EP3388637B1 - Chambre d'air de refroidissement pour joint d'air extérieur d'aube - Google Patents

Chambre d'air de refroidissement pour joint d'air extérieur d'aube Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3388637B1
EP3388637B1 EP18166675.1A EP18166675A EP3388637B1 EP 3388637 B1 EP3388637 B1 EP 3388637B1 EP 18166675 A EP18166675 A EP 18166675A EP 3388637 B1 EP3388637 B1 EP 3388637B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
chamber
turbine
compressor
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18166675.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3388637A1 (fr
Inventor
Jonathan ORTIZ
Matthew A. Devore
Lane Mikal Thornton
James D. Hill
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RTX Corp
Original Assignee
United Technologies Corp
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/14—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
    • F01D11/20—Actively adjusting tip-clearance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/06—Fluid supply conduits to nozzles or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/14—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
    • F01D11/20—Actively adjusting tip-clearance
    • F01D11/24—Actively adjusting tip-clearance by selectively cooling-heating stator or rotor components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/16—Control of working fluid flow
    • F02C9/18—Control of working fluid flow by bleeding, bypassing or acting on variable working fluid interconnections between turbines or compressors or their stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/12—Combinations with mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F04D25/045—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven the pump wheel carrying the fluid driving means, e.g. turbine blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/35—Combustors or associated equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/213—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by the provision of a heat exchanger within the cooling circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05D2300/502—Thermal properties
    • F05D2300/5021—Expansivity
    • F05D2300/50212—Expansivity dissimilar
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • This application relates to the supply of high pressure cooling air to a blade outer air seal through an outer diameter chamber.
  • Gas turbine engines typically include a fan delivering air into a bypass duct as propulsion.
  • the fan also delivers air into the compressor where air is compressed and delivered into a combustor.
  • the air is mixed with fuel and ignited. Products of this combustion pass downstream over turbine rotors driving them to rotate.
  • the turbine rotors in turn, rotate compressor rotors and the fan rotor.
  • Blade outer air seals typically sit radially outwardly of the blades and maintain clearance to increase the efficient use of the products of combustion.
  • blade outer air seal is a so-called self-acting clearance control blade outer air seal.
  • two components formed of different materials having different coefficients of thermal expansion combine to control the expansion of the blade outer air seals to, in turn, control the clearance with the blade.
  • Both the blade and the blade outer air seal are provided with cooling air.
  • the cooling air must be at a higher pressure than in the past.
  • the highest pressure in the gas turbine engine is that downstream of a high pressure compressor.
  • this cooling air is also at relatively high temperatures.
  • WO 2014/134513 A1 discloses a prior art gas turbine engine as set forth in the preamble of claim 1.
  • EP 1 503 061 A discloses a prior art method for cooling hot parts of a turboject by air cooled in an external heat exchanger.
  • the outer wall is an outer core engine wall.
  • the air is tapped from a location downstream of a downstream most point in a high pressure compressor in the compressor section.
  • the blade outer air seal includes components of at least two different materials having two distinct coefficients of thermal expansion.
  • a fan delivers air into the compressor section and into a bypass.
  • a fan drive turbine of the turbine section drives the fan through a gear reduction.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine 20.
  • the gas turbine engine 20 is disclosed herein as a two-spool turbofan that generally incorporates a fan section 22, a compressor section 24, a combustor section 26 and a turbine section 28.
  • Alternative engines might include an augmentor section (not shown) among other systems or features.
  • the fan section 22 drives air along a bypass flow path B in a bypass duct defined within a nacelle 15, and also drives air along a core flow path C for compression and communication into the combustor section 26 then expansion through the turbine section 28.
  • the exemplary engine 20 generally includes a low speed spool 30 and a high speed spool 32 mounted for rotation about an engine central longitudinal axis A relative to an engine static structure 36 via several bearing systems 38. It should be understood that various bearing systems 38 at various locations may alternatively or additionally be provided, and the location of bearing systems 38 may be varied as appropriate to the application.
  • the low speed spool 30 generally includes an inner shaft 40 that interconnects a fan 42, a first (or low) pressure compressor 44 and a low pressure turbine 46.
  • the inner shaft 40 is connected to the fan 42 through a speed change mechanism, which in exemplary gas turbine engine 20 is illustrated as a geared architecture 48 to drive the fan 42 at a lower speed than the low speed spool 30.
  • the high speed spool 32 includes an outer shaft 50 that interconnects a second (or high) pressure compressor 52 and a second (or high) pressure turbine 54.
  • a combustor 56 is arranged in exemplary gas turbine 20 between the high pressure compressor 52 and the high pressure turbine 54.
  • a mid-turbine frame 57 of the engine static structure 36 is arranged generally between the high pressure turbine 54 and the low pressure turbine 46.
  • the mid-turbine frame 57 further supports bearing systems 38 in the turbine section 28.
  • the inner shaft 40 and the outer shaft 50 are concentric and rotate via bearing systems 38 about the engine central longitudinal axis A which is collinear with
  • the core airflow is compressed by the low pressure compressor 44 then the high pressure compressor 52, mixed and burned with fuel in the combustor 56, then expanded over the high pressure turbine 54 and low pressure turbine 46.
  • the mid-turbine frame 57 includes airfoils 59 which are in the core airflow path C.
  • the turbines 46, 54 rotationally drive the respective low speed spool 30 and high speed spool 32 in response to the expansion.
  • gear system 48 may be located aft of combustor section 26 or even aft of turbine section 28, and fan section 22 may be positioned forward or aft of the location of gear system 48.
  • the engine 20 in one example is a high-bypass geared aircraft engine.
  • the engine 20 bypass ratio is greater than about six, with an example embodiment being greater than about ten
  • the geared architecture 48 is an epicyclic gear train, such as a planetary gear system or other gear system, with a gear reduction ratio of greater than about 2.3 and the low pressure turbine 46 has a pressure ratio that is greater than about five.
  • the engine 20 bypass ratio is greater than about ten
  • the fan diameter is significantly larger than that of the low pressure compressor 44
  • the low pressure turbine 46 has a pressure ratio that is greater than about five.
  • Low pressure turbine 46 pressure ratio is pressure measured prior to inlet of low pressure turbine 46 as related to the pressure at the outlet of the low pressure turbine 46 prior to an exhaust nozzle.
  • the geared architecture 48 may be an epicycle gear train, such as a planetary gear system or other gear system, with a gear reduction ratio of greater than about 2.3:1. It should be understood, however, that the above parameters are only exemplary of one embodiment of a geared architecture engine and that the present invention is applicable to other gas turbine engines including direct drive turbofans.
  • the fan section 22 of the engine 20 is designed for a particular flight condition -- typically cruise at about 0.8 Mach and about 35,000 feet (10,668 meters).
  • the flight condition of 0.8 Mach and 35,000 ft (10,668 meters), with the engine at its best fuel consumption - also known as "bucket cruise Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption ('TSFC')" - is the industry standard parameter of lbm of fuel being burned divided by lbf of thrust the engine produces at that minimum point.
  • "Low fan pressure ratio” is the pressure ratio across the fan blade alone, without a Fan Exit Guide Vane (“FEGV”) system.
  • the low fan pressure ratio as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1.45.
  • the "Low corrected fan tip speed” as disclosed herein according to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1150 ft / second (350.5 meters/second).
  • FIG. 2 shows a cooling system 100 for cooling turbine components. As shown, a compressor section 101 is provided with a tap 102 for tapping pressurized air.
  • the tap 102 may be at a location upstream from a downstream most portion 111 of the high pressure compressor, in which case, it is typically provided with a boost compressor to raise its pressure.
  • the air can be tapped from a location downstream of 111 where it has been fully compressed by the high pressure compressor.
  • pressurized air passes through a heat exchanger 104 where it is cooled, such as by air.
  • the heat exchanger 104 may be in the bypass duct as described in Figure 1 .
  • the air downstream of the heat exchanger 104 is then returned through a conduit 106 into a mixing chamber 108.
  • the mixing chamber 108 may be downstream of a diffuser 110 which is downstream of the downstream most portion 111 of a high pressure compressor.
  • the air in mixing chamber 108 is mixed with air shown schematically at 113 from a diffuser chamber 120 which surrounds a combustor 118. This air is generally at the same pressure as the air leaving the downstream most point 111.
  • the mixing chamber is defined radially outwardly of a compressor diffuser 110 and the air passing through vanes within the compressor diffuser.
  • This mixed air is shown at 112 passing to cool turbine blade 114.
  • Another tap 116 taps cooling air from the mixing chamber 108. This air is passed into a chamber 122 defined between a cooling air chamber wall 121 and a core engine outer housing wall 123. This air passes into another chamber 124 and across a blade outer air seal 126.
  • blade outer air seal 126 includes a seal 128, a first component 130, and a second component 132.
  • the components 130 and 132 may be formed of materials having different thermal coefficients of expansion and they self-regulate a gap between an outer tip of the blade 114 and an inner surface on the seal 128.
  • blade outer air seals having other clearance control schemes are known, as are blade outer air seals without any clearance control. This disclosure will also benefit all of these types of blade outer air seals.
  • Figure 3 shows further details including the combustor 118, the chamber 120 surrounding the combustor 118.
  • the chamber wall 121, and the outer core housing 123 define the intermediate cooling air chamber 122.
  • Chamber 122 surrounds a rotated axis of the engine at least about 270° and in embodiments between 350° and 360°.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Moteur à turbine à gaz (20) comprenant :
    une section compresseur (24 ; 101), une chambre de combustion (56 ; 118), et une section turbine (28), ladite chambre de combustion (56 ; 118) ayant une surface radialement extérieure définissant une chambre de diffuseur (120) radialement vers l'extérieur de ladite chambre de combustion (56 ; 118), et une paroi de chambre d'air de refroidissement (121) positionnée vers l'extérieur de ladite chambre de diffuseur (120) et de ladite chambre de combustion (56 ; 118), et radialement vers l'intérieur d'une deuxième paroi (123) pour définir une chambre d'air de refroidissement (122), ladite section turbine (28) incluant une aube de premier étage de turbine haute pression (114) ayant une pointe extérieure, et un joint d'air extérieur d'aube (126) positionné radialement vers l'extérieur de ladite pointe extérieure ; et
    un robinet (102) pour soutirer l'air ayant été comprimé par ladite section compresseur (24 ; 101), ledit air soutiré étant passé à travers un échangeur de chaleur (104), l'air soutiré en aval dudit échangeur de chaleur (104) passant dans ladite chambre d'air de refroidissement (122), et ensuite vers ledit joint d'air extérieur d'aube (126) ;
    caractérisé en ce que :
    ledit air soutiré en aval dudit échangeur de chaleur (104) passe dans une chambre de mélange (108) où il est mélangé avec l'air (113) de ladite chambre de diffuseur (120), et passe ensuite dans ladite chambre d'air de refroidissement (122) ;
    l'air (112) de ladite chambre de mélange (108) passe aussi radialement vers l'intérieur de ladite chambre de combustion (56 ; 118) pour refroidir ladite première aube d'étage de turbine (114) ; et
    ladite chambre de mélange (108) est définie radialement vers l'extérieur d'un diffuseur de compresseur (110) et l'air (112) passe à travers des ailettes à l'intérieur dudit diffuseur de compresseur (110).
  2. Moteur à turbine à gaz selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite deuxième paroi (123) est une paroi de moteur à noyau externe (123).
  3. Moteur à turbine à gaz selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel ledit air est soutiré d'un endroit en aval d'un point le plus en aval (111) dans un compresseur haute pression (52) dans ladite section compresseur (24 ; 101).
  4. Moteur à turbine à gaz selon une quelconque revendication précédente, dans lequel ledit joint d'air extérieur d'aube (126) inclut des composants (130, 132) d'au moins deux matériaux différents ayant deux coefficients de dilatation thermique distincts.
  5. Moteur à turbine à gaz selon une quelconque revendication précédente, dans lequel un ventilateur (42) distribue de l'air dans ladite section compresseur (24 ; 101) et dans une dérivation (B), et une turbine d'entraînement de ventilateur (46) de ladite section turbine (28) entraîne ledit ventilateur (42) à travers une réduction de vitesse (48).
EP18166675.1A 2017-04-11 2018-04-10 Chambre d'air de refroidissement pour joint d'air extérieur d'aube Active EP3388637B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/484,166 US20180291760A1 (en) 2017-04-11 2017-04-11 Cooling air chamber for blade outer air seal

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3388637A1 EP3388637A1 (fr) 2018-10-17
EP3388637B1 true EP3388637B1 (fr) 2019-12-18

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EP18166675.1A Active EP3388637B1 (fr) 2017-04-11 2018-04-10 Chambre d'air de refroidissement pour joint d'air extérieur d'aube

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EP (1) EP3388637B1 (fr)

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US10422237B2 (en) * 2017-04-11 2019-09-24 United Technologies Corporation Flow diverter case attachment for gas turbine engine
US11268444B2 (en) * 2017-05-18 2022-03-08 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Turbine cooling arrangement

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DE10009655C1 (de) * 2000-02-29 2001-05-23 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Kühlluftsystem
FR2858358B1 (fr) * 2003-07-28 2005-09-23 Snecma Moteurs Procede de refroidissement, par air refroidi en partie dans un echangeur externe, des parties chaudes d'un turboreacteur, et turboreacteur ainsi refroidi
US7096673B2 (en) * 2003-10-08 2006-08-29 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Blade tip clearance control
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US20090074589A1 (en) * 2007-09-18 2009-03-19 Biao Fang Cooling Circuit for Enhancing Turbine Performance
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EP3030771B8 (fr) * 2013-08-05 2021-04-07 Raytheon Technologies Corporation Chambre de mélange de carter de diffuseur pour un moteur à turbine
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Publication number Publication date
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