one or several metal-containing components may be included in the zeolitic particles that are not involved in the construction of the zeolitic framework.
- such metal-containing components have no covalent bonds to the zeolitic framework,
- such a metal-containing component may be included in the zeolitic framework structure.
- the metal-containing component can be present, for example, as a guest atom or as a guest molecule in the zeolitic framework.
- the inclusion of the metal-containing component may be reversible, i. it may be removed therefrom without replacement of the zeolitic framework or replaced by another metal-containing component, or it may be irreversible.
- zeolitic particles are polycrystalline particles, then a metal-containing component can also be incorporated in the intercrystalline region into such polycrystalline particles.
- metal-containing components may be mentioned metal atoms, metal salts, metal cations or metal complexes.
- metals which may form or may be contained in the metal-containing component are Fe, Co, Cu,
- Ni. Ce. or precious metals such as Rh. Pt, Pd, Au, or Ag. Combinations of two or more metal-containing components can also be used.
- the properties of the material produced according to the invention can be optimized by conventional and customary post-synthetic modifications such as demetalation, impregnation, ion exchange or thermal treatment with regard to specific applications.
- Particulate matter comprising zeolitic particles of crystalline structure containing, as a main component, a zeolite material having one of Si, O and optionally Al zeolithic framework structure formed and / or a zeolite-like material having a zeolitic skeleton structure which is formed not only of Si, O and optionally Al, characterized in that the zeolitic particles are present as substantially spherical particles with nanometer dimensions.
- Particulate material according to item 1 characterized in that it comprises zeolitic particles, each containing one or more than one zeolite material and / or zeolite-like material.
- Particulate material according to one of the items 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises zeolitic particles containing one or more metal-containing components which are not involved in the construction of the zeolitic framework.
- Particulate material according to item 3 characterized in that the metal-containing components are included as guest atoms or guest molecules of the zeolitic skeleton structure of the zeolitic particles.
- Particulate material according to one of the items 1 to 5 characterized in that at least 90% of all zeolitic particles, based on the number of particles, have a particle size of 20 nm or more, preferably 50 nm or more, and more preferably 70 nm or more ,
- the zeolitic skeleton structure is composed of tetrahedral SiCVEinnism, wherein up to 30%, preferably up to 20% and more preferably up to 10% of all silicon atoms in the Gertist Modell by one or several other network-forming elements selected from elements of the main groups 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table can be replaced.
- Particulate material according to one of the items 1 to 8, characterized in that the zeolitic skeleton structure of tetrahedral SiO ? - Units is constructed, wherein up to 30%, preferably up to 20% and more preferably up to 10% of all silicon atoms in the framework structure may be replaced by aluminum.
- Particulate material according to one of the items 1 to 8 characterized in that the zeolitic skeleton structure of tetrahedral Si () 2 units is constructed.
- Particulate material according to item 12 characterized in that it is in the highly silicate zeolite structure to an MFI, BEA, MOR. FER. MWW-. MTW, DDR, (TIA, AEI or MEL zeolite structure, preferably an MFI or BEA zeolite structure.
- Particulate material according to one of the items 1 to 16 characterized in that it is free of zeolitic particles which are fused together to form aggregates.
- Particulate material according to one of the items 1 to 16 characterized in that the particle size distribution of the zeolitic particles has a single peak
- a process for producing a particulate material comprising zeolitic particles having a crystalline structure comprising as a main component a zeolite material having a zeolitic skeleton structure formed from Si, O and optionally Al and / or a zcolith-like material having a zeolitic skeletal structure not only consisting of Si , O and optionally Al are formed, wherein the zeolitic particles are present as particles with nanometer dimensions, characterized in that the V experienced comprises the following steps:
- a starting material comprising porous starting particles composed of at least one oxide capable of forming a zeolite material having a zeolitic skeleton structure or a zeolite-like material having a zeolitic skeleton structure;
- step b) converting the starting material obtained in step b), which comprises the porous starting particles with the organic compound in the pores, by heating the starting material in contact with water vapor, so that the zeolitic particles are formed.
- step b) converting the starting material obtained in step b), which comprises the porous starting particles with the organic compound in the pores, by heating the starting material in contact with water vapor, so that the zeolitic particles are formed.
- porous starting particles are nesoporous particles with pore diameters of 2 to 50 nm, preferably 2 to 30 nm.
- the method according to any one of items 18 to 22, in particular point 22, v / obei which it is the particulate material produced by the method is the particulate material according to any one of items 1 to 17.
- step b) porous starting particles, a molar ratio of the organic compound in the pores to the oxide of 0.01 to 0.50, preferably 0.05 to 0.30 , more preferably from 0.08 to 0.20, and more preferably from 0.10 to 0.16.
- step b) The method according to item 26 or 27, wherein the viscosity of the solution or dispersion in step b) is adjusted so that the solution or dispersion penetrates into all open to the particle surface pores having a pore diameter of 1 nm or greater of the porous starting particles of the starting material.
- step b) additionally a metal compound is introduced into the pores of the porous starting particles of the starting material.
- step b) in addition to the solution or dispersion of the organic compound via a further solution in parallel or sequentially a metal salt is introduced into the pores of the porous réellesparti eggis.
- step b The method according to any one of items 18 to 32, characterized in that after carrying out step b), the organic compound is also present in pores in the center of the porous particles.
- the organic compound is a tetraorganoammonium cation or a tetraorganophosphonium cation.
- Method according to one of the items 18 to 37 characterized in that the starting material! before the conversion in step c) additionally one or more precursor compounds of one or more oxides before, network-forming elements selected from elements of the main groups 3, 4 and 5 of the Periodic Table, are added.
- the precursor compound is selected from a precursor compound fertil an alumina, a titanium oxide, a phosphorus oxide and a boron oxide, or combinations of such precursor compounds.
- any one of items 18 to 39 characterized in that the constituents of the starting material before the conversion in step c) are selected so that tetrahedral Si0 2 units is constructed, wherein up to 30%, preferably up to 20% and more preferably up to 10% of all silicon atoms in the framework structure by one or several other network-forming elements selected from elements of the main groups 3, 4 and 5 of the periodic table can be replaced.
- Method according to one of the items 18 to 40 characterized in that the constituents of the starting material before the conversion in step c) are selected so that the zeolitic skeleton structure of the zcolithic particles formed during the conversion is composed of tetrahedral SiC ⁇ units, up to 30%, preferably up to 20% and more preferably up to 10% of all silicon atoms in the framework structure may be replaced by one or more elements selected from boron, aluminum, phosphorus and titanium.
- the method according to item 44 characterized in that the highly silicate zeolite structure is an MFI, BEA, MOR, FER, MWW, MTW, DDR, CHA, AEI or MEL zeolite structure to an MFI or BE ⁇ zeolite structure. is. 46.
- the method according to any one of items 18 to 45 characterized in that at least 90% of all zeolitic particles, based on the number of particles, have a particle size of 500 nm or less, preferably 200 nm or less, and more preferably 150 nm or less.
- Particulate material according to one of the items 18 to 46 characterized in that at least 90% of all zeolitic particles, based on the number of particles, have a particle size of 20 nm or more, preferably 50 nm or more, and more preferably 70 nm or more.
- step c The method according to any one of items 18 to 48, characterized in that the conversion takes place in step c) under atmospheric conditions in contact with moist air.
- step c) by heating the starting material to a temperature of 50 to 250 ° C, preferably from 60 to 160 ° C, more preferably from 70 to 120 ° C. takes place.
- Method according to one of the items 18 to 52 characterized in that the duration of the conversion in step c) is between 1 h and 5 d, preferably between 1 h and 2 d, and particularly preferably between 1 h and 1 d.
- Example 1 (Comparative Example): Preparation of Nanozeoliths According to an Established Method According to Van Grieken [R. Van Grieken et al. in Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Vol. 39 (2000), 135-147]
- the concentrated colloidal solution with a molar composition of Si0 2 : 0.01 1250 Al 2 O 3 : 036 TPAOH: 1 l of LO was transferred to several 50 ml autoclave. Subsequently, all autoclaves were closed and heated to 170 ° C. The subsequent crystallization was carried out at 170 ° C for 48 h in a preheated convection oven. Thereafter, the autoclave was cooled to room temperature with cold water, opened and the synthesis product separated by centrifugation from the supernatant solution and then washed several times with distilled water (pH 8). The drying took place at 75 ° C. overnight.
- Figure 3 shows by way of example an electron microscopic (SEM) image of the resulting MFI crystals.
- SEM electron microscopic
- Example 2 Preparation starting particles: Preparation of mesoporous SiO 2 particles as
- the resulting Si0 2 particles were separated by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm from the synthesis mixture and washed three times with distilled water. Finally, the purified Si (-particles were dried at 75 ° C overnight in air and then calcined at 550 ° C in air atmosphere.
- Porous ALC ⁇ -SiC ⁇ particles as starting materials for the synthesis of zeolitic nanoparticles according to the invention were prepared by a modification of the method of Ahmed et. AI. [Ahmed et. al, Industriai & Engineering Chemistry Research. 49 (2010) 602]. In a typical approach, first 4 g polyvinyl alcohol (PVA Mw of 31-50k, 98 wt% from Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in 105 g deionized water at 80 ° C in a beaker. After about 20 to 30 min.
- PVA Mw polyvinyl alcohol
- I g Si particles (Example 2) were mixed in a Teflon vessel with 1.25 g tetrapropylammonium hydroxide solution (TPAOH, 40% by weight, Clariant) and 5 g deionized water added and stirring continued for 16 h at room temperature has been dried the resulting suspension at 65 ° C in an oven for 6 h.
- TPAOH tetrapropylammonium hydroxide solution
- Clariant 1.25 g tetrapropylammonium hydroxide solution
- 5 g deionized water added and stirring continued for 16 h at room temperature has been dried the resulting suspension at 65 ° C in an oven for 6 h.
- TPAOH tetrapropylammonium hydroxide solution
- Clariant 1.25 g tetrapropylammonium hydroxide solution
- 5 g deionized water added and stirring continued for 16 h at room temperature has been dried the resulting suspension at 65 ° C in an oven for
- Electron micrographs showed that the resulting solid product consists of very small nanometer-sized crystals that have the spherical morphology of the starting mesoporous S1O 2 particles ( Figure 5) and in contrast to the nano-zeolites prepared by the known synthetic method were (Example 1) were not agglomerated.
- X-ray diffraction shows that the product is MFI type high crystallinity zeolite.
- the yield of zeolitic nanoparticles was determined to be more than 80% by weight, based on the weight of the porous starting particles used.
- Figure 10 shows that all mesopores in the mesoporous SiO used as starting material; Particles were converted to zeolitic micropores.
- Figure 15 shows the particle size distribution of the starting particles prepared in Example 2 ("MSP") and the nanoparticles obtained in Example 4 (with an autoclave conversion time of 6 and 12 h respectively) as measured by dynamic dispersion scattering (DLS) Subdivided particles in water and then by means of ultrasonic treatment for about 2 h dispersed. Subsequently, the dispersion obtained was transferred to a cuvette, and the particle size distribution was determined by means of DLS.
- MSP particle size distribution of the starting particles prepared in Example 2
- DLS dynamic dispersion scattering
- Step Example! 5 (according to the invention): Production of aluminum-containing zeolitic nanoparticles
- Example 3 1 g ANO ⁇ - iC - 'l eilchen (Example 3) were mixed in a Teflon vessel with 1, 25 g of tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide solution (TPAOH, 40 wt -.%, Clariant) were mixed and add 5 g of deionized water and further 16 h at Room temperature stirred. Then, the obtained suspension was dried at 65 ° C in an oven for 6 hours. The dried powder was then finely ground, transferred to porcelain dishes and then in 23 ml. Teflon vessels introduced, as shown in Figure 2. Each Teflon insert contained 8 g of water.
- TPAOH tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide solution
- Electron micrographs showed that the resulting solid product consists of very small nanometer-sized crystals, which have the spherical morphology of the starting mesoporous Al 2 O 3 -SiO: -Tei 1 ( Figure 12b) and in contrast to the nanozeoliths, which were prepared by the known synthesis method (Example 1), were not agglomerated.
- X-ray diffraction Figure 1 1 shows that the product is zeolite type MF1 with high crystallinity by determining the yield of zeolitic nanocrystals to more than 80% by weight.
- a Si / Al ratio of 100 was determined ICP-OES measured.
- Example 6 (according to the invention); Preparation of platinum-containing zeolitic nanoparticles (Pt / ZSM-5) Pt / ZSM-5 was prepared from A 1; O. ; - Si (-) (Example 3) was prepared by a 2-melt condensation process and impregnation In the first of the ion exchange steps, 4 g of AbCVSiOi particles were added with 100 g of 0.2 M NaCl This procedure was repeated twice, after which the Na -Al: O - ⁇ -SiO particles were washed three times with deionized water and dried overnight at 75 ° C.
- Na + became against 2+ [Pt (NHY) 4] replaced by 1.75 g of Na + was - Al 2 0 3 -Si0 2 particles with 43 g of 1 mM LPt (NH 3) 4
- the Pt-containing AbC-SiC particles were then washed several times (six times) with deionized water by centrifugation and dried overnight at 75 ° C.
- Electron micrographs ( Figure 14 a and b) showed that the solid product obtained consisted of very small, nanometer-sized crystals, which used the spherical morphology as a mesoporous starting material
- Figure 1 shows an example of a schematic representation of the main steps in the production of zeolitic nanoparticles of the MFI type.
- Figure 2 shows an example of a schematic representation of the various steps and the experimental setup in the preparation of MFI zeolitic nanoparticles.
- FIG. 3 shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the nano-zeolites of the MFI type produced according to Example 1 (comparative example).
- FIG. 4 shows an X-ray diffractogram of the calcined mesoporous silica particles from Example 2.
- Figure 5 shows a scanning electron microscope image of the calcined mesoporous silica particles of Example 2.
- Figure 6 shows the sorbent sorption isotherms (a) and DFT pore size distribution (b) of the calcined mesoporous silica particles of Example 2.
- Figure 7 shows a scanning electron microscope image of the calcined mesoporous silica particles of Example 3.
- FIG. 8 shows an X-ray diffractogram of the calcined mesoporous silica particles from Example 3.
- Example 9 shows a scanning electron micrograph (a) and an X-ray diffraction pattern (b) of the zeolite nanoparticles of the MFI type without aluminum according to Example 4 (according to the invention).
- an R M absorber Figure 5 a produced according to Example 1 (Comparative Example) Nanozeohthen type MFI.
- Figure 10 shows the technology of the calcined mesoporous silica particles and MFI-type zeolite nanoparticles without aluminum according to Example 4, respectively.
- FIG. 1 shows an X-ray diffractogram of the aluminum-containing zeolite nanoparticles of the MFI type from Example 5.
- FIG. 12 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the aluminum-containing mesoporous silica particles from Example 3 (a) and the zeolite nanoparticles of the MFI (b) type from Example 5.
- FIG. 13 shows an X-ray diffractogram of nano-Pt / ZSM-5 from Example 6.
- FIG. 14 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the aluminum-containing mesoporous silica particles from Example 3 (a) and the nano-Pt / ZSM-5 particles (b) from Example 6.
- FIG. 15 shows the particle size distribution of the starting particles ("MSP") prepared in Example 2 and the nanoparticles obtained in Example 4 (with an autoclave immersion time of 6 or 12 h).
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CN113415808B (en) * | 2021-06-13 | 2023-02-28 | 浙江大学 | Method for in-situ synthesis of formed molecular sieve without organic template |
CN115414961B (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-09-08 | 太原大成环能化工技术有限公司 | Preparation method of deethylation type carbon octaarene isomerization catalyst |
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