Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
  • A61B3/022—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing contrast sensitivity
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
  • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
  • A61B3/032—Devices for presenting test symbols or characters, e.g. test chart projectors
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
  • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
  • A61B3/06—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing light sensitivity, e.g. adaptation; for testing colour vision

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for evaluating the vision of an individual under predefined luminance conditions.
• the mesopic vision corresponds to the vision of a scene whose luminance is between 3 and 10 cd / m2
• the scotopic vision corresponds to the vision of a scene whose luminance is less than 0.001 cd / m2.
• An evaluation method according to the invention makes it possible to evaluate the vision of an individual in a multiplicity of configurations each corresponding to a given luminance contrast, while avoiding the drawbacks of the state of the art.
• the invention relates to a method for evaluating the vision of an individual in predefined luminance conditions, from a screen having an image comprising a background and characters to be decrypted appearing on said background.
• the main characteristic of an evaluation method according to the invention is that it comprises the following steps,
• a step of adjusting the luminance of the background of the image a step of adjusting the luminance of the characters to be deciphered appearing on the image, said two steps being independent of one another so as to obtain the desired contrast between the background and the characters.
• the principle of such a method is to display to an individual the different visible characters appearing on the background of the image, for a desired luminance contrast between said background and said characters.
• a method according to the invention is perfectly suited to the evaluation of the mesopic vision and the scotopic vision of an individual.
• the characters to be deciphered and the background can be declined in grayscale and / or color.
• the characters to be deciphered may be of any kind, and may for example correspond to separate letters or text, to numbers, to a mixture of numbers and letters, to geometric figures, to separate or mixed color palettes , etc. ....
• the term "screen" is generic and covers any device capable of displaying an image with a background and characters to decipher. Such a device may, for example, be represented by a device with a bulb, or by a computer screen.
• the luminance of the characters and the luminance of the background are variable. It is therefore sufficient to fix a luminance for the background, then to adjust the luminance of the characters to be deciphered to said luminance of the background to restore the conditions of a night scene.
• the image appearing on the screen is characterized by pixels, the luminance of the background of the image and that of the characters being adjusted at the level of said pixels.
• Each pixel can have a plurality of gray levels or a plurality of colors, and thus makes it possible to obtain a multiplicity of different luminances. Thanks to these many possibilities of grayscale and color, the brightness of the background and the characters to be deciphered can be fine and therefore very precise.
• the luminance of the background of the image is adjusted in greyscale more or less dark to simulate the conditions of a vision by night. To restore the conditions of a night scene, it is important to respect a certain level of luminance contrast between the background and the characters to be deciphered.
• the luminance of the background is set to a given gray level and the luminance of the characters is set to a gray level depending on the gray level of said background, so as to control both the luminance of the background of the background. image but also the display contrast between the background and the characters.
• the background of the image and the characters are in color.
• the screen can thus reveal an image whose background has a variable color and characters also having their own color, which may be different from that of the background or be similar to that of said background but with a different intensity.
• an evaluation method comprises a step of evaluating the mesopic vision of an individual.
• the luminance of the background and the characters to be deciphered are adjusted to reproduce a visible scene in the appropriate luminance range.
• An evaluation method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the evaluation of the vision of an individual by low luminance.
• said method comprises a step of evaluating the scotopic vision of an individual.
• the luminance of the background and the characters to be deciphered are adjusted to reproduce a visible scene in the appropriate luminance range.
• An evaluation method according to the invention is particularly suited to the evaluation of the vision of an individual by very low luminance to simulate the vision of a night scene.
• Another object of the invention is a device for displaying an image for carrying out a method according to the invention, said device comprising a screen capable of displaying an image comprising a background and characters appearing on said background.
• the main characteristic of a display device according to the invention is that it comprises control means capable of independently controlling the luminance of the background and the luminance of the characters to be deciphered.
• the image consists of pixels, said control means acting on said pixels to modify the luminance of the background and characters.
• control means are able to adjust the gray level or the color of each pixel.
• a display device consists of a tablet, able to be manipulated by an individual wishing to test his vision under certain luminance conditions.
• the tablet may be tactile, the controls of the luminance of the background of the image and the characters to be decrypted being triggered by a pressure on the screen at the indicated locations.
• a method for evaluating the vision of an individual according to the invention has the advantage of testing the vision of an individual on a plurality of scenes having different luminance contrasts, without involving a bulky apparatus that is difficult to manipulate. . It also has the advantage of not only being particularly suited to the evaluation of the night vision of an individual, but also to be able to implement a multiplicity of tests involving various gray levels and / or different colors. with predefined luminance contrasts.
• FIG. 1 is an example of a screen capture for evaluating the visual acuity of a daytime individual
• FIG. 2 is a first example of a screen capture, making it possible to evaluate the vision of an individual at night
• FIG. 3 is a second example of a screen shot, making it possible to evaluate the vision of an individual at night,
• FIG. 4 is a diagram of the luminance of a screen and of the luminance of characters to be deciphered along an abscissa axis of a screen for carrying out an evaluation method according to FIG. invention.
• An image display device 1 for carrying out a method according to the invention for testing the vision of an individual under certain luminance conditions comprises a screen capable of displaying an image consisting of pixels.
• each pixel is associated with a color, usually broken down into three primary components, namely red, green and blue.
• each pixel can be declined in 255 gray levels between white and black, and in a multiplicity of colors.
• Such a display device may for example take the appearance of a computer computer or a touch pad.
• a method for evaluating the vision of an individual under certain luminance conditions is achieved by means of the display of at least one image 1 representative of a scene to be viewed having a given luminance.
• each image 1 has a background 2 having a particular color and characters 3 to be deciphered having a color different from that of said background 2.
• characters 3 to be deciphered may for example appear as numbers 4, letters 5 and / or any particular geometric shapes, and / or colored areas.
• Figure 1 illustrates an example of a conventional image, provided by a screen and for assessing the visual acuity of a daytime individual.
• this image 1 has a background 2 white and horizontal lines of characters 3 in black, in the form of a number 4 and several letters 5.
• each line includes characters 3 all having the same size, two distinct lines with characters of different size.
• Each line comprises a number 4 located on the left of the screen and a series of five regularly spaced letters 5 and located to the right of said number 4. All the numbers 4 of the different lines are aligned vertically to form a column.
• the current screens offer only a few possibilities of images to test the visual acuity and more particularly the vision of the contrasts, of an individual.
• the background 2 remains generally white, and the characters 3 to be deciphered are available in a few gray levels and / or in a few colors, the luminance of said background 2 and said characters 3 remaining homogeneous.
• the picture capabilities provided with current screens for testing an individual's vision under different luminance conditions are limited.
• the current screens of computers or tablets having only one luminance control uniformly regulating the luminance of the background 2 of the image 1 and that of the characters 3 to be decrypted, do not allow donations not to vary the relative display contrast between the characters 3 and the bottom 2 of the image 1, at a given background luminance 2.
• a method for evaluating the visual acuity, the contrast vision or the colors of an individual, especially at night according to the invention is based on the principle of an independent adjustment of the luminance of the background 2 of the image and that of the characters 3 to decipher.
• a method according to the invention is not only perfectly suited to a rigorous and realistic evaluation of the vision of a night individual, but is also suitable for an evaluation of this vision in a multiplicity of situations involving different levels of gray, and / or different colors.
• the luminance of the background 2 of the image is set to bring said background 2 to a certain level of gray, and the luminance of the characters 3 to be decrypted is set independently from that of said bottom 2, so that the difference in luminance between the bottom 2 and the characters 3 is representative of that of a night scene.
• a method according to the invention thus makes it possible to obtain the following functions on a digital screen:
• a method for evaluating the mesopic or scotopic vision of an individual consists in adjusting the luminance of the background 2 of the image 1 to obtain a desired level of gray, then to adjust if necessary, the luminance of the characters 3 to be deciphered so that the set constituted by the background 2 and the characters 3 is representative of a night scene.
• Curve 10 represents in terms of luminance the image to be displayed as a function of the abscissa on the screen.
• the low zones 11 of this sinusoidal curve materialize the presence of a character 3 to be deciphered
• the high zones 12 materialize the spaces of the screen located between two successive characters 3.
• the curve 13 materializes the luminance level of the characters 3 to be deciphered from the image 1, which can be adjusted according to the needs.
• the curve 14 materializes the luminance level of the background 2 of the image 1, which can be adjusted as needed.
• Curve 15 represents the minimum luminance level below which the luminance of the background 2 of the image 1 can not fall, through the adjustment of the standard display brightness proposed by the screen manufacturers.
• a method according to the invention makes it possible to act independently on the curves 13 and 14, reflecting an independent adjustment of the luminance of the background 2 of the image 1, and this, even below the minimum value that one can achieve with the standard screen brightness settings, and the luminance of the characters 3 to be decrypted.
• a method according to the invention thanks to the adjustment flexibility of the background 2 of the image 1 and that of the characters 3 to be deciphered, can be applied for all currently available tests, such as, for example, the acuity tests. visual, stereoscopic vision, fusion test, color test, etc. ...
• the current digital screens do not allow for all these tests because they do not give the possibility, not only to adjust the luminance of the bottom 2 of the image 1 sufficiently low, that is to say below the level shown by the curve 15, but also to separate the adjustment of the luminance of the background 2 of the image 1 and the setting of the luminance of the characters to be decrypted and significantly reduce the test patterns.
• this technique also allows calibration of colorimetry to adjust color temperatures, but also an automatic adjustment of the luminance or colors of the images if the device is equipped with a suitable sensor.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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• Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• 2015
  • 2015-11-25 FR FR1561368A patent/FR3043901A1/fr active Pending
• 2016
  • 2016-11-17 WO PCT/FR2016/052991 patent/WO2017089681A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2016-11-17 US US15/775,969 patent/US10674903B2/en active Active
  • 2016-11-17 EP EP16812996.3A patent/EP3379995A1/de active Pending
  • 2016-11-17 CN CN201680062615.4A patent/CN108348150B/zh active Active

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