EP3381926A1 - Organometallische verbindung, organische lichtemittierende vorrichtung mit der organometallischen verbindung und diagnosezusammensetzung mit der organometallischen verbindung - Google Patents

Organometallische verbindung, organische lichtemittierende vorrichtung mit der organometallischen verbindung und diagnosezusammensetzung mit der organometallischen verbindung Download PDF

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EP3381926A1
EP3381926A1 EP18164177.0A EP18164177A EP3381926A1 EP 3381926 A1 EP3381926 A1 EP 3381926A1 EP 18164177 A EP18164177 A EP 18164177A EP 3381926 A1 EP3381926 A1 EP 3381926A1
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group
substituted
unsubstituted
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salt
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EP3381926B1 (de
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Whail Choi
Seungyeon Kwak
Hyun Koo
Sungjun Kim
Jiwhan Kim
Hyeonho Choi
Seokhwan Hong
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Definitions

  • One or more embodiments relate to an organometallic compound, an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound, and a diagnostic composition including the organometallic compound.
  • Organic light-emitting devices are self-emission devices, which have better characteristics in terms of a viewing angle, a response time, a brightness, a driving voltage, and a response speed, and produce full-color images.
  • an organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer.
  • a hole transport region may be between the anode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region may be between the emission layer and the cathode.
  • Holes provided from the anode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region.
  • the holes and the electrons recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons transit from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.
  • luminescent compounds may be used to monitor, sense, or detect a variety of biological materials including cells and proteins.
  • An example of the luminescent compounds includes a phosphorescent luminescent compound.
  • an organometallic compound an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound, and a diagnostic composition including the organometallic compound.
  • an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 represented by Formula 1: ⁇ Formula 1> M(L 11 ) n1 (L 12 ) n2
  • an organic light-emitting device including: a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer and at least one organometallic compound as described above.
  • the organometallic compound may serve as a dopant.
  • a diagnostic composition including at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.
  • FIGURE is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment.
  • An organometallic compound according to an embodiment may be represented by Formula 1 below: ⁇ Formula 1> M(L 11 ) n1 (L 12 ) n2 .
  • M in Formula 1 may be a third row transition metal.
  • M in Formula 1 may be Os, Pt, Pd, Au, Ru, Re, Rd, Rh, or Ir, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • M in Formula 1 may be Os, Ru, Pt, or Pd, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be a neutral compound which is not composed of an ion pair of a cation and an anion.
  • L 11 may be a ligand represented by Formula 2,
  • M may be Os, and n1 may be 1 or 2.
  • M may be Pt, n1 and n2 may each be 1, and L 12 may be a monodentate organic ligand, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • X 1 may be B(R 7 ), N(R 7 ), P(R 7 ), or As(R 7 ).
  • R 7 may not be not linked to M of Formula 1, and in addition, may not be linked to any of CY 1 to CY 4 , T 1 , and T 2 of Formula 2.
  • X 1 may be P(R 7 ), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • X 2 and X 3 may each independently be N or C.
  • At least one selected from a bond between X 2 and M and a bond between X 3 and M may be a covalent bond.
  • one selected from a bond between X 2 and M and a bond between X 3 and M may be a covalent bond, and the other bond may be a covalent bond or a coordination bond.
  • X 2 may be N and X 3 may be C; X 2 may be C and X 3 may be N; or X 2 and X 3 may be both N.
  • CY 1 to CY 4 may each independently be selected from a C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group and a C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group.
  • CY 1 to CY 4 may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a cyclopentadiene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, a pyrrole group, a thiophene group, a furan group, an indole group, an isoindole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzogermole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a fluorene group, a dibenzos
  • L 1 to L 5 may each independently be selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group.
  • L 1 to L 5 may each independently be selected from:
  • b1 to b5 each indicate the number of L 1 to L 5 , respectively, and may each independently be an integer of 1 to 5.
  • b1 is two or more, two or more of L 1 (s) may be identical to or different from each other
  • b2 is two or more
  • two or more of L 2 (s) may be identical to or different from each other
  • b3 is two or more
  • two or more of L 3 (s) may be identical to or different from each other
  • b4 is two or more
  • two or more of L 4 (s) may be identical to or different from each other
  • b5 is two or more, two or more of L 5 (s) may be identical to or different from each other.
  • b1 to b5 may each independently be 1 or 2.
  • R 5 and R 6 may optionally be linked via a single bond or a first linking group to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group (for example, a 5-membered to 7-membered cyclic group having 5 or 6 carbons; a 5-membered to 7-membered cyclic group having 5 or 6 carbons, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a cyano group, -F, a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, and a C 6 -C 14 aryl group).
  • a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group for example, a 5-membered to 7-membered cyclic group having 5 or 6 carbons; a 5-membered to 7-membered cycl
  • T 1 and T 2 may each be a single bond, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • R 1 to R 7 may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -CI, - Br, -I, -SF 5 , a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -
  • R 1 to R 7 may each independently be selected from:
  • Ph indicates a phenyl group
  • TMS indicates a trimethylsilyl group
  • * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
  • c1 to c5 indicate the number of R 1 to R 5 , respectively, and may each independently be an integer of 1 to 5.
  • c1 is two or more, two or more of R 1 (s) may be identical to or different from each other
  • c2 is two or more
  • two or more of R 2 (s) may be identical to or different from each other
  • c3 is two or more
  • two or more of R 3 (s) may be identical to or different from each other
  • c4 is two or more
  • two or more of R 4 (s) may be identical to or different from each other
  • c5 is two or more, two or more of R 5 (s) may be identical to or different from each other.
  • c1 to c5 may each independently be 1, 2, or 3.
  • a1 to a4 indicate the number of *-(L 1 ) b1 -(R 1 ) c1 , *-(L 2 ) b2 -(R 2 ) c2 , *-(L 3 ) b3 -(R 3 ) c3 , and *-(L 4 ) b4 -(R 4 ) c4 , respectively, and may each independently be an integer of 0 to 20.
  • a1 when a1 is two or more, two or more of *-(L 1 ) b1 -(R 1 ) c1 (s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a2 is two or more, two or more of *-(L 2 ) b2 -(R 2 ) c2 (s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a3 is two or more, two or more of *-(L 3 ) b3 -(R 3 ) c3 (s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when a4 is two or more, two or more of *-(L 4 )b 4 -(R 4 )c 4 (s) may be identical to or different from each other.
  • a1 to a4 may each independently be an integer of 1 to 5.
  • two of a plurality of neighboring R 1 (s) may optionally be linked to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group
  • two of a plurality of neighboring R 2 (s) may optionally be linked to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group
  • two of a plurality of neighboring R 3 (s) may optionally be linked to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group
  • two of a plurality of neighboring R 4 (s) may optionally be linked to form a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstit
  • a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group each of which may be formed by two of a plurality of R 1 (s), two of a plurality of R 2 (s), two of a plurality of R 3 (s), two of a plurality of R 4 (s), and two or more of neighboring R 1 to R 4 that are optionally linked, may be selected from:
  • an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azaindene group, an azaindole group, an azabenzosilole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azafluorene group, an azacarbazole group, and an azadibenzosilole group each independently indicate a heteroring having the same backbone as "a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, an indene group, an indole group, a benzosilole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a fluorene group, a carbazole group, and a dibenzosilole group", respectively, wherein at least one carbon constituting the ring is substituted with nitrogen.
  • a moiety represented by in Formula 2 may be represented by one selected from Formulae CY1-1 to CY1-12:
  • a moiety represented by in Formula 2 may be represented by one selected from Formulae CY3-1 to CY3-9:
  • a moiety represented by in Formula 2 may be represented by one selected from Formulae CY4-1 to CY4-40:
  • the moiety represented by in Formula 2 may be represented by Formula CY1(1), and/or the moiety represented by in Formula 2 may be represented by one selected from Formulae CY3(1) to CY3(11), and/or the moiety represented by in Formula 2 may be represented by one selected from Formulae CY4(1) to CY4(23):
  • X 1 to X 3 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently the same as described above
  • X 41 may be O, S, N(R 41 ), or C(R 41 )(R 42 )
  • R 4a to R 4d , R 4 , and R 42 are each independently the same described in connection with R 4 , provided that R 3 , R 4 , R 4a to R 4d , R 41 , and R 42 may not each independently be hydrogen, *, *', and *" each indicate a binding site to M of Formula 1, and *'" and each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
  • L 12 may be selected from ligands represented by Formulae 3A to 3D and 6-1: *-(T 3 ) t3 -R 61 6-1
  • L 12 in Formula 1 may be selected from a ligand represented by Formula 6-1, and T 3 in Formula 6-1 may not be a single bond.
  • L 12 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formulae 12-2 to 12-5:
  • L 12 in Formula 1 may be selected from ligands represented by Formulae 13-1 to 13-47 and 14-1 to 14-28, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:
  • the organometallic compound may be one selected from Compounds 1 to 46, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:
  • t Bu indicates a tert-butyl group.
  • the ligand represented by Formula 2 may be a tridentate ligand having a moiety represented by Therefore, in the ligand represented by Formula 2, Cyclometallated ring 1 (refer to Formula 2' below) formed by M, X 1 , CY 2 , T 1 , and CY 3 may be a ring including at least 6-membered ring (for example, a 6-membered ring, a 7-membered ring, or a 8-membered ring):
  • the organometallic compound including the ligand represented by Formula 2 may have relatively short radiative decay time and strong metal-ligand charge transfer, as well as not only excellent chemical resistance, electrical stability, and robustness, at the same time. Furthermore, due to the presence of Cyclometallated ring 1 which is at least 6-membered ring, a stable binding angle between M (metal) and L 11 (tridentate ligand represented by Formula 2) in Formula 1 may be formed, thereby improving the molecular stability of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1. Therefore, an electronic device, for example, an organic light-emitting device, including the organometallic compound, may have improved emission efficiency.
  • the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 has such electric characteristics that are suitable for use in an electric device, for example, for use as a dopant for an organic light-emitting device.
  • Synthesis methods of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be recognizable by one of ordinary skill in the art by referring to Synthesis Examples provided below.
  • the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be suitable for use in an organic layer of an organic light-emitting device, for example, for use as a dopant in an emission layer of the organic layer.
  • an organic light-emitting device including: a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic layer that is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an organic layer including an emission layer and at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.
  • the organic light-emitting device may have, due to the inclusion of an organic layer including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, a low driving voltage, high efficiency, high power, high quantum efficiency, a long lifespan, a low roll-off ratio, and excellent color purity.
  • the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be used between a pair of electrodes of the organic light-emitting device.
  • the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 may be included in the emission layer.
  • the organometallic compound may act as a dopant, and the emission layer may further include a host (that is, an amount of the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 is smaller than an amount of the host).
  • organometallic compounds used herein may include a case in which "(an organic layer) includes identical organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1" and a case in which "(an organic layer) includes two or more different organometallic compounds represented by Formula 1.”
  • the organic layer may include, as the organometallic compound, only Compound 1.
  • Compound 1 may exist in an emission layer of the organic light-emitting device.
  • the organic layer may include, as the organometallic compound, Compound 1 and Compound 2.
  • Compound 1 and Compound 2 may exist in an identical layer (for example, Compound 1 and Compound 2 all may exist in an emission layer).
  • the first electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode, and the second electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode; or the first electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode, and the second electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode.
  • the first electrode is an anode
  • the second electrode is a cathode
  • the organic layer further includes a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode
  • the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a buffer layer, or any combination thereof
  • the electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.
  • organic layer refers to a single layer and/or a plurality of layers between the first electrode and the second electrode of the organic light-emitting device.
  • the “organic layer” may include, in addition to an organic compound, an organometallic complex including metal.
  • FIGURE is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment.
  • the organic light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 11, an organic layer 15, and a second electrode 19, which are sequentially stacked.
  • a substrate may be additionally disposed under the first electrode 11 or above the second electrode 19.
  • the substrate any substrate that is used in general organic light-emitting devices may be used, and the substrate may be a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water resistance.
  • the first electrode 11 may be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 11 on the substrate.
  • the first electrode 11 may be an anode.
  • the material for forming the first electrode 11 may be selected from materials with a high work function to facilitate hole injection.
  • the first electrode 11 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode.
  • the material for forming the first electrode may be, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO).
  • magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), or magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag) may be used as the material for forming the first electrode.
  • the first electrode 11 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers.
  • the first electrode 11 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.
  • the organic layer 15 is disposed on the first electrode 11.
  • the organic layer 15 may include a hole transport region, an emission layer, and an electron transport region.
  • the hole transport region may be disposed between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer.
  • the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a buffer layer, or any combination thereof.
  • the hole transport region may include only either a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer.
  • the hole transport region may have a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer structure, which are sequentially stacked in this stated order from the first electrode 11.
  • a hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode 11 by using one or more suitable methods selected from vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, or Langmuir-Blodgett deposition.
  • the deposition conditions may vary according to a compound that is used to form the hole injection layer, and the structure and thermal characteristics of the hole injection layer.
  • the deposition conditions may include a deposition temperature of about 100 to about 500°C, a vacuum pressure of about 10-8 to about 10-3 torr, and a deposition rate of about 0.01 ⁇ /sec to about 100 ⁇ /sec.
  • the deposition conditions are not limited thereto.
  • coating conditions may vary according to the material used to form the hole injection layer, and the structure and thermal properties of the hole injection layer.
  • a coating speed may be from about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm
  • a temperature at which a heat treatment is performed to remove a solvent after coating may be from about 80°C to about 200°C.
  • the coating conditions are not limited thereto.
  • Conditions for forming a hole transport layer and an electron blocking layer may be understood by referring to conditions for forming the hole injection layer.
  • the hole transport region may include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, ⁇ -NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonicacid (PANI/CSA), polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201 below, and a compound represented by Formula 202 below:
  • Ar 101 and Ar 102 in Formula 201 may each be selected from:
  • xa and xb may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, or 0, 1, or 2.
  • xa is 1 and xb is 0, but xa and xb are not limited thereto.
  • R 101 to R 108 , R 111 to R 119 , and R 121 to R 124 in Formulae 201 and 202 may each independently be selected from:
  • the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:
  • R 101 , R 111 , R 112 , and R 109 in Formula 201A are each independently the same as described above.
  • the compound represented by Formula 201 and the compound represented by Formula 202 may each include Compounds HT1 to HT20 below, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:
  • a thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100 ⁇ to about 10,000 ⁇ , for example, about 100 ⁇ to about 1,000 ⁇ .
  • the thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 ⁇ to about 10,000 ⁇ , and for example, about 100 ⁇ to about 1,000 ⁇
  • the thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 ⁇ to about 2,000 ⁇ , and for example, about 100 ⁇ to about 1500 ⁇ .
  • the hole transport region may further include, in addition to these materials, a charge-generation material for the improvement of conductive properties.
  • the charge-generation material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.
  • the charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant.
  • the p-dopant may be one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • Non-limiting examples of the p-dopant are a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ); a metal oxide, such as a tungsten oxide or a molybdenium oxide; and a cyano group-containing compound, such as Compound HT-D1 below, but are not limited thereto.
  • a quinone derivative such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ)
  • a metal oxide such as a tungsten oxide or a molybdenium oxide
  • a cyano group-containing compound such as Compound HT-D1 below, but are not limited thereto.
  • the hole transport region may include a buffer layer.
  • the buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer, and thus, efficiency of a formed organic light-emitting device may be improved.
  • an emission layer may be formed on the hole transport region by vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB deposition, or the like.
  • the deposition or coating conditions may be similar to those applied in forming the hole injection layer although the deposition or coating conditions may vary according to a compound that is used to form the emission layer.
  • a material for the electron blocking layer may be selected from materials for the hole transport region described above and materials for a host to be explained later.
  • the material for the electron blocking layer is not limited thereto.
  • a material for the electron blocking layer may be mCP, which will be explained later.
  • the emission layer may include a host and a dopant, and the dopant may include the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.
  • the host may include at least one selected from TPBi, TBADN, ADN (also referred to as "DNA”), CBP, CDBP, TCP, mCP, Compound H50, Compound H51 and Compound H52:
  • the host may further include a compound represented by Formula 301 below.
  • Ar 111 and Ar 112 in Formula 301 may each independently be selected from:
  • Ar 113 to Ar 116 in Formula 301 may each independently be selected from:
  • Ar 113 to Ar 116 in Formula 301 may each be selected from:
  • the host may include a compound represented by Formula 302 below:
  • Ar 122 to Ar 125 in Formula 302 are the same as described in detail in connection with Ar 113 in Formula 301.
  • Ar 126 and Ar 127 in Formula 302 may each be a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group).
  • k and l in Formula 302 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 4.
  • k and l may be 0, 1, or 2.
  • the compound represented by Formula 301 and the compound represented by Formula 302 may include Compounds H1 to H42 below, but are not limited thereto:
  • the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer.
  • the emission layer may emit white light.
  • an amount of the dopant may be in a range of about 0.01 parts to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the host, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • a thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 ⁇ to about 1,000 ⁇ , for example, about 200 ⁇ to about 600 ⁇ . When the thickness of the emission layer is within this range, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
  • an electron transport region may be disposed on the emission layer.
  • the electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.
  • the electron transport region may have a hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure or an electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, but the structure of the electron transport region is not limited thereto.
  • the electron transport layer may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more different materials.
  • Conditions for forming the hole blocking layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer which constitute the electron transport region may be understood by referring to the conditions for forming the hole injection layer.
  • the hole blocking layer may include, for example, at least one of BCP, Bphen, and BAlq but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:
  • a thickness of the hole blocking layer may be in a range of about 20 ⁇ to about 1,000 ⁇ , for example, about 30 ⁇ to about 300 ⁇ . When the thickness of the hole blocking layer is within these ranges, the hole blocking layer may have improved hole blocking ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
  • the electron transport layer may include at least one selected from BCP, Bphen, Alq 3 , BAlq, TAZ, and NTAZ:
  • the electron transport layer may include at least one of ET1 to ET25, but are not limited thereto:
  • a thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 ⁇ to about 1,000 ⁇ , for example, about 150 ⁇ to about 500 ⁇ . When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the range described above, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electron transport characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
  • the electron transport layer may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material.
  • the metal-containing material may include a Li complex.
  • the Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium 8-hydroxyquinolate, LiQ) or ET-D2.
  • the electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that promotes flow of electrons from the second electrode 19 thereinto.
  • the electron injection layer may include at least one selected from LiF, a naCI, CsF, Li2O, and BaO.
  • a thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 ⁇ to about 100 ⁇ , for example, about 3 ⁇ to about 90 ⁇ . When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the range described above, the electron injection layer may have satisfactory electron injection characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.
  • the second electrode 19 is disposed on the organic layer 15.
  • the second electrode 19 may be a cathode.
  • a material for forming the second electrode 19 may be selected from metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a combination thereof, which have a relatively low work function.
  • lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), or magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag) may be used as a material for forming the second electrode 19.
  • a transmissive electrode formed using ITO or IZO may be used as the second electrode 19.
  • a diagnostic composition including at least one organometallic compound represented by Formula 1.
  • the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1 provides high luminescent efficiency. Accordingly, a diagnostic composition including the organometallic compound may have high diagnostic efficiency.
  • the diagnostic composition may be used in various applications including a diagnosis kit, a diagnosis reagent, a biosensor, and a biomarker.
  • C 1 -C 60 alkyl group refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isoamyl group, and a hexyl group.
  • C 1 -C 60 alkylene group refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 1 -C 60 alkyl group.
  • C 1 -C 60 alkoxy group refers to a monovalent group represented by -OA 101 (wherein A 101 is the C 1 -C 60 alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.
  • C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C 2 -C 60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group.
  • C 2 -C 60 alkenylene group refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 2 -C 60 alkenyl group.
  • C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C 2 -C 60 alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethynyl group, and a propynyl group.
  • C 2 -C 60 alkynylene group refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 2 -C 60 alkynyl group.
  • C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group.
  • C 3 -C 10 cycloalkylene group refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group.
  • C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group refers to a monovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group.
  • C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkylene group refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl group.
  • C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group.
  • C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenylene group refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl group.
  • C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring.
  • Examples of the C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group.
  • C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenylene group refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C 1 -C 10 heterocycloalkenyl group.
  • C 6 -C 60 aryl group refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms
  • C 6 -C 60 arylene group refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms.
  • Non-limiting examples of the C 6 -C 60 aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group.
  • the C 6 -C 60 aryl group and the C 6 -C 60 arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.
  • C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group refers to a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms.
  • C 1 -C 60 heteroarylene group refers to a divalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms.
  • Non-limiting examples of the C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group.
  • the C 1 -C 60 heteroaryl group and the C 1 -C 60 heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.
  • C 6 -C 60 aryloxy group used herein indicates -OA 102 (wherein A 102 is the C 6 -C 60 aryl group), and a C 6 -C 60 arylthio group used herein indicates -SA 103 (wherein A 103 is the C 6 -C 60 aryl group).
  • monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure.
  • monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorenyl group.
  • divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.
  • the term "monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 2 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, a heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure.
  • Non-limiting examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group include a carbazolyl group.
  • divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
  • C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, 5 to 30 carbon atoms only.
  • the C 5 -C 30 carbocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group.
  • C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, Si and S other than 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • the C 1 -C 30 heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group.
  • the glass substrate was mounted on a vacuum-deposition device.
  • 2-TNATA was deposited on the anode to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 600 ⁇ .
  • 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (hereinafter, referred as "NPB") was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 1,350 ⁇ .
  • CBP (as a host) and Compound 1 (as a dopant) were co-deposited on the hole transport layer at a weight ratio of 94:6 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 ⁇ .
  • BCP was deposited on the emission layer to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 50 ⁇ .
  • Alq 3 was deposited on the hole blocking layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 350 ⁇ .
  • LiF was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ .
  • MgAg was deposited on the electron injection layer at a weight ratio of 90:10 to form a cathode having a thickness of 120 ⁇ , thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device (which emits red light).
  • An organic light-emitting device (which emits red light) was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the formation of the emission layer, Compounds listed in Table 2 (wherein, in Compound B, "Ph” represents a phenyl group, and “Me” represents a methyl group) were used instead of Compound 1 as a dopant.
  • the driving voltage, luminescence efficiency, maximum emission wavelength ( ⁇ max ), external quantum efficiency (EQE), full width at half maximum (FWHM), and lifespan (LT 97 ) of the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples A and B were evaluated. The results thereof are shown in Table 2.
  • a Keithley 2400 current voltmeter and a luminance meter (Minolta Cs-1000A) were used in the evaluation.
  • the lifespan (T 97 ) (at 3,500nit) refers to time required for the initial luminance of the organic light-emitting device to reduce by 97%.
  • the improvement of EQE and lifespan characteristics of the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 and 2 may be resulted from the reduced non-emitting transition caused by the reduced vibrational mode of Compounds 1 and 7 due to the robust tridentate ligands of Compounds 1 and 7.
  • the organometallic compound has excellent electric characteristics and thermal stability, and thus, the organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound may have excellent driving voltage, efficiency, electric power, color purity, and lifespan characteristics.
  • the organometallic compound has excellent phosphorescent emission characteristics.
  • the diagnostic composition may have a high diagnostic efficiency.

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