EP3389935B1 - Control method and hand-held machine tool - Google Patents

Control method and hand-held machine tool Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3389935B1
EP3389935B1 EP16806096.0A EP16806096A EP3389935B1 EP 3389935 B1 EP3389935 B1 EP 3389935B1 EP 16806096 A EP16806096 A EP 16806096A EP 3389935 B1 EP3389935 B1 EP 3389935B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill
rotating direction
rotational speed
hand
value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16806096.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3389935A1 (en
Inventor
Carsten Peters
Helene KAPS
Markus Hartmann
Klaus-Peter Bohn
Thilo Hammers
Bastian Pluemacher
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Hilti AG
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Hilti AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3389935A1 publication Critical patent/EP3389935A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D16/00—Portable percussive machines with superimposed rotation, the rotational movement of the output shaft of a motor being modified to generate axial impacts on the tool bit
    • B25D16/006—Mode changers; Mechanisms connected thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
    • B25D11/06—Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D11/062—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a wobbling mechanism, swash plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D17/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
    • B25D17/06—Hammer pistons; Anvils ; Guide-sleeves for pistons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/006—Vibration damping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2216/00—Details of portable percussive machines with superimposed rotation, the rotational movement of the output shaft of a motor being modified to generate axial impacts on the tool bit
    • B25D2216/0007—Details of percussion or rotation modes
    • B25D2216/0023—Tools having a percussion-and-rotation mode
    • B25D2216/003—Tools having a percussion-and-rotation mode comprising de-phasing of percussion and rotation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2222/00—Materials of the tool or the workpiece
    • B25D2222/21—Metals
    • B25D2222/42—Steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2222/00—Materials of the tool or the workpiece
    • B25D2222/72—Stone, rock or concrete
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/195—Regulation means
    • B25D2250/201—Regulation means for speed, e.g. drilling or percussion speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/221—Sensors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a control method according to the preamble of claim 1 for a drill-chiseling hand tool that simultaneously rotates a drill and strikes the drill longitudinally, and a hand tool according to the preamble of claim 8 and as of DE 199 61 586 A1 known.
  • US4732218 describes a hammer drill.
  • the hammer drill has a pneumatic hammer mechanism that periodically strikes a drill.
  • the drill is also rotated about its longitudinal axis.
  • the hammer drill is used in particular to drill holes in mineral building materials, such as concrete.
  • the drills used are therefore optimized for processing mineral building materials.
  • the drill can hit a reinforcing iron. The drilling progress is then very low.
  • US6640205 describes a hammer drill that examines returning shock waves in the drill during the excavation of a subsoil. A material composition of the substrate is determined based on the shock waves.
  • the control method according to the invention is defined in claim 1 and is for a drill-chiseling hand machine tool for working on a substrate by means of a drill.
  • the handheld power tool has a tool holder for holding a drill on a working axis, a rotary drive for rotating the tool holder about the working axis and a striking mechanism for striking the drill.
  • the control method has the steps: superimposing a periodic impact on the drill with a number of strokes and a rotation of the tool holder at a speed in one direction of rotation; Determining a material of the subsurface machined by the drill; and setting the speed and / or direction of rotation based on the determined material, the speed being set to a first value and a first direction of rotation for an iron-based material, the speed being set to a second value and a second direction of rotation for a mineral material, and wherein the first value is less than the second value or the first direction of rotation is counterclockwise and the second direction of rotation is clockwise.
  • the handheld machine first recognizes which material is currently being processed by the drill.
  • the hand machine tool In the case of mineral material, the hand machine tool is operated in the standard mode with typically maximum impact power and turning power. The turning capacity is reduced with iron-based material.
  • the drilling dust is no longer effectively extracted from the borehole. Part of the mineral drilling dust remains near the drill bit, which leads to a more effective breakdown of the iron-bearing material, e.g. reinforcing iron.
  • a stroke rate of the striking mechanism is independent of the speed and / or direction of rotation.
  • the number of blows preferably differs by less than 20%. Effective mining of both the mineral and the iron-based material is achieved with maximum impact performance.
  • the conversion angle of the tool holder between two successive strokes is between 1 degree and 10 degrees at the first speed and greater than 30 degrees at the second speed.
  • the handheld power tool according to the invention is defined in claim 8 and has a tool holder for holding a drill bit on a working axis, an electric motor, a striking mechanism which has a racket moving along the working axis with a number of strokes, a rotary drive which rotates the tool holder at a speed in one Driving direction of rotation.
  • An actuating device is set up to set the speed and / or direction of rotation of the rotary drive independently of the number of blows of the striking mechanism.
  • the handheld power tool can change the speed or direction of rotation automatically or by the user in order to suitably adapt it to the ground; in both operating modes supported by an efficient striking mechanism.
  • the striking mechanism is preferably a pneumatic striking mechanism driven by the electric motor.
  • Fig. 1 a hammer drill Identical or functionally identical elements are indicated by the same reference symbols in the figures, unless stated otherwise.
  • Fig. 1 shows a hammer drill 1 as an example of a striking hand-held machine tool.
  • the hammer drill 1 has a tool holder 2 , in which a drill, chisel or other striking drill 4 can be inserted and locked coaxially with a working axis 3 .
  • the hammer drill 1 has a pneumatic hammer mechanism 5 , which can periodically exert impacts in a hammer direction 6 on the drill 4 .
  • a rotary drive 7 can continuously rotate the tool holder 2 about the working axis 3 .
  • the pneumatic percussion mechanism 5 and the rotary drive are driven by an electric motor 8 , which is supplied with electric current from a battery 9 or a mains cable.
  • the striking mechanism 5 and the rotary drive 7 are arranged in a machine housing 10 .
  • a handle 11 is typically arranged on a side of the machine housing 10 facing away from the tool holder 2 .
  • the user can hold and guide the hammer drill 1 in operation by means of the handle 11 .
  • An additional auxiliary handle can be attached near the tool holder 2 .
  • An operating button 12 is arranged on or near the handle 11 , which the user can preferably actuate with the holding hand.
  • the electric motor 8 is switched on by actuating the operating button 12 . Typically, the electric motor 8 rotates as long as the operating button 12 is held down.
  • the drill 4 is movable in the tool holder 2 along the working axis 3 .
  • the drill 4 has an elongated groove in which a ball or another locking body of the tool holder 2 engages.
  • the user holds the drill 4 in a working position in that the user presses the drill 4 indirectly onto a subsurface through the hammer drill 1 .
  • the drill 4 has a drill head made of sintered metal carbide and a helix for the removal of drillings from the borehole.
  • the tool holder 2 is attached to a spindle 13 of the rotary drive 7 .
  • the tool holder 2 can rotate relative to the machine housing 10 about the working axis 3 .
  • Claws or other suitable means in the tool holder 2 transmit torque from the tool holder 2 to the drill 4.
  • the pneumatic striking mechanism 5 has an exciter 14 , a striker 15 and a striker 16 along the striking direction 6 .
  • the exciter 14 is forced to perform a periodic movement along the working axis 3 by means of the electric motor 8 .
  • the exciter 14 is connected via a gear component 14 for converting the rotary movement of the electric motor 8 in a periodic, translational movement along the working axis 3 .
  • An exemplary transmission component includes an eccentric wheel or a swash plate.
  • a period of the translational movement of the exciter 14 is predetermined by the speed of the electric motor 8 and possibly a reduction ratio in the gear component 14 .
  • the racket 15 couples to the movement of the exciter 14 via an air spring.
  • the air spring is formed by a pneumatic chamber 17 which is closed between the exciter 14 and the striker 15 .
  • the racket 15 moves in the striking direction 6 until the racket 15 hits the striker 16 .
  • the striker 16 bears against the drill 4 in the direction of impact 6 and transmits the impact to the drill 4.
  • the period of movement of the racket is identical to the period of movement of the exciter 14.
  • the racket 15 thus strikes with a number of strokes which is the same the inverse of the period.
  • the principle of action of the air spring sets narrow limits for the period or the number of blows, since the efficiency of the pneumatic coupling depends on an essentially resonant excitation.
  • the striker 15 In the event of a deviation of more than 20% from an optimal number of strokes, the striker 15 typically no longer follows the movement of the exciter 14.
  • the optimal number of strokes is predetermined by the mass of the striker 15 and the geometric dimensions of the pneumatic chamber 17 .
  • An optimal number of strokes is in the range between 25 Hz and 100 Hz.
  • the exemplary striking mechanism 5 has a piston-shaped exciter 14 and a piston-shaped striker 15 , which are guided along the working axis 3 by a guide tube 18 .
  • the exciter 14 and the striker 15 rest with their outer surfaces on the inner surface of the guide tube 18 .
  • the pneumatic chamber 17 is closed by the exciter 14 and the striker 15 along the working axis 3 and by the guide tube 18 in the radial direction. Sealing rings in the lateral surfaces of exciter 14 and striker 15 can improve the airtight seal of the pneumatic chamber 17 .
  • the exciter 14 is driven by the electric motor 8 .
  • An eccentric wheel 19 or another converter converts the rotary movement of the electric motor 8 into the periodic translational movement of the exciter 14 .
  • the eccentric wheel 19 is connected to the electric motor 8 via a partial train 20 of a drive train 21 .
  • the rotary drive 7 contains the spindle 13 , which is arranged coaxially to the working axis 3 .
  • the spindle 13 is hollow, for example, and the striking mechanism 5 is arranged inside the spindle.
  • the tool holder 2 is placed on the spindle 13 .
  • the tool holder 2 can be detachably or permanently connected to the spindle 13 via a locking mechanism.
  • the spindle 13 is connected to the electric motor 8 via a reduction gear 22 .
  • the speed of the spindle 13 is lower than the speed of the electric motor 8.
  • a slip clutch 23 can be connected between the reduction gear 22 and the spindle 13 .
  • the spindle 13 preferably rotates continuously at a predetermined speed.
  • the speed is predetermined by the reduction gear 22 .
  • the reduction gear 22 has two different reductions.
  • the first reduction is optimized for the extraction of mineral rock with a conventional drill 4.
  • the speed of the spindle 13 in the first reduction is between 200 revolutions per minute (rpm) and 1000 rpm and the spindle 13 turns right-handed .
  • the drill 4 rotates between two successive blows by a conversion angle of more than 30 degrees, for example more than 30 degrees, at most 75 degrees.
  • the typical transfer angle results in an efficient removal of drilling material from the borehole with the conventional drills 4.
  • the second reduction is intended for the dismantling of iron-based materials, such as a reinforcing iron.
  • the speed is greatly reduced compared to the first reduction, for example the speed is below 20 rpm.
  • the striking mechanism 5 proposes superimposed on the rotary movement periodically with a twist number of more than 5 beats per second on the drill bit 4.
  • a translation angle of the drill 4 between two blows is preferably less than 10 degrees, for example less than 5 degrees, preferably about 1 degree.
  • the helix of the drill 4 transports less or no drilling material out of the borehole.
  • the second reduction can cause the spindle 13 to run counterclockwise.
  • the drill 4 conveys the material to be drilled into the borehole instead of conveying it out.
  • the drill material remaining in the borehole proves to be advantageous for removing the reinforcing iron with the drill 4.
  • the user can preferably operate the reduction gear 22 with a selector switch 24 .
  • the user recognizes, for example, from an abruptly decreasing drilling progress that a reinforcing bar is working, or from one suddenly increasing drilling progress that mineral material is processed again.
  • the selector switch 24 has at least two switch positions. A first switch position is for the superimposed drilling and chiseling mining of mineral material; a second switch position is for the superimposed drilling and chiseling removal of ferrous material. In the first switching position, the reduction gear 22 is switched to the first reduction and in the second switching position, the reduction gear 22 is switched to the second reduction.
  • the number of strokes of the pneumatic striking mechanism 5 is the same or approximately the same in both switching positions, preferably the striking mechanism 5 operates in both switching positions with the highest efficiency or highest degradation capacity.
  • the direction of rotation of the spindle 13 is set to a counterclockwise rotation in the second switching position in order to reduce the removal of the drill material.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an exemplary step-down (manual) gear 22 in the form of a spur gear.
  • Two pinions 25 with different diameters are fastened on a driving shaft; two gearwheels 26 are mounted on an output shaft.
  • the gears are permanently engaged with one of the two pinions.
  • a pull wedge 27 couples one of the gearwheels to the driven shaft.
  • the pull wedge can also be arranged on the driving shaft.
  • the transmission 22 can be shifted by axially displacing the pinions or gear wheels.
  • the transmission can also be realized by a planetary gear.
  • Two of the components of the ring gear, planet carrier and sun gear are connected to the driving shaft and the driven shaft.
  • a switchable brake allows the remaining third component to rotate freely or inhibit its rotation, depending on the switching position.
  • An actuating device 28 can switch the transmission 22 manually.
  • the actuating device 28 contains, for example, the selector switch 24.
  • a mechanical linkage transmits the position of the selector switch 24 to the gearbox 22.
  • the actuating device 28 can alternatively switch the gearbox 22 by means of an actuator 29 .
  • the actuator 29 can be electromagnetic, piezoelectric, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.
  • the actuator 29 actuates the pull wedge 27 , displaces the pinions or gears, or activates the brake.
  • the actuating device 28 can switch the transmission 22 automatically.
  • a sensor 30 detects the suitable reduction ratio for the transmission 22 and switches the transmission 22 with the actuator 29.
  • the hammer drill 1 can automatically recognize the surface on which the drill 4 strikes.
  • the impacts of the drill 4 on the mineral rock are dampened more than the impacts of the drill 4 on the iron-containing reinforcing bars.
  • the drill 4 and the Hammer drill 1 thus experience a different retroactive force with the two materials.
  • the vibrations in the hammer drill 1 are significantly higher with an iron-containing material than with the rock.
  • the exemplary hammer drill 1 has the sensor 30 for detecting vibrations.
  • the sensor 30 is preferably rigidly connected to the striking mechanism 5 or the machine housing 10 .
  • An exemplary sensor 30 has a free-swinging arm on which a piezoelectric polymer film is applied. When excited by the vibrations, the arm generates an electrical signal, which the sensor 30 evaluates.
  • the sensor 30 can be an acceleration sensor, which outputs acceleration values as a measure of vibrations.
  • the sensor can also be a microphone, preferably for detecting noises in infrasound.
  • the sensor 30 compares the vibrations with a threshold value. Exceeding the threshold is assigned to drilling ferrous material and falling below the threshold is assigned to drilling mineral material.
  • the threshold value depends on the impact performance of the striking mechanism 5 and can be determined by series of tests.
  • the sensor 30 or a microprocessor 31 can evaluate the vibrations.
  • the threshold value can be stored in the microprocessor 31 . Instead of the simple comparison with a threshold value, the drilling 4 of rock can be discriminated from the drilling of ferrous material on the basis of a more complex fingerprint.
  • the vibrations can be determined in one or more frequency bands.
  • a frequency band has, for example, the beat number as the middle frequency and, for example, a bandwidth of at most half the beat number.
  • the first harmonic frequency of the beat number can also be the mean frequency of a frequency band.
  • the rotary hammer 1 automatically switches the reduction gear 22 depending on the material detected by the sensor 30 .
  • a rapid reduction in speed is desired when the drill 4 hits a reinforcing iron. Otherwise, the drill 4 can still completely convey the material to be drilled out of the borehole.
  • the sensor 30 transmits a corresponding control signal to the actuator 29.
  • the removal of the drilling material from the borehole can also be prevented from changing the direction of rotation of the drill 4 .
  • the drills 4 convey the drill material from the borehole only when the tool holder 2 rotates clockwise.
  • the processing of the reinforcing iron can be instead of or in addition to one reduced speed with a counterclockwise rotation of the tool holder 2 .
  • the direction of rotation can be changed, for example, by the electric motor 8 , since the striking mechanism 5 operates essentially independently of the direction of rotation of the electric motor 8 .
  • the gear 22 has no influence on the speed of the eccentric 19 or the movement of the exciter 14.
  • the drive train 21 branches into a first sub-train 20 for the pneumatic hammer mechanism 5 and into a second sub-train 32 for the spindle 13.
  • the gear 22 is arranged in the second partial strand 32 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

GEBIET DER ERFINDUNGFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Steuerungsverfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 für eine bohrmeißelnde Handwerkzeugmaschine, die einen Bohrer gleichzeitig dreht und längs auf den Bohrer Schläge ausübt, und eine Handwerkzeugmaschine gemäß dem Obergriff des Anspruchs 8 und wie aus DE 199 61 586 A1 bekannt.The present invention relates to a control method according to the preamble of claim 1 for a drill-chiseling hand tool that simultaneously rotates a drill and strikes the drill longitudinally, and a hand tool according to the preamble of claim 8 and as of DE 199 61 586 A1 known.

US4732218 beschreibt einen Bohrhammer. Der Bohrhammer hat ein pneumatisches Schlagwerk, das periodisch Schläge auf einen Bohrer ausübt. Der Bohrer wird ferner um seine Längsachse gedreht. Der Bohrhammer wird insbesondere eingesetzt um Bohrlöcher in mineralische Baumaterialien, wie z.B. Beton, zu bohren. Die verwendeten Bohrer sind daher für die Bearbeitung von mineralischen Bauwerkstoffen optimiert. Allerdings kann der Bohrer auf ein Armierungseisen treffen. Der Bohrfortschritt ist dann sehr gering. US4732218 describes a hammer drill. The hammer drill has a pneumatic hammer mechanism that periodically strikes a drill. The drill is also rotated about its longitudinal axis. The hammer drill is used in particular to drill holes in mineral building materials, such as concrete. The drills used are therefore optimized for processing mineral building materials. However, the drill can hit a reinforcing iron. The drilling progress is then very low.

US6640205 beschreibt einen Bohrhammer, der während des Abbaus eines Untergrunds rücklaufende Stoßwellen in dem Bohrer untersucht. Basierend auf den Stoßwellen wird eine Materialzusammensetzung des Untergrunds ermittelt. US6640205 describes a hammer drill that examines returning shock waves in the drill during the excavation of a subsoil. A material composition of the substrate is determined based on the shock waves.

OFFENBARUNG DER ERFINDUNGDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

Das erfindungsgemäße Steuerungsverfahren ist im Anspruch 1 definiert und ist für eine bohrmeißelnde Handwerkzeugmaschine zum Bearbeiten eines Untergrunds mittels eines Bohrers. Die Handwerkzeugmaschine hat einen Werkzeughalter zum Haltern eines Bohrers auf einer Arbeitsachse, einen Drehantrieb zum Drehen des Werkzeughalters um die Arbeitsachse und ein Schlagwerk zum Ausüben von Schlägen auf den Bohrer aufweist. Das Steuerungsverfahren hat die Schritte: Überlagern eines periodischen Schlagens auf den Bohrer mit einer Schlagzahl und eines Drehens des Werkzeughalters mit einer Drehzahl in einer Drehrichtung; Ermitteln eines Materials des von dem Bohrer bearbeiteten Untergrunds; und Einstellen der Drehzahl und/oder Drehrichtung basierend auf dem ermittelten Materials, wobei bei einem eisenbasierten Material die Drehzahl auf einen ersten Wert und eine erste Drehrichtung eingestellt werden, bei einem mineralischen Material die Drehzahl auf einen zweiten Wert und eine zweite Drehrichtung eingestellt werden und wobei der erste Wert geringer als der zweite Wert ist oder die erste Drehrichtung linksläufig und die zweite Drehrichtung rechtsläufig ist.The control method according to the invention is defined in claim 1 and is for a drill-chiseling hand machine tool for working on a substrate by means of a drill. The handheld power tool has a tool holder for holding a drill on a working axis, a rotary drive for rotating the tool holder about the working axis and a striking mechanism for striking the drill. The control method has the steps: superimposing a periodic impact on the drill with a number of strokes and a rotation of the tool holder at a speed in one direction of rotation; Determining a material of the subsurface machined by the drill; and setting the speed and / or direction of rotation based on the determined material, the speed being set to a first value and a first direction of rotation for an iron-based material, the speed being set to a second value and a second direction of rotation for a mineral material, and wherein the first value is less than the second value or the first direction of rotation is counterclockwise and the second direction of rotation is clockwise.

Die Handwerkzeugmaschine erkennt zunächst, welches Material aktuell durch den Bohrer bearbeitet wird. Bei mineralischem Material wird die Handwerkzeugmaschine in dem Standardbetrieb mit typischerweise maximaler Schlagleistung und Drehleistung betrieben. Bei eisenbasiertem Material wird die Drehleistung reduziert. Das Bohrmehl wird nicht mehr effektiv aus dem Bohrloch gefördert. Ein Teil des mineralischen Bohrmehls verbleibt in der Nähe des Bohrkopfs, was zu einem effektiveren Abbau des eisenhalten Materials, z.B. des Armierungseisens, beiträgt.The handheld machine first recognizes which material is currently being processed by the drill. In the case of mineral material, the hand machine tool is operated in the standard mode with typically maximum impact power and turning power. The turning capacity is reduced with iron-based material. The drilling dust is no longer effectively extracted from the borehole. Part of the mineral drilling dust remains near the drill bit, which leads to a more effective breakdown of the iron-bearing material, e.g. reinforcing iron.

Eine Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass eine Schlagzahl des Schlagwerks unabhängig von Drehzahl und/oder Drehrichtung ist. Vorzugsweise unterscheidet sich bei eisenbasiertem Material und bei mineralischem Material die Schlagzahl um weniger als 20%. Ein effektiver Abbau sowohl des mineralischen als auch den eisenbasierten Material wird bei maximaler Schlagleistung erreicht. Eine Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass der Umsetzwinkel des Werkzeughalters zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Schlägen bei der ersten Drehzahl zwischen 1 Grad und 10 Grad und bei der zweiten Drehzahl größer 30 Grad ist.One embodiment provides that a stroke rate of the striking mechanism is independent of the speed and / or direction of rotation. In the case of iron-based material and mineral material, the number of blows preferably differs by less than 20%. Effective mining of both the mineral and the iron-based material is achieved with maximum impact performance. One embodiment provides that the conversion angle of the tool holder between two successive strokes is between 1 degree and 10 degrees at the first speed and greater than 30 degrees at the second speed.

Die erfindungsgemäße Handwerkzeugmaschine ist im Anspruch 8 definiert und hat einen Werkzeughalter zum Haltern eines bohrmeißelnden Bohrers auf einer Arbeitsachse, einen Elektromotor, ein Schlagwerk, das einen längs der Arbeitsachse mit einer Schlagzahl bewegten Schläger aufweist, einen Drehantrieb, der den Werkzeughalter mit einer Drehzahl in einer Drehrichtung drehend antreibt. Eine Stelleinrichtung ist zum Einstellen der Drehzahl und/oder Drehrichtung des Drehantriebs unabhängig von der Schlagzahl des Schlagwerks eingerichtet. Die Handwerkzeugmaschine kann selbsttätig oder durch den Anwender veranlasst die Drehzahl oder Drehrichtung ändern, um diese in geeigneter Weise dem Untergrund anzupassen; in beiden Betriebsmodi unterstützt durch ein effizient schlagendes Schlagwerk. Das Schlagwerk ist vorzugsweise ein von dem Elektromotor angetriebenes pneumatisches Schlagwerk.The handheld power tool according to the invention is defined in claim 8 and has a tool holder for holding a drill bit on a working axis, an electric motor, a striking mechanism which has a racket moving along the working axis with a number of strokes, a rotary drive which rotates the tool holder at a speed in one Driving direction of rotation. An actuating device is set up to set the speed and / or direction of rotation of the rotary drive independently of the number of blows of the striking mechanism. The handheld power tool can change the speed or direction of rotation automatically or by the user in order to suitably adapt it to the ground; in both operating modes supported by an efficient striking mechanism. The striking mechanism is preferably a pneumatic striking mechanism driven by the electric motor.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Die nachfolgende Beschreibung erläutert die Erfindung anhand von exemplarischen Ausführungsformen und Figuren. In den Figuren zeigen:
Fig. 1 einen Bohrhammer
Gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Elemente werden durch gleiche Bezugszeichen in den Figuren indiziert, soweit nicht anders angegeben.The following description explains the invention using exemplary embodiments and figures. The figures show:
Fig. 1 a hammer drill
Identical or functionally identical elements are indicated by the same reference symbols in the figures, unless stated otherwise.

AUSFÜHRUNGSFORMEN DER ERFINDUNGEMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Bohrhammer 1 als Beispiel für eine schlagende handgehaltene Werkzeugmaschine. Der Bohrhammer 1 hat einen Werkzeughalter 2, in welchen koaxial zu einer Arbeitsachse 3 ein Bohrer, Meißel oder anderes schlagendes Bohrer 4 eingesetzt und verriegelt werden kann. Der Bohrhammer 1 hat ein pneumatisches Schlagwerk 5, welches periodisch Schläge in einer Schlagrichtung 6 auf der Bohrer 4 ausüben kann. Ein Drehantrieb 7 kann den Werkzeughalter 2 kontinuierlich um die Arbeitsachse 3 drehen. Das pneumatische Schlagwerk 5 und der Drehantrieb sind von einem Elektromotor 8 angetrieben, welcher aus einer Batterie 9 oder einer Netzleitung mit elektrischem Strom gespeist wird. Fig. 1 shows a hammer drill 1 as an example of a striking hand-held machine tool. The hammer drill 1 has a tool holder 2 , in which a drill, chisel or other striking drill 4 can be inserted and locked coaxially with a working axis 3 . The hammer drill 1 has a pneumatic hammer mechanism 5 , which can periodically exert impacts in a hammer direction 6 on the drill 4 . A rotary drive 7 can continuously rotate the tool holder 2 about the working axis 3 . The pneumatic percussion mechanism 5 and the rotary drive are driven by an electric motor 8 , which is supplied with electric current from a battery 9 or a mains cable.

Das Schlagwerk 5 und der Drehantrieb 7 sind in einem Maschinengehäuse 10 angeordnet. Ein Handgriff 11 ist typischerweise an einer dem Werkzeughalter 2 abgewandten Seite des Maschinengehäuses 10 angeordnet. Der Anwender kann den Bohrhammer 1 mittels des Handgriffs 11 im Betrieb halten und führen. Ein zusätzlicher Hilfsgriff kann nahe dem Werkzeughalter 2 befestigt werden. An oder in der Nähe des Handgriffs 11 ist ein Betriebstaster 12 angeordnet, welchen der Anwender vorzugsweise mit der haltenden Hand betätigen kann. Der Elektromotor 8 wird durch Betätigen des Betriebstasters 12 eingeschaltet. Typischerweise dreht sich der Elektromotor 8 solange, wie der Betriebstaster 12 gedrückt gehalten ist.The striking mechanism 5 and the rotary drive 7 are arranged in a machine housing 10 . A handle 11 is typically arranged on a side of the machine housing 10 facing away from the tool holder 2 . The user can hold and guide the hammer drill 1 in operation by means of the handle 11 . An additional auxiliary handle can be attached near the tool holder 2 . An operating button 12 is arranged on or near the handle 11 , which the user can preferably actuate with the holding hand. The electric motor 8 is switched on by actuating the operating button 12 . Typically, the electric motor 8 rotates as long as the operating button 12 is held down.

Der Bohrer 4 ist in dem Werkzeughalter 2 längs der Arbeitsachse 3 beweglich. Beispielsweise hat der Bohrer 4 eine längliche Nut, in welche eine Kugel oder ein anderer Sperrkörper des Werkzeughalters 2 eingreift. Der Anwender hält der Bohrer 4 in einer Arbeitsstellung, indem der Anwender der Bohrer 4 mittelbar durch den Bohrhammer 1 an einen Untergrund anpresst. Der Bohrer 4 hat einen Bohrkopf aus gesintertem Metallkarbid und eine Wendel zum Abtransport von Bohrgut aus dem Bohrloch.The drill 4 is movable in the tool holder 2 along the working axis 3 . For example, the drill 4 has an elongated groove in which a ball or another locking body of the tool holder 2 engages. The user holds the drill 4 in a working position in that the user presses the drill 4 indirectly onto a subsurface through the hammer drill 1 . The drill 4 has a drill head made of sintered metal carbide and a helix for the removal of drillings from the borehole.

Der Werkzeughalter 2 ist an einer Spindel 13 des Drehantriebs 7 befestigt. Der Werkzeughalter 2 kann sich gegenüber dem Maschinengehäuse 10 um die Arbeitsachse 3 drehen. Klauen oder andere geeignete Mittel in dem Werkzeughalter 2 übertragen ein Drehmoment von dem Werkzeughalter 2 auf der Bohrer 4. The tool holder 2 is attached to a spindle 13 of the rotary drive 7 . The tool holder 2 can rotate relative to the machine housing 10 about the working axis 3 . Claws or other suitable means in the tool holder 2 transmit torque from the tool holder 2 to the drill 4.

Das pneumatische Schlagwerk 5 hat längs der Schlagrichtung 6 einen Erreger 14, einen Schläger 15 und einen Döpper 16. Der Erreger 14 wird mittels des Elektromotors 8 zu einer periodischen Bewegung längs der Arbeitsachse 3 gezwungen. Der Erreger 14 ist über eine Getriebekomponente 14 zum Umsetzen der Drehbewegung des Elektromotors 8 in einer periodische, translatorische Bewegung entlang der Arbeitsachse 3 angebunden. Eine beispielhafte Getriebekomponente beinhaltet ein Exzenterrad oder eine Taumelscheibe. Eine Periode der translatorischen Bewegung des Erregers 14 ist durch die Drehzahl des Elektromotors 8 und ggf. ein Untersetzungsverhältnis in der Getriebekomponente 14 vorgeben.The pneumatic striking mechanism 5 has an exciter 14 , a striker 15 and a striker 16 along the striking direction 6 . The exciter 14 is forced to perform a periodic movement along the working axis 3 by means of the electric motor 8 . The exciter 14 is connected via a gear component 14 for converting the rotary movement of the electric motor 8 in a periodic, translational movement along the working axis 3 . An exemplary transmission component includes an eccentric wheel or a swash plate. A period of the translational movement of the exciter 14 is predetermined by the speed of the electric motor 8 and possibly a reduction ratio in the gear component 14 .

Der Schläger 15 koppelt über eine Luftfeder an die Bewegung des Erregers 14 an. Die Luftfeder ist durch eine zwischen dem Erreger 14 und dem Schläger 15 abgeschlossene pneumatische Kammer 17 gebildet. Der Schläger 15 bewegt sich in die Schlagrichtung 6 bis der Schläger 15 auf den Döpper 16 aufschlägt. Der Döpper 16 liegt in der Schlagrichtung 6 an dem Bohrer 4 an und überträgt den Schlag auf der Bohrer 4. Die Periode der Bewegung des Schlägers ist identisch zu der Periode der Bewegung des Erregers 14. Der Schläger 15 schlägt somit mit einer Schlagzahl, die gleich dem Inversen der Periode ist. Das Wirkprinzip der Luftfeder setzt enge Grenzen für die Periode bzw. die Schlagzahl, da die Effizienz der pneumatischen Kopplung auf eine im Wesentlichen resonante Anregung angewiesen ist. Bei einer Abweichung von mehr als 20 % von einer optimalen Schlagzahl folgt der Schläger 15 typischerweise nicht mehr der Bewegung des Erregers 14. Die optimale Schlagzahl ist durch die Masse des Schlägers 15 und die geometrischen Abmessungen der pneumatischen Kammer 17 vorgegeben. Eine optimale Schlagzahl liegt im Bereich zwischen 25 Hz und 100 Hz.The racket 15 couples to the movement of the exciter 14 via an air spring. The air spring is formed by a pneumatic chamber 17 which is closed between the exciter 14 and the striker 15 . The racket 15 moves in the striking direction 6 until the racket 15 hits the striker 16 . The striker 16 bears against the drill 4 in the direction of impact 6 and transmits the impact to the drill 4. The period of movement of the racket is identical to the period of movement of the exciter 14. The racket 15 thus strikes with a number of strokes which is the same the inverse of the period. The principle of action of the air spring sets narrow limits for the period or the number of blows, since the efficiency of the pneumatic coupling depends on an essentially resonant excitation. In the event of a deviation of more than 20% from an optimal number of strokes, the striker 15 typically no longer follows the movement of the exciter 14. The optimal number of strokes is predetermined by the mass of the striker 15 and the geometric dimensions of the pneumatic chamber 17 . An optimal number of strokes is in the range between 25 Hz and 100 Hz.

Das beispielhafte Schlagwerk 5 hat einen kolbenförmigen Erreger 14 und einen kolbenförmigen Schläger 15, die durch ein Führungsrohr 18 längs der Arbeitsachse 3 geführt sind. Der Erreger 14 und der Schläger 15 liegen mit ihren Mantelflächen an der Innenfläche des Führungsrohrs 18 an. Die pneumatische Kammer 17 ist durch den Erreger 14 und den Schläger 15 längs der Arbeitsachse 3 und durch das Führungsrohr 18 in radialer Richtung abgeschlossen. Dichtungsringe in den Mantelflächen von Erreger 14 und Schläger 15 können den luftdichten Abschluss der pneumatischen Kammer 17 verbessern. Der Erreger 14 wird durch den Elektromotor 8 angetrieben. Ein Exzenterrad 19 oder ein anderer Umsetzer setzt die Drehbewegung des Elektromotor 8 in die periodische Translationsbewegung des Erregers 14 um. Das Exzenterrad 19 ist über einen Teilstrang 20 eines Antriebsstrangs 21 mit dem Elektromotor 8 verbunden.The exemplary striking mechanism 5 has a piston-shaped exciter 14 and a piston-shaped striker 15 , which are guided along the working axis 3 by a guide tube 18 . The exciter 14 and the striker 15 rest with their outer surfaces on the inner surface of the guide tube 18 . The pneumatic chamber 17 is closed by the exciter 14 and the striker 15 along the working axis 3 and by the guide tube 18 in the radial direction. Sealing rings in the lateral surfaces of exciter 14 and striker 15 can improve the airtight seal of the pneumatic chamber 17 . The exciter 14 is driven by the electric motor 8 . An eccentric wheel 19 or another converter converts the rotary movement of the electric motor 8 into the periodic translational movement of the exciter 14 . The eccentric wheel 19 is connected to the electric motor 8 via a partial train 20 of a drive train 21 .

Der Drehantrieb 7 beinhaltet die Spindel 13, welche koaxial zu der Arbeitsachse 3 angeordnet ist. Die Spindel 13 ist beispielsweise hohl, und das Schlagwerk 5 ist innerhalb der Spindel angeordnet. Der Werkzeughalter 2 ist auf der Spindel 13 aufgesetzt. Der Werkzeughalter 2 kann über einen Verschlussmechanismus lösbar oder dauerhaft mit der Spindel 13 verbunden sein. Die Spindel 13 ist über ein untersetzendes Getriebe 22 an den Elektromotor 8 angebunden. Die Drehzahl der Spindel 13 ist geringer als die Drehzahl des Elektromotors 8. Zwischen das untersetzende Getriebe 22 und die Spindel 13 kann eine Rutschkupplung 23 geschaltet sein.The rotary drive 7 contains the spindle 13 , which is arranged coaxially to the working axis 3 . The spindle 13 is hollow, for example, and the striking mechanism 5 is arranged inside the spindle. The tool holder 2 is placed on the spindle 13 . The tool holder 2 can be detachably or permanently connected to the spindle 13 via a locking mechanism. The spindle 13 is connected to the electric motor 8 via a reduction gear 22 . The speed of the spindle 13 is lower than the speed of the electric motor 8. A slip clutch 23 can be connected between the reduction gear 22 and the spindle 13 .

Die Spindel 13 dreht sich vorzugsweise kontinuierlich mit einer vorgegebenen Drehzahl. Die Drehzahl ist durch das untersetzende Getriebe 22 vorgegeben. Das untersetzende Getriebe 22 hat zwei unterschiedliche Untersetzungen. Die erste Untersetzung ist optimiert für den Abbau von mineralischem Gestein mit einem herkömmlichen Bohrer 4. Die Drehzahl der Spindel 13 liegt bei der ersten Untersetzung im Bereich zwischen 200 Umdrehungen pro Minute (U/min) und 1000 U/min und die Spindel 13 dreht rechtshändig. Mit der von dem untersetzenden Getriebe 22 unabhängigen Schlagzahl des pneumatischen Schlagwerks 5 dreht sich zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Schlägen der Bohrers 4 um einen Umsetzwinkel von mehr als 30 Grad, z.B. mehr als 30 Grad, höchstens 75 Grad. Der typische Umsetzwinkel bewirkt einen effizienten Abtransport von Bohrgut aus dem Bohrloch mit den herkömmlichen Bohrern 4. The spindle 13 preferably rotates continuously at a predetermined speed. The speed is predetermined by the reduction gear 22 . The reduction gear 22 has two different reductions. The first reduction is optimized for the extraction of mineral rock with a conventional drill 4. The speed of the spindle 13 in the first reduction is between 200 revolutions per minute (rpm) and 1000 rpm and the spindle 13 turns right-handed . With the number of blows of the pneumatic hammer mechanism 5 that is independent of the reducing gear 22, the drill 4 rotates between two successive blows by a conversion angle of more than 30 degrees, for example more than 30 degrees, at most 75 degrees. The typical transfer angle results in an efficient removal of drilling material from the borehole with the conventional drills 4.

Die zweite Untersetzung ist für den Abbau von eisenbasierten Materialien, z.B. einem Armierungseisen, vorgesehen. Die Drehzahl ist gegenüber der ersten Untersetzung stark reduziert, beispielsweise liegt die Drehzahl unter 20 U/min. Das Schlagwerk 5 schlägt überlagert zu der Drehbewegung periodisch mit einer Schlagzahl von mehr als 5 Schlägen pro Sekunde auf der Bohrer 4. Ein Umsetzwinkel des Bohrers 4 zwischen zwei Schlägen liegt vorzugsweise unter 10 Grad, beispielsweise unter 5 Grad, vorzugsweise über 1 Grad. Die Wendel des Bohrers 4 transportiert weniger oder kein Bohrgut mehr aus dem Bohrloch. Alternativ kann die zweite Untersetzung einen Linkslauf der Spindel 13 bewirken. Der Bohrer 4 fördert das Bohrgut in das Bohrloch anstatt es herauszufördern. Das in dem Bohrloch verbleibende Bohrgut erweist sich als vorteilhaft zum Abtragen des Armierungseisens mit dem Bohrer 4. The second reduction is intended for the dismantling of iron-based materials, such as a reinforcing iron. The speed is greatly reduced compared to the first reduction, for example the speed is below 20 rpm. The striking mechanism 5 proposes superimposed on the rotary movement periodically with a twist number of more than 5 beats per second on the drill bit 4. A translation angle of the drill 4 between two blows is preferably less than 10 degrees, for example less than 5 degrees, preferably about 1 degree. The helix of the drill 4 transports less or no drilling material out of the borehole. Alternatively, the second reduction can cause the spindle 13 to run counterclockwise. The drill 4 conveys the material to be drilled into the borehole instead of conveying it out. The drill material remaining in the borehole proves to be advantageous for removing the reinforcing iron with the drill 4.

Der Anwender kann vorzugsweise das untersetzende Getriebe 22 mit einem Wahlschalter 24 betätigen. Der Anwender erkennt beispielsweise an einem sich schlagartig verringerndem Bohrfortschritt, dass ein Armierungseisen bearbeitet, bzw. bei einem sich schlagartig erhöhenden Bohrfortschritt, dass wieder mineralisches Material bearbeitet wird. Der Wahlschalter 24 hat wenigstens zwei Schaltstellungen. Eine erste Schaltstellung ist für den überlagert bohrenden und meißelnden Abbau von mineralischen Material; eine zweite Schaltstellung ist für den überlagert bohrenden und meißelnden Abbau von eisenhaltigem Material. In der ersten Schaltstellung wird das untersetzende Getriebe 22 in die erste Untersetzung und in der zweiten Schaltstellung wird das untersetzende Getriebe 22 in die zweite Untersetzung umgeschaltet. Die Schlagzahl des pneumatischen Schlagwerks 5 ist in beiden Schaltstellungen gleich oder näherungsweise gleich, vorzugsweise arbeitet das Schlagwerk 5 in beiden Schaltstellungen mit der höchsten Effizienz oder höchsten Abbauleistung. In einer alternativen Ausgestaltung wird die Laufrichtung der Spindel 13 in der zweiten Schaltstellung auf einen Linkslauf gestellt, um den Abtransport des Bohrguts zu verringern.The user can preferably operate the reduction gear 22 with a selector switch 24 . The user recognizes, for example, from an abruptly decreasing drilling progress that a reinforcing bar is working, or from one suddenly increasing drilling progress that mineral material is processed again. The selector switch 24 has at least two switch positions. A first switch position is for the superimposed drilling and chiseling mining of mineral material; a second switch position is for the superimposed drilling and chiseling removal of ferrous material. In the first switching position, the reduction gear 22 is switched to the first reduction and in the second switching position, the reduction gear 22 is switched to the second reduction. The number of strokes of the pneumatic striking mechanism 5 is the same or approximately the same in both switching positions, preferably the striking mechanism 5 operates in both switching positions with the highest efficiency or highest degradation capacity. In an alternative embodiment, the direction of rotation of the spindle 13 is set to a counterclockwise rotation in the second switching position in order to reduce the removal of the drill material.

Fig. 1 illustriert ein beispielhaftes untersetzendes (Schalt-) Getriebe 22 in der Form eines Stirnradgetriebes. Auf einer antreibenden Welle sind zwei Ritzel 25 mit unterschiedlichem Durchmesser befestigt; auf einer abtreibenden Welle sind zwei Zahnräder 26 gelagert. Die Zahnräder sind beispielweise dauerhaft in Eingriff mit einem der beiden Ritzel. Ein Ziehkeil 27 koppelt jeweils eines der Zahnräder an die abtreibende Welle an. Der Ziehkeil kann gleichermaßen an der antreibenden Welle angeordnet sein. Ferner kann ein Schalten des Getriebes 22 durch ein axiales Verschieben der Ritzel oder Zahnräder erfolgen. Das Getriebe kann ebenso durch ein Planetengetriebe realisiert sein. Zwei der Komponenten aus Hohlrad, Planetenträger und Sonnenrad sind mit der antreibenden Welle und der abtreibenden Welle verbunden. Eine schaltbare Bremse lässt verbleibende dritte Komponente je nach Schaltstellung frei drehen oder hemmt deren Drehung. Fig. 1 illustrates an exemplary step-down (manual) gear 22 in the form of a spur gear. Two pinions 25 with different diameters are fastened on a driving shaft; two gearwheels 26 are mounted on an output shaft. For example, the gears are permanently engaged with one of the two pinions. A pull wedge 27 couples one of the gearwheels to the driven shaft. The pull wedge can also be arranged on the driving shaft. Furthermore, the transmission 22 can be shifted by axially displacing the pinions or gear wheels. The transmission can also be realized by a planetary gear. Two of the components of the ring gear, planet carrier and sun gear are connected to the driving shaft and the driven shaft. A switchable brake allows the remaining third component to rotate freely or inhibit its rotation, depending on the switching position.

Eine Stelleinrichtung 28 kann das Getriebe 22 manuell umschalten. Die Stelleinrichtung 28 enthält beispielsweise den Wahlschalter 24. Ein mechanisches Gestänge überträgt die Stellung des Wahlschalters 24 auf das Getriebe 22. Die Stelleinrichtung 28 kann alternativ das Getriebe 22 mittels eines Aktor 29 schalten. Der Aktor 29 kann elektromagnetisch, piezoelektrisch, hydraulisch, pneumatisch etc. ausgebildet sein. Der Aktor 29 betätigt den Ziehkeil 27, verschiebt die Ritzel oder Zahnräder, oder aktiviert die Bremse. Die Stelleinrichtung 28 kann das Getriebe 22 automatisch schalten. Ein Sensor 30 erkennt die geeignete Untersetzung für das Getriebe 22 und schaltet das Getriebe 22 mit dem Aktor 29. An actuating device 28 can switch the transmission 22 manually. The actuating device 28 contains, for example, the selector switch 24. A mechanical linkage transmits the position of the selector switch 24 to the gearbox 22. The actuating device 28 can alternatively switch the gearbox 22 by means of an actuator 29 . The actuator 29 can be electromagnetic, piezoelectric, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc. The actuator 29 actuates the pull wedge 27 , displaces the pinions or gears, or activates the brake. The actuating device 28 can switch the transmission 22 automatically. A sensor 30 detects the suitable reduction ratio for the transmission 22 and switches the transmission 22 with the actuator 29.

Der Bohrhammer 1 kann automatisch den Untergrund erkennen, auf welchen der Bohrer 4 aufschlägt. Die Schläge des Bohrers 4 auf das mineralische Gestein sind stärker gedämpft als die Schläge des Bohrers 4 auf die eisenhaltigen Armierungseisen. Der Bohrer 4 und der Bohrhammer 1 erfahren somit eine andere rückwirkende Kraft bei den beiden Materialien. Die Vibrationen in dem Bohrhammer 1 sind bei einem eisenhaltigen Material deutlich höher als bei dem Gestein.The hammer drill 1 can automatically recognize the surface on which the drill 4 strikes. The impacts of the drill 4 on the mineral rock are dampened more than the impacts of the drill 4 on the iron-containing reinforcing bars. The drill 4 and the Hammer drill 1 thus experience a different retroactive force with the two materials. The vibrations in the hammer drill 1 are significantly higher with an iron-containing material than with the rock.

Der beispielhafte Bohrhammer 1 hat den Sensor 30 zum Erfasssen von Vibrationen. Der Sensor 30 ist vorzugsweise starr mit dem Schlagwerk 5 oder dem Maschinengehäuse 10 verbunden. Ein beispielhafter Sensor 30 hat einen freischwingenden Arm, auf dem ein piezoelektrischer Polymerfilm aufgebracht ist. Der Arm erzeugt angeregt durch die Schwingungen ein elektrisches Signal, welches der Sensor 30 auswertet. Der Sensor 30 kann ein Beschleunigungssensor sein, welche als Maß für Vibrationen Beschleunigungswerte ausgibt. Der Sensor kann ebenso ein Mikrophon sein, vorzugsweise zum Erfassen von Geräuschen im Infraschall.The exemplary hammer drill 1 has the sensor 30 for detecting vibrations. The sensor 30 is preferably rigidly connected to the striking mechanism 5 or the machine housing 10 . An exemplary sensor 30 has a free-swinging arm on which a piezoelectric polymer film is applied. When excited by the vibrations, the arm generates an electrical signal, which the sensor 30 evaluates. The sensor 30 can be an acceleration sensor, which outputs acceleration values as a measure of vibrations. The sensor can also be a microphone, preferably for detecting noises in infrasound.

Der Sensor 30 vergleicht die Vibrationen mit einem Schwellwert. Ein Überschreiten des Schwellwerts wird einem Bohren von eisenhaltigem Material und ein Unterschreiten des Schwellwerts wird einem Bohren von mineralischem Material zugeordnet. Der Schwellwert hängt von der Schlagleistung des Schlagwerks 5 ab und kann durch Versuchsreihen ermittelt werden. Der Sensor 30 oder ein Mikroprozessor 31 kann die Auswertung der Vibrationen vornehmen. Der Schwellwert kann in dem Mikroprozessor 31 hinterlegt sein. Anstelle des einfachen Vergleichs mit einem Schwellwert kann anhand eines komplexeren Fingerabdrucks das Bohrern 4 von Gestein von dem Bohren von eisenhaltigem Material diskriminiert werden. Die Vibrationen können in ein oder mehreren Frequenzbändern ermittelt werden. Ein Frequenzband hat beispielsweise die Schlagzahl als mittlere Frequenz und beispielsweise eine Bandbreite von maximal der Hälfte der Schlagzahl. Ebenso kann die erste harmonische Frequenz der Schlagzahl als mittlere Frequenz eines Frequenzbands sein.The sensor 30 compares the vibrations with a threshold value. Exceeding the threshold is assigned to drilling ferrous material and falling below the threshold is assigned to drilling mineral material. The threshold value depends on the impact performance of the striking mechanism 5 and can be determined by series of tests. The sensor 30 or a microprocessor 31 can evaluate the vibrations. The threshold value can be stored in the microprocessor 31 . Instead of the simple comparison with a threshold value, the drilling 4 of rock can be discriminated from the drilling of ferrous material on the basis of a more complex fingerprint. The vibrations can be determined in one or more frequency bands. A frequency band has, for example, the beat number as the middle frequency and, for example, a bandwidth of at most half the beat number. The first harmonic frequency of the beat number can also be the mean frequency of a frequency band.

Der Bohrhammer 1 schaltet automatisch das untersetzende Getriebe 22 in Abhängigkeit des von dem Sensor 30 erkannten Materials. Insbesondere, ist eine schnelle Reduktion der Drehzahl erwünscht, wenn der Bohrer 4 auf ein Armierungseisen trifft. Andernfalls kann der Bohrer 4 noch das Bohrgut vollständig aus dem Bohrloch fördern. Der Sensor 30 übermittelt ein entsprechendes Steuersignal an den Aktor 29. The rotary hammer 1 automatically switches the reduction gear 22 depending on the material detected by the sensor 30 . In particular, a rapid reduction in speed is desired when the drill 4 hits a reinforcing iron. Otherwise, the drill 4 can still completely convey the material to be drilled out of the borehole. The sensor 30 transmits a corresponding control signal to the actuator 29.

Der Abtransport des Bohrguts aus dem Bohrloch kann auch Ändern der Drehrichtung des Bohrers 4 unterbunden werden. Aufgrund der rechtsläufigen Händigkeit der Bohrerwendel fördern die Bohrer 4 das Bohrgut nur bei einem Rechtslauf des Werkzeughalters 2 aus dem Bohrloch. Das Bearbeiten des Armierungseisens kann anstelle oder zusätzlich zu einer reduzierten Drehzahl mit einem Linkslauf des Werkzeughalters 2 erfolgen. Der Wechsel der Drehrichtung kann beispielsweise durch den Elektromotor 8 erfolgen, da Schlagwerk 5 im Wesentlichen unabhängig von der Drehrichtung des Elektromotors 8 arbeitet.The removal of the drilling material from the borehole can also be prevented from changing the direction of rotation of the drill 4 . Due to the right handed handedness of the drill helix, the drills 4 convey the drill material from the borehole only when the tool holder 2 rotates clockwise. The processing of the reinforcing iron can be instead of or in addition to one reduced speed with a counterclockwise rotation of the tool holder 2 . The direction of rotation can be changed, for example, by the electric motor 8 , since the striking mechanism 5 operates essentially independently of the direction of rotation of the electric motor 8 .

Das Getriebe 22 hat keinen Einfluss auf die Drehzahl des Exzenter 19 bzw. der Bewegung des Erregers 14. Der Antriebsstrang 21 verzweigt sich in einen ersten Teilstrang 20 für das pneumatische Schlagwerk 5 und in einen zweiten Teilstrang 32 für die Spindel 13. Das Getriebe 22 ist in dem zweiten Teilstrang 32 angeordnet.The gear 22 has no influence on the speed of the eccentric 19 or the movement of the exciter 14. The drive train 21 branches into a first sub-train 20 for the pneumatic hammer mechanism 5 and into a second sub-train 32 for the spindle 13. The gear 22 is arranged in the second partial strand 32 .

Claims (11)

  1. Control method for a hand-held drilling/chiselling power tool for working a substrate by means of a drill (4), the hand-held power tool having a tool holder (2) for holding a drill (4) on a working axis (3), a rotary drive (7) for turning the tool holder (2) about the working axis (3) and a striking mechanism (5) for exerting impacts on the drill (4), comprising the step of:
    overlaying a periodic striking of the drill (4) with a number of impacts and the turning of the tool holder (2) with a rotational speed in a rotating direction,
    characterized by the steps of:
    determining by means of a sensor (30) of the hand-held power tool a material of the substrate worked by the drill (4),
    setting the rotational speed and/or rotating direction on the basis of the material determined, the rotational speed being set to a first value and a first rotating direction being set in the case of an iron-based material, the rotational speed being set to a second value and a second rotating direction being set in the case of a mineral material and the first value being lower than the second value and/or the first rotating direction being anticlockwise and the second rotating direction being clockwise.
  2. Control method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the striking mechanism strikes the drill (4) with a number of impacts that is independent of the material determined.
  3. Control method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the number of impacts in the case of iron-based material and in the case of mineral material differs by less than 20%.
  4. Control method according to claim according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the indexing angle of the tool holder (2) between two successive impacts at the first rotational speed is between 1 degree and 10 degrees and at the second rotational speed is greater than 30 degrees.
  5. Control method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sensor (30) senses vibrations of the hand-held power tool and the material is determined on the basis of characteristic signatures of the vibrations during drilling/chiselling working of iron-containing material and drilling/chiselling working of mineral material.
  6. Control method according to Claim 5, characterized in that an amplitude of the vibrations is compared with a threshold value and undershooting of the threshold value is associated with the mineral material and overshooting of the threshold value is associated with the iron-based material.
  7. Control method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a stepping-down mechanism (22) of the rotary drive (7) is switched in response to a determined change of the material for setting the rotational speed.
  8. Hand-held power tool (1) comprising
    a tool holder (2) for holding a drilling/chiselling drill (4) on a working axis (3),
    an electric motor (8),
    a striking mechanism (5), which has a striker (15) that can be moved along the working axis (3) with a number of impacts,
    a rotary drive (7), which can drive the tool holder (2) rotationally at a rotational speed in a rotating direction,
    and a setting device (28) for setting the rotational speed and/or rotating direction of the rotary drive (7) independently of the number of impacts of the striking mechanism (5), characterized by a sensor (30) for determining a material of the substrate worked by the drill (4), it being possible in response to the material determined by the sensor (30) to set the rotational speed to a first value and to set a first rotating direction in the case of an iron-based material and to set the rotational speed to a second value and to set a second rotating direction in the case of a mineral material by means of the setting device (28), and the first value being lower than the second value and/or the first rotating direction being anticlockwise and the second rotating direction being clockwise.
  9. Hand-held power tool according to Claim 8, characterized in that the setting device (28) has a stepping-down gear mechanism (22), which is arranged in the rotary drive (7) and comprises a first step-down and a second step-down, and a manually operable selection switch (24) or an actuator (29) for changing over the gear mechanism (22) between the first step-down and the second step-down.
  10. Hand-held power tool according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the sensor (30) includes an acceleration sensor for sensing vibrations.
  11. Hand-held power tool according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the striking mechanism (5) has an exciter (14) that is forcibly moved by the electric motor (8) and a striker (15) that is coupled to the exciter (14) by way of an air spring.
EP16806096.0A 2015-12-14 2016-12-06 Control method and hand-held machine tool Active EP3389935B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15199870.5A EP3181303A1 (en) 2015-12-14 2015-12-14 Control method and handheld machine tool
PCT/EP2016/079809 WO2017102415A1 (en) 2015-12-14 2016-12-06 Control method and portable power tool

Publications (2)

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EP3389935A1 EP3389935A1 (en) 2018-10-24
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JP6981744B2 (en) 2016-10-07 2021-12-17 株式会社マキタ Hammer drill
JP6757226B2 (en) 2016-10-07 2020-09-16 株式会社マキタ Electric tool
EP3311951A1 (en) * 2016-10-20 2018-04-25 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Control method and dust extraction module
CN107378868B (en) * 2017-07-24 2020-10-16 苏州艾乐蒙特机电科技有限公司 Speed-regulating reciprocating impact electric hammer
DE102019200532A1 (en) * 2019-01-17 2020-07-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hand tool
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EP3854532A1 (en) * 2019-08-19 2021-07-28 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Hand-held machine tool, tool and machine tool system with a defined rotation speed to impact power ratio
CN112706129B (en) * 2020-11-13 2021-08-24 交通运输部公路科学研究所 Percussion drill based on sound wave signal control

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Publication number Publication date
WO2017102415A1 (en) 2017-06-22
US20180370008A1 (en) 2018-12-27
EP3389935A1 (en) 2018-10-24
EP3181303A1 (en) 2017-06-21
US10906166B2 (en) 2021-02-02

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