EP3387760A1 - Ais-datenübertragung - Google Patents
Ais-datenübertragungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3387760A1 EP3387760A1 EP16809358.1A EP16809358A EP3387760A1 EP 3387760 A1 EP3387760 A1 EP 3387760A1 EP 16809358 A EP16809358 A EP 16809358A EP 3387760 A1 EP3387760 A1 EP 3387760A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ais
- data
- redundancy
- signals
- als
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/08—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by repeating transmission, e.g. Verdan system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/08—Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
- G06F11/10—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/08—Error detection or correction by redundancy in data representation, e.g. by using checking codes
- G06F11/10—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's
- G06F11/1004—Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's to protect a block of data words, e.g. CRC or checksum
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/74—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission for increasing reliability, e.g. using redundant or spare channels or apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0041—Arrangements at the transmitter end
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G3/00—Traffic control systems for marine craft
- G08G3/02—Anti-collision systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
- H04L2001/0096—Channel splitting in point-to-point links
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for AIS data transmission by means of AlS standard-compliant AlS signals, wherein AIS data to be transmitted are converted on the transmitter side into AlS signals and transmitted via a main channel, the AlS signals being received in an AIS receiver and be converted back to received AIS data.
- the invention further relates to a corresponding AlS transmitter, a corresponding AIS receiver and an AIS transceiver.
- the invention further relates to a system of AlS transmitters and AIS receivers according to claim 11 and to a computer program according to claim 12.
- AIS is the abbreviation for the Automatic Identification System, which is used in shipping for the communication of ships with each other and with stations on land or in the air or in space.
- the AIS data transmission is provided by the ships e.g. used for collision avoidance.
- a global picture of the ship movements can be created, whereby the AlS signals can also be received by satellite.
- AIS data transmission AIS data to be transmitted is converted on the transmitter side into AlS signals, e.g. through modulation, and transmit the AlS signals by radio.
- the range of the radio transmission is therefore determined by the propagation conditions in the FM band.
- AIS data transmission may cause transmission errors.
- the primary reason for the concept is the superimposition of AlS signals from the point of view of a receiver that is within radio range of several AlS transmitters. These AlS transmitters are often unable to tune to the use of the broadcast channel because they are not within radio range of each other. So it comes z.
- significant AlS signal overlays when receiving the AlS signals to satellites as these have a large footprint (coverage area). AlS signal overlays also occur at high ground receiving stations when the coastal areas are densely navigated by ships.
- z. B. to the satellite or to a high-level ground receiving station, there are also significant signal attenuations, which additionally increases the error rates in the transmissions.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to make proposals for AIS data transmission by means of AlS standard-compliant AlS signals, which is more robust against disturbing influences.
- This object is achieved according to claim 1 by a method for AIS data transmission by means of AlS standard-compliant AlS signals, wherein AIS data to be transmitted are converted on the transmitter side into AlS signals and transmitted via a main channel, the AlS signals being transmitted in an AIS Receivers are received and converted back into received AIS data, wherein transmitter side from the AIS data to be transmitted or parts of these data error-correcting redundancy data are generated, which can be used on the receiver side for error correction of the received AIS data, and the redundancy data transmitter side converted into redundancy signals and sent via an auxiliary channel in addition to the main channel.
- the invention has the advantage that the AIS data transmission can be made considerably more robust against interference effects with comparatively little effort, and thus an improved signal / interference distance can be achieved.
- a significant advantage of the invention is, in particular, that the actual transmission of the AIS data and AlS signals can continue to take place in accordance with AlS standards, so that all AIS receivers and AIS transceivers already in use also contain the AIS data of an inventively designed, improved AlS transmitter can receive, however, without the use of redundancy data.
- redundancy data for error correction, however, a corresponding upgrade of such AIS receiver or AIS transceiver is required to receive and evaluate the redundancy signals, but depending on the user, operator of the device or ship operators at the appropriate time can be made.
- the improved AIS receivers or AIS transceivers that can receive and evaluate the redundancy signals can be provided as equipment.
- the additional effort required for this is comparatively low since, depending on the implementation of the auxiliary channel, no hardware modifications are required, but the extensions can be made in the form of software supplements, or at most small hardware changes are required. Even a pure hardware implementation of the auxiliary channel is advantageously possible.
- AlS standard-compliant AlS signals are in particular understood to be those AIS signals which fulfill the ITU Recommendation ITU-R M.1371 -5 and / or their current versions.
- the AIS data to be transmitted, the redundancy data and the received AIS data may be used, in whole or in part, in the form of binary data (bits) and / or uncalculated soft values of such binary data used to decode the AIS data (in the sense of soft decision decoding).
- bits binary data
- soft values of the received AIS data and redundant data soft values for decoding and providing the received AIS data e.g. Soft values of the received AIS data and redundant data soft values for decoding and providing the received AIS data.
- channel used for the main channel and the auxiliary channel is to be understood as a channel in the sense of telecommunications technology, ie as a transmission path for the wireless signal transmission of some kind AIS data transmission according to the AlS standard either the channel AIS1 or the channel AIS2, whereby automatically between these channels is changed.
- auxiliary channel any other part of the signal space that is permitted for AlS signal transmission can be used, eg. In the AIS frequency range or in the vicinity of the AIS frequency range, e.g. B. at free frequency gaps.
- auxiliary channel and a signal space can be used, which is not intended for the transmission of AIS signals.
- the auxiliary channel can, for. B.
- the modulation type can be an AlS standard-conform modulation type, e.
- any type of frequency shift keying (FSK) may be used.
- the GMSK modulation can be used for the main channel (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying). As a result, only little bandwidth is required for the transmission of the AlS signals.
- the auxiliary channel can also be realized differently than by another type of modulation of the main channel, z.
- time division multiplexed transmission time offset between the transmission of the AlS signals and the redundancy signals
- AIS1 or AIS2 time offset between the transmission of the AlS signals and the redundancy signals
- free time slots in one of the AIS channels can be used for the transmission of the redundancy signals and thus for the realization of the auxiliary channel.
- the redundancy data are embodied as error-correcting redundancy data which allow an error correction of the AIS data received there on the receiver side.
- redundancy data can significantly improve the quality of the data transmission and the data losses can be reduced.
- redundancy data which is only used as error-detecting redundancy data such.
- Checksums are formed, thus not only an error detection is possible, but directly on the receiver side an error correction of at least some transmission errors.
- the AlS signals from the main channel are evaluated in order to form the received AIS data, or the AlS signals are evaluated from the main channel with additional evaluation of received redundancy signals to at least partially correct the received AIS data while at least partially correcting transmission errors present in the received AIS data or portions thereof.
- This has the advantage that an AIS receiver not yet equipped to evaluate the redundancy signals can nevertheless transmit the AIS data.
- An AIS receiver equipped for the evaluation of the AIS redundancy signals can then receive and evaluate these redundancy signals and use them for error correction of the received AIS data or of parts thereof.
- the error-correcting redundancy data are generated by coding by means of a systematic code which allows an error correction of the data.
- a systematic code which allows an error correction of the data.
- the additional bits of the generated codeword which can be used for error correction are transmitted as redundancy data or as the said redundancy signals via the auxiliary channel.
- the received AIS data can then be combined with the redundancy data and a corresponding decoding, including error correction, can be carried out.
- the systematic code used may be, in particular, an error-correcting code known from information technology, e.g. As a turbo code, convolutional code, RS code or LDPC code.
- the AlS signals transmitted via the main channel are not or only to the extent influenced by the transmission of the redundancy signals on the auxiliary channel that the AIS receiver not yet set up for the evaluation of the redundancy signals nevertheless the AlS Signals to the AIS data. That way you can In particular existing, not for the evaluation of the redundancy signals equipped AIS receiver continue to be used and received the AlS signals there and converted to AIS data. Possible slight influences of the AlS signals in the main channel by the redundancy signals are thereby filtered out by filter measures already present in the AIS receiver.
- the redundancy data allow at least an error correction of the AIS data "ship identification" and "position of the ship".
- the AIS data which is particularly important for safety in shipping, is better protected against transmission errors.
- the AIS data to be taken into account for the error correction can be reduced to a small extent, so that the outlay for the transmission of the redundancy data is relatively low, in particular can be reduced to relatively few bits. In this way, no large transmission bandwidth is needed for the realization of the auxiliary channel.
- the object mentioned at the outset is also achieved by an AlS transmitter which is set up for carrying out the transmitter-end method steps of a method of the type described above.
- the transmitter-side method steps are in particular the conversion of the AIS data to be transmitted into AlS signals, e.g. by modulating, and transmitting these AlS signals over the main channel, further generating the error correcting redundancy data from the AIS data to be transmitted or portions thereof, and converting the redundancy data into redundancy signals, e.g. by modulation, and sending the redundancy signals over the auxiliary channel.
- these method steps can be performed in the AlS transmitter e.g. be realized by appropriate programming, i. by an extension or modification of the software of the AlS transmitter.
- the AlS transmitter has a redundancy data generator for generating the redundancy data from AIS data supplied thereto or from parts thereof. tet, wherein the redundancy data generator is followed by a redundancy signal transmitter, which is arranged for converting the redundancy data into the redundancy signals and for transmitting the redundancy signals via the auxiliary channel.
- the redundancy data generator may be implemented in the form of one or more circuit components (hardware), by software expansion, or a combination thereof.
- the redundancy signal transmitter is supplied with the redundancy data generated by the redundancy data generator.
- the receiver side process steps are to receive the AlS signals from the main channel and to reconvert the received AlS signals into received AIS data, e.g. by de-modulating, further receiving the redundancy signals from the auxiliary channel and converting the redundancy signals into redundancy data, e.g. by demodulation, as well as an error correction of the received AIS data or parts thereof on the basis of the redundancy data.
- these method steps may be carried out in the AIS receiver, e.g. be realized by appropriate programming, i. by an extension or modification of the software of the AIS receiver.
- the AIS receiver has a redundancy signal receiver which is set up to receive the redundancy signals and to convert these redundancy signals into redundancy data, wherein the redundancy signal receiver is followed by an error correction unit , which is adapted to perform based on the redundancy data, an error correction of the received AIS data or parts thereof.
- the error correction unit is supplied with the redundancy data generated by the redundancy signal receiver.
- the aforementioned devices namely the AlS transmitter and the AIS receiver, can also be part of an AIS transceiver, ie a device which is set up both for transmitting and for receiving AlS signals. Accordingly, the object mentioned is also achieved by an AIS transceiver, comprising an AlS transmitter of the type described above and an AIS receiver of the type described above.
- the object mentioned at the outset is furthermore achieved by a computer program with program code means, set up for carrying out the transmitter-side method steps and / or the receiver-side method steps of the method of the previously described type, when the computer program is executed on a computer.
- the computer may be, for example, a computer, for example a microcomputer or microprocessor, an AlS transmitter, an AIS receiver or an AIS transceiver.
- the auxiliary channel can be realized, for example, by one of the embodiments explained below or by a combination of several of the embodiments explained below:
- Time-division multiplex for the transmission of the redundancy signals i. Transmission at times when no AlS signals are transmitted, e.g. free time slots of AIS data transmission.
- AIS receivers not equipped to evaluate the redundancy signals can still receive and evaluate the AlS signals, even if it z. B. in the above embodiments 2, 4 and 5 may come to interference, but are included in the AIS receiver as an increased noise level and accordingly filtered out by the receiving filter or other measures.
- Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a system of AlS transmitters
- Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a system of AlS transmitters
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a system which has an AlS transmitter 1 and two AIS receivers 2, 3.
- the AlS transmitter 1 is formed according to the invention with the transmitter-side redundancy signal transmission.
- the AIS receiver 2 is also designed according to the invention so that it can receive and evaluate the redundancy signals of the AlS transmitter 1.
- the AIS receiver 3 is a standard AIS receiver that is not set up to evaluate the redundancy signals.
- the AlS transmitter 1 is supplied with AIS data 5 to be transmitted, for example from sensors and / or other devices.
- AIS data to be transmitted for example, the ship ID of the ship on which the AlS transmitter 1 is used is also supplied, the position of the ship in the form of geographical data that can be provided for example by a global navigation system.
- the AIS data 5 to be transmitted are supplied to an AlS signal generator 10 of the AlS transmitter 1.
- the AIS data 5 are converted into AlS signals, which can then be transmitted wirelessly via the main channel 41, namely via one of the permissible AIS channels.
- the AIS data 5 are also fed to a redundancy data generator 1 1 of the AlS transmitter 1.
- coded data formed from the AIS data 5 with an error-correcting code is generated, which in particular comprises the redundancy data.
- n + k coded data bits are generated. From this, the added k data bits are further transmitted as redundancy data.
- This redundancy data is supplied from the redundancy data generator 11 to a redundancy signal transmitter 12, which converts the redundancy data into broadcast redundant signals, e.g. through appropriate modulation.
- These redundancy signals are then transmitted by the redundancy signal transmitter 12 via an auxiliary channel 42, which is present in addition to the main channel 41.
- the transmission of the AlS signals via the main channel 41 and the redundancy signals via the auxiliary channel 42 can take place via the same antenna of the AlS transmitter 1 or via separate antennas.
- the AlS signals and the redundancy signals emitted by the AlS transmitter 1 over the transmission link 4 can in principle be received within the radio range of each AIS receiver. Receiving including an evaluation of the redundancy signals, however, is only possible by appropriately upgraded AIS receiver according to the AIS receiver 2 shown here.
- the trained according to the previous standard AIS receiver 3 can evaluate the transmitted over the transmission path 4 via the main channel 41 AlS signals of the AlS transmitter 1 as before without any problems, ie via its AIS signal converter 30, the AlS signals from the main channel 41 in received Convert AIS data 7 and output to other devices.
- the redundancy signals transmitted via the auxiliary channel 42 may also be physically similar to the AIS receiver 3 or arrive its antenna, but lead to no further evaluation, as indicated in Figure 4 by the arrow 40 shown only dashed lines.
- the AlS signals from the main channel 41 are also received and converted via an AlS signal converter 20 into received AIS data, which correspond to the AIS data 5 except for possible transmission errors.
- the redundancy signals from the auxiliary channel 42 are additionally received and converted into the redundancy data via a redundancy signal receiver 21 of the AIS receiver 2.
- This redundancy data is supplied to an error correction unit 22 to which also the received AIS data output from the AlS signal converter 20 is supplied.
- an error correction of the received AIS data or of parts thereof is carried out by the error correction unit 22.
- the corresponding error-corrected AIS data are then output by the error correction unit 22 as received AIS data 6.
- the invention includes, as explained above, also realization possibilities in which the auxiliary channel is coupled to the main channel in such a way that the transmission paths for the main channel 41 and the auxiliary channel 42 shown separately in FIG. 1 unite in the representation. This will be explained with reference to the example of Figure 2.
- the implementation of the auxiliary channel takes place, for example, by amplitude modulation of the AlS signals emitted by the AlS transmitter 1.
- the AlS transmitter 1 is again formed with the AlS signal converter 10 and the redundancy data generator 1 1 in Figure 2.
- the AlS signals emitted by the AlS signal converter 10 are modulated in a modulator 13 with the redundancy signals from the redundancy data generator 11, eg according to the aforementioned amplitude modulation.
- the AlS signals to be transmitted in this way continue to meet the limits prescribed by the AIS standard, the main channel 41 and the auxiliary channel 42 being formed within the same signal transmission. These AlS signals are in turn transmitted via the transmission link 4 to the AIS receiver 2 and the AIS receiver 3.
- the AIS receiver 3 is not set up to evaluate the redundancy signals. It receives the AlS signals transmitted over the transmission link 4, but can only evaluate the signal components of the main channel 41 and converts these into the received AIS data 7.
- the redundancy signals which are contained in the signal transmitted via the transmission path 4 are evaluated.
- the signals received via the transmission path 4 are supplied in the AIS receiver 2 to the AlS signal converter 20 and in this case additionally to the redundancy signal receiver 21.
- the redundancy signal receiver 21 is technically different in this case than in the embodiment of Figure 1, since he must filter or demodulate the proportion of redundancy signals in the embodiment of Figure 2 from the common signal.
- the received AIS data outputted from the AlS signal converter 20 and the redundancy data obtained from the redundancy signal receiver 21 are supplied to the error correction unit 22, by which the explained error correction is performed.
- the data output therefrom are finally output as received AIS data 6.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015121506.3A DE102015121506B4 (de) | 2015-12-10 | 2015-12-10 | AIS-Datenübertragung |
| PCT/EP2016/080104 WO2017097842A1 (de) | 2015-12-10 | 2016-12-07 | Ais-datenübertragung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3387760A1 true EP3387760A1 (de) | 2018-10-17 |
Family
ID=57539240
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16809358.1A Ceased EP3387760A1 (de) | 2015-12-10 | 2016-12-07 | Ais-datenübertragung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10666395B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3387760A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA3001080C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102015121506B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2017097842A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019126694A1 (de) * | 2019-10-02 | 2021-04-08 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren, Kommunikationssystem, Sende- und Empfangseinrichtung zur funkbasierten Übertragung von Kommunikationsdaten |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8780788B2 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2014-07-15 | Com Dev International Ltd. | Systems and methods for decoding automatic identification system signals |
| US9331774B2 (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2016-05-03 | Exactearth Ltd. | Systems and methods for segmenting a satellite field of view for detecting radio frequency signals |
| JP5577213B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-20 | 2014-08-20 | 古野電気株式会社 | 船舶自動識別装置、船舶自動識別方法、および船舶自動識別プログラム |
| FR2970130B1 (fr) * | 2011-01-03 | 2013-08-30 | Centre Nat Etd Spatiales | Procede de decodage et decodeur |
| FR2970131B1 (fr) * | 2011-01-03 | 2013-01-04 | Centre Nat Etd Spatiales | Procede de correction de messages contenant des bits de bourrage |
| US9762265B2 (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2017-09-12 | Exactearth Ltd. | Methods and systems for enhanced detection of electronic tracking messages |
| US8904257B2 (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2014-12-02 | Exactearth Ltd. | Methods and systems for enhanced detection of e-Navigation messages |
| DE102015112570B4 (de) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-11-10 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zum Senden und Empfangen von AIS-Funksignalen |
-
2015
- 2015-12-10 DE DE102015121506.3A patent/DE102015121506B4/de active Active
-
2016
- 2016-12-07 CA CA3001080A patent/CA3001080C/en active Active
- 2016-12-07 US US15/764,569 patent/US10666395B2/en active Active
- 2016-12-07 WO PCT/EP2016/080104 patent/WO2017097842A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2016-12-07 EP EP16809358.1A patent/EP3387760A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20180287740A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
| US10666395B2 (en) | 2020-05-26 |
| CA3001080C (en) | 2023-09-26 |
| DE102015121506B4 (de) | 2018-09-06 |
| CA3001080A1 (en) | 2017-06-15 |
| WO2017097842A1 (de) | 2017-06-15 |
| DE102015121506A1 (de) | 2017-06-14 |
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