EP3375691A1 - Système de surveillance pour une infrastructure ferroviaire - Google Patents

Système de surveillance pour une infrastructure ferroviaire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3375691A1
EP3375691A1 EP18161375.3A EP18161375A EP3375691A1 EP 3375691 A1 EP3375691 A1 EP 3375691A1 EP 18161375 A EP18161375 A EP 18161375A EP 3375691 A1 EP3375691 A1 EP 3375691A1
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Prior art keywords
radio module
data
monitoring system
acquisition
measurement data
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EP18161375.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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Pasquale Donadio
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Comesvil SpA
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Comesvil SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
    • B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
    • B61L27/53—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades for trackside elements or systems, e.g. trackside supervision of trackside control system conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
    • B61L27/70—Details of trackside communication

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the field of railway infrastructures. More particularly, the present invention relates to a monitoring system for a railway infrastructure.
  • a railway infrastructure may be provided with a system known as a "Centralized Diagnostic System” (in Italian, “Sistema di Diagnostica Centralizzato", SDC) for monitoring a number of parameters of the station and line signalling entities (signals, switching points, level crossings, track circuits, sentry stations, etc.).
  • the parameters which may be monitored are voltages and/or currents.
  • a known centralized diagnostic system typically comprises a centralized server which collects measurement data from a plurality of servers arranged inside the stations along the railway line, so as to be able to indicate the state of the various entities to an operator who is able, if necessary, to take action in the event of faults or malfunctions.
  • each of the station servers collects data from various data collection units (in Italian, "unità di raccolta dati", URD) present both in the station and along the railway line, for example inside the sentry stations (also referred to as technology centres) which are typically arranged at a few kilometres from each other.
  • the URDs are typically configured to collect measurement data (voltages and currents) acquired from the various signalling entities to be monitored.
  • connection between the URDs along the line and the server station is typically provided via a twisted-pair telephone cable by means of a data transmission unit (in Italian, "unità di invio dati", UID) present in the sentry station.
  • the connection between the servers is typically provided by means of a LAN (Local Area Network).
  • Each URD acquires data, in digital and/or analog form, from one or more diagnostic interfaces connected together and to the URD by means of a CAN (Controller Area Network) bus.
  • the station URDs typically are connected to the station server by means of a LAN port.
  • the known centralized diagnostic systems have a number of drawbacks.
  • the devices which collect the measurement data are connected to terminal blocks of the signalling entities in order to measure dc voltages, ac voltages, currents and the associated phase-displacement of the said signalling entities.
  • These terminal blocks are typically terminals strips positioned in the technology centres to which the diagnostic interfaces are linked.
  • Each terminal strip contains all the analog signals (currents and voltages) received from the signalling entities present at the technology centre.
  • the known systems are costly because it is required to connect via cable the diagnostic interfaces of a technology centre as far as the URD. Since this cabling operation is performed using at least 4 wires for each interface, via the CAN bus, and the number of signalling entities and associated diagnostic interfaces present in a technology centre is decidedly high (on average 200-300), the cost is very high.
  • each diagnostic interface is connected to a CAN bus inside the station or the sentry station, and each sentry station is connected to the station by means of a twisted-pair telephone cable. This results in high installation and maintenance costs.
  • the known systems envisage measuring and monitoring only electrical parameters such as voltages and currents.
  • electrical parameters such as voltages and currents.
  • the known systems typically have five types of diagnostic interfaces: coded current track circuit interface, automatic block reversal interface, fixed current track circuit interface, switching point interface, and non-trailability electromagnetic interface). This means that the known systems are limited to providing only some types of measurements.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a monitoring system for a railway infrastructure which solves at least one of the aforementioned problems.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a monitoring system for a railway infrastructure which (i) allows remote monitoring of said infrastructure without using cabled transmission lines; (ii) allows monitoring of a greater number of parameters than the known systems, in particular mechanical and thermal parameters in addition to the electrical parameters already mentioned; (iii) allows a reduction in the costs for design and manufacture of the integrated devices for processing the measurement data, and the costs for installation and maintenance of the communication lines, and (iv) is not invasive, i.e. does not require the modification of devices and apparatuses already installed in the railway infrastructure for standard diagnostic and control purposes.
  • a monitoring system for a railway infrastructure comprising a signalling entity to be monitored, the monitoring system comprising:
  • the acquisition radio module comprises an acquisition unit comprising at least one diagnostic interface connected to the one or more sensors for acquiring the measurement data.
  • the one or more sensors comprise a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of the signalling entity and/or a vibration sensor for measuring one or more parameters indicative of a vibration of the signalling entity.
  • the acquisition radio module comprises a processing unit connected to the acquisition unit, the processing unit comprising first and second processing sub-units connected in so-called "failover" mode so as to process the measurement data acquired by the at least one diagnostic interface.
  • the acquisition radio module comprises a short-range radio link unit configured to be connected to the gateway radio module by means of the first wireless link.
  • the first wireless link may be realized by means of the Wi-Fi technology.
  • the acquisition radio module is configured to send to the gateway radio module the measurement data by means of the so-called "message queue telemetry transport" protocol.
  • the acquisition radio module has a modular hardware structure.
  • the gateway radio module comprises a short-range radio link unit and a long-range radio link unit, the short-range radio link unit being configured to be connected to the short-range radio link unit of the acquisition radio module by means of the first wireless link, and the long-range radio link unit being configured to be connected to the remote location by means of the second wireless link.
  • the second wireless link is implemented by means of LoRa (Long Range) technology or SIGFOX technology.
  • LoRa Long Range
  • SIGFOX Tin Range
  • the gateway radio module comprises a first processing unit and a second processing unit connected in so-called "failover" mode, each of the first and second processing units being configured to aggregate the measurement data on the basis of one or more measurement types and to compare said data with pre-determined thresholds, each of the thresholds being indicative of an expected value for a respective type of measurement.
  • each of the first and second processing units is configured to implement an alarm procedure in case the measurement data exceed one of the pre-determined thresholds.
  • each of the first and second processing units is configured to compress the measurement data according to a compression algorithm of the "compressive sampling” type.
  • the monitoring system comprises a "cloud" architecture to receive the measurement data and present it, in the remote location, to an operator able to use this data to program interventions of maintenance on the railway infrastructure.
  • the "cloud" architecture comprises a database configured to store the data received from the gateway radio module.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the architecture of a monitoring system 1 for a railway infrastructure, according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • the monitoring system 1 preferably has a three-level architecture.
  • the monitoring system 1 comprises a data acquisition level 2, a network level 3 and a data presentation level 4.
  • the data acquisition level 2 preferably comprises hardware and software modules (indicated below as "acquisition radio modules") able to acquire data from station signalling entities and line signalling entities belonging to the railway infrastructure to be monitored.
  • the signalling entities typically belong to five categories: light signals, turnouts, level crossings, track circuits, sentry stations.
  • the light signals comprises dichroic mirror light signals and light signals with fan devices. These devices are known and will not be described further below.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a plurality of signalling entities 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e of the railway infrastructure to be monitored.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows five signalling entities, which for example each belong to one of the five categories of signalling entities mentioned above, i.e.: a light signal 11a, a turnout 11b, a level crossing 11c, a track circuit 11d and a sentry station 11 e.
  • the network level 3 preferably comprises a data communication network, in particular a wireless communication network, able to connect the signalling entities to the sentry stations of the railway line, the sentry stations to each other and the sentry stations to the (central) stations of the railway infrastructure.
  • the network level 3 preferably comprises hardware and software modules (indicated below as gateway radio modules) able to acquire data from the acquisition radio modules and carry out on them aggregation, filtering and compression operations.
  • the data presentation level 4 preferably comprises hardware and software modules able to implement a "cloud" architecture to receive from the network level 3 the measurement data acquired by the acquisition level 2, process it, store it in the memory and present it to operators who are able to use this data for carrying out or programming, where necessary, maintenance interventions on the railway infrastructure or for providing it to the railway network manager.
  • the data presentation level 4 preferably comprises a software infrastructure able to acquire the processed data from the gateway radio modules and provide it to the operators responsible for the railway infrastructure maintenance and monitoring operations by means of special terminals (for example, mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets) or provide said data to control centres or the data networks of the railway infrastructure manager.
  • station will indicate a service location, bounded by protection signals, where the train movement operations (precedence, diversions or intersections) are performed and the passenger and goods access the railway network.
  • train movement operations precedence, diversions or intersections
  • technology centre will indicate a service location situated along the railway line, not accessible to the public, comprising devices having functions associated with the movement of the trains and control of the signalling entities, as well as network equipment for data communication.
  • the railway infrastructure to be monitored comprises a railway line portion and is schematically shown in Figure 6 .
  • the railway line portion to be monitored is indicated by the reference number 5.
  • the line portion to be monitored may comprise a section of a few tens or hundreds of kilometres.
  • a plurality of sentry stations 6a, 6b, 6c are present along the line. Typically, the distance between one sentry station and the next one is about 2 km.
  • the line portion to be monitored may also comprise a station 7.
  • the railway infrastructure may be for example an underground railway infrastructure or a suburban railway infrastructure.
  • the acquisition level 2 preferably comprises a number of acquisition radio modules.
  • Figure 6 shows two acquisition radio modules, indicated by the reference numbers 22 and 22'.
  • the acquisition radio modules 22, 22' are preferably arranged along the railway line to be monitored and are connected to the signalling entities to be monitored via suitable ports and interfaces, as will be described in detail herein below.
  • the acquisition of the data from the signalling entities takes place inside the sentry stations 6a, 6b, 6c.
  • This data acquisition mode will be indicated below also as “indoor acquisition mode”.
  • the acquisition radio modules 22 are positioned inside the sentry stations 6a, 6b, 6c.
  • each sentry station 6a, 6b, 6c may contain one or more indoor acquisition radio modules 22.
  • each indoor acquisition radio module 22 may be connected (via connectors, cables or jacks) to a terminal block of a respective signalling entity to be monitored, present in the sentry station, for collecting electrical measurement data (voltages and currents).
  • a terminal block may comprise a terminal strip.
  • Said terminal strip may be a 12-pole terminal strip cabled according to the V410 (line) and V409 (station) schemes.
  • the indoor acquisition radio module 22 may be connected to non-invasive sensors connected directly to the cables from the signalling element, as will be described in greater detail below.
  • one or more acquisition radio modules 22' may be positioned along the railway line at respective signalling entities to be monitored, in order to collect measurement data relating to physical parameters to be measured directly on the signalling entity in question, such as voltage and currents, vibrations, temperatures, forces and pressures.
  • each outdoor acquisition radio module 22' is installed at a respective signalling entity and may be connected (by means of connectors, cables or jacks) to a terminal block (e.g. a terminal strip) of a respective signalling entity to be monitored.
  • the outdoor acquisition radio module 22' may also be connected to non-invasive sensors connected directly to the cables from the signalling element, as will be described in greater detail below.
  • each indoor or outdoor acquisition radio module is preferably connected to a respective signalling entity and is therefore associated with it.
  • Figure 2 shows a block diagram of an indoor acquisition radio module 22 according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • all the indoor acquisition radio modules have the same block diagram, which is shown in Figure 2 .
  • the indoor acquisition radio module 22 preferably comprises an acquisition unit 221 connected to a processing unit 222.
  • the processing unit 222 is connected to a viewing (or display) unit 223 and to a short-range radio link unit 224.
  • the short-range radio link unit 224 is preferably connected to an antenna 225.
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the acquisition unit 221.
  • the acquisition unit 221 preferably comprises one or more ports, each configured to house a number of diagnostic interfaces for connecting to the indoor acquisition radio module 22 a corresponding number of sensors configured to measure a given type of physical parameters associated with the signalling entities to be monitored.
  • the acquisition unit 221 preferably comprises one or more of the following ports:
  • the acquisition unit 221 may comprise a variable number of diagnostic interfaces depending on the electrical parameters to be measured for the signalling entity in question.
  • the interfaces are programmable modules which comprise the sensors configured to measure the mentioned parameters.
  • the sensors may be integrated in the corresponding interfaces or be linked or connected to them by means of suitable connectors and/or cables and/or jacks.
  • the sensors preferably comprise non-invasive "Hall effect" sensors, for example consisting of clip transformers configured to be connected to the current cable to be monitored, supplied from the signalling element.
  • the sensors preferably comprise invasive sensors such as transformers or voltage dividers which require the cabling of two wires between the terminal strip and the sensor itself.
  • diagnostic interfaces which may be present in an acquisition unit 221 will be briefly described with reference to the respective signalling entity and the measurements which they may provide.
  • the diagnostic interfaces may comprise a light signal interface with fan devices (indicated also as IF-SLV) and a dichroic-mirror light signal interface (indicated also as IF-SLD). These diagnostic interfaces preferably provide a coded ac power supply voltage measurement within the range from 0 Vac to 150 Vac.
  • the aforementioned measurements are known to the person skilled in the art and may be derived from the specification RFI TCSSTB SF IS 18 755 A "RFI-Interfacce per diagnostica IS secondo V409 e V410 con uscita digitale" [RFI interfaces for IS diagnostics according to V409 and 410 with digital output]. These measurements will therefore not be further described.
  • the diagnostic interfaces may comprise:
  • the interface IF-DEV provides the following measurements:
  • the interface IF-EL provides the following measurements:
  • the diagnostic interfaces may comprise:
  • the interface IF-PL provides the following measurements:
  • the interface IF-CBAF provides a coded ac power supply voltage measurement from 0 Vac to 150 Vac.
  • the diagnostic interfaces may comprise:
  • the interface IF-CBCF provides the following measurements:
  • the interface IF-CBCC provides the following measurements:
  • the interface IF-T provides a temperature measurement expressed in degrees Celsius within the range from 0°C to 70°C.
  • the interface IF-V provides vibration, shock, acceleration and movement measurements.
  • the factors which influence the level of vibrations produced along the rail by the passing of a train may be classified in three categories:
  • the interface IF-PV may provide measurements which are indicative of the following vibration parameters: acceleration, speed and displacement.
  • the interface IF-V may for example incorporate a triaxial acceleration piezoelectric sensor (X, Y, Z axes) with frequency response of up to 60 kHz and scale end value of 500 g.
  • the interface IF-V by means of the sensor, preferably receives at its input the vibrations along the three axes X, Y, Z and may provide at its output the components, along the three axes mentioned above, of a voltage indicative of the velocity of the vibration along the axis of the rail.
  • the vibrations along the X axis are typically due to the movement of the train, the vibrations along the Y axis are typically due to landslip or breakage of the rail, while the vibrations along the Z axis are typically due to the falling of objects (such as rocks or animals) onto the rail.
  • the diagnostic interfaces may comprise:
  • the interface IF-IBA provides the following measurements:
  • the interface IF-RTB provides a measurement of the temperature of the bushes expressed in degrees Celsius within the range 0°C to 70°C.
  • the interface IF-RL analyzes whether the so-called line relations are satisfied, namely the safety logic conditions for railway travel between two railway stations (in fact at least one sentry station is typically present between two stations), such as the following:
  • the interface IF-RL checks for the fulfilment of the aforementioned conditions and provides the following measurements:
  • the processing unit 222 is preferably configured to receive, from the acquisition unit 221, the data from the diagnostic interfaces of the signalling entities and transmit said data to the display unit 223 and to the short-range radio link unit 224.
  • the processing unit 222 preferably comprises two processing and control sub-units (not shown in the Figure). Each processing and control sub-unit preferably comprises a respective microprocessor or microcontroller. The two microprocessors are connected together in so-called "failover" mode. According to said mode, in the event of a fault or breakdown of a processing and control sub-unit, the operativity of the processing unit 222 is ensured by the presence of the second processing and control sub-unit.
  • the first processing and control sub-unit consists of two stages (not shown in the Figures).
  • the first stage is preferably configured to sample the data from the acquisition unit 221, process it, filter it and provide a stream of filtered data to the second stage of the first processing and control sub-unit.
  • the first stage is preferably configured to:
  • the first stage may moreover perform measurement data processing operations, before the calibration and filtering operations described hereinabove.
  • the first stage may execute an algorithm which compares, for each axis X, Y, Z, the measured voltage which is indicative of the vibration velocity along the respective axis with a reference voltage corresponding to a known vibration pattern. In the case where one of the measured voltages differs from the corresponding known vibration pattern, an alarm is preferably generated.
  • the outdoor acquisition radio module 22' may send the processed data (namely, data indicative of whether or not the vibration pattern corresponds to a known vibration pattern) to the gateway radio module 31 located in the sentry station 31.
  • the gateway radio module 31 stores this data and sends to the apparatuses of the data presentation level 4 an alarm message which activates a corresponding alarm notification for the monitored signalling entity (in this case the track) on a graphical user interface of the data presentation level 4.
  • This alarm notification may be a video and/or audio indication which may be used, for example, by an operator at a control centre.
  • the alarm notification may be, for example, the opening of a window or pop-up frame on the graphical interface, or a change (for example in colours) in the display of graphical elements relating to the specific signalling entity.
  • the first stage may execute an algorithm which performs reading of the line relations, namely checks that they are satisfied, outputting a voltage value indicative of the instantaneous safety condition along the considered railway line section. For example, if all the logic conditions mentioned above are satisfied, the first stage may output a voltage indicating that all the safety logic conditions have been satisfied, for example a dc voltage having the value of 5 Volts. If instead at least one of the safety logic conditions is not satisfied, the first stage may provide at its output a zero voltage value which may generate an alarm.
  • the gateway radio module 31 which collects the measurement data may store this data and send to the apparatuses of the data presentation level 4 an alarm message which activates a corresponding alarm notification for the monitored signalling entity (in this case, the sentry station) on a graphical user interface of the data presentation level 4.
  • the second stage of the first processing and control sub-unit of the processing unit 222 is preferably configured to adapt the data from the first stage in order to send it to the display unit 223.
  • this operation comprises establishing a serial connection with the display unit 223.
  • the second processing and control sub-unit of the processing unit 222 consists of two stages (not shown in the Figures).
  • the first stage is preferably configured to sample the data from the acquisition unit 221, process it, filter it and provide a stream of data, which may also be compressed, to the second stage of the second processing and control sub-unit, as already described above with reference to the first stage of the first processing and control sub-unit.
  • each of the two first stages of the processing and control sub-units operates on the measurement data in parallel.
  • each processing sub-unit may generate a respective output voltage indicating whether or not all the safety logic conditions have been satisfied. If at least one of the two output voltages has a zero value, an alarm may be generated.
  • the second stage of the second processing and control sub-unit is preferably configured to monitor the data from the first stage before sending it to the short-range radio link unit 224.
  • this operation comprises establishing a serial connection with the short-range radio link unit 224.
  • the processing unit 222 may consist of an FPGA which implements an SoC (system on chip).
  • the display unit 223 is preferably configured to display locally the data processed by the processing unit 222 and then make it available for an operator able to connect to it.
  • the display unit 223 may consist of a high resolution graphical display with 128x64 matrix.
  • the short-range radio link unit 224 is preferably a radio transceiver and is preferably configured to send wirelessly, via the antenna 225, the data processed by the processing unit 222 to another indoor acquisition radio module 22 or to a gateway radio module.
  • the short-range radio link unit 224 is also preferably configured to receive the processed data at another indoor acquisition radio module and to forward this data to a further indoor acquisition radio module or to a gateway radio module, again via the antenna 225.
  • the short-range radio link unit 224 is preferably configured to operate using a wireless communication technology, such as the Wi-Fi technology, according to one of the protocols of the IEEE 802.
  • the radio channel may be chosen for example from among the 14 channels available in Wi-Fi 802.11n technology operating at 2.4 GHz and the 23 channels available in Wi-Fi 802.11n technology operating at 5 GHz.
  • Other technologies which may be used are, for example, the Zigbee technology and the Bluetooth technology (IEEE 802.15).
  • the short-range radio link unit 224 is configured to send and receive data using preferably a messaging protocol, in particular a "light" messaging protocol, such as for instance the "Message Queue Telemetry Transport" (MQTT) protocol.
  • MQTT Message Queue Telemetry Transport
  • MQTT Mobile QTT
  • AMQP Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
  • XMPP Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
  • An outdoor acquisition radio module 22' has a block diagram which is architecturally similar to that of the indoor acquisition radio module 22 shown in Figure 2 .
  • both the indoor acquisition radio module 22 and the outdoor acquisition radio module 22' have a modular hardware structure.
  • each of these modules preferably comprises a base board (which comprises for example the processing unit 222), said base board providing a set of housings, connectors and links which is identical for all the modules.
  • the base board provides a set of ports MS-IF, TS-IF, ES-IF, identical for all the modules, for housing the diagnostic interfaces with the sensors, which may instead differ from each other depending on the type of physical parameters to be measured.
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a gateway radio module 31 according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • the gateway radio module 31 preferably comprises a short-range radio link unit 311, connected to a first antenna 312, a first processing unit 313, connected to the short-range radio link unit 311, a second processing unit 314 connected to the short-range radio link unit 311, and a long-range radio link unit 315 connected to the first processing unit 313 and to the second processing unit 314 and to a second antenna 316.
  • each gateway radio module 31 of the system according to the present invention is positioned in a respective sentry station 61, 6b, 6c.
  • the short-range radio link unit 311 is preferably a radio transceiver and is configured to receive, via the first antenna 312, the data processed in one or more acquisition radio modules 22, 22'.
  • the short-range radio link unit 311 is preferably configured to operate using a wireless communication technology, such as the Wi-Fi technology, based on one of the protocols of the IEEE 802.11 family (IEEE 802.11n or IEEE 802.11ac). Other technologies which may be used are, for example, the Zigbee technology and the Bluetooth technology (IEEE 802.15).
  • the short-range radio link unit 311 is configured to receive data using preferably a messaging protocol, in particular a "light" messaging protocol, such as the MQTT protocol. Other protocols which may be used are, for example, SMQTT, AMQP and XMPP.
  • the first processing unit 313 is preferably configured to receive data from the short-range radio link unit 311, said data coming from one or more acquisition radio modules 22, 22'.
  • the first processing unit 313 preferably comprises two stages. The first stage is preferably configured to:
  • the second stage is preferably configured to compress the data from the first stage before sending it to the long-range radio link unit 315.
  • the second stage is preferably configured to:
  • the first data processing unit 313, from the point of view of hardware, is an SoC integrated circuit implemented using an FPGA component.
  • the second processing unit 314 is preferably configured to receive data from the short-range radio link unit 311, said data coming from one or more acquisition radio modules 22, 22', and to process this data in a similar manner to that performed by the first processing unit 313. It is connected to the first processing unit 313 in so-called "failover" mode.
  • the second data processing unit 314, from the hardware point of view, is also an SoC integrated circuit implemented using an FPGA component.
  • each gateway radio module 31 present along the railway line portion to be monitored collects measurement data from a respective type of signalling entities present along the line.
  • a first gateway radio module may collect measurement data from the turnouts present along the line section, by connecting to the acquisition radio modules which acquire said data;
  • a second gateway radio module may collect measurement data from the level crossings present along the line section, by connecting to the acquisition radio modules which acquire such data; and so on.
  • the aforementioned data compression mechanism implemented by the second stage of the first processing unit 313 of the gateway radio module 31 comprises preferably three data processing procedures:
  • the aggregation procedure comprises aggregating the data received depending on the type of measurement which generated said data.
  • This operation comprises, at each gateway radio module 31, reading the measurement data collected by the acquisition radio modules for the considered signalling entity and grouping together this measurement data according to the type of measurement (e.g. for the "turnout” type signalling entity, bipolar dc power supply voltage measurements, absorption current measurements, etc.; for the "track circuit” type signalling entity, disk relay local power supply voltage measurements, coded ac power supply voltage measurements, absorption current measurements, temperature measurements, etc.) so as to have one or more vectors with homogeneous values corresponding to the values of the parameters measured for the considered signalling entities, all of the same type.
  • the type of measurement e.g. for the "turnout” type signalling entity, bipolar dc power supply voltage measurements, absorption current measurements, etc.; for the "track circuit” type signalling entity, disk relay local power supply voltage measurements, coded ac power supply voltage measurements, absorption current measurements, temperature measurements, etc
  • a first vector may group together measured voltage values of the various signalling entities of a certain type (for example the unipolar dc power supply voltages of the turnouts), a second vector may group together measured current values of the various signalling entities of the same type (for example, the absorption currents of the turnouts), a third vector may group together values of another parameter to be measured of the various signalling entities of the same type (for example, the bipolar dc power supply voltages of the relay KD-KD), and so on.
  • a certain type for example the unipolar dc power supply voltages of the turnouts
  • a second vector may group together measured current values of the various signalling entities of the same type (for example, the absorption currents of the turnouts)
  • a third vector may group together values of another parameter to be measured of the various signalling entities of the same type (for example, the bipolar dc power supply voltages of the relay KD-KD), and so on.
  • the values of each vector are preferably compared one by one with a predetermined threshold value stored in the second stage of the first processing unit 313 of the gateway radio module 31.
  • the predetermined threshold value for a given measurement is preferably an expected value for that measurement determined on the basis of activation tests carried out on the considered signalling entity by specialized operators.
  • a predetermined threshold value for the coded ac power supply voltage may be equal to 150 Vac +- 6%.
  • the second stage of the first processing unit 313 of the gateway radio module 31 therefore preferably compares, for each measurement data aggregation vector, each value of this vector with the respective threshold value. If a value of the considered vector exceeds the threshold value, the second stage of the first processing unit 313 of the gateway radio module 31 preferably implements an alarm procedure for the signalling entity, the measurement value of which is not within the threshold.
  • the alarm procedure may consist in sending an alarm message to the apparatuses of the data presentation level 4, which activates a corresponding alarm notification for the signalling entity monitored on a graphical user interface of the data presentation level 4, as already described above. This alarm procedure may result in preventive maintenance of the signalling entity, because, based on the alarm, action may be taken on the signalling entity before it breaks down.
  • the second stage of the first processing unit 313 of the gateway radio module 31 compares the ac voltage signal present at the terminals of the green lamp with the predetermined threshold value (150 Vac +- 6%). If this value lies between 141 Vac and 159 Vac then the system is functioning correctly and alarms are not generated. In the case where a voltage less than 141 Vac or greater than 159 Vac is detected, then an alarm is generated.
  • the predetermined threshold value 150 Vac +- 6%
  • the filtering procedure implemented at the second stage of the first processing unit 313 of the gateway radio module 31 preferably comprises the following steps:
  • the procedure of compression of the filtered data preferably comprises applying a "compressive sampling” (CS) algorithm.
  • CS compressive sampling
  • Such an algorithm may be the known algorithm described in E. Candès and Micheal B.Wakin, "An Introduction To Compressive Sampling" IEEE. Signal Processing Magazine March 2008 ; Bajwa,W. U., Haupt, J., Sayeed, A. M., Nowak, R., Compressive wireless sensing. In Proc. 5th Intl. Conf. on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN '06), Nashville, TN 2006, 134-142 .
  • the inventor has noted that the use of the compressive sampling technique results in the possibility of obtaining compression ratios of up to 70%.
  • the long-range radio link unit 315 is preferably a radio transceiver and is configured to transmit, via the second antenna 316, the data processed in the gateway radio module 31, in particular the stream of data supplied by the first processing unit 313 and by the second processing unit 314 (therefore, a stream of compressed data) to another gateway radio module or to a station of the railway line. This data may also be sent directly from the long-range radio link unit 315 of the gateway radio module 31 to the apparatuses of the cloud computing infrastructure which implements the data presentation level 4.
  • the long-range radio link unit 315 is preferably configured to operate by means of a wireless communication technology, such as the LoRa technology, using a frequency channel for example at about 433 MHz, about 868 MHz or about 915 MHz.
  • the long-range radio link unit 315 may operate using the SIGFOX wireless communication technology, using a frequency channel for example at about 868 MHz or about 902 MHz.
  • the short-range radio link unit 311 is configured to receive data using a messaging protocol, in particular a "light" messaging protocol, such as the MQTT protocol.
  • Figure 5 schematically shows the software architecture of the data presentation level 4 of the monitoring system according to embodiments of the present invention.
  • the software architecture of the data presentation level 4 comprises a web server 41 configured to publish in HTTP format the data from the gateway radio modules 31.
  • the software architecture of the data presentation level 4 preferably comprises a first module 42 of the "scripting engine” type configured to decompress the data supplied by the gateway radio modules 31 present along the railway infrastructure to be monitored, applying the reverse procedure of the compression procedure performed in the said gateway radio modules 31, as described here above.
  • the software architecture of the data presentation level 4 preferably also comprises a database 43 configured to store the data received from the gateway radio modules 31.
  • the software architecture of the data presentation level 4 preferably also comprises a plurality (five, in the embodiment shown in Figure 5 , indicated schematically by the reference numbers 44a, 44b, 44c, 44d, 44e) of interface plug-ins, each of which comprises a software component able to manage data from the diagnostic interfaces relating to a respective type of signalling element.
  • the data presentation level 4 preferably comprises:
  • the software architecture of the data presentation level 4 comprises a graphical user interface 45 (GUI) comprising a second module of the "scripting engine” type configured to make available the data for display by a user (for example, a maintenance operator), in a manner which may be easily used by the user.
  • GUI graphical user interface 45
  • the user may interrogate the database 43 in order to recover data relating to the monitoring of the various considered signalling entities.
  • the GUI may display the alarm notifications for the various monitored signalling entities.
  • the software architecture of the presentation level 4 of the system according to the present invention is preferably implemented in a cloud computing infrastructure which is accessible, on the one hand, by the stations of the railway infrastructure, in order to transmit and, where necessary, recover the data collected by the acquisition level 2 of the system and, on the other hand, by the maintenance operators (via mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets, or via control rooms) and by the railway network manager.
  • This architecture comprises the hardware resources and apparatuses (for example, multiprocessor machines, mass memories, etc.) which house the software modules described hereinabove and provide the required processing, transmission and archiving resources.
  • Figure 6 shows a railway line section 5 being monitored by the monitoring system 1 according to the present invention.
  • the Figure also shows three sentry stations 6a, 6b, 6c, which are located along the railway line and are typically arranged at a distance of about 2 km from each other, and a station 7.
  • the sentry stations 6a, 6b, 6c and the station 7 are connected wirelessly together.
  • the wireless link is realized, for example, by means of the LoRa technology and the data is exchanged via MQTT protocol, as described above.
  • the sentry station 6a comprises an indoor acquisition radio module 22 connected to a signalling element, for example a turnout 11b, via, for example, the 12-pole terminal strip present in the sentry station 6a.
  • the indoor acquisition radio module 22 is also connected to the gateway radio module 31 by means of WiFi technology and both the modules 22 and 31 are configured to exchange data by means of the MQTT protocol.
  • the system according to the embodiment shown in Figure 6 comprises an outdoor acquisition radio module 22' positioned on the tracks along the railway line and connected to a signalling entity, for example a track circuit 11d.
  • the outdoor acquisition radio module 22' is for example also connected to the gateway radio module 31 and both the modules 22' and 31 are configured to exchange data by means of the MQTT protocol.
  • the indoor acquisition radio module 22 collects the measurement data via one or more diagnostic interfaces of the turnout, namely the interface IF-DEV and the interface IF-EL.
  • the measurements collected are those indicated previously.
  • the measurement data is transferred from the short-range radio link unit of the indoor acquisition module 22 to the short-range radio link unit of the gateway radio module 31.
  • the gateway radio module 31 processes the received data as described above, in particular applies the aggregation, filtering and compression procedures described above, and sends the processed data to a further gateway radio module or to the station 7, via the associated long-range radio link unit.
  • the data collected at the station or at a gateway radio module is finally sent to the cloud computing infrastructure of the data presentation level 4 of the present system.
  • This infrastructure decompresses the data and stores it in the database so that the decompressed data is available to the operators responsible for maintenance of the railway infrastructure (the data being displayed, for example, on a tablet 8 or in the control room 9, following connection to the database) as well as to the railway network manager via, for example, a proprietary data network 10 connected to the database by means of ADSL.
  • the second outdoor acquisition radio module 22' collects the measurement data via the interface IF-V directly at the signalling element. The measurements collected are sent to the gateway radio module 31 and then to the cloud computing infrastructure in the same manner described above.
  • the system according to the present invention is particularly efficient and advantageous from a cost point of view. It in fact allows the use of a plurality of low-cost integrated devices (FPGA microcontrollers, DSP processors) which process the measurement data of the signalling entities, acquired continuously along the railway line, and send said data wirelessly to a cloud computing infrastructure by means of which it is made available to a plurality of users.
  • FPGA microcontrollers, DSP processors low-cost integrated devices
  • DSP processors digital signalling entities
  • the processing performed at the acquisition level and the network level of the system advantageously allows the data to be compressed so as to transmit a small number of digital samples, which allows using low-cost integrated devices with limited hardware (for example memory) resources.
  • the wireless transmission of the data may therefore be performed by means of low frequency and low capacity radio devices.
  • the system is not invasive since it involves the introduction in the sentry station of modules which operate entirely independently of the standard equipment and communicate wirelessly inside the sentry station and externally, without interfering with the conventional existing cable communications.
  • the use of low energy wireless communication technologies such as the LoRa technology results in a longer working life of the used batteries, especially in the outdoor radio modules which cannot be powered by the mains voltage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
EP18161375.3A 2017-03-14 2018-03-13 Système de surveillance pour une infrastructure ferroviaire Withdrawn EP3375691A1 (fr)

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CN109451464A (zh) * 2018-11-28 2019-03-08 卡斯柯信号有限公司 一种基于LoRA通信的有轨电车车地通信系统
CN109752456A (zh) * 2019-01-28 2019-05-14 电子科技大学 一种智能无源铁轨监测感知前端
EP3885234A1 (fr) * 2020-03-27 2021-09-29 Siemens Mobility GmbH Couvercle pour montage sur une machine de point et procédé pour fournir une surveillance d'une machine de point
CN114228785A (zh) * 2021-12-22 2022-03-25 卡斯柯信号有限公司 一种基于铁路信号系统监测数据的智能浏览装置
WO2024010764A1 (fr) * 2022-07-04 2024-01-11 Morgen Technology Inc. Tunnellisation de données de capteurs à courte portée par l'intermédiaire d'une technologie sans fil à longue portée

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109451464A (zh) * 2018-11-28 2019-03-08 卡斯柯信号有限公司 一种基于LoRA通信的有轨电车车地通信系统
CN109752456A (zh) * 2019-01-28 2019-05-14 电子科技大学 一种智能无源铁轨监测感知前端
EP3885234A1 (fr) * 2020-03-27 2021-09-29 Siemens Mobility GmbH Couvercle pour montage sur une machine de point et procédé pour fournir une surveillance d'une machine de point
CN114228785A (zh) * 2021-12-22 2022-03-25 卡斯柯信号有限公司 一种基于铁路信号系统监测数据的智能浏览装置
WO2023116246A1 (fr) * 2021-12-22 2023-06-29 卡斯柯信号有限公司 Dispositif de navigation intelligent basé sur des données de surveillance de système de signal ferroviaire
CN114228785B (zh) * 2021-12-22 2024-05-31 卡斯柯信号有限公司 一种基于铁路信号系统监测数据的智能浏览装置
WO2024010764A1 (fr) * 2022-07-04 2024-01-11 Morgen Technology Inc. Tunnellisation de données de capteurs à courte portée par l'intermédiaire d'une technologie sans fil à longue portée

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