EP3390692A1 - Electrochemical cell and process - Google Patents
Electrochemical cell and processInfo
- Publication number
- EP3390692A1 EP3390692A1 EP16788728.0A EP16788728A EP3390692A1 EP 3390692 A1 EP3390692 A1 EP 3390692A1 EP 16788728 A EP16788728 A EP 16788728A EP 3390692 A1 EP3390692 A1 EP 3390692A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- volume
- catalyst
- electrochemical cell
- anode
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electrochemical cells, particularly electrochemical cells for synthesis of ammonia NH 3 .
- the present invention also relates to processes for synthesis of ammonia N3 ⁇ 4 .
- the present invention seeks to provide alternative methods and apparatus for the synthesis of ammonia from water and nitrogen N 2 .
- Fig. 1 illustrates an exemplary electrochemical cell as provided by an embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 2 shows an expanded 3D grid structure of a catalyst used in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 The embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 1 comprises an electrochemical cell 10 with three porously partitioned volumes 1-3.
- the first volume 1 contains a nitride conductor 20 such as a molten salt eutectic, for example LiCl/KCl/LisN .
- a nitride conductor 20 such as a molten salt eutectic, for example LiCl/KCl/LisN .
- steam H 2 0 is introduced into this first volume through a steam inlet 5.
- a steam diffuser 22 may be provided to ensure wide distribution of inlet steam.
- the second volume 2 is a cathode gas electrode. Nitrogen gas 2 26 is introduced into this gas electrode, on a surface of the porous electrode 24 away from the nitride conductor 20.
- the third volume 3 is an anode gas electrode.
- a porous electrode 28 is in contact with the nitride conductor 20 on one side.
- a DC power supply 7 applies a potential difference between the two porous electrodes 24, 28, with the more positive voltage +V being applied to the anode gas electrode 3 and the more negative voltage -V being applied to the cathode gas electrode 2.
- the applied potential difference may be in the region of 0.5 V to 2 V.
- the nitride ions migrate towards the anode under the influence of the voltage gradient between the anode and the cathode.
- the nitride ions encounter and react with steam (water) to produce ammonia:
- Ammonia is accordingly produced from nitrogen gas and steam.
- the ammonia diffuses through the nitride conductor 20 to be evolved at the surface of the nitride conductor.
- An enclosure 6 traps the evolved ammonia gas and allows it to be harvested.
- the resulting oxide ions migrate towards the anode under the potential gradient between the electrodes.
- Ammonia gas diffuses through nitride conductor 20 and is trapped in enclosure 6. It may be dried and cleaned as necessary, and may be stored for later use.
- the structure of the electrochemical cell of the present invention allows steam 3 ⁇ 40 to be used as the source of hydrogen in the ammonia product, rather than hydrogen 3 ⁇ 4 as was commonly the case in conventional methods and apparatus for synthesising ammonia. This enables the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia N3 ⁇ 4 without requiring a separate electrolysis stage to generate hydrogen 3 ⁇ 4, or the need to buy and store hydrogen 3 ⁇ 4, resulting in a much simpler system design .
- a particular feature of the present invention is the solid catalyst 4 provided within the first volume 1.
- the solid catalyst is provided in the form of a 3D grid structure. In another embodiment of the invention, the solid catalyst is provided in the form of a wool structure. Other structures may be used, such as spheres or other shapes made of, or coated with, a catalyst material.
- the catalyst is provided on a relatively open structure: a 3D grid, a wool structure, spheres or other shapes and so on.
- the structure may be made of the catalyst .
- the relatively open structure ensures that fluids can pass through the catalyst structure relatively freely, in close proximity to the catalyst.
- the structure such as the 3D grid, wool, spheres, other shapes etc. enables the catalyst to effectively be suspended in the nitride solution in such a way that (a) the steam injected through the inlet structure 22 has a good chance of interacting with the catalyst 4; (b) that the ion movement through the nitride conductor 20 is not significantly impeded by the presence of the catalyst and (c) ammonia N3 ⁇ 4 which is produced in the nitride conductor and at the surface of the catalyst can rise upwards to the enclosure 6 for collection.
- Suitable catalyst materials include known Fe-based catalysts and Ru-based catalysts. A discussion of suitable catalysts is provided in reference [7].
- the electrochemical cell and the synthesis method, of the present invention may be applied to the production of other gaseous products from first and second ionic components.
- means are provided for introducing a first source material 5 (in the above example, steam 3 ⁇ 40) into the first volume 1 and means are provided for introducing a second source material 26 (in the above example, nitrogen N 2 ) to a cathode 24.
- An electrolyte in the above example in the form of the nitride conductor
- Voltages +V and -V are applied respectively to the anode and cathode.
- a first ionic component in the above example, N 3 ⁇ ) is produced from the second source material.
- the first ionic component traverses the electrolyte under the influence of the voltage gradient between the anode and the ground electrode, towards the anode.
- the first ionic component encounters the first source material, and a reaction takes place to generate a product (in the above example, ammonia N3 ⁇ 4) and an ionic by-product (in the above example, oxide ions 0 2 ⁇ ) .
- the ionic by-product continues to traverse the electrolyte under the influence of the voltage gradient between the anode and the ground electrode, towards the anode.
- the ionic by-product gives up its charge and becomes an evolved by-product (in the above example, oxygen 0 2 ) .
- Means should be provided to collect the product and preferably also the evolved by-product. Means may also be provided to collect any by-products generated at the anode or cathode .
- anode is described as a gas electrode arranged for collection of a gaseous by-product, such arrangement may not be necessary in electrochemical cells set up to perform a different reaction. In such cases, it may be sufficient to provide a solid cathode, in which case the third volume 3 may be omitted.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1522169.0A GB2545444B (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2015-12-16 | An electrochemical cell with a steam inlet and a solid catalyst structure |
PCT/EP2016/076452 WO2017102167A1 (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2016-11-02 | Electrochemical cell and process |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3390692A1 true EP3390692A1 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
EP3390692B1 EP3390692B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
Family
ID=55274828
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16788728.0A Not-in-force EP3390692B1 (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2016-11-02 | Electrochemical cell and process |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3390692B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6952698B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2016369851B2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2545444B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017102167A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113061912A (en) * | 2019-12-15 | 2021-07-02 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Medium-temperature electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis reactor based on membrane concept |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6881308B2 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2005-04-19 | Lynntech, Inc. | Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia |
DE112005000495T5 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2008-07-17 | Ebara Corp. | Method and device for generating hydrogen |
JP5127385B2 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2013-01-23 | 学校法人同志社 | Ammonia electrosynthesis system |
EP2688841B1 (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2016-01-06 | Ceramatec, Inc | Ammonia synthesis using lithium ion conductive membrane |
US10982339B2 (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2021-04-20 | C2Cnt Llc | Process for the production of ammonia from air and water |
-
2015
- 2015-12-16 GB GB1522169.0A patent/GB2545444B/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-11-02 JP JP2018531439A patent/JP6952698B2/en active Active
- 2016-11-02 AU AU2016369851A patent/AU2016369851B2/en active Active
- 2016-11-02 EP EP16788728.0A patent/EP3390692B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2016-11-02 WO PCT/EP2016/076452 patent/WO2017102167A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2545444B (en) | 2018-05-30 |
AU2016369851B2 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
JP6952698B2 (en) | 2021-10-20 |
GB2545444A (en) | 2017-06-21 |
AU2016369851A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
WO2017102167A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 |
EP3390692B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
GB201522169D0 (en) | 2016-01-27 |
JP2019505663A (en) | 2019-02-28 |
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