EP3396012B1 - Method for depositing a protective coating by spraying and corresponding installation - Google Patents

Method for depositing a protective coating by spraying and corresponding installation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3396012B1
EP3396012B1 EP18169178.3A EP18169178A EP3396012B1 EP 3396012 B1 EP3396012 B1 EP 3396012B1 EP 18169178 A EP18169178 A EP 18169178A EP 3396012 B1 EP3396012 B1 EP 3396012B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
annular
spraying
protuberances
face
spray
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EP18169178.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3396012A1 (en
Inventor
Sébastien Philippe Maurice BERTIN
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/28—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with integral means for shielding the discharged liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to limit area of spray; with integral means for catching drips or collecting surplus liquid or other fluent material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/26—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
    • B05B1/262—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors
    • B05B1/267—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors the liquid or other fluent material being deflected in determined directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/01—Selective coating, e.g. pattern coating, without pre-treatment of the material to be coated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of depositing a protective coating by spraying onto annular wipers of a turbomachine drum as well as the corresponding installation.
  • Axisymmetric turbomachine drums are elements of generally tubular shape comprising an axial succession of discs connected to each other by annular rings carrying wipers extending radially outwards.
  • Each disc includes a plurality of cells for holding the feet of the blades, these cells having a profile substantially in dovetail or fir.
  • radial is conventionally understood to be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine, an axis along which the gases flow in the turbomachine.
  • the wipers have a section in the shape of an isosceles trapezium whose top of the wipers corresponds to the small base of the trapezium. Generally, these wipers extend over a small radial distance and their radially external ends are located radially below the external surfaces of the cells.
  • thermal protective coating In order that the wipers are not damaged in operation by high temperatures, it is necessary to cover them, at least in part, with a thermal protective coating.
  • This thermal coating in particular allows abrasion of an abradable material mounted opposite the top of the wipers without the wipers being degraded too much by friction.
  • the groove created in the abradable then forms, with the wipers, a bearing for sealing against fluids.
  • the protective coating is deposited on the upstream and downstream faces of the wipers as well as the top of the wipers by thermal spraying.
  • upstream and downstream are understood according to the direction of flow of the gases in the turbomachine.
  • the thermal spray generates a jet of semi-molten material.
  • projection means comprising a torch whose axis is inclined relative to the axis of the drum, the torch following a linear trajectory allowing the covering of wipers on the same stage.
  • the areas of the drum which do not have to be coated are protected by specific masking, in particular because of the small size of the wipers, compared with the diameter of the jet of semi-molten material.
  • parameters such as a given inclination of the jet of protective material, and a given speed of movement, with respect to the axis of the drum, and a given distance, relation to the drum, means of projection, must be respected.
  • a material flow rate is determined. The distance of the projection means from the drum is explained in particular by the large size of the projection means.
  • the projection means when the projection means are moved axially from the upstream disc to the downstream disc, the projection of material can reach the upstream face of certain wipers but not that of the wiper closest to the upstream disc.
  • a first obvious solution could consist in modifying the angle of inclination of the projection means.
  • the layer of protective material obtained does not structurally comply with the technical validation specifications. Indeed, by reducing the angle of the jet projection, that is to say by making it more perpendicular to the axis of the drum, the first face of the first wiper is reached by the jet, but the layer obtained has no suitable structure.
  • a layer of protective material is considered not to have a suitable structure when it is too thin or too thick, for example, or with a non-uniform thickness. To obtain a satisfactory result with a smaller angle, it would then be necessary to modify the operating parameters of the projection means (flow rate, speed of movement, etc.), which is however not possible due to the strong interdependence of them.
  • a second solution aimed at reducing the speed of movement of the projection means has also been proposed.
  • this solution is not acceptable because if the layer of protective material sprayed on the first side of the wiper closest to the upstream disc would meet the specifications, the layer of protective material sprayed on the first side of the other wipers does not would not meet the specifications, in particular because its thickness would be too great and therefore its structure would not be suitable.
  • the reduction in the speed of movement of the projection means allows that before the jet abuts against the disc, the entire first face of the first wiper is completely covered with the protective material, in particular by the gravity effect of the protective material which flows along the first face of the first wiper, towards the axis of the drum.
  • the reduction in speed will cause too much protective material to be deposited on the first face, the layers thus deposited then not having a suitable structure.
  • the document WO2014 / 113064 describes a method and system for forming a coating on a workpiece.
  • the document FR 3018210 describes a process of a deposit (D) in a recess (2) formed in a part (3).
  • the object of the invention is in particular to provide a simple, effective and economical solution to this problem.
  • the reflection means allow, during the projection of the material onto the second face of the protuberances, that the jet of protective material is redirected towards the first face of the protuberance closest to the first upstream element.
  • the direction of projection of the jet of material can form with a radial plane intercepting said direction at the point impact of the jet on the reflection means an angle between 0 and 25 °, a nozzle outlet of the material projection means being located opposite the disc relative to said radial plane.
  • the nozzle is positioned so that the direction of projection of the jet of material forms with a radial plane intercepting said direction at the point of impact of the jet on the reflection means an angle ⁇ of between 0 and 25 °. This angle ⁇ is measured when the outlet of the material projection means is located opposite the disc with respect to said radial plane.
  • This angle of inclination allows the projected jet to have the characteristics necessary for producing a projection in accordance with the specifications while limiting the area covered by the protective material to the area of the protuberances.
  • the method may comprise a step consisting in axially moving, in a first direction oriented from the protuberances towards the first element, the projection means so that the jet of material reaches all the protuberances and the reflection means.
  • the displacement makes it possible to cover the second face of each of the protuberances and the first face of the protuberance closest to the first upstream element.
  • the method can also include a step consisting in reorienting the projection means, by symmetry with respect to a transverse plane perpendicular to the axis of the part, and in moving them axially, in a second direction, opposite to the first direction.
  • the reorientation of the projection means makes it possible to cover the first face with other protuberances than that which is closest to the first upstream element, already covered when the second face of the protuberances is covered.
  • the method can also comprise a step consisting in removing the reflection means from the part.
  • the part can then be mounted on a turbomachine.
  • the reflection means can comprise a ring made of polymer material, in particular silicone, having a hardness of between 35 and 65 Shore.
  • the specific Shore A hardness between 35 and 65, and preferably 50, makes it possible to control the spray of protective material.
  • the hardness chosen ensures that the jet of protective material rebounds on the reflection means in the direction of the first face of the protrusions.
  • the ring may be a split and elastically deformable ring so as to be mounted tight around the annular part.
  • the slot of the ring makes it possible to deform it elastically to favor its positioning on the annular part, between the first upstream element and the protuberance closest to the first element.
  • a radially outer end of the side wall of the first member can be located radially outside of a radially outer end of the protrusions.
  • the face and the side wall may be annular.
  • the part can be a turbomachine drum
  • the first element can be a drum disc
  • the annular part can be a ferrule of the drum
  • the annular protrusions can be annular wipers.
  • the annular part can comprise a substantially cylindrical wall on which is tightly mounted a cylindrical wall of the ring.
  • the annular part may comprise a radial wall in axial support on the side wall of the first element.
  • the invention also provides an assembly comprising a part comprising at least a first element and an annular part carrying protuberances and the annular part extending axially from a side wall of said first element, means for projecting a jet of a protective material arranged radially outside the part, characterized in that the assembly also comprises means of reflection of said jet of projection material, the reflection means being an elastically deformable ring mounted tightly around the annular part arranged axially between said side wall downstream of the disc first element and the first annular protuberance, the reflection means being capable of reflecting the jet of material towards the opposite face of the first element of the first protuberance, the reflection means being for example an elastically deformable ring mounted tightly around the annular part.
  • Such an assembly allows the implementation of the aforementioned method, to cover both the first face and the second face of each of the protrusions while respecting the specifications.
  • upstream and downstream are understood with respect to the direction of flow of the gases G in the turbomachine.
  • the drum 10 comprises at least a first element 12, in this case a disc, at least one annular part 14, in this case an annular ferrule, and protrusions 16, 18, 20, in this case annular wipers.
  • the invention is however applicable to any part of a turbomachine comprising at least a first annular element, at least one annular part, and annular protrusions projecting from the annular part.
  • the drum 10 comprises an axial succession, that is to say extending along the axis A of the drum 10, of discs 12 between which are interposed the annular ferrules 14 carrying the annular wipers 16,18, 20 extending themselves radially from the annular shell 14. It is therefore understood that the wipers 16, 18, 20, on a drum 10 as illustrated, are axially interposed between a portion of upstream shell 14 and a portion of downstream shell.
  • the figure 1 represents only a complete disc 12, and a ferrule 14 carrying three wipers 16, 18, 20, the disc 12 being, here, positioned upstream of the wipers 16, 18, 20.
  • the disc 12 has an upstream side wall 12a and a downstream side wall 12b, the downstream side wall 12b facing the wipers 16,18, 20.
  • the disc 12 has a radially outer end 22 of the downstream side wall 12b , located radially outside a radially outer end 16c, 18c, 20c of the wipers 16,18, 20.
  • the drum 10 comprises a first wiper 16, a second wiper 18 and a third wiper 20, the first wiper 16 being arranged axially as close as possible to the disc 12 shown on the left on the figure 1 .
  • the wipers 16, 18, 20 are formed on the ferrule 14 by protrusions of small dimensions, these protrusions may have come in one piece with the ferrule 14 or attached to the ferrule 14.
  • Each wiper 16, 18, 20 has a substantially trapezoidal section which comprises a first face 16a, 18a, 20a facing the upstream disc 12, and a second face 16b, 18b, 20b opposite, that is to say facing a downstream disc (partially shown). As seen on the figure 1 , the wipers 16, 18, 20 therefore extend over a small radial distance relative to the disc 12.
  • the wipers 16, 18, 20 are for example made of Ti17 or TI 6.2.4.2.
  • each wiper 16, 18, 20 comprises at its apex, opposite the shell 14, a third face 16c, 18c, 20c, connecting the first face 16a, 18a, 20a to the second face 16b, 18b, 20b.
  • the wipers 16, 18, 20 are coated with at least one layer of a protective material such as, for example, a material of the following composition: Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 97-3% w type II.
  • a sublayer may be deposited prior to the layer of protective material, this sublayer being, for example, a material of the following composition: Ni-AI 95-5% w type II.
  • the coating of the wipers 16, 18, 20 is provided by an installation 24 for depositing a protective coating, a detail of which is represented on the figure 2 .
  • This installation 24 comprises an arm 26 carrying means 28 for projecting a jet 30 of a protective material, a support 32 on which the drum 10 is positioned, and means 34 for reflecting the jet 30.
  • the arm 26 is for example of the type of mechanical articulated arms well known in the industry, so it will not be described further in detail. However, it should be noted that, by its dimensions, the arm 26 is bulky relative to the drum 10 and the wipers 16, 18, 20.
  • the projection means 28 of the jet 30 of protective material are arranged radially outside the drum 10 and comprise a projection nozzle 36 ( figure 1 and 3 ), such as a plasma nozzle for example, shown schematically on the figure 3 .
  • the nozzle 26, in the action of projecting a jet 38 of material forming a coating layer 40 on the surface 42 of a part 44, comprises a casing 46 in which are received coaxially, from the outside to the inside, an anode 48 and a cathode 50.
  • the anode 48 and the cathode 50 form between them an annular passage 52 for a plasma gas intended to be ejected from the nozzle 36, in the direction of the part 44, by an outlet 54 of the nozzle 36.
  • the casing 46 carries two powder injectors 56, for example powders capable of forming, with the plasma gas, the abovementioned materials of the layer and of the sublayer, these injectors 56 opening towards the outlet 54 of the nozzle 36.
  • Support 32 ( figure 2 ) is in the form of a column inserted into the drum 10, concentrically with the ferrules 14.
  • the support 32 further comprises stops (not shown) against which the drum 10 comes to rest to be held in a predetermined position allowing projection of the spray 30 of protective material on the wipers 16, 18, 20.
  • the reflection means 34 comprise a ring made of polymer material, in particular silicone, having a hardness of 35 and 65 Shore A. This ring is split and elastically deformable so as to be mounted tight around the ferrule 14 as we will see below.
  • the ring has, when viewed in longitudinal section, as shown in the figure 4 , a shape substantially in quarter disc.
  • the quarter-disc shape includes a base or wall 58 forming a cylindrical surface and a radial upright or wall 60 substantially perpendicular to the base or wall 58 and forming an annular surface.
  • the cylindrical wall 58 bears radially inwardly on the radially external surface of the annular part 14.
  • the radial wall 60 is axially supported on the downstream side wall 12b of the first element 12.
  • the junction between the base and the upright is formed by a leave 62 and the free ends 58a, 60a of the base and of the upright are connected to each other by a convex reflecting surface 64.
  • the free ends 58a, 60a of the base 58 and the upright 60 could be connected to each other by a concave reflecting surface, a flat surface or a combination of concave, convex surfaces and / or flat.
  • the installation 24 may also include one (or more) mask (s) 66 (visible on the figure 6 ) positioned on the disc 12 so as to protect the upstream side wall 12a and / or the downstream side wall 12b from the jet 30 of protective material.
  • This mask 66 can also be made of silicone which allows it to be mounted and dismounted from the disc 12 easily. The function of the reflection surface will be described later.
  • the jet 30 impacting the convex reflection surface 64 of the reflection means 34 is redirected, moreover, towards the first face 16a of the first wiper 16.
  • the first face 16a of the first wiper 16 can be covered with the protective material so as to meet the technical specifications.
  • the jet 30 keeps its orientation to cover the first face 16a, 18a, 20a of each of the wipers 16, 18, 20, it can be seen that the trajectory of the jet 30 finds an obstacle comprising the disc 12 and cannot reach the first surface 16a of the first wiper 16.
  • the first solution S1 initially envisaged illustrates that if the orientation of the projection means 28 is modified to allow covering the first face 16a of the first wiper, without the disc 12 forming an obstacle, the distance of the projection means 28 by relative to the axis A of the drum 10 must be modified, and that the jet 30 is concentrated at a point on the surface which prevents the layer from being structurally conform to the technical specifications.
  • the orientation of the projection means 28 for the projection of the jet 30 of protective material, and more particularly the orientation of the outlet 54 of the nozzle 36, is therefore important.
  • the nozzle 36 is positioned so that the direction of projection of the jet of material 30 forms with a radial plane P1 intercepting said direction at the point of impact 68 of the jet on the reflection means 34 an angle ⁇ between 0 and 25 °.
  • This angle ⁇ is measured when the outlet 54 of the projection means 34 of the material is located opposite the disc 12 relative to said radial plane P1.
  • the thickness of the jet 30 being defined according to a particular protocol, it is necessary for the projection means 34 to be displaced axially so that the projection means 34 can project the material onto all the wipers 16, 18, 20.
  • the projection means are moved axially, in a first direction oriented from the wipers 16, 18, 20 towards the disc 12 arranged upstream, this first direction of movement being represented by the arrow F1 on the figure 5 .
  • the jet 30 of material can then reach the second face 16b, 18b, 20b of all the wipers 16, 18, 20 and the first face 16a of the first wiper 16 by rebound 70 on the reflection surface convex 64 reflection means 34.
  • the displacement, in the first direction, of the projection means 28, and therefore of the jet 30, is further materialized by the presence in dotted lines of an intermediate position of these before a quasi-final position in solid lines.
  • the projection means 28 are reoriented, by symmetry with respect to a transverse plane P2 perpendicular to the axis A of the drum 10.
  • P2 is located at a distance axial L of the upstream disc 12 greater than the axial distance I between P1 and the upstream disc 12.
  • P2 is substantially parallel to P1.
  • the projection means 28 When the projection means 28 are reoriented, they are moved axially, in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, this second direction of movement being represented by the arrow F2 on the figure 6 . According to this second direction of movement, the jet of material 30 can then reach the first face 18a, 20a of the second wiper 18 and of the third wiper 20.
  • the displacement, in the second direction, of the projection means 28, and therefore of the jet 30, is further materialized by the presence in dotted lines of an intermediate position of these before a quasi-final position in solid lines.
  • the reflection means 34 can be removed, in a last step.
  • the method and the installation described therefore make it possible to produce a coating, meeting the technical specifications, of the first face 16a, 18a, 20a and of the second face 16b, 18b, 20b of each of the wipers 16, 18, 20.
  • first direction F1 and the second direction F2 of displacement can be reversed.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de dépôt d'un revêtement de protection par projection sur des léchettes annulaires d'un tambour de turbomachine ainsi qu'une l'installation correspondante.The present invention relates to a method of depositing a protective coating by spraying onto annular wipers of a turbomachine drum as well as the corresponding installation.

Les tambours axisymétriques de turbomachine sont des éléments de forme générale tubulaire comprenant une succession axiale de disques reliés les uns aux autres par des viroles annulaires portant des léchettes s'étendant radialement vers l'extérieur. Chaque disque comprend une pluralité d'alvéoles pour le maintien de pieds d'aubes, ces alvéoles ayant un profil sensiblement en queue d'aronde ou en sapin.Axisymmetric turbomachine drums are elements of generally tubular shape comprising an axial succession of discs connected to each other by annular rings carrying wipers extending radially outwards. Each disc includes a plurality of cells for holding the feet of the blades, these cells having a profile substantially in dovetail or fir.

Le terme radial s'entend conventionnellement perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal de la turbomachine, axe selon lequel les gaz s'écoulent dans la turbomachine.The term radial is conventionally understood to be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine, an axis along which the gases flow in the turbomachine.

Les léchettes ont une section en forme de trapèze isocèle dont le sommet de léchette correspond à la petite base du trapèze. Généralement, ces léchettes s'étendent sur une faible distance radiale et leurs extrémités radialement externes sont situées radialement en dessous des surfaces externes des alvéoles.The wipers have a section in the shape of an isosceles trapezium whose top of the wipers corresponds to the small base of the trapezium. Generally, these wipers extend over a small radial distance and their radially external ends are located radially below the external surfaces of the cells.

Afin que les léchettes ne soient pas endommagées en fonctionnement par les fortes températures, il est nécessaire de les recouvrir, au moins en partie, d'un revêtement de protection thermique. Ce revêtement thermique permet notamment une abrasion d'un abradable monté en regard du sommet des léchettes sans que les léchettes ne se dégradent de manière trop importante par frottement. Le sillon créé dans l'abradable forme alors, avec les léchettes, un palier d'étanchéité aux fluides. Le revêtement de protection est déposé sur les faces amont et aval des léchettes ainsi que le sommet léchettes par projection thermique.In order that the wipers are not damaged in operation by high temperatures, it is necessary to cover them, at least in part, with a thermal protective coating. This thermal coating in particular allows abrasion of an abradable material mounted opposite the top of the wipers without the wipers being degraded too much by friction. The groove created in the abradable then forms, with the wipers, a bearing for sealing against fluids. The protective coating is deposited on the upstream and downstream faces of the wipers as well as the top of the wipers by thermal spraying.

Les termes amont et aval s'entendent selon le sens d'écoulement des gaz dans la turbomachine.The terms upstream and downstream are understood according to the direction of flow of the gases in the turbomachine.

La projection thermique génère un jet de matériau semi-fondu. Cette projection est assurée par des moyens de projection comprenant une torche dont l'axe est incliné par rapport à l'axe du tambour, la torche suivant une trajectoire linéaire permettant le recouvrement des léchettes d'un même étage. Les zones du tambour ne devant pas être revêtues sont protégées par un masquage spécifique, notamment à cause de la faible dimension des léchettes, en regard du diamètre du jet de matériau semi-fondu.The thermal spray generates a jet of semi-molten material. This projection is ensured by projection means comprising a torch whose axis is inclined relative to the axis of the drum, the torch following a linear trajectory allowing the covering of wipers on the same stage. The areas of the drum which do not have to be coated are protected by specific masking, in particular because of the small size of the wipers, compared with the diameter of the jet of semi-molten material.

Pour que la projection du jet de matériau de protection soit optimale, des paramètres tels qu'une inclinaison donnée du jet de matériau de protection, et une vitesse donnée de déplacement, par rapport à l'axe du tambour, et une distance donnée, par rapport au tambour, des moyens de projection, doivent être respectés. En combinaison de ces premiers paramètres, un débit de matériau est déterminé. La distance des moyens de projection par rapport au tambour est notamment expliquée par l'encombrement important des moyens de projection.For the projection of the jet of protective material to be optimal, parameters such as a given inclination of the jet of protective material, and a given speed of movement, with respect to the axis of the drum, and a given distance, relation to the drum, means of projection, must be respected. In combination with these first parameters, a material flow rate is determined. The distance of the projection means from the drum is explained in particular by the large size of the projection means.

Toutefois, ces paramètres, particulièrement l'inclinaison nécessaire du jet de matériau de protection, ne permettent pas de projeter le matériau de protection sur la face amont de la léchette la plus proche du disque. En effet, le disque, par son extension radiale au-delà des extrémités radialement externes des léchettes, forme un obstacle à la projection du matériau de protection.However, these parameters, particularly the necessary inclination of the jet of protective material, do not make it possible to project the protective material onto the upstream face of the wiper closest to the disc. Indeed, the disc, by its radial extension beyond the radially external ends of the wipers, forms an obstacle to the projection of the protective material.

Ainsi, lorsque les moyens de projection sont déplacés axialement depuis le disque amont vers le disque aval, la projection de matériau peut atteindre la face amont de certaines léchettes mais pas celle de la léchette la plus proche du disque en amont.Thus, when the projection means are moved axially from the upstream disc to the downstream disc, the projection of material can reach the upstream face of certain wipers but not that of the wiper closest to the upstream disc.

Pour pallier ce problème, une première solution évidente pourrait consister à modifier l'angle d'inclinaison des moyens de projection. Toutefois, Il résulte de cette modification d'angle que la couche de matériau de protection obtenue n'est pas structurellement conforme aux spécifications techniques de validation. En effet, en réduisant l'angle du jet de projection, c'est-à-dire en le rendant plus perpendiculaire à l'axe du tambour, la première face de la première léchette est atteinte par le jet, mais la couche obtenue n'a pas de structure convenable. Une couche de matériau de protection est considérée comme n'ayant pas une structure convenable lorsqu'elle est trop fine ou trop épaisse, par exemple, ou avec une épaisseur non uniforme. Pour obtenir un résultat satisfaisant avec un angle plus petit, il serait alors nécessaire de modifier les paramètres de fonctionnement des moyens de projection (débit, vitesse de déplacement...) ce qui n'est toutefois pas envisageable du fait de la forte interdépendance de ceux-ci.To overcome this problem, a first obvious solution could consist in modifying the angle of inclination of the projection means. However, it follows from this change in angle that the layer of protective material obtained does not structurally comply with the technical validation specifications. Indeed, by reducing the angle of the jet projection, that is to say by making it more perpendicular to the axis of the drum, the first face of the first wiper is reached by the jet, but the layer obtained has no suitable structure. A layer of protective material is considered not to have a suitable structure when it is too thin or too thick, for example, or with a non-uniform thickness. To obtain a satisfactory result with a smaller angle, it would then be necessary to modify the operating parameters of the projection means (flow rate, speed of movement, etc.), which is however not possible due to the strong interdependence of them.

Une seconde solution visant à réduire la vitesse de déplacement des moyens de projection a également été proposée. Toutefois, cette solution n'est pas acceptable car si la couche de matériau de protection projetée sur la première face de la léchette la plus proche du disque amont répondrait aux spécifications, la couche de matériau de protection projetée sur la première face des autres léchettes ne répondrait pas aux spécifications, notamment car son épaisseur serait trop importante et donc sa structure ne serait pas convenable. En effet, la réduction de la vitesse de déplacement des moyens de projection permet qu'avant que le jet ne bute contre le disque, l'ensemble de la première face de la première léchette soit entièrement recouverte du matériau de protection, notamment par l'effet de gravité du matériau de protection qui s'écoule le long de la première face de la première léchette, vers l'axe du tambour. Pour les autres léchettes, la réduction de la vitesse entrainera un dépôt de matériau de protection en trop grande quantité sur la première face, les couches ainsi déposées n'ayant alors pas une structure convenable.A second solution aimed at reducing the speed of movement of the projection means has also been proposed. However, this solution is not acceptable because if the layer of protective material sprayed on the first side of the wiper closest to the upstream disc would meet the specifications, the layer of protective material sprayed on the first side of the other wipers does not would not meet the specifications, in particular because its thickness would be too great and therefore its structure would not be suitable. Indeed, the reduction in the speed of movement of the projection means allows that before the jet abuts against the disc, the entire first face of the first wiper is completely covered with the protective material, in particular by the gravity effect of the protective material which flows along the first face of the first wiper, towards the axis of the drum. For the other wipers, the reduction in speed will cause too much protective material to be deposited on the first face, the layers thus deposited then not having a suitable structure.

Notons également que la modification de l'un des paramètres précités de fonctionnement (débit, vitesse de déplacement) des moyens de projection entraîne la modification des autres paramètres et conduit à sortir des spécifications techniques de validation pour la réalisation de la couche de protection. La pièce sur laquelle la projection de matériau de protection est réalisée ne peut alors pas être considérée comme conforme ; il est donc souhaitable de conserver les paramètres de fonctionnement des moyens de projection.It should also be noted that the modification of one of the aforementioned operating parameters (flow rate, speed of movement) of the projection means causes the modification of the other parameters and leads to leaving the technical validation specifications for the production of the protective layer. The part on which the projection of protective material is achieved cannot therefore be considered as compliant; it is therefore desirable to keep the operating parameters of the projection means.

Le document WO2014/113064 décrit un procédé et un système pour former un revêtement sur une pièce. Le document FR 3018210 décrit un procédé d'un dépôt (D) dans un évidement (2) formé dans une pièce (3).The document WO2014 / 113064 describes a method and system for forming a coating on a workpiece. The document FR 3018210 describes a process of a deposit (D) in a recess (2) formed in a part (3).

L'invention a notamment pour but d'apporter une solution simple, efficace et économique à ce problème.The object of the invention is in particular to provide a simple, effective and economical solution to this problem.

A cet effet, elle propose un procédé de dépôt d'un revêtement de protection par projection sur des protubérances annulaires d'une pièce comprenant au moins un premier élément annulaire et une partie annulaire qui porte les protubérances et qui s'étend axialement depuis une paroi latérale du premier élément, une première protubérance étant agencée axialement au plus près du premier élément et portant une face en regard du disque, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :

  1. a) disposer des moyens de réflexion axialement sur la pièce entre ladite paroi latérale du premier élément et la première protubérance annulaire,
  2. b) projeter, via des moyens de projection, un jet d'un matériau de protection en direction des moyens de réflexion de manière à ce que le jet de protection impacte la face en regard du premier élément de la première protubérance qui est en regard du premier élément.
To this end, it proposes a method of depositing a protective coating by projection onto annular protuberances of a part comprising at least a first annular element and an annular part which carries the protuberances and which extends axially from a wall. lateral of the first element, a first protuberance being arranged axially as close as possible to the first element and carrying a face opposite the disc, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  1. a) having means for axially reflecting on the part between said side wall of the first element and the first annular protuberance,
  2. b) projecting, via projection means, a jet of protective material towards the reflection means so that the protective jet impacts the face opposite the first element of the first protuberance which is opposite the first element.

Les moyens de réflexion permettent, lors de la projection du matériau sur la deuxième face des protubérances, que le jet de matériau de protection soit redirigé vers la première face de la protubérance la plus proche du premier élément amont. Ainsi, avec une inclinaison optimale, il est possible de recouvrir d'une couche d'un matériau de protection toutes les deuxièmes faces des protubérances et la première face de la protubérance la plus proche du premier élément dans une même passe de
projection, puis la première face des autres protubérances dans une seconde passe de projection.The reflection means allow, during the projection of the material onto the second face of the protuberances, that the jet of protective material is redirected towards the first face of the protuberance closest to the first upstream element. Thus, with an optimal inclination, it is possible to cover with a layer of protective material all the second faces of the protuberances and the first face of the protuberance closest to the first element in the same pass.
projection, then the first side of the other protrusions in a second projection pass.

Lors de l'étape b), la direction de projection du jet de matériau peut former avec un plan radial interceptant ladite direction au point d'impact du jet sur les moyens de réflexion un angle compris entre 0 et 25°, une sortie de buse des moyens de projection du matériau étant située à l'opposé du disque par rapport audit plan radial. Pour cela, on positionne la buse de sorte que la direction de projection du jet de matériau forme avec un plan radial interceptant ladite direction au point d'impact du jet sur les moyens de réflexion un angle α compris entre 0 et 25°. Cet angle α est mesuré lorsque la sortie des moyens de projection du matériau est située à l'opposé du disque par rapport audit plan radial.During step b), the direction of projection of the jet of material can form with a radial plane intercepting said direction at the point impact of the jet on the reflection means an angle between 0 and 25 °, a nozzle outlet of the material projection means being located opposite the disc relative to said radial plane. For this, the nozzle is positioned so that the direction of projection of the jet of material forms with a radial plane intercepting said direction at the point of impact of the jet on the reflection means an angle α of between 0 and 25 °. This angle α is measured when the outlet of the material projection means is located opposite the disc with respect to said radial plane.

Cet angle d'inclinaison permet que le jet projeté présente les caractéristiques nécessaires à la réalisation d'une projection conforme aux spécifications tout en limitant la zone recouverte par le matériau de protection à la zone des protubérances.This angle of inclination allows the projected jet to have the characteristics necessary for producing a projection in accordance with the specifications while limiting the area covered by the protective material to the area of the protuberances.

Le procédé peut comprendre une étape consistant à déplacer axialement, dans un premier sens orienté depuis les protubérances vers le premier élément, les moyens de projection de sorte que le jet de matériau atteigne toutes les protubérances et les moyens de réflexion.The method may comprise a step consisting in axially moving, in a first direction oriented from the protuberances towards the first element, the projection means so that the jet of material reaches all the protuberances and the reflection means.

Le déplacement permet de recouvrir la deuxième face de chacune des protubérances et la première face de la protubérance la plus proche du premier élément amont.The displacement makes it possible to cover the second face of each of the protuberances and the first face of the protuberance closest to the first upstream element.

Le procédé peut également comprendre une étape consistant à réorienter les moyens de projection, par symétrie par rapport à un plan transversal perpendiculaire à l'axe de la pièce, et à les déplacer axialement, dans un second sens, opposé au premier sens.The method can also include a step consisting in reorienting the projection means, by symmetry with respect to a transverse plane perpendicular to the axis of the part, and in moving them axially, in a second direction, opposite to the first direction.

La réorientation des moyens de projection permet de recouvrir la première face des autres protubérances que celle qui est la plus proche du premier élément amont, déjà recouverte lorsque la deuxième face des protubérances est recouverte.The reorientation of the projection means makes it possible to cover the first face with other protuberances than that which is closest to the first upstream element, already covered when the second face of the protuberances is covered.

Le procédé peut en outre comprendre une étape consistant à retirer les moyens de réflexion de la pièce.The method can also comprise a step consisting in removing the reflection means from the part.

Suite au retrait des moyens de réflexion, la pièce peut alors être monté sur une turbomachine.Following the withdrawal of the reflection means, the part can then be mounted on a turbomachine.

Les moyens de réflexion peuvent comprendre un anneau en matériau polymère, en particulier du silicone, ayant une dureté comprise en 35 et 65 Shore.The reflection means can comprise a ring made of polymer material, in particular silicone, having a hardness of between 35 and 65 Shore.

La dureté Shore A spécifique comprise entre 35 et 65, et préférentiellement de 50, permet de contrôler le jet de matériau de protection. Ainsi, la dureté choisie assure que le jet de matériau de protection rebondisse sur les moyens de réflexion en direction de la première face des protubérances.The specific Shore A hardness between 35 and 65, and preferably 50, makes it possible to control the spray of protective material. Thus, the hardness chosen ensures that the jet of protective material rebounds on the reflection means in the direction of the first face of the protrusions.

L'anneau peut être un anneau fendu et élastiquement déformable de manière à être monté serré autour de la partie annulaire.The ring may be a split and elastically deformable ring so as to be mounted tight around the annular part.

La fente de l'anneau permet de le déformer élastiquement pour favoriser sa mise en position sur la partie annulaire, entre le premier élément amont et la protubérance la plus proche du premier élément.The slot of the ring makes it possible to deform it elastically to favor its positioning on the annular part, between the first upstream element and the protuberance closest to the first element.

Une extrémité radialement externe de la paroi latérale du premier élément peut être située radialement à l'extérieur d'une extrémité radialement externe des protubérances.A radially outer end of the side wall of the first member can be located radially outside of a radially outer end of the protrusions.

La face et la paroi latérale peuvent être annulaires.The face and the side wall may be annular.

La pièce peut être un tambour de turbomachine, le premier élément peut être un disque du tambour, la partie annulaire peut être une virole du tambour et les protubérances annulaires peuvent être des léchettes annulaires.The part can be a turbomachine drum, the first element can be a drum disc, the annular part can be a ferrule of the drum and the annular protrusions can be annular wipers.

La partie annulaire peut comprendre une paroi sensiblement cylindrique sur laquelle est monté serrée une paroi cylindrique de l'anneau.The annular part can comprise a substantially cylindrical wall on which is tightly mounted a cylindrical wall of the ring.

La partie annulaire peut comprendre une paroi radiale en appui axial sur la paroi latérale du premier élément.The annular part may comprise a radial wall in axial support on the side wall of the first element.

L'invention propose également un ensemble comprenant une pièce comportant au moins un premier élément et une partie annulaire portant des protubérances et la partie annulaire s'étendant axialement depuis une paroi latérale dudit premier élément, des moyens de projection d'un jet d'un matériau de protection agencés radialement à l'extérieur de la pièce, caractérisée en ce que l'ensemble comprend également des moyens de réflexion dudit jet de matériau de projection, les moyens de réflexion étant un anneau élastiquement déformable monté serré autour de la partie annulaire agencés axialement entre ladite paroi latérale aval du disque premier élément et la première protubérance annulaire, les moyens de réflexion étant aptes à réfléchir le jet de matériau vers la face en regard du premier élément de la première protubérance, les moyens de réflexion étant par exemple un anneau élastiquement déformable monté serré autour de la partie annulaire.The invention also provides an assembly comprising a part comprising at least a first element and an annular part carrying protuberances and the annular part extending axially from a side wall of said first element, means for projecting a jet of a protective material arranged radially outside the part, characterized in that the assembly also comprises means of reflection of said jet of projection material, the reflection means being an elastically deformable ring mounted tightly around the annular part arranged axially between said side wall downstream of the disc first element and the first annular protuberance, the reflection means being capable of reflecting the jet of material towards the opposite face of the first element of the first protuberance, the reflection means being for example an elastically deformable ring mounted tightly around the annular part.

Un tel ensemble permet la mise en œuvre du procédé précité, pour recouvrir à la fois la première face et la deuxième face de chacune des protubérances en respectant les spécifications.Such an assembly allows the implementation of the aforementioned method, to cover both the first face and the second face of each of the protrusions while respecting the specifications.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres détails, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante faite à titre d'exemple non limitatif en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue de détail des léchettes d'un tambour de turbomachine ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de détail d'une installation de dépôt d'un revêtement de protection par projection sur des léchettes annulaires du tambour de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique montrant une buse de projection du matériau de protection sur les léchettes du tambour ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en section des moyens de réflexion de l'installation de la figure 2, et
  • les figures 5 et 6 sont des vues de détail du tambour de la figure 1 sur lequel sont montés des moyens de réflexion d'un jet de matériau de protection, illustrant le déplacement des moyens de projection selon deux sens opposés.
The invention will be better understood and other details, characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description given by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a detail view of the wipers of a turbomachine drum;
  • the figure 2 is a detailed view of an installation for depositing a protective coating by projection onto annular wipers of the drum of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is a schematic view showing a nozzle for projecting the protective material onto the wipers of the drum;
  • the figure 4 is a section view of the means of reflection of the installation of the figure 2 , and
  • the Figures 5 and 6 are detail views of the drum of the figure 1 on which are mounted means for reflecting a jet of protective material, illustrating the movement of the projection means in two opposite directions.

Conventionnellement, les termes « radial » et « axial » s'entendent par rapport à un axe longitudinal A de la turbomachine.Conventionally, the terms "radial" and "axial" are understood with respect to a longitudinal axis A of the turbomachine.

De même, les termes « amont » et « aval » s'entendent par rapport au sens d'écoulement des gaz G dans la turbomachine.Likewise, the terms “upstream” and “downstream” are understood with respect to the direction of flow of the gases G in the turbomachine.

On a représenté, sur la figure 1, un détail d'une pièce, en l'espèce un tambour 10 de turbomachine. Le tambour 10 comprend au moins un premier élément 12, en l'espèce un disque, au moins une partie annulaire 14, en l'espèce une virole annulaire, et des protubérances 16, 18, 20, en l'espèce des léchettes annulaires.We have represented, on the figure 1 , a detail of a part, in this case a drum 10 of a turbomachine. The drum 10 comprises at least a first element 12, in this case a disc, at least one annular part 14, in this case an annular ferrule, and protrusions 16, 18, 20, in this case annular wipers.

L'invention est toutefois applicable à toute pièce de turbomachine comprenant au moins un premier élément annulaire, au moins une partie annulaire, et des protubérances annulaires en saillie de la partie annulaire.The invention is however applicable to any part of a turbomachine comprising at least a first annular element, at least one annular part, and annular protrusions projecting from the annular part.

Le tambour 10 comprend une succession axiale, c'est-à-dire s'étendant suivant l'axe A du tambour 10, de disques 12 entre lesquels sont intercalées les viroles annulaires 14 portant les léchettes annulaires 16,18, 20 s'étendant elles-mêmes radialement à partir de la virole annulaire 14. On comprend donc que les léchettes 16,18, 20, sur un tambour 10 tel qu'illustré, sont axialement intercalées entre une partie de virole 14 amont et une partie de virole aval. La figure 1 ne représente qu'un disque 12 complet, et une virole 14 portant trois léchettes 16, 18, 20, le disque 12 étant, ici, positionné en amont des léchettes 16, 18, 20.The drum 10 comprises an axial succession, that is to say extending along the axis A of the drum 10, of discs 12 between which are interposed the annular ferrules 14 carrying the annular wipers 16,18, 20 extending themselves radially from the annular shell 14. It is therefore understood that the wipers 16, 18, 20, on a drum 10 as illustrated, are axially interposed between a portion of upstream shell 14 and a portion of downstream shell. The figure 1 represents only a complete disc 12, and a ferrule 14 carrying three wipers 16, 18, 20, the disc 12 being, here, positioned upstream of the wipers 16, 18, 20.

Le disque 12 présente une paroi latérale amont 12a et une paroi latérale aval 12b, la paroi latérale aval 12b étant en regard des léchettes 16,18, 20. En outre, le disque 12 présente une extrémité radialement externe 22 de la paroi latérale aval 12b, située radialement à l'extérieur d'une extrémité radialement externe 16c, 18c, 20c des léchettes 16,18, 20.The disc 12 has an upstream side wall 12a and a downstream side wall 12b, the downstream side wall 12b facing the wipers 16,18, 20. In addition, the disc 12 has a radially outer end 22 of the downstream side wall 12b , located radially outside a radially outer end 16c, 18c, 20c of the wipers 16,18, 20.

Tel qu'illustré, le tambour 10 comprend une première léchette 16, une deuxième léchette 18 et une troisième léchette 20, la première léchette 16 étant agencée axialement au plus près du disque 12 représenté à gauche sur la figure 1.As illustrated, the drum 10 comprises a first wiper 16, a second wiper 18 and a third wiper 20, the first wiper 16 being arranged axially as close as possible to the disc 12 shown on the left on the figure 1 .

Les léchettes 16, 18, 20 sont formées, sur la virole 14, par des saillies de faibles dimensions, ces saillies pouvant être venues de matière avec la virole 14 ou rapportées sur la virole 14.The wipers 16, 18, 20 are formed on the ferrule 14 by protrusions of small dimensions, these protrusions may have come in one piece with the ferrule 14 or attached to the ferrule 14.

Chaque léchette 16, 18, 20 présente une section sensiblement trapézoïdale qui comprend une première face 16a, 18a, 20a tournée vers le disque 12 amont, et une deuxième face 16b, 18b, 20b opposée, c'est à dire tournée vers un disque aval (partiellement représenté). Comme on le voit sur la figure 1, les léchettes 16, 18, 20 s'étendent donc sur une faible distance radiale par rapport au disque 12. Les léchettes 16, 18, 20 sont par exemple réalisées en Ti17 ou en TI 6.2.4.2. Par ailleurs, chaque léchette 16, 18, 20 comprend à son sommet, opposé à la virole 14, une troisième face 16c, 18c, 20c, reliant la première face 16a,18a, 20a à la deuxième face 16b, 18b, 20b.Each wiper 16, 18, 20 has a substantially trapezoidal section which comprises a first face 16a, 18a, 20a facing the upstream disc 12, and a second face 16b, 18b, 20b opposite, that is to say facing a downstream disc (partially shown). As seen on the figure 1 , the wipers 16, 18, 20 therefore extend over a small radial distance relative to the disc 12. The wipers 16, 18, 20 are for example made of Ti17 or TI 6.2.4.2. Furthermore, each wiper 16, 18, 20 comprises at its apex, opposite the shell 14, a third face 16c, 18c, 20c, connecting the first face 16a, 18a, 20a to the second face 16b, 18b, 20b.

Pour assurer leur résistance, notamment à la chaleur, les léchettes 16, 18, 20 sont revêtues d'au moins une couche d'un matériau de protection tel que, par exemple, un matériau de composition suivante : Al2O3-TiO2 97-3%w type II.To ensure their resistance, in particular to heat, the wipers 16, 18, 20 are coated with at least one layer of a protective material such as, for example, a material of the following composition: Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 97-3% w type II.

Avantageusement, une sous-couche pourra être déposée préalablement à la couche de matériau de protection, cette sous-couche étant, par exemple, un matériau de composition suivante : Ni-AI 95-5%w type II.Advantageously, a sublayer may be deposited prior to the layer of protective material, this sublayer being, for example, a material of the following composition: Ni-AI 95-5% w type II.

Le revêtement des léchettes 16, 18, 20 est assuré par une installation 24 de dépôt d'un revêtement de protection dont un détail est représenté sur la figure 2.The coating of the wipers 16, 18, 20 is provided by an installation 24 for depositing a protective coating, a detail of which is represented on the figure 2 .

Cette installation 24 comprend un bras 26 portant des moyens de projection 28 d'un jet 30 d'un matériau de protection, un support 32 sur lequel est positionné le tambour 10, et des moyens de réflexion 34 du jet 30.This installation 24 comprises an arm 26 carrying means 28 for projecting a jet 30 of a protective material, a support 32 on which the drum 10 is positioned, and means 34 for reflecting the jet 30.

Le bras 26 est par exemple du type des bras articulés mécaniques bien connus de l'industrie, aussi il ne sera pas décrit plus en détail. Toutefois, il est à noter que, par ses dimensions, le bras 26 est encombrant par rapport au tambour 10 et aux léchettes 16, 18, 20.The arm 26 is for example of the type of mechanical articulated arms well known in the industry, so it will not be described further in detail. However, it should be noted that, by its dimensions, the arm 26 is bulky relative to the drum 10 and the wipers 16, 18, 20.

Les moyens de projection 28 du jet 30 de matériau de protection sont agencés radialement à l'extérieur du tambour 10 et comprennent une buse 36 de projection (figure 1 et 3), telle qu'une buse plasma par exemple, représentée schématiquement sur la figure 3.The projection means 28 of the jet 30 of protective material are arranged radially outside the drum 10 and comprise a projection nozzle 36 ( figure 1 and 3 ), such as a plasma nozzle for example, shown schematically on the figure 3 .

La buse 26, en action de projection d'un jet 38 de matériau formant une couche de revêtement 40 sur la surface 42 d'une pièce 44, comprend un carter 46 dans lequel sont reçues coaxialement, de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur, une anode 48 et une cathode 50. L'anode 48 et la cathode 50 forment entre elles un passage annulaire 52 pour un gaz plasma destiné à être éjecté de la buse 36, en direction de la pièce 44, par une sortie 54 de la buse 36.The nozzle 26, in the action of projecting a jet 38 of material forming a coating layer 40 on the surface 42 of a part 44, comprises a casing 46 in which are received coaxially, from the outside to the inside, an anode 48 and a cathode 50. The anode 48 and the cathode 50 form between them an annular passage 52 for a plasma gas intended to be ejected from the nozzle 36, in the direction of the part 44, by an outlet 54 of the nozzle 36.

Le carter 46 porte deux injecteurs de poudre 56, par exemple des poudres aptes à former, avec le gaz plasma, les matériaux précités de la couche et de la sous-couche, ces injecteurs 56 débouchant vers la sortie 54 de la buse 36.The casing 46 carries two powder injectors 56, for example powders capable of forming, with the plasma gas, the abovementioned materials of the layer and of the sublayer, these injectors 56 opening towards the outlet 54 of the nozzle 36.

Le support 32 (figure 2) se présente sous la forme d'une colonne insérée dans le tambour 10, concentriquement aux viroles 14. Le support 32 comprend en outre des butées (non représentées) contre lesquelles le tambour 10 vient reposer pour être maintenu dans une position prédéterminée permettant la projection du jet 30 de matériau de protection sur les léchettes 16, 18, 20.Support 32 ( figure 2 ) is in the form of a column inserted into the drum 10, concentrically with the ferrules 14. The support 32 further comprises stops (not shown) against which the drum 10 comes to rest to be held in a predetermined position allowing projection of the spray 30 of protective material on the wipers 16, 18, 20.

Les moyens de réflexion 34 comprennent un anneau en matériau polymère, en particulier du silicone, ayant une dureté comprise en 35 et 65 Shore A. Cet anneau est fendu et élastiquement déformable de manière à être monté serré autour de la virole 14 comme nous le verrons ci-après.The reflection means 34 comprise a ring made of polymer material, in particular silicone, having a hardness of 35 and 65 Shore A. This ring is split and elastically deformable so as to be mounted tight around the ferrule 14 as we will see below.

L'anneau présente, lorsque vue en section longitudinale, tel que représenté sur la figure 4, une forme sensiblement en quart de disque. La forme en quart de disque comprend une base ou paroi 58 formant une surface cylindrique et un montant ou paroi 60 radiale sensiblement perpendiculaire à la base ou paroi 58 et formant une surface annulaire. La paroi cylindrique 58 est en appui radialement vers l'intérieur sur la surface radialement externe de la partie annulaire 14. La paroi radiale 60 est en appui axial sur la paroi latérale aval 12b du premier élément 12. La jonction entre la base et le montant est formée par un congé 62 et les extrémités libres 58a, 60a de la base et du montant sont reliées l'une à l'autre par une surface de réflexion convexe 64.The ring has, when viewed in longitudinal section, as shown in the figure 4 , a shape substantially in quarter disc. The quarter-disc shape includes a base or wall 58 forming a cylindrical surface and a radial upright or wall 60 substantially perpendicular to the base or wall 58 and forming an annular surface. The cylindrical wall 58 bears radially inwardly on the radially external surface of the annular part 14. The radial wall 60 is axially supported on the downstream side wall 12b of the first element 12. The junction between the base and the upright is formed by a leave 62 and the free ends 58a, 60a of the base and of the upright are connected to each other by a convex reflecting surface 64.

En variantes non représentées sur les figures, les extrémités libres 58a, 60a de la base 58 et du montant 60 pourraient être reliées l'une à l'autre par une surface de réflexion concave, une surface plane ou une combinaison de surfaces concaves, convexes et/ou planes.In variants not shown in the figures, the free ends 58a, 60a of the base 58 and the upright 60 could be connected to each other by a concave reflecting surface, a flat surface or a combination of concave, convex surfaces and / or flat.

L'installation 24 peut également comprendre un (ou plusieurs) masque(s) 66 (visible sur la figure 6) positionné(s) sur le disque 12 de sorte à protéger la paroi latérale amont 12a et/ou la paroi latérale aval 12b du jet 30 de matériau de protection. Ce masque 66 peut également être en silicone ce qui lui permet d'être monté et démonté du disque 12 facilement. La fonction de la surface de réflexion sera décrite ultérieurement.The installation 24 may also include one (or more) mask (s) 66 (visible on the figure 6 ) positioned on the disc 12 so as to protect the upstream side wall 12a and / or the downstream side wall 12b from the jet 30 of protective material. This mask 66 can also be made of silicone which allows it to be mounted and dismounted from the disc 12 easily. The function of the reflection surface will be described later.

On se réfère maintenant aux figures 5 et 6 qui illustrent deux étapes d'un procédé de dépôt d'un revêtement de protection par projection sur les léchettes 16, 18, 20 du tambour 10.We now refer to Figures 5 and 6 which illustrate two steps of a method of depositing a protective coating by projection onto the wipers 16, 18, 20 of the drum 10.

Ce procédé comprend les étapes consistant à :

  1. a) disposer les moyens de réflexion 34, par déformation élastique, axialement entre ladite paroi latérale aval 12b du disque 12 et la première léchette 16, et
  2. b) projeter, via les moyens de projection 28, un jet 30 de matériau de protection en direction des moyens de réflexion 34 de manière à ce que le jet 30 de protection impacte la première face 16a, en regard du disque 12, de la première léchette 16.
This process includes the steps of:
  1. a) arranging the reflection means 34, by elastic deformation, axially between said downstream side wall 12b of the disc 12 and the first wiper 16, and
  2. b) projecting, via the projection means 28, a jet 30 of protective material towards the reflection means 34 so that the protection jet 30 impacts the first face 16a, facing the disc 12, of the first wiper 16.

Plus précisément, le jet 30 venant impacter la surface de réflexion convexe 64 des moyens de réflexion 34 est redirigé, par ailleurs, vers la première face 16a de la première léchette 16.More specifically, the jet 30 impacting the convex reflection surface 64 of the reflection means 34 is redirected, moreover, towards the first face 16a of the first wiper 16.

Contrairement aux solutions de l'art antérieur illustrées en Sa, S1 et S2 sur la figure 1, la première face 16a de la première léchette 16 peut être recouverte du matériau de protection de façon à répondre aux spécifications techniques. En effet, avec la solution antérieure Sa, dans laquelle le jet 30 garde son orientation pour recouvrir la première face 16a, 18a, 20a de chacune des léchettes 16, 18, 20, on voit que la trajectoire du jet 30 trouve un obstacle comprenant le disque 12 et ne peut pas atteindre la première surface 16a de la première léchette 16.Unlike the solutions of the prior art illustrated in Sa, S1 and S2 on the figure 1 , the first face 16a of the first wiper 16 can be covered with the protective material so as to meet the technical specifications. Indeed, with the previous solution Sa, in which the jet 30 keeps its orientation to cover the first face 16a, 18a, 20a of each of the wipers 16, 18, 20, it can be seen that the trajectory of the jet 30 finds an obstacle comprising the disc 12 and cannot reach the first surface 16a of the first wiper 16.

La première solution S1 initialement envisagée, illustre que si l'orientation des moyens de projection 28 est modifiée pour permettre de recouvrir la première face 16a de la première léchette, sans que le disque 12 ne forme obstacle, la distance des moyens de projection 28 par rapport à l'axe A du tambour 10 doit être modifiée, et que le jet 30 se concentre en un point de la surface ce qui empêche que la couche soit structurellement conforme aux spécifications techniques.The first solution S1 initially envisaged, illustrates that if the orientation of the projection means 28 is modified to allow covering the first face 16a of the first wiper, without the disc 12 forming an obstacle, the distance of the projection means 28 by relative to the axis A of the drum 10 must be modified, and that the jet 30 is concentrated at a point on the surface which prevents the layer from being structurally conform to the technical specifications.

En variante à la première solution S1, on a illustré, toujours sur la figure 1, une solution S2 dans laquelle l'orientation des moyens de projection 28 est plus tangentielle à l'axe A du tambour 10. Toutefois, une telle modification d'orientation ne fait qu'accroître le problème de la solution antérieure Sa en ce que le disque 12 forme un obstacle plus important que dans Sa. De plus, la distance des moyens de projection 28 par rapport à l'axe A est largement modifiée contrairement aux spécifications techniques.As a variant to the first solution S1, we have illustrated, still on the figure 1 , a solution S2 in which the orientation of the projection means 28 is more tangential to the axis A of the drum 10. However, such a modification of orientation only increases the problem of the previous solution Sa in that the disc 12 forms a larger obstacle than in Sa. In addition, the distance of the projection means 28 relative to the axis A is largely modified contrary to the technical specifications.

L'orientation des moyens de projection 28 pour la projection du jet 30 de matériau de protection, et plus particulièrement l'orientation de la sortie 54 de la buse 36, est donc importante.The orientation of the projection means 28 for the projection of the jet 30 of protective material, and more particularly the orientation of the outlet 54 of the nozzle 36, is therefore important.

Pour définir cette orientation, on positionne la buse 36 de sorte que la direction de projection du jet 30 de matériau forme avec un plan radial P1 interceptant ladite direction au point d'impact 68 du jet sur les moyens de réflexion 34 un angle α compris entre 0 et 25°. Cet angle α est mesuré lorsque la sortie 54 des moyens de projection 34 du matériau est située à l'opposé du disque 12 par rapport audit plan radial P1.To define this orientation, the nozzle 36 is positioned so that the direction of projection of the jet of material 30 forms with a radial plane P1 intercepting said direction at the point of impact 68 of the jet on the reflection means 34 an angle α between 0 and 25 °. This angle α is measured when the outlet 54 of the projection means 34 of the material is located opposite the disc 12 relative to said radial plane P1.

L'épaisseur du jet 30 étant définie selon un protocole particulier, il est nécessaire que les moyens de projection 34 soient déplacés axialement de sorte que les moyens de projection 34 puissent projeter le matériau sur toutes les léchettes 16, 18, 20.The thickness of the jet 30 being defined according to a particular protocol, it is necessary for the projection means 34 to be displaced axially so that the projection means 34 can project the material onto all the wipers 16, 18, 20.

Ainsi, dans une autre étape du procédé, les moyens de projection sont déplacés axialement, dans un premier sens orienté depuis les léchettes 16, 18, 20 vers le disque 12 agencé en amont, ce premier sens de déplacement étant représenté par la flèche F1 sur la figure 5. Selon ce premier sens de déplacement, le jet 30 de matériau peut alors atteindre la deuxième face 16b, 18b, 20b de toutes les léchettes 16, 18, 20 et la première face 16a de la première léchette 16 par rebond 70 sur la surface de réflexion convexe 64 des moyens de réflexion 34.Thus, in another step of the method, the projection means are moved axially, in a first direction oriented from the wipers 16, 18, 20 towards the disc 12 arranged upstream, this first direction of movement being represented by the arrow F1 on the figure 5 . According to this first direction of movement, the jet 30 of material can then reach the second face 16b, 18b, 20b of all the wipers 16, 18, 20 and the first face 16a of the first wiper 16 by rebound 70 on the reflection surface convex 64 reflection means 34.

Sur la figure 5, le déplacement, dans le premier sens, des moyens de projection 28, et donc du jet 30, est encore matérialisé par la présence en pointillés d'une position intermédiaire de ceux-ci avant une position quasi-finale en traits pleins.On the figure 5 , the displacement, in the first direction, of the projection means 28, and therefore of the jet 30, is further materialized by the presence in dotted lines of an intermediate position of these before a quasi-final position in solid lines.

Encore dans une autre étape succédant au déplacement des moyens de projection dans le premier sens, les moyens de projection 28 sont réorientés, par symétrie par rapport à un plan transversal P2 perpendiculaire à l'axe A du tambour 10. P2 est situé à une distance axiale L du disque amont 12 plus grande que la distance axiale I entre P1 et le disque amont 12. En outre, P2 est sensiblement parallèle à P1.In yet another step following the displacement of the projection means in the first direction, the projection means 28 are reoriented, by symmetry with respect to a transverse plane P2 perpendicular to the axis A of the drum 10. P2 is located at a distance axial L of the upstream disc 12 greater than the axial distance I between P1 and the upstream disc 12. In addition, P2 is substantially parallel to P1.

Lorsque les moyens de projection 28 sont réorientés, ils sont déplacés axialement, dans un second sens, opposé au premier sens, ce second sens de déplacement étant représenté par la flèche F2 sur la figure 6. Selon ce second sens de déplacement, le jet 30 de matériau peut alors atteindre la première face 18a, 20a de la deuxième léchette 18 et de la troisième léchette 20.When the projection means 28 are reoriented, they are moved axially, in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, this second direction of movement being represented by the arrow F2 on the figure 6 . According to this second direction of movement, the jet of material 30 can then reach the first face 18a, 20a of the second wiper 18 and of the third wiper 20.

Il est à noter qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de démonter les moyens de réflexion 34 de la pièce 10.It should be noted that it is not necessary to dismantle the reflection means 34 of the part 10.

Sur la figure 6, le déplacement, dans le second sens, des moyens de projection 28, et donc du jet 30, est encore matérialisé par la présence en pointillés d'une position intermédiaire de ceux-ci avant une position quasi-finale en traits pleins.On the figure 6 , the displacement, in the second direction, of the projection means 28, and therefore of the jet 30, is further materialized by the presence in dotted lines of an intermediate position of these before a quasi-final position in solid lines.

Lorsque la première face 16a, 18a, 20a et la deuxième face 16b, 18b, 20b de chaque léchette 16, 18, 20 sont revêtues du matériau de protection, les moyens de réflexion 34 peuvent être retirés, dans une dernière étape.When the first face 16a, 18a, 20a and the second face 16b, 18b, 20b of each wiper 16, 18, 20 are coated with the protective material, the reflection means 34 can be removed, in a last step.

Le procédé et l'installation décrite permettent donc de réaliser un revêtement, répondant aux spécifications techniques, de la première face 16a, 18a, 20a et de la deuxième face 16b, 18b, 20b de chacune des léchettes 16, 18, 20.The method and the installation described therefore make it possible to produce a coating, meeting the technical specifications, of the first face 16a, 18a, 20a and of the second face 16b, 18b, 20b of each of the wipers 16, 18, 20.

Par ailleurs, le premier sens F1 et le second sens F2 de déplacement peuvent être inversés.Furthermore, the first direction F1 and the second direction F2 of displacement can be reversed.

Claims (12)

  1. Method of applying a protective coating by spraying onto annular protuberances (16, 18, 20) of a component (10) comprising at least one first annular element (12) and an annular part (14) bearing the protuberances (16, 18, 20) extending axially from a side wall (12a) of the first element (12), wherein a first protuberance (16) is arranged axially closest to the first element (16) and bears a face (16a) opposite to the first element (12), characterised in that it comprises the following stages:
    a) applying reflection means (34) axially on the component (10) between said side wall (12b) of the first element (12) and the first annular protuberance (16), wherein these reflection means (34) comprise a split and elastically deformable ring tightly mounted around the annular portion (14),
    b) spraying, via spraying means (28), a spray (30) of a protective material towards the reflection means (34) such that the protective spray (30) impacts the face (16a) of the first protuberance (16) that is opposite to the first element (12).
  2. Method according to claim 1, wherein, during stage b) the spraying direction of the spray (30) of material forms an angle (α) of between 0 and 25° with a radial plane (P1) intercepting said direction at the point of impact (68) of the spray (30) on the reflection means (34), with a nozzle outlet (54) of the material spraying means (28) being located opposite to the disc (12) in relation to said radial plane (P1).
  3. Method according to claim 2, comprising a stage involving axial movement of the spraying means (28), in a first direction oriented from the protuberances (16, 18, 20) towards the first element (12), such that the spray (30) of material reaches all the protuberances (16, 18, 20) and the reflection means (34).
  4. Method according to claim 3, comprising a stage involving reorienting the spraying means (28), by symmetry in relation to a transversal plane (P2) perpendicular to the axis (A) of the component (10) and moving said means axially, in a second direction, opposite to the first direction.
  5. Method according to any of the above claims, comprising a stage involving removing the reflection means (34) from the component (10).
  6. Method according to any of the above claims, wherein the ring is made of polymeric material, particularly silicone, having a hardness of between 35 and 65 Shore A.
  7. Method according to any of the above claims, wherein one radially external end (22) of the outer wall (12a) of the first element (12) is located radially outside a radially external end (16c, 18c, 20c) of the protuberances (16, 18, 20).
  8. Method according to any of the above claims, in which the face (16a) and the side wall (12a) are annular.
  9. Method according to any of the above claims, wherein the component (10) is a turbine engine drum, wherein the first element (12) is a disc of the drum, the annular portion (14) is a shroud of the drum and the annular protuberances (16) are annular lips.
  10. Method according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the annular portion comprises a substantially cylindrical wall on which a cylindrical wall of the ring is tightly mounted.
  11. Method according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the annular portion comprises a radial wall in axial abutment against the side wall (12b) of the first element (12).
  12. Assembly comprising a component (10) featuring at least one first element (12) and an annular portion (14) bearing protuberances (16, 18, 20) and the annular portion (14) extending axially from the side wall (12b) of said first element (12), spraying means (28) for a spray (30) of protective material arranged radially outside the component (10), characterised in that the assembly also comprises reflection means (34) for said spray (30) of spraying material, the reflection means (34) being a split and elastically deformable ring tightly mounted around the annular portion (14) axially between said downstream side wall (12b) of the first element (12) and a first annular protuberance (16), the reflection means (34) being able to reflect the spray (30) of material towards the face (16a) of the first protuberance (16) which is opposite to the first element (12).
EP18169178.3A 2017-04-28 2018-04-25 Method for depositing a protective coating by spraying and corresponding installation Active EP3396012B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1753753A FR3065736B1 (en) 2017-04-28 2017-04-28 PROCESS FOR DEPOSITING A PROTECTIVE COATING BY SPRAYING AND CORRESPONDING INSTALLATION

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EP3396012A1 EP3396012A1 (en) 2018-10-31
EP3396012B1 true EP3396012B1 (en) 2019-12-25

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EP18169178.3A Active EP3396012B1 (en) 2017-04-28 2018-04-25 Method for depositing a protective coating by spraying and corresponding installation

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US (1) US20180311685A1 (en)
EP (1) EP3396012B1 (en)
CN (1) CN108787371A (en)
FR (1) FR3065736B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4743165A (en) * 1986-10-22 1988-05-10 United Technologies Corporation Drum rotors for gas turbine engines
US5691018A (en) * 1995-12-15 1997-11-25 Caterpillar Inc. Silicone mask for thermal spray coating system
US20160010199A1 (en) * 2012-07-11 2016-01-14 General Electric Company Processes and systems for depositing coating systems, and components coated therewith
FR3018210B1 (en) * 2014-03-05 2021-05-21 Messier Bugatti Dowty PROCESS FOR MAKING A DEPOSIT BY PROJECTION IN A RECESS

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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FR3065736A1 (en) 2018-11-02
EP3396012A1 (en) 2018-10-31
FR3065736B1 (en) 2020-11-13
US20180311685A1 (en) 2018-11-01
CN108787371A (en) 2018-11-13

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