EP3364440A1 - Système d'alimentation à base d'un iot - Google Patents

Système d'alimentation à base d'un iot Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3364440A1
EP3364440A1 EP17156494.1A EP17156494A EP3364440A1 EP 3364440 A1 EP3364440 A1 EP 3364440A1 EP 17156494 A EP17156494 A EP 17156494A EP 3364440 A1 EP3364440 A1 EP 3364440A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cathode
power supply
grid
supply
anode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17156494.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Francisco CABALEIRO MAGALLANES
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ADAM SA
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ADAM SA
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Publication date
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Priority to EP17156494.1A priority Critical patent/EP3364440A1/fr
Publication of EP3364440A1 publication Critical patent/EP3364440A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/02—Circuits or systems for supplying or feeding radio-frequency energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/34—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/02—Circuits or systems for supplying or feeding radio-frequency energy
    • H05H2007/022—Pulsed systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/02—Circuits or systems for supplying or feeding radio-frequency energy
    • H05H2007/025—Radiofrequency systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to RF powering systems for particle accelerators.
  • RF powering systems are used to generate radio frequency (RF) power to feed accelerating structures.
  • RF radio frequency
  • a particular concern is related to powering of radio frequency quadrupoles (RFQ).
  • RF tubes In order to produce RF power (>1kW) there are currently two options: RF tubes and solid state amplifiers.
  • the tubes that could be used are klystrons and IOTs (Inductive Output tubes, also known as klystrodes due to their nature in between a klystron and a triode). It is difficult to find klystrons available in the market for certain frequencies. This means that it would require the custom design of a new klystron, which would be by all means extremely expensive.
  • Available solutions alternative to klystrons are IOTs and solid state amplifiers. Right now solid state technology is still too expensive and bulky for pulsed applications. Current equivalent solution using IOT is more cost-effective and compact.
  • IOT tubes are mostly used in TV broadcasting and industrial heating applications. They are also used in accelerators to produce RF power, but it represents an extremely low percentage in comparison.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic layout of a conventional IOT based powering system.
  • An inductive output tube (IOT) is designated with 10.
  • the IOT 10 includes a thermionic cathode 11 and an anode 13 spaced therefrom.
  • the anode 13 and cathode 11 are operable at a negative high voltage between, for example -40 kV, to form and accelerate an electron beam.
  • the IOT 10 further comprises a grid 15 arranged between the cathode 11 and anode 13 and accepting a high frequency control signal to density modulate the electron beam. This control signal is supplied by a control unit (not shown) through a RF input 17 of the IOT 10.
  • the kinetic energy of the electron beam is transformed to electromagnetic energy and supplied to a user system, such as an accelerator component, through a RF output 19 of the IOT 10.
  • a user system such as an accelerator component
  • the IOT 10 may also comprise an ion pump 21 for monitoring residual gases within the tube.
  • the powering system is connected to the AC utility grid, and comprises a tube power supply 30 for supplying a high voltage, for example 40 kV, between the anode 13 and cathode 11.
  • the tube power supply 30 is configured to convert the AC supply from the AC supply grid into a high voltage DC supply.
  • the tube power supply 30 comprises a cathode line 31 and an anode line 33 connected to the cathode 11 and anode 13, respectively.
  • the anode 13 is connected to ground, at 34.
  • An optional ground resistance is designated with 35 to monitor the body current. Such ground resistance is of few ohm.
  • the powering system further comprises a grid power supply 40 for supplying a bias voltage, for example a voltage comprised between -150V and -50V, between the grid 15 and cathode 11.
  • the grid power supply 40 is configured to convert the AC supply from the AC supply grid into a DC supply for the grid 15.
  • the grid power supply 40 comprises a grid line 45 and a cathode line 41 connected to the grid 15 and cathode 11, respectively.
  • the grid power supply 40 is connected to the AC supply grid through an isolation transformer 47.
  • the powering system further comprises a filament power supply 50 for supplying current, for example a current of 25A at 13V, to heat the cathode 11.
  • the filament power supply 50 comprises a circuit 51 connected to the cathode 11, through which current is supplied to the cathode 11 in order to heat the cathode 11 and cause electrons to be emitted therefrom by thermionic effect.
  • the filament power supply 50 is connected to the AC supply grid through the isolation transformer 47.
  • the powering system further comprises a ion pump power supply 60 for supplying a voltage, for example a voltage of 3.5 kV, between the ion pump 21 and the cathode 11, the ion pump power supply 60 comprises a ion pump line 63 and a cathode line 61 connected to the ion pump 21 and cathode 11, respectively.
  • the ion pump power supply 60 is connected to the AC supply grid through the isolation transformer.
  • a high voltage deck 70 contains the grid power supply 40, isolation transformer 47, filament power supply 50 and ion pump power supply 60.
  • an IOT based powering system is disclosed in M. Marks et al, "CPI's 1.3 GHz, 90 kW Pulsed IOT Amplifier", Proceedings of IPAC'10, Kyoto, Japan, p. 4011-4013 (http://www.cpii.com/docs/related/30/thpeb061proceedings%20.pdf ).
  • the grid voltage is pulsed between two voltage levels to reduce the power dissipated in the collector.
  • the RF power is only required during short periods of time and at a certain repetition rate, where the repetition rate is defined by the design of the linear particle accelerator and possibly also by the needs of the application requiring the accelerated particle output.
  • a problem of the invention is to develop a RF powering system architecture for particle accelerators which is relatively inexpensive and compact.
  • the invention proposes a system for powering an accelerating structure, comprising
  • the electronics and the power supplies are not floating on an approximately - 40kV potential, but instead referenced to ground. This reduces the complexity of the system, avoids the need for a high voltage cage/deck, and allows the use of inexpensive standard off-the-shelf power supplies, etc.
  • the system further comprises an ion pump for monitoring gas within the inductive output tube, and an ion pump power supply for supplying a voltage between said ion pump and cathode, said ion pump power supply comprising an ion pump line and a cathode line connected to the ion pump and cathode, respectively.
  • the tube power supply is configured to supply said high voltage in a pulsed manner.
  • said tube power supply may comprise AC to DC converting means for converting an AC supply to a DC supply, and pulse forming means for generating a pulse from the DC supply.
  • said AC to DC converting means are configured to supply the pulse forming means with a voltage lower than said high voltage, and wherein said pulse forming means are configured to generate a high voltage pulse from the lower voltage supply.
  • said AC to DC converting means are configured to supply the pulse forming means with a voltage lower than said high voltage, and wherein said tube power supply further comprises step-up transforming means for transforming a lower voltage pulse generated by the pulse forming means into a high voltage pulse.
  • step-up pulsed transformer reduces the size of the system, minimizing the risks of arcing, making possible to stop in case of overvoltage or overcurrent in less than 1 ⁇ s, etc.
  • the grid power supply is configured to supply said bias voltage in a pulsed manner.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic layout of an IOT based powering system according to the invention. Elements corresponding to those of Figure 1 have been designated with the same reference numbers.
  • IOT inductive output tube
  • the IOT 10 includes a thermionic cathode 11 and an anode 13 spaced therefrom.
  • the anode 13 and cathode 11 are operable at a high voltage therebetween, for example 40 kV, to form and accelerate an electron beam.
  • the IOT 10 further comprises a grid 15 arranged between the cathode 11 and anode 13 and accepting a high frequency control signal to density modulate the electron beam.
  • This control signal is supplied by a control unit (not shown) through a RF input 17 of the IOT 10.
  • the kinetic energy of the electron beam is transformed into electromagnetic energy and supplied to a user system, such as an accelerator component, through a RF output 19 of the IOT 10.
  • the accelerator component is, in particular, a RFQ, but - depending on the application - could be another kind of accelerating structure, such as for example a Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac (SCDTL) or Coupled Cavity Linac (CCL).
  • SCDTL Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac
  • CCL Coupled Cavity Linac
  • the IOT 10 may also comprise an ion pump 21 for monitoring residual gases within the tube.
  • the powering system is connected to the AC utility grid, and comprises a tube power supply 30 for supplying a positive high voltage, for example 40 kV, between the anode 13 and cathode 11.
  • the tube power supply 30 is configured to convert the AC supply from the AC supply grid into a high voltage DC supply.
  • the tube power supply 30 comprises a cathode line 31 and an anode line 33 connected to the cathode 11 and anode 13, respectively.
  • the cathode 11 is connected to ground, at 34'.
  • An optional ground resistance to monitor the tube body current is designated with 35'. Such ground resistance is of few ohm. Referencing the IOT cathode to ground potential allows to have a ground reference for the filament, ion pump and grid power supplies; this avoids the need to have a high voltage cage/deck and/or using expensive power supplies with high voltage isolation ratings.
  • the tube power supply 30 comprises a low voltage capacitor charger (for example ⁇ 1kV), which is used to charge an intermediate energy storage capacitor 30a that is connected to a step-up pulse transformer 30b to produce a voltage pulse between the IOT anode 11 and cathode 13.
  • a low voltage capacitor charger for example ⁇ 1kV
  • This connection or pulse shaping is performed in a pulse forming system module 30c, consisting for instance in semiconductor power electronics switches.
  • the pulse repetition rate is defined by the design of the linear particle accelerator and possibly also by the needs of the application requiring the accelerated particle output.
  • the pulse transformer 30b is connected to a demagnetizing system 30d (such as a demagnetization circuit or bias power supply) to demagnetize the pulse transformer between pulses.
  • a demagnetizing system 30d such as a demagnetization circuit or bias power supply
  • the high voltage pulse can be achieved in different ways: multilevel topologies, resonant converters, Marx generators, etc. All these topologies could generate high voltage pulses, however in this case the utilization of a step-up pulse transformer is the most convenient, due to its reduced size and corresponding cost advantage. Use of a step-up pulse transformer allows for the creation an overall smaller system.
  • the powering system further comprises a grid power supply 40 for supplying a bias voltage, for example a voltage comprised between -150V and -50V, between the grid 15 and cathode 11.
  • the grid power supply 40 is configured to convert the AC supply from the AC supply grid into a DC supply for the grid 15.
  • the grid power supply 40 comprises a grid line 45 and a cathode line 41 connected to the grid 15 and cathode 11, respectively.
  • the grid power supply 40 is connected to the AC supply grid without any isolation transformer.
  • the powering system further comprises a filament power supply 50 for supplying current, for example a current of 25A at 13V, to heat the cathode 11.
  • the filament power supply 50 comprises a circuit 51 connected to the cathode 11, through which current is supplied to the cathode 11 in order to heat the cathode 11 and cause electrons to be emitted therefrom by thermionic effect.
  • the filament power supply 50 is connected to the AC supply grid without any isolation transformer.
  • the powering system further comprises a ion pump power supply 60 for supplying a voltage, for example a voltage of 3.5 kV, between the ion pump 21 and the cathode 11, the ion pump power supply 60 comprises a ion pump line 63 and a cathode line 61 connected to the ion pump 21 and cathode 11, respectively.
  • the ion pump power supply 60 is connected to the AC supply grid without any isolation transformer.
  • the above described solution is relatively inexpensive, compact, and it does not require a high voltage deck, as all the electronics and power supplies are referenced to a common ground and no high-voltage is present in the vicinity. According to a further embodiment, it can be applied to a continuous, i.e. not-pulsed, RF power supply, by omitting the pulse forming system.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment wherein the grid voltage can also be pulsed. Elements corresponding to those of Figure 2 have been designated with the same reference numbers, and will not be further disclosed.
  • the grid line 45 of the grid power supply 40 is connected to a pulse transformer 40a, pulse forming system 40b and low voltage capacitor charger 40c in order to transform a continuous bias voltage supply provided by the grid power supply 40 into a pulsed bias voltage supply for the grid 15.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
EP17156494.1A 2017-02-16 2017-02-16 Système d'alimentation à base d'un iot Withdrawn EP3364440A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17156494.1A EP3364440A1 (fr) 2017-02-16 2017-02-16 Système d'alimentation à base d'un iot

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17156494.1A EP3364440A1 (fr) 2017-02-16 2017-02-16 Système d'alimentation à base d'un iot

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EP3364440A1 true EP3364440A1 (fr) 2018-08-22

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115692138A (zh) * 2023-01-03 2023-02-03 华中科技大学 一种用于太赫兹回旋管调频的阴极高压电源

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2452318A (en) * 1944-03-27 1948-10-26 Rca Corp Electron discharge device utilizing cavity resonators
DE2362202A1 (de) * 1973-12-14 1975-06-26 Philips Patentverwaltung Kollektor fuer laufzeitroehren
US5418427A (en) * 1992-05-28 1995-05-23 Litton Systems, Inc. Internally cooled forward wave crossed field amplifier anode vane
US6300715B1 (en) * 1999-02-16 2001-10-09 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Very high power radiofrequency generator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2452318A (en) * 1944-03-27 1948-10-26 Rca Corp Electron discharge device utilizing cavity resonators
DE2362202A1 (de) * 1973-12-14 1975-06-26 Philips Patentverwaltung Kollektor fuer laufzeitroehren
US5418427A (en) * 1992-05-28 1995-05-23 Litton Systems, Inc. Internally cooled forward wave crossed field amplifier anode vane
US6300715B1 (en) * 1999-02-16 2001-10-09 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Very high power radiofrequency generator

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ALLRED D A ET AL: "Space power experiments aboard rockets", PULSED POWER CONFERENCE, 1991. DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS. EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL, IEEE, 16 June 1991 (1991-06-16), pages 249 - 254, XP032151230, ISBN: 978-0-7803-0177-1, DOI: 10.1109/PPC.1991.733279 *
M MARKS ET AL: "CPI'S 1.3 GHz, 90 kW PULSED IOT AMPLIFIER*", 20 May 2010 (2010-05-20), XP055398943, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.cpii.com/docs/related/30/thpeb061proceedings .pdf> [retrieved on 20170816] *
M. MARKS ET AL.: "CPI's 1.3 GHz, 90 kW Pulsed IOT Amplifier", PROCEEDINGS OF IPAC'10, KYOTO, JAPAN, pages 4011 - 4013, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.cpii.com/docs/related/30/thpeb061proceedings%20.pdf>

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115692138A (zh) * 2023-01-03 2023-02-03 华中科技大学 一种用于太赫兹回旋管调频的阴极高压电源
CN115692138B (zh) * 2023-01-03 2023-04-07 华中科技大学 一种用于太赫兹回旋管调频的阴极高压电源

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