EP3377235A1 - Mehrschichtiger lackaufbau mit thermolatentem katalysator - Google Patents
Mehrschichtiger lackaufbau mit thermolatentem katalysatorInfo
- Publication number
- EP3377235A1 EP3377235A1 EP16802006.3A EP16802006A EP3377235A1 EP 3377235 A1 EP3377235 A1 EP 3377235A1 EP 16802006 A EP16802006 A EP 16802006A EP 3377235 A1 EP3377235 A1 EP 3377235A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- basecoat
- clearcoat
- polyisocyanate
- substrate
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- -1 cyclic tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- DFPJRUKWEPYFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diisocyanatopentane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCN=C=O DFPJRUKWEPYFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical class O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 40
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 36
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 25
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 13
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 12
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 11
- 125000001190 organyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 7
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Amino-2-Deoxy-Hexose Chemical compound NC1C(O)OC(CO)C(O)C1O MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012972 dimethylethanolamine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- BTZVKSVLFLRBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropyl acetate Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)=O BTZVKSVLFLRBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001281643 Solus Species 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3S)-octan-3-ol Natural products CCCCCC(O)CC NMRPBPVERJPACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOFPPJOZXUTRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol Natural products CCCCC(O)CCC WOFPPJOZXUTRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;styrene Chemical compound C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 BXOUVIIITJXIKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940074076 glycerol formal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940119545 isobornyl methacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013035 low temperature curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NEMFQSKAPLGFIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[Mg] NEMFQSKAPLGFIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012243 magnesium silicates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-diphenyloxamide Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FTWUXYZHDFCGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCAMXZBMXVIIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-3-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(CC)OC(=O)C(C)=C KCAMXZBMXVIIQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC([O-])=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007591 painting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GYDSPAVLTMAXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULDDEWDFUNBUCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCOC(=O)C=C ULDDEWDFUNBUCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorophthalic anhydride Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1Cl AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(2+) Chemical compound [Sn+2] IUTCEZPPWBHGIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/52—Two layers
- B05D7/53—Base coat plus clear coat type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/52—Two layers
- B05D7/53—Base coat plus clear coat type
- B05D7/532—Base coat plus clear coat type the two layers being cured or baked together, i.e. wet on wet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/36—Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
Definitions
- the paint When painting high-quality goods such as Automobiles, the paint is usually applied in several layers.
- a primer is first applied, which should improve the adhesion between the substrate and the subsequent layers depending on the substrate and also serves to protect the substrate from corrosion, if this is susceptible to corrosion.
- the primer provides for an improvement of the surface texture by covering possibly existing roughness and structure of the substrate.
- a filler On the primer, especially in metal substrates, often a filler is applied, whose task is the further improvement of the surface texture and the improvement of stone chip susceptibility.
- On the filler usually one or more color and / or effect layers are applied, which are referred to as basecoat.
- a high-crosslinked clearcoat is usually applied, which provides the desired glossy appearance and protects the paint system against environmental influences.
- the basecoat is chemically crosslinked in addition to a physical drying.
- derivatives of melamine are used as cost-effective crosslinkers. However, these must be cured at temperatures well above 120 ° C together with the clearcoat.
- WO 2014/009221 and WO 2014/009220 describe polyisocyanate crosslinkers which are said to have improved diffusion into the basecoat. This is accomplished by incorporating hydrophilic groups into the crosslinkers or using certain low viscosity crosslinkers. However, the resulting improved diffusion effect is not strong enough to ensure efficient crosslinking of the basecoat at temperatures below 120 ° C.
- Another disadvantage of the low molecular weight crosslinker molecules is that they have a low functionality and / or are hydrophilically modified, as a result of which the coating layers crosslinked therewith have poor weathering or chemical resistances.
- a general way to achieve rapid crosslinking of a low-temperature curing varnish system is to increase the speed of the crosslinking reaction through the use of catalysts.
- improvements in the crosslinking rate through the use of catalysts unfortunately go hand in hand with an unacceptable deterioration in the appearance of the coating since the crosslinking reaction of the catalyzed coating system already takes place during the course and film formation phase. This provides an irregular surface of the cured lacquer layer.
- the course of the crosslinking reaction of the catalyzed coating system during the leveling and filming phase can be minimized in part by careful adjustment of the catalyst concentration.
- this object is achieved by a method for producing a multilayer coating structure, which comprises the following steps: a) providing a substrate, b) applying at least one basecoat film, wherein the basecoat film is substantially free of melamine and its derivatives; c) applying at least one clear and / or topcoat layer comprising at least one polyisocyanate, at least one NCO-reactive compound and at least one thermolatent catalyst; d) Waiting for at least 30 seconds after step c) so that a film can form; e) curing of the multilayer coating structure with heat.
- the multilayer paint structures produced by the process of the present invention using a thermolatent catalyst exhibit improved interlayer adhesion over the dibutyl tin dilaurate catalyzed systems known in the art.
- the improved interlayer adhesion appears to be based on the fact that more time is available for the diffusion of the polyisocyanate into the basecoat by the thermolatent catalysis.
- the inventive method thus allows a good crosslinking of the multilayer coating structure at low temperatures and short Ofenverweil Stammterrorism and can be advantageously used for the application of multilayer coating structures on temperature-sensitive substrates such as thermoplastics or composite materials that are not stable to deformation at elevated temperatures in an industrial manufacturing process become.
- a further advantage of the method according to the invention is that the painting process, by means of which the significantly lower temperatures used in comparison with the conventional methods, is energy-efficient and inexpensive.
- the invention furthermore relates to a multilayer paint system obtainable by the process according to the invention, to the use of the multilayer paint system for coating substrates, and to substrates which are coated with this multilayer paint system.
- multi-layer coating structures are understood to mean those coating structures which comprise at least one basecoat film and at least one clearcoat and / or topcoat film.
- Basecoat, topcoat and clearcoat can be of the same or different composition in their chemical composition.
- the basecoat film, topcoat film and clearcoat film are preferably constructed differently in their chemical composition.
- both the topcoat layer and the clearcoat layer comprise at least one NCO-reactive (isocyanate-reactive) compound.
- NCO-reactive compound is understood as meaning a compound which can react with polyisocyanates to form polyisocyanate polyaddition compounds, in particular polyurethanes.
- polyisocyanate compounds are compounds having at least two isocyanate groups per molecule.
- NCO-reactive compounds it is possible to use all compounds known to the person skilled in the art which have an average OH or NH functionality of at least 1.5. These may be, for example, low molecular weight diols (eg 1,2-ethanediol, 1,3- or 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol), triols (eg glycerol, trimethylolpropane) and tetraols (eg pentaerythritol), short-term chain polyamines but also polyhydroxy compounds such as polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyurethane polyols, polysiloxane polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyether polyamines, polybutadiene polyols, polyacrylate polyols and / or polymethacrylate polyols and their copolymers, hereinafter called polyacrylate polyols.
- diols eg 1,2-ethan
- the polyhydroxy compounds preferably have mass-average molecular weights Mw> 500 daltons, measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) against a polystyrene standard, more preferably between 800 and 100,000 daltons, in particular between 1,000 and 50,000 daltons.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the polyhydroxy compounds preferably have an OH number of 30 to 400 mg KOH / g, in particular between 100 and 300 KOH / g.
- the hydroxyl number (OH number) indicates how much mg of potassium hydroxide is equivalent to the amount of acetic acid bound by 1 g of substance in the acetylation.
- the sample is boiled in the determination with acetic anhydride-pyridine and the resulting acid is titrated with potassium hydroxide solution (DIN 53240-2).
- the glass transition temperatures, measured by means of DSC measurements according to DIN-EN-ISO 1 1357-2, of the polyhydroxy compounds are preferably between -150 and 100 ° C., more preferably between -120 ° C. and 80 ° C.
- Polyether polyols are accessible in a manner known per se by alkoxylation of suitable starter molecules with base catalysis or use of double metal cyanide compounds (DMC compounds).
- Suitable starter molecules for the preparation of polyether polyols are, for example, simple, low molecular weight polyols, water, organic polyamines having at least two N-H bonds or any mixtures of such starter molecules.
- Preferred starter molecules for the preparation of polyether polyols by alkoxylation, in particular by the DMC process are in particular simple polyols such as ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, 2-ethylhexanediol , 3, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and low molecular weight, hydroxyl-containing esters of such polyols with dicarboxylic acids of the type exemplified below or low molecular weight ethoxylation or propoxylation of such simple polyols or any mixtures of such modified or unmodified alcohols.
- Alkylene oxides which are suitable for the alkoxylation are, in particular, ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, which can be used in any order or also in a mixture in the alkoxylation.
- Polyester polyols are described, for example, in EP-A-0 994 1 17 and EP-A-1 273 640.
- Polyester polyols can be prepared in a known manner by polycondensation of low molecular weight polycarboxylic acid derivatives, such as, for example, succinic acid, adipic acid, Suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, endomethylenetetra- hydrophthalic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, dimer fatty acid, trimer acid, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, citric acid or trimellitic acid, with low molecular weight polyols, such as ethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, n
- polyester polyols such as, for example, lactic acid, cinnamic acid or ⁇ -hydroxycaproic acid can also be polycondensed to form polyester polyols.
- polyester polyols of oleochemical origin Such polyester polyols, for example, by complete ring opening of epoxidized triglycerides of an at least partially olefinically unsaturated fatty acid-containing fat mixture with one or more alcohols having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and by subsequent partial transesterification of the triglyceride derivatives to alkyl ester polyols having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in Alkyl residue can be produced.
- Polyurethane polyols are preferably prepared by reacting polyester polyol prepolymers with suitable di- or polyisocyanates and are described, for example, in EP-A-1 273 640.
- Suitable polysiloxane polyols are described, for example, in WO-A-01/09260, where the polysiloxane polyols cited therein can preferably be used in combination with other polyhydroxy compounds, in particular those having relatively high glass transition temperatures.
- vinylaromatic hydrocarbons such as vinyltoluene, alpha-methylstyrene or, in particular, styrene, amides or nitriles of acrylic or methacrylic acid, vinyl esters or vinyl ethers, and in minor amounts, in particular, acrylic and / or methacrylic acid.
- the method according to the invention generally provides for the formation of a film.
- coagulation and film formation of the clearcoat or topcoat applied to the substrate occur.
- existing solvent and / or water slowly leaves the film by evaporation.
- This process can be accelerated by supplying heat or air flow to the surface of the coating. It shrinks the film.
- the crosslinking reaction of the at least one polyisocyanate with the at least one NCO-reactive compound of the clearcoat or topcoat material begins parallel to the evaporation of the solvent.
- the heat or catalytically active paint constituents can accelerate the crosslinking reaction.
- step d) of the process according to the invention is preferably completed after 1 to 5 minutes, particularly preferably after 2 to 3 minutes.
- step d) wait for at least 30, 45, 60, 120, 180 or 300 seconds, so that a film has been able to form before curing in step e).
- Pigment paste, black consisting of: 6,20
- the clearcoat test formulations were calculated so that the polyisocyanate is in excess of 10%.
- the addition amount of the leveling agent was calculated on the solid resin content.
- the amount of catalyst was calculated as "ppm of tin based on the solid resin content of the polyisocyanate.”
- the coating compositions were prepared by mixing the binders with the additives and stirring them at room temperature. Solventnaphta light (1: 1) used. The solvent amounts were chosen so that the theoretical solids content was the same.
- the basecoat was applied to a PP plate by means of 50 ⁇ ⁇ and incubated for 20 min. dried at 80 ° C in a circulating air paint drying oven. Immediately after cooling (20 min RT), the clearcoat to be tested was then applied by spray application to the basecoat, flashed for 5 minutes at room temperature to allow film formation and then baked for 30 min at 100 ° C in a circulating air paint drying oven.
- the layer thicknesses of the basecoat and of the clearcoat are identical in all experimental setups (layer thickness basecoat: 12-14 ⁇ m, layer thickness clearcoat: about 40 ⁇ m).
- the lacquer structure was removed from the PP plate and then the base lacquer on the underside was measured by means of an FT-IR spectrometer (Tensor II with Platinum ATR unit (diamond crystal) from Bruker). Triplicate measurements were carried out.
- thermolatent catalyst allows for greater migration of isocyanate throughout the basecoat compared to DBTL, as evidenced by the larger peak area / absorbance units measured on the bottom of the basecoat.
- the clearcoat test formulations were calculated so that the polyisocyanate is equimolar crosslinked with the polyol.
- the addition amount of the leveling agent was calculated on the solid resin content.
- the amount of catalyst was calculated as "ppm of tin based on the solid resin content of the polyisocyanate.”
- the coating compositions were prepared by mixing the binders with the additives and stirring them at room temperature. Methoxypropylacetate-2 / Solventnaphta light (1: 1) used. The amounts of solvent were chosen so that the theoretical solids contents were the same.
- thermolatent catalyst thermolatent catalyst
- DBTL dibutyltindilaurate
- intensity of the NCO peak at wavenumber 2274 cm 4
- the results (relative change in the intensity of the NCO peaks in%>) are shown in the following table:
- Pigment paste, black consisting of: 5,50
- thermolatent catalyst thermolatent catalyst
- DBTL dibutyltindilaurate
- thermolatent catalyst thermolatent catalyst
- DBTL dibutyltindilaurate
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP2015195521 | 2015-11-20 | ||
PCT/EP2016/078160 WO2017085268A1 (de) | 2015-11-20 | 2016-11-18 | Mehrschichtiger lackaufbau mit thermolatentem katalysator |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3377235A1 true EP3377235A1 (de) | 2018-09-26 |
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EP16802006.3A Withdrawn EP3377235A1 (de) | 2015-11-20 | 2016-11-18 | Mehrschichtiger lackaufbau mit thermolatentem katalysator |
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EP (1) | EP3377235A1 (de) |
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2016
- 2016-11-18 EP EP16802006.3A patent/EP3377235A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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