EP3364011B1 - Piston engine having a torque measurement system, vehicle provided with said engine, and method used by said engine - Google Patents

Piston engine having a torque measurement system, vehicle provided with said engine, and method used by said engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3364011B1
EP3364011B1 EP17206109.5A EP17206109A EP3364011B1 EP 3364011 B1 EP3364011 B1 EP 3364011B1 EP 17206109 A EP17206109 A EP 17206109A EP 3364011 B1 EP3364011 B1 EP 3364011B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
piston engine
torque
sensor
computer
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EP17206109.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3364011A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Mercier
Jean-Pierre Boudy
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Airbus Helicopters SAS
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Airbus Helicopters SAS
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Priority to PL17206109T priority Critical patent/PL3364011T3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/08—Safety, indicating or supervising devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a piston engine provided with a torque measuring system, a vehicle having such a motor, and a method used by the engine.
  • the vehicle can be an aircraft.
  • An aircraft may comprise a rotor that participates at least partially in the propulsion and / or lift of this aircraft.
  • a rotor can be rotated by a power plant.
  • a power plant may include at least one motor driving a rotor directly or via a power transmission chain. For example, at least one motor sets a power transmission in motion, this power transmission gearbox rotating at least one rotor.
  • An engine can take the form of a turbine engine or a piston engine.
  • the document FR 2 960 518 presents a power plant equipped with a piston engine that sets in motion a power transmission.
  • an engine can be controlled by an electronic control system, for example of the type known under the term "Engine Electronic Control Unit” and acronyms EECU or ECU.
  • the electronic control system can drive a fuel injection system supplying the engine with fuel according to servo control instructions. These servo control instructions are in particular established to prevent the operating limits of the rotor or the motor are exceeded, and for example to prevent torque limits of the power transmission box are exceeded.
  • a power plant may include means for evaluating the torque developed by the engine.
  • the value of the developed torque can be measured by the balancing of the axial reaction force of obliquely sized transmission gears.
  • the developed torque can be determined by measuring a torsion angle of a power shaft.
  • the document FR 2 931 552 describes a torque measuring device transmitted by a power shaft of a turbine engine.
  • This torque measuring device comprises a hollow reference shaft.
  • the reference shaft extends longitudinally from a first end zone secured to a first section of the power shaft to a second end zone arranged in line with a second section of the power shaft.
  • the second end zone and the second section form phonic wheels arranged in the same plane.
  • the document FR 2972 256 has a torque meter of this type.
  • the developed torque can be estimated by the electronic engine control system in function of the instantaneous orders given to the engine injection system.
  • a manufacturer can calibrate the torque developed by the engine according to the instantaneous set-point characteristics given to the injection system.
  • This estimated torque value associated with the possible measurement of the speed of rotation coming from instantaneous rotation sensors, makes it possible to calculate the instantaneous power developed by the motor for a display of this power intended for a pilot.
  • Such a motor is then subject to a torque measurement that can be described as "indirect” since the value of the developed torque is deduced from very different parameters and not measured. The value of the estimated torque may then be inaccurate.
  • a malfunction of the electronic control system may further lead to an erroneous estimate, and therefore to a display of erroneous values not detected by the pilot.
  • This architecture also makes it impossible to carry out additional measurements to help the pilot to establish a diagnosis of abnormal situations, such as the display of a bad value of the torque or the associated power.
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide a piston engine provided with a measuring system for directly measuring the torque developed by the piston engine.
  • a piston engine is thus provided with a torque measuring system.
  • This piston engine comprises at least one row of pistons, the pistons being connected to a crankshaft.
  • the piston engine comprises a torsion shaft, the torsion shaft extending longitudinally along an axis of rotation at least from a first section to a second section, a rotation of the crankshaft driving directly or indirectly a rotation of the torsion shaft around the axis of rotation.
  • torsion shaft designates a shaft having a torsional stiffness allowing its torsional deformation when the torsion shaft is rotated.
  • the torsion shaft is not infinitely rigid in torsion.
  • the torsion shaft may be an engine output power shaft undergoing engine torque, or may be an intermediate shaft.
  • the torsion shaft extending longitudinally along an axis of rotation at least from a first section to a second section means that the torsion shaft may comprise at least one section without coding wheels, of the type for example of an intermediate section disposed between the first section and the second section. Possibly but not necessarily, the first section and the second section may be sections defining one end of the torsion shaft.
  • first coding wheel disposed in the first section means that the first coding wheel is arranged at the first section.
  • the first coding wheel may represent a part of the first section or be attached to this first section.
  • second coding wheel disposed in the second section means that the second coding wheel is arranged at the second section.
  • the second coding wheel may represent a part of the second section or be attached to this second section.
  • the expression "directed on” means that the sensor concerned is aimed at the associated coding wheel to emit a signal relating to the movement of this coding wheel.
  • Such a sensor may be a passive sensor cooperating with a gear wheel, or an active sensor Hall effect cooperating with an encoder wheel.
  • Each sensor can be housed in a crankcase of the piston engine.
  • Each sensor then emits a signal that varies as a function of the rotational speed of the coding wheel examined and the characteristics of the coding wheel itself. Indeed, the sensor produces an alternating and sinusoidal electrical voltage whose amplitude varies as a function of the rotation speed of the coding wheel examined, the size of a gap separating the sensor from the coding wheel, the shape of teeth the encoder wheel if necessary and the materials used.
  • the signal frequency is the image of the speed of rotation of the encoder wheel.
  • the piston engine is provided with a torsion shaft long enough to deform in torsion naturally in operation.
  • at least two sensors are associated with two coding wheels arranged at two different sections of the torsion shaft, and favorably at two end sections of the torsion shaft.
  • Each sensor transmits a signal whose shape may depend on the speed of rotation of the associated coding wheel.
  • the first signal and the second signal emitted by the first sensor and the second sensor of a pair of sensors have a predetermined reference phase shift, for example zero.
  • the first signal and the second signal are synchronous, in phase, when the torsion shaft transmits no torque.
  • the computer deduces the presence of a zero torque.
  • the torque transmitted by the torsion shaft tends to elastically twist this working shaft.
  • the first signal and the second signal emitted by the first sensor and the second sensor of a pair of sensors are then out of phase with a phase difference different from the reference phase shift.
  • the phase difference between the first signal and the second signal is determined by a computer, for example by conventional signal processing techniques.
  • This phase shift is the image of the transmitted torque.
  • a law can be established during tests and / or calibration simulations to obtain the torque from the measured phase shift. From then on, the calculator can determine this couple. The determined torque is then transmitted to a display or to aircraft instruments such as a digital display screen.
  • the computer can thus obtain a direct and instantaneous measurement of the torque, with the required accuracy.
  • the piston engine may have one or more of the following features.
  • At least one of the first sensor and the second sensor may be a non-contact sensor.
  • At least one of the first sensor and the second sensor may be an inductive sensor.
  • the torque measuring system can tend to detect a slight offset between the first coding wheel and the second coding wheel, for example less than 0.5 degree of angle, the phase shift at full power being able to be of the order of 10 degrees of angle for example.
  • said torsion shaft has an angular offset of between 8 and 12 degrees between the first section and the second section when the piston engine develops maximum power.
  • maximum power refers to the highest power that the engine can develop.
  • the torque measurement system can tend to operate in a medium undergoing significant temperature variations.
  • the engine temperature varies substantially for example between a cold start and a hot weather operation.
  • An inductive sensor can tend to allow the determination of the transmitted torque under these extreme conditions.
  • An inductive sensor also ensures non-contact and therefore no wear-free measurement of the coding wheels.
  • Such an inductive sensor may comprise in the usual manner a housing housing a permanent magnet and a coil connected to an electric target.
  • the permanent magnet is in contact with a polar rod which is directed towards the coding wheel and separated from this coding wheel by an air gap.
  • the polar rod drives the magnetic field generated by the magnet to the encoder wheel that modulates the magnetic field when it is rotating.
  • the encoder wheel has a succession of teeth and recesses. Each tooth is protruding radially from an adjacent hollow. A tooth located in front of the sensor strengthens the magnetic field while a hollow weakens this magnetic field. When passing from one tooth to a hollow and vice versa, variations in the magnetic field occur, and induce an alternating and sinusoidal voltage in the coil. The sensor then emits a sinusoidal voltage signal whose shape varies according to the speed of rotation of the encoder wheel.
  • the computer may include a filter for filtering a noise of the first signal and the second signal.
  • a conventional filter may tend to minimize measurement noise.
  • Such a filter can take the form of a low-pass or high-pass filter, a code segment, a portion of an electronic card, etc.
  • the piston engine may comprise a fluid lubrication system
  • the torque measuring system may comprise at least one temperature sensor measuring a fluid temperature
  • the computer having a corrector for correcting the first signal and the second signal according to said temperature.
  • the corrector can take the form of a code segment, a portion of an electronic card, etc.
  • the engine temperature can affect the measurements. Therefore, this variant makes it possible to reframe the measurements as a function of the measured temperature.
  • a predetermined model established by tests and / or simulations makes it possible to correct the measurements made as a function of the temperature of the lubricating fluid.
  • Such a model can take the form of a table, at least one mathematical relationship ...
  • Such a model can be implemented by a code segment, a logic circuit ....
  • the computer may include a phase shifter for determining said phase shift and a comparator for determining said torque as a function of said phase shift.
  • the phase shifter and / or the comparator may take the form of a code segment, a portion of an electronic card, etc.
  • the measurement system may comprise two said pairs of sensors, namely two first sensors and two second sensors, the computer being a two-channel computer comprising two channels, the two channels being respectively in communication with the two pairs of sensors, the computer having an alert unit for comparing the torque determined by each channel and generating an alert in case of dissimilarities, improving the reliability of the torque measuring system.
  • the warning unit can take the form of a code segment, a portion of an electronic card, etc.
  • An aircraft is usually equipped with a dual ECU electronic control system which has two different calculation channels. Two pairs of sensors cooperating with the same two coding wheels mentioned above make it possible to measure torque on each channel of the computer. The computer can then perform a consistency check to raise the reliability level of the torque measurement system.
  • the torsion shaft may have a length of the order of 500 to 600 millimeters, the torsion angle between the first section and the second section may be of the order of 10 ° at full power.
  • Such a torsion shaft has sufficient stiffness to move a power transmission chain, and to deform in torsion sufficiently to measure the transmitted torque.
  • first coding wheel and the second coding wheel may each comprise a toothed wheel having a succession of teeth and recesses.
  • the piston engine may include a first row of pistons having angulation with a second row of pistons, said torsion shaft may be disposed between the first row of pistons and the second row of pistons.
  • This V-shaped architecture allows the arrangement of a suitable torsion shaft.
  • the space available around the housing of the shaft in the V space doubles the sensor system which is advantageous for the safety and reliability of the torque measurement.
  • the invention further provides a vehicle with a power plant. Therefore, this power plant comprises at least one piston engine according to the invention.
  • the vehicle is an aircraft provided with a rotor, the rotor protruding out of a cell to participate at least partially in the lift and / or propulsion of this aircraft, the aircraft comprising a power plant setting in motion. rotation on rotor.
  • This vehicle may be provided with a power plant rotating the rotor.
  • the vehicle may be an aircraft equipped with a propeller or tractive propeller, said power plant rotating said propeller.
  • this power plant comprises at least one piston engine according to the invention.
  • the invention further provides a method of measuring a torque developed by such a piston engine.
  • Such a law can be determined by tests and / or simulations.
  • the law can take the form of a table, of at least one mathematical relation ...
  • Such a law can be implemented by a code segment, a logic circuit.
  • the first signal and the second signal may be filtered to eliminate measurement noise.
  • the piston engine may comprise a fluid lubrication system, said torque measuring system comprising at least one temperature sensor measuring a fluid temperature, prior to the step of determining a phase shift, the first signal and the second signal can be corrected according to said temperature according to a predetermined correction.
  • the figure 1 presents a piston engine according to the invention arranged on an aircraft.
  • a piston engine can be used for other purposes, for example on various types of vehicles and possibly land or sea vehicles.
  • the figure 1 illustrates an aircraft type vehicle 1 provided with at least one rotor 2 arranged outside a cell 4 of the aircraft, a rotary wing of a rotorcraft for example.
  • This aircraft 1 further comprises a powerplant 5 adapted to move said at least one rotor 2, and possibly disposed in the cell 4.
  • the powerplant 5 then comprises a piston engine 10 according to the invention and a gearbox 3.
  • the power transmission gearbox 3 is arranged between the piston engine 10 and the rotor 2.
  • the aircraft may comprise at least one propeller set in motion by the power plant 5, and in particular by the piston engine 10 directly or indirectly.
  • the piston engine comprises a plurality of pistons not shown on the figure 1
  • the crankshaft 15 then converts the translation of the pistons into a rotary motion.
  • the power plant 5 is provided with transmission members connecting the crankshaft 15 of the piston engine 10 to the power transmission gearbox 3.
  • the powerplant 5 is provided with a torsion shaft 20 which is rotated about an axis of rotation AXROT directly or indirectly by the crankshaft 15.
  • the torsion shaft 20 can extend over a length of the order of 500 to 600 millimeters, the angle of torsion between the first section and the second section may be of the order of 10 ° at full power
  • the piston engine 10 comprises at least a first row 12 of pistons 11 each sliding in a respective cylinder of this first row 12.
  • the piston engine 10 comprises a second row 13 of pistons 11 each sliding in a respective cylinder of this second row 13.
  • the first row 12 and the second row 13 are separated by angulation a.
  • the torsion shaft 20 is then for example disposed between the first row 12 and the second row 13 to minimize the size of the power plant.
  • the torsion shaft 20 is thus arranged in the space separating the first row 12 from the second row 13.
  • the torsion shaft 20 is disposed in a casing 16 of the piston engine 10. However, it is understood that the torsion shaft can be located outside this casing, while remaining nevertheless mechanically linked. at the crankshaft 15.
  • this torsion shaft 20 is rotated about an axis of rotation AXROT directly or indirectly by the crankshaft 15.
  • the torsion shaft 20 extends longitudinally along the axis of rotation AXROT at least one first section 21 to a second section 22.
  • the crankshaft is secured to a pinion which meshes with a wheel integral with the first section of the torsion shaft 20.
  • This torsion shaft can then set in motion directly or indirectly the power transmission gearbox 3.
  • the second section 22 of the torsion shaft 20 is rotatably connected to a first wheel which meshes with a first gear.
  • pinion this pinion being secured to an output shaft 29 connected to the power transmission gearbox 3.
  • the output shaft 29 may optionally carry a flywheel 30
  • the power plant may be provided with an adjustment means 35 for adjusting the relative speed of rotation between a first rotational speed V1 of the torsion shaft 20 and a second rotational speed V2 of the output shaft. 29.
  • the adjustment means may have the function of maintaining a second rotation speed V2 greater than the first rotation speed V1.
  • the adjustment means represented thus comprises a speed reduction type gear 36 of rotation speed V1 arranged upstream of the torsion shaft 20 to slow down the first speed of rotation V1 of the crankshaft 15.
  • the adjusting means may comprise a multiplier speed gearing gear 37 arranged upstream of the output shaft to increase the second rotation speed V2.
  • the gearbox 36 and the multiplier 37 are obtained for example by means of pinions and wheels, in accordance with the known techniques usually used.
  • a gearbox 36 is arranged between the torsion shaft 20 and the crankshaft 15, the gearbox being engaged with the torsion shaft 20 and the crankshaft 15.
  • a multiplier 37 is arranged between the torsion shaft 20 and the output shaft 29, the multiplier 37 being engaged with the torsion shaft 20 and the output shaft 29.
  • a flywheel 30 may be disposed upstream of the torsion shaft 20, with regard to the sense of power transmission, unlike the variant of the figure 1 which provides for arranging the flywheel 30 downstream of the torsion shaft 20.
  • a flywheel 30 can be engaged on the crankshaft 15 and the torsion shaft 20, the torsion shaft 20 meshing with the gearbox. of power 3.
  • a gearbox 36 can be arranged between a flywheel 30 and the torsion shaft 20.
  • a multiplier 37 can be arranged between a flywheel 30 and the crankshaft 15.
  • the piston engine comprises a fluid lubrication system 95, for example oil.
  • a temperature sensor 75 can measure the temperature of the lubricating fluid.
  • the piston engine is provided with a torque measurement system 50.
  • This torque measuring system 50 is provided with a first encoder wheel 51 present in the first section 21.
  • the first encoder wheel 51 may have a ring 55 and teeth protruding radially from this ring 55.
  • the first encoder wheel 51 presents successively and circumferentially a succession of teeth 53 and recesses 54. Two adjacent teeth are separated by a hollow.
  • the first coding wheel 51 is fixed to the first section 21.
  • the first coding wheel 51 is a constituent part of the torsion shaft 20, the ring forming for example locally a wall of this shaft torsion 20.
  • the torque measurement system 50 is provided with a second encoder wheel 52 present in the second section 22.
  • the second encoder wheel 52 may have a ring and teeth protruding radially from this ring.
  • the second encoder 52 has successively and circumferentially a succession of teeth and troughs.
  • the second encoder wheel 52 is fixed to the second section 22.
  • the second encoder wheel 22 is a constituent part of the torsion shaft 20, the ring forming for example locally a wall of this shaft torsion 20.
  • the first coding wheel 51 and the second coding wheel 52 are spaced from one another longitudinally.
  • a longitudinal distance 150 separates the first coding wheel 51 and the second coding wheel 52 along said axis of rotation AXROT.
  • This first distance can be sized to induce an angular offset of the order of 10 degrees when the engine develops its maximum power.
  • the first encoder wheel 51 and the second encoder wheel 52 are for example symmetrical to one another with respect to a plane said "median plane 100" for convenience, this median plane being for example orthogonal to the axis of rotation AXROT.
  • the torque measuring system comprises at least one pair 60 of sensors 61,62.
  • Each pair of sensors 60 comprises a first rotary motion sensor 61 directed towards the first coding wheel 51 and a second rotary motion sensor 62 directed towards the second coding wheel 52.
  • the measuring system comprises a single pair 60 of sensors 61,62, or at least two pairs 60 of sensors 61,62 each having a first sensor cooperating with the first coding wheel 51 and a second sensor cooperating with the second wheel
  • the first sensor and the second sensor of a pair of sensors 60 may be identical and symmetrical to one another relative to the median plane 100.
  • the first sensor and / or the second sensor of a pair of sensors 60 is a non-contact sensor.
  • such a sensor may be an inductive sensor 65.
  • An inductive sensor 65 may comprise a housing in which a permanent magnet 66 is housed. This permanent magnet 66 is in contact with a polar rod 67 which is directed towards the coding wheel. A coil 68 locally surrounds the pole rod 67 and is connected to an electrical target 69.
  • the torque measuring system comprises a computer 70.
  • the computer 70 may comprise for example at least one processor, at least one integrated circuit, at least one programmable system, at least one logic circuit, these examples not limiting the given scope to the expression "calculator”.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a calculator having at least one processor 71 and at least one memory unit 72, the processor executing instructions stored in the memory unit 72.
  • different code segments may represent subsets 721, 722, 723, 724 of the calculator.
  • a logic circuit may comprise various portions that represent subsets of the computer.
  • the computer 70 is in wired or non-wired communication with each sensor 61, 62 of each pair 60 of sensors.
  • the computer 70 may be in wired or non-wired communication with the temperature sensor 75.
  • the computer 70 can also be in wired or non-wired communication with at least one device 85 using a torque measurement transmitted by the computer 70.
  • the computer 70 may also be in wired or non-wired communication with a display system 80 provided with a screen 81, to require the display of a data relating to the torque or the power developed by the motor. pistons 10.
  • the first sensor 61 of a pair generates a first electrical signal 91 as a function of the speed of rotation of the first section. This first signal 91 is transmitted to the computer 70.
  • the second sensor 62 of a pair generates a second electrical signal 92 as a function of the rotational speed of the second section.
  • This second signal 92 is transmitted to the computer 70.
  • the computer 70 then quantifies a phase shift between the first signal 91 and the second signal 92 by a signal processing method.
  • the computer 70 derives from this phase shift the torque transmitted by the torsion shaft 20 by means of a predetermined law during the development and / or commissioning of the piston engine 10.
  • the computer may include a conventional phase shifter 723 for determining said phase shift.
  • the computer may also include a comparator 724 to obtain the value of the torque as a function of the determined phase shift.
  • This comparator can for example take the form of a mathematical relationship providing the torque as a function of the phase shift, an array of values.
  • the signal processing method may comprise a filtering step performed before the step of determining a phase shift.
  • the computer 70 may comprise a filter 721 for filtering the first signal 91 and the second signal 92 before comparing them.
  • the signal processing method may comprise a correction step performed before the step of determining a phase shift.
  • the computer 70 may comprise a corrector 722 for correcting the first signal 91 and the second signal 92 as a function of the temperature of the lubricant detected by the temperature sensor 75.
  • This corrector may for example take the form of a modifying mathematical relationship. the first signal and the second signal depending on the temperature ...
  • the figure 4 illustrates a torque measuring system provided with two pairs 60 of sensors 61, 62 each having a first sensor cooperating with the first coding wheel 51 and a second sensor with the second coding wheel 52.
  • the computer 70 may be a dual calculator.
  • This calculator 70 thus has a first channel 73 estimating the torque transmitted by communicating with a first pair of sensors, and a second channel 74 estimating the transmitted torque by communicating with a second pair of sensors.
  • the calculator further comprises an alert unit 96 comparing the consistency of couples determined by usual methods called "cross check" in English.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description

La présente invention concerne un moteur à pistons muni d'un système de mesure de couple, un véhicule ayant un tel moteur, et un procédé utilisé par ce moteur. Notamment, le véhicule peut être un aéronef.The present invention relates to a piston engine provided with a torque measuring system, a vehicle having such a motor, and a method used by the engine. In particular, the vehicle can be an aircraft.

Un aéronef peut comprendre un rotor qui participe au moins partiellement à la propulsion et/ou à la sustentation de cet aéronef. Un tel rotor peut être mis en rotation par une installation motrice. Une installation motrice peut comprendre au moins un moteur mettant en mouvement un rotor directement ou via une chaine de transmission de puissance. Par exemple, au moins un moteur met en mouvement une boîte de transmission de puissance, cette boîte de transmission de puissance entraînant en rotation au moins un rotor.An aircraft may comprise a rotor that participates at least partially in the propulsion and / or lift of this aircraft. Such a rotor can be rotated by a power plant. A power plant may include at least one motor driving a rotor directly or via a power transmission chain. For example, at least one motor sets a power transmission in motion, this power transmission gearbox rotating at least one rotor.

Un moteur peut prendre la forme d'un turbomoteur ou encore d'un moteur à pistons. Par exemple, le document FR 2 960 518 présente une installation motrice munie d'un moteur à pistons qui met en mouvement une boîte de transmission de puissance.An engine can take the form of a turbine engine or a piston engine. For example, the document FR 2 960 518 presents a power plant equipped with a piston engine that sets in motion a power transmission.

Par ailleurs, un moteur peut être contrôlé par un système de contrôle électronique, par exemple du type connu sous l'expression anglaise « Engine Electronic Control Unit » et les acronymes EECU ou ECU. Le système de contrôle électronique peut piloter un système d'injection de carburant alimentant le moteur en carburant en fonction de consignes d'asservissement. Ces consignes d'asservissement sont notamment établies pour éviter que des limites de fonctionnement du rotor ou du moteur soient dépassées, et par exemple pour éviter que des limites de couple de la boîte de transmission de puissance soient dépassées.Furthermore, an engine can be controlled by an electronic control system, for example of the type known under the term "Engine Electronic Control Unit" and acronyms EECU or ECU. The electronic control system can drive a fuel injection system supplying the engine with fuel according to servo control instructions. These servo control instructions are in particular established to prevent the operating limits of the rotor or the motor are exceeded, and for example to prevent torque limits of the power transmission box are exceeded.

Pour asservir le fonctionnement du moteur, une installation motrice peut comprendre des moyens pour évaluer le couple développé par ce moteur.To enslave the operation of the engine, a power plant may include means for evaluating the torque developed by the engine.

Sur un turbomoteur, la valeur du couple développé peut être mesurée par l'équilibrage de l'effort axial de réaction de pignons de transmission à taille oblique.On a turbine engine, the value of the developed torque can be measured by the balancing of the axial reaction force of obliquely sized transmission gears.

Selon une technique alternative plus moderne, le couple développé peut être déterminé en mesurant un angle de torsion d'un arbre de puissance.According to a more modern alternative technique, the developed torque can be determined by measuring a torsion angle of a power shaft.

A titre illustratif, le document FR 2 931 552 décrit un dispositif de mesure de couple transmis par un arbre de puissance d'un turbomoteur. Ce dispositif de mesure de couple comporte un arbre de référence creux. L'arbre de référence s'étend longitudinalement d'une première zone extrémale solidarisée à un premier tronçon de l'arbre de puissance jusqu'à une deuxième zone extrémale agencée au droit d'un deuxième tronçon de l'arbre de puissance. La deuxième zone extrémale et le deuxième tronçon forment des roues phoniques disposées dans un même plan.As an illustration, the document FR 2 931 552 describes a torque measuring device transmitted by a power shaft of a turbine engine. This torque measuring device comprises a hollow reference shaft. The reference shaft extends longitudinally from a first end zone secured to a first section of the power shaft to a second end zone arranged in line with a second section of the power shaft. The second end zone and the second section form phonic wheels arranged in the same plane.

Le document FR 2972 256 présente un couplemètre de ce type.The document FR 2972 256 has a torque meter of this type.

Les systèmes mesurant un angle de torsion d'un arbre de puissance d'un turbomoteur sont employés pour des machines dont le couple instantané est sensiblement constant. Ce n'est pas le cas des moteurs à pistons où des variations instantanées du couple peuvent être considérables, par exemple de l'ordre de plus ou moins 100% par rapport à une valeur moyenne du couple.Systems measuring a torsion angle of a power shaft of a turbine engine are used for machines whose instantaneous torque is substantially constant. This is not the case for piston engines where instantaneous variations in the torque can be considerable, for example of the order of plus or minus 100% compared to an average value of the torque.

Dans les moteurs conventionnels à pistons contrôlés par un système de contrôle électronique, le couple développé peut être estimé par le système de contrôle électronique du moteur en fonction des ordres instantanés donnés au système d'injection du moteur. Lors d'essais sur banc, un constructeur peut étalonner le couple développé par le moteur en fonction des caractéristiques de consigne instantanées données au système d'injection.In conventional piston engines controlled by an electronic control system, the developed torque can be estimated by the electronic engine control system in function of the instantaneous orders given to the engine injection system. In bench tests, a manufacturer can calibrate the torque developed by the engine according to the instantaneous set-point characteristics given to the injection system.

Cette valeur de couple estimée, associée à la mesure éventuelle du régime de rotation provenant de capteurs instantanés de rotation, permet le calcul de la puissance instantanée développée par le moteur pour un affichage de cette puissance destiné à un pilote.This estimated torque value, associated with the possible measurement of the speed of rotation coming from instantaneous rotation sensors, makes it possible to calculate the instantaneous power developed by the motor for a display of this power intended for a pilot.

Un tel moteur est alors sujet à une mesure de couple pouvant être qualifiée « d'indirecte » puisque la valeur du couple développé est déduite de paramètres très différents et non pas mesurée. La valeur du couple estimée peut alors être peu précise.Such a motor is then subject to a torque measurement that can be described as "indirect" since the value of the developed torque is deduced from very different parameters and not measured. The value of the estimated torque may then be inaccurate.

Un dysfonctionnement du système de contrôle électronique peut de plus conduire à une estimation erronée, et donc à un affichage de valeurs erronées non détecté par le pilote.A malfunction of the electronic control system may further lead to an erroneous estimate, and therefore to a display of erroneous values not detected by the pilot.

Cette architecture ne permet en outre pas d'effectuer des mesures complémentaires pour aider le pilote à établir un diagnostic de situations anormales, telles que l'affichage d'une mauvaise valeur du couple ou de la puissance associée.This architecture also makes it impossible to carry out additional measurements to help the pilot to establish a diagnosis of abnormal situations, such as the display of a bad value of the torque or the associated power.

La mesure indirecte du couple via la correspondance entre le couple moyen mesuré au banc moteur et des paramètres de commande disponibles dans le logiciel de commande l'injection est donc facile et couramment utilisée pour la conduite d'un véhicule terrestre. Cette mesure peut néanmoins être d'une précision médiocre rendant son utilisation dans le domaine aéronautique plus délicate, et ne permet pas d'effectuer des mesures complémentaires dans un but de vérification et donc de sécurité.The indirect measurement of the torque via the correspondence between the average torque measured at the engine test bench and the control parameters available in the injection control software is therefore easy and commonly used for driving a land vehicle. This measure can nevertheless be of a poor precision rendering its use in the aeronautical field more delicate, and does not make it possible to carry out additional measurements for the purpose of verification and thus of safety.

Les documents WO 01/90545 , US 2011/290200 , DE 562354 , US 2003/089822 , US 1503356 et US 1816216 sont aussi connus.The documents WO 01/90545 , US 2011/290200 , DE 562354 , US 2003/089822 , US 1503356 and US 1816216 are also known.

La présente invention a alors pour objet de proposer un moteur à pistons muni d'un système de mesure pour mesurer directement le couple développé par ce moteur à pistons.The present invention therefore aims to provide a piston engine provided with a measuring system for directly measuring the torque developed by the piston engine.

Selon l'invention, un moteur à pistons est donc muni d'un système de mesure de couple. Ce moteur à pistons comprend au moins une rangée de pistons, les pistons étant reliés à un vilebrequin. Le moteur à pistons comprend un arbre de torsion, l'arbre de torsion s'étendant longitudinalement le long d'un axe de rotation au moins d'un premier tronçon jusqu'à un deuxième tronçon, une rotation du vilebrequin entraînant directement ou indirectement une rotation de l'arbre de torsion autour de l'axe de rotation.According to the invention, a piston engine is thus provided with a torque measuring system. This piston engine comprises at least one row of pistons, the pistons being connected to a crankshaft. The piston engine comprises a torsion shaft, the torsion shaft extending longitudinally along an axis of rotation at least from a first section to a second section, a rotation of the crankshaft driving directly or indirectly a rotation of the torsion shaft around the axis of rotation.

Le système de mesure du couple comporte :

  • une première roue codeuse disposée dans le premier tronçon et solidaire en rotation de l'arbre de torsion,
  • une deuxième roue codeuse disposée dans le deuxième tronçon et solidaire en rotation de l'arbre de torsion, la première roue codeuse et la deuxième roue codeuse étant éloignées l'une de l'autre longitudinalement,
  • au moins une paire de capteurs, chaque paire de capteurs comprenant un premier capteur de mouvement rotatif dirigé vers la première roue codeuse et un deuxième capteur de mouvement rotatif dirigé vers la deuxième roue codeuse
  • un calculateur en communication avec chaque paire de capteurs, le premier capteur d'une paire transmettant un premier signal de mesure au calculateur et le deuxième capteur d'une paire transmettant un deuxième signal de mesure au calculateur, le calculateur déterminant ledit couple en fonction d'un déphasage entre le premier signal et le deuxième signal.
The torque measuring system comprises:
  • a first encoder wheel arranged in the first section and integral in rotation with the torsion shaft,
  • a second coding wheel arranged in the second section and integral in rotation with the torsion shaft, the first coding wheel and the second coding wheel being spaced apart from one another longitudinally,
  • at least one pair of sensors, each pair of sensors including a first rotary motion sensor directed to the first encoder wheel and a second rotary motion sensor directed to the second encoder wheel
  • a computer in communication with each pair of sensors, the first sensor of a pair transmitting a first measurement signal to the computer and the second sensor of a pair transmitting a second measurement signal to the computer, the computer determining said torque as a function of a phase difference between the first signal and the second signal.

L'expression « arbre de torsion » désigne un arbre présentant une raideur en torsion autorisant sa déformation en torsion lorsque l'arbre de torsion est mis en rotation. L'arbre de torsion n'est donc pas infiniment rigide en torsion. L'arbre de torsion peut être un arbre de puissance de sortie du moteur subissant un couple moteur, ou peut être un arbre intermédiaire.The term "torsion shaft" designates a shaft having a torsional stiffness allowing its torsional deformation when the torsion shaft is rotated. The torsion shaft is not infinitely rigid in torsion. The torsion shaft may be an engine output power shaft undergoing engine torque, or may be an intermediate shaft.

L'expression « l'arbre de torsion s'étendant longitudinalement le long d'un axe de rotation au moins d'un premier tronçon jusqu'à un deuxième tronçon » signifie que l'arbre de torsion peut comporter au moins un tronçon dépourvu de roues codeuses, du type par exemple d'un tronçon intermédiaire disposé entre le premier tronçon et le deuxième tronçon. Eventuellement mais non obligatoirement, le premier tronçon et le deuxième tronçon peuvent être des tronçons définissant une extrémité de l'arbre de torsion.The expression "the torsion shaft extending longitudinally along an axis of rotation at least from a first section to a second section" means that the torsion shaft may comprise at least one section without coding wheels, of the type for example of an intermediate section disposed between the first section and the second section. Possibly but not necessarily, the first section and the second section may be sections defining one end of the torsion shaft.

L'expression « première roue codeuse disposée dans le premier tronçon » signifie que la première roue codeuse est agencée au niveau du premier tronçon. La première roue codeuse peut représenter une partie du premier tronçon ou être fixée à ce premier tronçon.The expression "first coding wheel disposed in the first section" means that the first coding wheel is arranged at the first section. The first coding wheel may represent a part of the first section or be attached to this first section.

L'expression « deuxième roue codeuse disposée dans le deuxième tronçon » signifie que la deuxième roue codeuse est agencée au niveau du deuxième tronçon. La deuxième roue codeuse peut représenter une partie du deuxième tronçon ou être fixée à ce deuxième tronçon.The expression "second coding wheel disposed in the second section" means that the second coding wheel is arranged at the second section. The second coding wheel may represent a part of the second section or be attached to this second section.

L'expression « dirigé sur » signifie que le capteur concerné vise la roue codeuse associée pour émettre un signal relatif au mouvement de cette roue codeuse.The expression "directed on" means that the sensor concerned is aimed at the associated coding wheel to emit a signal relating to the movement of this coding wheel.

Un tel capteur peut être un capteur passif coopérant avec une roue dentée, ou encore un capteur actif à effet Hall coopérant avec une roue codeuse. Chaque capteur peut être logé dans un carter du moteur à pistons.Such a sensor may be a passive sensor cooperating with a gear wheel, or an active sensor Hall effect cooperating with an encoder wheel. Each sensor can be housed in a crankcase of the piston engine.

Chaque capteur émet alors un signal qui varie en fonction de la vitesse de rotation de la roue codeuse examinée et des caractéristiques de la roue codeuse elle-même. En effet, le capteur produit une tension électrique alternative et sinusoïdale dont l'amplitude varie en fonction de la vitesse de rotation de la roue codeuse examinée, de la taille d'un entrefer séparant le capteur de la roue codeuse, de la forme de dents de la roue codeuse le cas échéant ainsi que des matériaux utilisés. La fréquence du signal est l'image de la vitesse de rotation de la roue codeuse.Each sensor then emits a signal that varies as a function of the rotational speed of the coding wheel examined and the characteristics of the coding wheel itself. Indeed, the sensor produces an alternating and sinusoidal electrical voltage whose amplitude varies as a function of the rotation speed of the coding wheel examined, the size of a gap separating the sensor from the coding wheel, the shape of teeth the encoder wheel if necessary and the materials used. The signal frequency is the image of the speed of rotation of the encoder wheel.

Dès lors, le moteur à pistons est muni d'un arbre de torsion suffisamment long pour se déformer en torsion naturellement en fonctionnement. De plus, au moins deux capteurs sont associés à deux roues codeuses disposées au niveau de deux tronçons différents de l'arbre de torsion, et favorablement au niveau de deux tronçons d'extrémité de l'arbre de torsion.Therefore, the piston engine is provided with a torsion shaft long enough to deform in torsion naturally in operation. In addition, at least two sensors are associated with two coding wheels arranged at two different sections of the torsion shaft, and favorably at two end sections of the torsion shaft.

Chaque capteur transmet un signal dont la forme peut dépendre de la vitesse de rotation de la roue codeuse associée.Each sensor transmits a signal whose shape may depend on the speed of rotation of the associated coding wheel.

Lorsque l'arbre de torsion ne transmet aucun couple, le premier signal et le deuxième signal émis par le premier capteur et le deuxième capteur d'une paire de capteurs présentent un déphasage de référence prédéterminé, et par exemple nul.When the torsion shaft transmits no torque, the first signal and the second signal emitted by the first sensor and the second sensor of a pair of sensors have a predetermined reference phase shift, for example zero.

Par exemple, le premier signal et le deuxième signal sont synchrones, en phase, lorsque l'arbre de torsion ne transmet aucun couple. En présence d'un déphasage nul entre le premier signal et le deuxième signal, le calculateur en déduit la présence d'un couple nul.For example, the first signal and the second signal are synchronous, in phase, when the torsion shaft transmits no torque. In the presence of a zero phase shift between the first signal and the second signal, the computer deduces the presence of a zero torque.

Lors du fonctionnement du moteur, le couple transmis par l'arbre de torsion tend à tordre élastiquement cet arbre de travail. Le premier signal et le deuxième signal émis par le premier capteur et le deuxième capteur d'une paire de capteurs sont alors déphasés d'un déphasage différent du déphasage de référence.During operation of the engine, the torque transmitted by the torsion shaft tends to elastically twist this working shaft. The first signal and the second signal emitted by the first sensor and the second sensor of a pair of sensors are then out of phase with a phase difference different from the reference phase shift.

Le déphasage entre le premier signal et le deuxième signal est déterminé par un calculateur, par exemple par des techniques de traitement du signal usuelles. Ce déphasage est l'image du couple transmis.The phase difference between the first signal and the second signal is determined by a computer, for example by conventional signal processing techniques. This phase shift is the image of the transmitted torque.

Une loi peut être établie lors d'essais et/ou de simulations de calibration pour permettre d'obtenir le couple à partir du déphasage mesuré. Dès lors, le calculateur peut déterminer ce couple. Le couple déterminé est alors transmis à un afficheur, voire à des instruments de l'aéronef tels qu'un écran d'affichage digital.A law can be established during tests and / or calibration simulations to obtain the torque from the measured phase shift. From then on, the calculator can determine this couple. The determined torque is then transmitted to a display or to aircraft instruments such as a digital display screen.

En exploitant numériquement ce déphasage, le calculateur peut ainsi obtenir une mesure directe et instantanée du couple, avec la précision requise.By numerically exploiting this phase shift, the computer can thus obtain a direct and instantaneous measurement of the torque, with the required accuracy.

Le moteur à pistons peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes.The piston engine may have one or more of the following features.

Par exemple, au moins un des premier capteur et deuxième capteur peut être un capteur sans contact.For example, at least one of the first sensor and the second sensor may be a non-contact sensor.

Par exemple, au moins un des premier capteur et deuxième capteur peut être un capteur inductif.For example, at least one of the first sensor and the second sensor may be an inductive sensor.

Pour obtenir une valeur de couple précise, le système de mesure de couple peut tendre à détecter un décalage faible entre la première roue codeuse et la deuxième roue codeuse, par exemple inférieur à 0.5 degré d'angle, le déphasage à pleine puissance pouvant être de l'ordre de 10 degrés d'angle par exemple.In order to obtain an accurate torque value, the torque measuring system can tend to detect a slight offset between the first coding wheel and the second coding wheel, for example less than 0.5 degree of angle, the phase shift at full power being able to be of the order of 10 degrees of angle for example.

Eventuellement, ledit arbre de torsion présente un décalage angulaire compris entre 8 et 12 degrés entre le premier tronçon et le deuxième tronçon lorsque le moteur à pistons développe une puissance maximale. L'expression « puissance maximale » désigne la puissance la plus élevée que peut développer le moteur.Optionally, said torsion shaft has an angular offset of between 8 and 12 degrees between the first section and the second section when the piston engine develops maximum power. The term "maximum power" refers to the highest power that the engine can develop.

De plus, le système de mesure de couple peut tendre à fonctionner dans un milieu subissant des variations de température importantes. La température du moteur varie sensiblement par exemple entre un démarrage à froid et un fonctionnement par temps chaud.In addition, the torque measurement system can tend to operate in a medium undergoing significant temperature variations. The engine temperature varies substantially for example between a cold start and a hot weather operation.

Un capteur inductif peut tendre à permettre la détermination du couple transmis dans ces conditions extrêmes.An inductive sensor can tend to allow the determination of the transmitted torque under these extreme conditions.

Un capteur inductif assure en outre une mesure sans contact et donc sans usure des roues codeuses.An inductive sensor also ensures non-contact and therefore no wear-free measurement of the coding wheels.

Un tel capteur inductif peut comprendre de manière usuelle un boîtier accueillant un aimant permanent et un bobinage relié à une cible électrique. L'aimant permanent est en contact avec une tige polaire qui est dirigée vers la roue codeuse et séparée de cette roue codeuse par un entrefer. La tige polaire conduit le champ magnétique généré par l'aimant vers la roue codeuse qui module ce champ magnétique lorsqu'elle est en rotation.Such an inductive sensor may comprise in the usual manner a housing housing a permanent magnet and a coil connected to an electric target. The permanent magnet is in contact with a polar rod which is directed towards the coding wheel and separated from this coding wheel by an air gap. The polar rod drives the magnetic field generated by the magnet to the encoder wheel that modulates the magnetic field when it is rotating.

Par exemple, la roue codeuse comporte une succession de dents et de creux. Chaque dent est en saillie radiale par rapport à un creux adjacent. Une dent située en face du capteur renforce le champ magnétique alors qu'un creux affaiblit ce champ magnétique. Lors des passages d'une dent à un creux et inversement, des variations du champ magnétique se produisent, et induisent une tension électrique alternative et sinusoïdale dans la bobine. Le capteur émet alors un signal de tension électrique sinusoïdale dont la forme varie en fonction de la vitesse de rotation de la roue codeuse.For example, the encoder wheel has a succession of teeth and recesses. Each tooth is protruding radially from an adjacent hollow. A tooth located in front of the sensor strengthens the magnetic field while a hollow weakens this magnetic field. When passing from one tooth to a hollow and vice versa, variations in the magnetic field occur, and induce an alternating and sinusoidal voltage in the coil. The sensor then emits a sinusoidal voltage signal whose shape varies according to the speed of rotation of the encoder wheel.

Selon un autre aspect, le calculateur peut comporter un filtre pour filtrer un bruit du premier signal et du deuxième signal.In another aspect, the computer may include a filter for filtering a noise of the first signal and the second signal.

Un filtre usuel peut tendre à minimiser les bruits de mesure. Un tel filtre peut prendre la forme d'un filtre passe-bas ou passe haut, d'un segment de code, d'une portion de carte électronique...A conventional filter may tend to minimize measurement noise. Such a filter can take the form of a low-pass or high-pass filter, a code segment, a portion of an electronic card, etc.

Selon un autre aspect le moteur à pistons pouvant comporter un système de lubrification à fluide, le système de mesure du couple peut comporter au moins un senseur de température mesurant une température du fluide, le calculateur comportant un correcteur pour corriger le premier signal et le deuxième signal en fonction de ladite température.In another aspect, the piston engine may comprise a fluid lubrication system, the torque measuring system may comprise at least one temperature sensor measuring a fluid temperature, the computer having a corrector for correcting the first signal and the second signal according to said temperature.

Le correcteur peut prendre la forme d'un segment de code, d'une portion de carte électronique...The corrector can take the form of a code segment, a portion of an electronic card, etc.

La température du moteur peut influer les mesures. Dès lors, cette variante permet de recadrer les mesures en fonction de la température mesurée. Par exemple un modèle prédéterminé établi par essais et/ou simulations permet de corriger les mesures effectuées en fonction de la température du fluide de lubrification. Un tel modèle peut prendre la forme d'un tableau, d'au moins une relation mathématique... Un tel modèle peut être mis en oeuvre par un segment de code, un circuit logique....The engine temperature can affect the measurements. Therefore, this variant makes it possible to reframe the measurements as a function of the measured temperature. For example, a predetermined model established by tests and / or simulations makes it possible to correct the measurements made as a function of the temperature of the lubricating fluid. Such a model can take the form of a table, at least one mathematical relationship ... Such a model can be implemented by a code segment, a logic circuit ....

Un filtrage des signaux, un « moyennage », des corrections de température en fonctionnement, adaptés et associés à une calibration au banc d'essais du moteur avant sa livraison, permettent la mesure et l'indication du couple en continu en fonctionnement.A signal filtering, an "averaging", temperature corrections in operation, adapted and associated with a calibration on the test bench of the engine before delivery, allow measurement and indication of the continuous torque in operation.

Ces méthodes de filtrage, de calibration et de correction peuvent être d'un type connu.These methods of filtering, calibration and correction can be of a known type.

Selon un autre aspect, le calculateur peut comporter un déphaseur pour déterminer ledit déphasage et un comparateur pour déterminer ledit couple en fonction dudit déphasage.In another aspect, the computer may include a phase shifter for determining said phase shift and a comparator for determining said torque as a function of said phase shift.

Le déphaseur et/ou le comparateur peuvent prendre la forme d'un segment de code, d'une portion de carte électronique...The phase shifter and / or the comparator may take the form of a code segment, a portion of an electronic card, etc.

Selon un autre aspect, le système de mesure peut comporter deux dites paires de capteurs, soit deux premier capteurs et deux deuxièmes capteurs, le calculateur étant un calculateur bicanal comprenant deux canaux, les deux canaux étant respectivement en communication avec les deux paires de capteurs, le calculateur ayant une unité d'alerte pour comparer le couple déterminé par chaque canal et générer une alerte en cas de dissemblances, améliorant la fiabilité du système de mesure de couple.According to another aspect, the measurement system may comprise two said pairs of sensors, namely two first sensors and two second sensors, the computer being a two-channel computer comprising two channels, the two channels being respectively in communication with the two pairs of sensors, the computer having an alert unit for comparing the torque determined by each channel and generating an alert in case of dissimilarities, improving the reliability of the torque measuring system.

L'unité d'alerte peut prendre la forme d'un segment de code, d'une portion de carte électronique...The warning unit can take the form of a code segment, a portion of an electronic card, etc.

Un aéronef est usuellement muni d'un système de contrôle électronique ECU dual qui possède deux canaux de calcul différents. Deux paires de capteurs coopérant avec les deux mêmes roues codeuses précédemment citées, permettent de réaliser une mesure de couple sur chaque canal du calculateur. Le calculateur peut alors réaliser un contrôle de cohérence permettant d'élever le niveau de fiabilité du système de mesure de couple.An aircraft is usually equipped with a dual ECU electronic control system which has two different calculation channels. Two pairs of sensors cooperating with the same two coding wheels mentioned above make it possible to measure torque on each channel of the computer. The computer can then perform a consistency check to raise the reliability level of the torque measurement system.

Selon un autre aspect, l'arbre de torsion peut présenter une longueur de l'ordre de 500 à 600 millimètres, l'angle de torsion entre le premier tronçon et le deuxième tronçon pouvant être de l'ordre de 10° à pleine puissance.In another aspect, the torsion shaft may have a length of the order of 500 to 600 millimeters, the torsion angle between the first section and the second section may be of the order of 10 ° at full power.

Un tel arbre de torsion présente une raideur suffisante pour mettre en mouvement une chaîne de transmission de puissance, et pour se déformer en torsion suffisamment afin de mesurer le couple transmis.Such a torsion shaft has sufficient stiffness to move a power transmission chain, and to deform in torsion sufficiently to measure the transmitted torque.

Selon un autre aspect, la première roue codeuse et la deuxième roue codeuse peuvent comprendre chacune une roue dentée présentant une succession de dents et de creux.In another aspect, the first coding wheel and the second coding wheel may each comprise a toothed wheel having a succession of teeth and recesses.

Selon un autre aspect, le moteur à pistons pouvant comprendre une première rangée de pistons présentant une angulation avec une deuxième rangée de pistons, ledit arbre de torsion peut être disposé entre la première rangée de pistons et la deuxième rangée de pistons.In another aspect, the piston engine may include a first row of pistons having angulation with a second row of pistons, said torsion shaft may be disposed between the first row of pistons and the second row of pistons.

Cette architecture en V permet l'agencement d'un arbre de torsion adéquat. De plus, l'espace disponible autour du logement de l'arbre dans l'espace en V permet de doubler le système de capteurs ce qui est avantageux pour la sécurité et la fiabilité de la mesure de couple.This V-shaped architecture allows the arrangement of a suitable torsion shaft. In addition, the space available around the housing of the shaft in the V space doubles the sensor system which is advantageous for the safety and reliability of the torque measurement.

L'invention vise de plus un véhicule muni d'une installation motrice. Dès lors, cette installation motrice comporte au moins un moteur à pistons selon l'invention.The invention further provides a vehicle with a power plant. Therefore, this power plant comprises at least one piston engine according to the invention.

Par exemple, le véhicule est un aéronef muni d'un rotor, le rotor saillant en dehors d'une cellule pour participer au moins partiellement à la sustentation et/ou à la propulsion de cet aéronef, l'aéronef comprenant une installation motrice mettant en rotation le rotor. Ce véhicule peut être muni d'une installation motrice mettant en rotation le rotor.For example, the vehicle is an aircraft provided with a rotor, the rotor protruding out of a cell to participate at least partially in the lift and / or propulsion of this aircraft, the aircraft comprising a power plant setting in motion. rotation on rotor. This vehicle may be provided with a power plant rotating the rotor.

De manière complémentaire ou alternative, le véhicule peut être un aéronef muni d'une hélice propulsive ou tractive, ladite installation motrice mettant en rotation ladite hélice.Complementarily or alternatively, the vehicle may be an aircraft equipped with a propeller or tractive propeller, said power plant rotating said propeller.

Dès lors, cette installation motrice comporte au moins un moteur à pistons selon l'invention.Therefore, this power plant comprises at least one piston engine according to the invention.

L'invention vise de plus un procédé de mesure d'un couple développé par un tel moteur à pistons.The invention further provides a method of measuring a torque developed by such a piston engine.

Durant ce procédé, les étapes suivantes sont entreprises :

  • émission d'un premier signal avec le premier capteur d'une paire de capteurs variant en fonction de la vitesse de rotation de la première roue codeuse autour de l'axe de rotation de l'arbre de torsion, et émission d'un deuxième signal avec le deuxième capteur de cette paire de capteurs variant en fonction de la vitesse de rotation de la deuxième roue codeuse autour de l'axe de rotation de l'arbre de torsion,
  • détermination d'un déphasage entre le premier signal et le deuxième signal,
  • détermination dudit couple en convertissant ledit déphasage en couple à l'aide d'une loi prédéterminée.
During this process, the following steps are undertaken:
  • transmitting a first signal with the first sensor of a pair of sensors varying according to the speed of rotation of the first encoder wheel about the axis of rotation of the torsion shaft, and outputting a second signal with the second sensor of this pair of sensors varying according to the speed of rotation of the second encoder wheel about the axis of rotation of the torsion shaft,
  • determining a phase shift between the first signal and the second signal,
  • determining said torque by converting said phase shift into torque using a predetermined law.

Une telle loi peut être déterminée par essais et/ou simulations. La loi peut prendre la forme d'un tableau, d'au moins une relation mathématique... Une telle loi peut être mise en oeuvre par un segment de code, un circuit logique..Such a law can be determined by tests and / or simulations. The law can take the form of a table, of at least one mathematical relation ... Such a law can be implemented by a code segment, a logic circuit.

Préalablement à l'étape de détermination d'un déphasage, le premier signal et le deuxième signal peuvent être filtrés pour éliminer un bruit de mesure.Prior to the step of determining a phase shift, the first signal and the second signal may be filtered to eliminate measurement noise.

De manière complémentaire ou alternative, le moteur à pistons pouvant comporter un système de lubrification à fluide, ledit système de mesure du couple comportant au moins un senseur de température mesurant une température du fluide, préalablement à l'étape de détermination d'un déphasage, le premier signal et le deuxième signal peuvent être corrigés en fonction de ladite température selon une correction prédéterminée.In a complementary or alternative manner, the piston engine may comprise a fluid lubrication system, said torque measuring system comprising at least one temperature sensor measuring a fluid temperature, prior to the step of determining a phase shift, the first signal and the second signal can be corrected according to said temperature according to a predetermined correction.

Une telle correction peut être déterminée par essais et/ou simulations. La correction peut prendre la forme d'un tableau, d'au moins une relation mathématique.. Une telle correction peut être mise en oeuvre par un segment de code, un circuit logique
L'invention et ses avantages apparaîtront avec plus de détails dans le cadre de la description qui suit avec des exemples donnés à titre illustratif en référence aux figures annexées qui représentent :

  • la figure 1, un schéma illustrant un moteur à pistons selon l'invention agencé dans un aéronef,
  • la figure 2, un schéma illustrant un moteur à pistons ayant deux rangées de pistons,
  • la figure 3, un schéma illustrant un capteur inductif, et
  • la figure 4, un schéma illustrant un système de mesure de couple ayant deux paires de capteurs.
Such a correction can be determined by tests and / or simulations. The correction can take the form of a table, of at least one mathematical relation. Such a correction can be implemented by a code segment, a logic circuit
The invention and its advantages will appear in more detail in the context of the description which follows with examples given by way of illustration with reference to the appended figures which represent:
  • the figure 1 , a diagram illustrating a piston engine according to the invention arranged in an aircraft,
  • the figure 2 , a diagram illustrating a piston engine having two rows of pistons,
  • the figure 3 , a diagram illustrating an inductive sensor, and
  • the figure 4 , a diagram illustrating a torque measuring system having two pairs of sensors.

Les éléments présents dans plusieurs figures distinctes sont affectés d'une seule et même référence.The elements present in several separate figures are assigned a single reference.

La figure 1 présente un moteur à pistons selon l'invention agencé sur un aéronef. Toutefois, un tel moteur à pistons peut être utilisé à d'autres fins, par exemple sur divers types de véhicules et éventuellement des véhicules terrestres ou maritimes.The figure 1 presents a piston engine according to the invention arranged on an aircraft. However, such a piston engine can be used for other purposes, for example on various types of vehicles and possibly land or sea vehicles.

Dans ce contexte, la figure 1 illustre un véhicule de type aéronef 1 muni d'au moins un rotor 2 agencé en dehors d'une cellule 4 de l'aéronef, une voilure tournante d'un giravion par exemple.In this context, the figure 1 illustrates an aircraft type vehicle 1 provided with at least one rotor 2 arranged outside a cell 4 of the aircraft, a rotary wing of a rotorcraft for example.

Cet aéronef 1 comprend de plus une installation motrice 5 apte à mettre en mouvement ledit au moins rotor 2, et éventuellement disposée dans la cellule 4. L'installation motrice 5 comporte alors un moteur à pistons 10 selon l'invention et une boîte de transmission de puissance 3. La boîte de transmission de puissance 3 est agencée entre le moteur à pistons 10 et le rotor 2.This aircraft 1 further comprises a powerplant 5 adapted to move said at least one rotor 2, and possibly disposed in the cell 4. The powerplant 5 then comprises a piston engine 10 according to the invention and a gearbox 3. The power transmission gearbox 3 is arranged between the piston engine 10 and the rotor 2.

De manière complémentaire ou alternative, l'aéronef peut comprendre au moins une hélice mise en mouvement par l'installation motrice 5, et notamment par le moteur à pistons 10 directement ou indirectement.Complementarily or alternatively, the aircraft may comprise at least one propeller set in motion by the power plant 5, and in particular by the piston engine 10 directly or indirectly.

Le moteur à pistons comporte une pluralité de pistons non représentés sur la figure 1 reliés à un vilebrequin 15. Le vilebrequin 15 convertit alors la translation des pistons en un mouvement rotatif.The piston engine comprises a plurality of pistons not shown on the figure 1 The crankshaft 15 then converts the translation of the pistons into a rotary motion.

De plus, l'installation motrice 5 est pourvue d'organes de transmission reliant le vilebrequin 15 du moteur à pistons 10 à la boîte de transmission de puissance 3. Plus précisément, l'installation motrice 5 est pourvue d'un arbre de torsion 20 qui est mis en rotation autour d'un axe de rotation AXROT directement ou indirectement par le vilebrequin 15. L'arbre de torsion 20 peut s'étendre sur une longueur de l'ordre de 500 à 600 millimètres, l'angle de torsion entre le premier tronçon et le deuxième tronçon pouvant être de l'ordre de 10° à pleine puissanceIn addition, the power plant 5 is provided with transmission members connecting the crankshaft 15 of the piston engine 10 to the power transmission gearbox 3. Specifically, the powerplant 5 is provided with a torsion shaft 20 which is rotated about an axis of rotation AXROT directly or indirectly by the crankshaft 15. The torsion shaft 20 can extend over a length of the order of 500 to 600 millimeters, the angle of torsion between the first section and the second section may be of the order of 10 ° at full power

En référence à la figure 2, le moteur à pistons 10 comporte au moins une première rangée 12 de pistons 11 coulissant chacun dans un cylindre respectif de cette première rangée 12. Eventuellement, le moteur à pistons 10 comprend une deuxième rangée 13 de pistons 11 coulissant chacun dans un cylindre respectif de cette deuxième rangée 13. La première rangée 12 et la deuxième rangée 13 sont séparées par une angulation a.With reference to the figure 2 the piston engine 10 comprises at least a first row 12 of pistons 11 each sliding in a respective cylinder of this first row 12. Optionally, the piston engine 10 comprises a second row 13 of pistons 11 each sliding in a respective cylinder of this second row 13. The first row 12 and the second row 13 are separated by angulation a.

L'arbre de torsion 20 est alors par exemple disposé entre la première rangée 12 et la deuxième rangée 13 pour minimiser l'encombrement de l'installation motrice. L'arbre de torsion 20 est ainsi agencé dans l'espace séparant la première rangée 12 de la deuxième rangée 13.The torsion shaft 20 is then for example disposed between the first row 12 and the second row 13 to minimize the size of the power plant. The torsion shaft 20 is thus arranged in the space separating the first row 12 from the second row 13.

Sur l'exemple représenté, l'arbre de torsion 20 est disposé dans un carter 16 du moteur à pistons 10. Toutefois, on comprend que l'arbre de torsion peut être situé à l'extérieur de ce carter, en restant néanmoins mécaniquement lié au vilebrequin 15.In the example shown, the torsion shaft 20 is disposed in a casing 16 of the piston engine 10. However, it is understood that the torsion shaft can be located outside this casing, while remaining nevertheless mechanically linked. at the crankshaft 15.

En référence à la figure 1, cet arbre de torsion 20 est mis en rotation autour d'un axe de rotation AXROT directement ou indirectement par le vilebrequin 15. L'arbre de torsion 20 s'étend longitudinalement le long de l'axe de rotation AXROT au moins d'un premier tronçon 21 jusqu'à un deuxième tronçon 22. Par exemple, le vilebrequin est solidaire d'un pignon qui engrène une roue solidaire du premier tronçon de l'arbre de torsion 20.With reference to the figure 1 , this torsion shaft 20 is rotated about an axis of rotation AXROT directly or indirectly by the crankshaft 15. The torsion shaft 20 extends longitudinally along the axis of rotation AXROT at least one first section 21 to a second section 22. For example, the crankshaft is secured to a pinion which meshes with a wheel integral with the first section of the torsion shaft 20.

Cet arbre de torsion peut alors mettre en mouvement directement ou indirectement la boîte de transmission de puissance 3. Par exemple, le deuxième tronçon 22 de l'arbre de torsion 20 est solidaire en rotation d'une première roue qui engrène un premier pignon, ce pignon étant solidaire d'un arbre de sortie 29 relié à la boîte de transmission de puissance 3. L'arbre de sortie 29 peut éventuellement porter un volant d'inertie 30This torsion shaft can then set in motion directly or indirectly the power transmission gearbox 3. For example, the second section 22 of the torsion shaft 20 is rotatably connected to a first wheel which meshes with a first gear. pinion, this pinion being secured to an output shaft 29 connected to the power transmission gearbox 3. The output shaft 29 may optionally carry a flywheel 30

Ainsi, l'installation motrice peut être munie d'un moyen de réglage 35 pour régler la vitesse de rotation relative entre une première vitesse de rotation V1 de l'arbre de torsion 20 et une deuxième vitesse de rotation V2 de l'arbre de sortie 29. Le moyen de réglage peut avoir pour fonction de maintenir une deuxième vitesse de rotation V2 supérieure à la première vitesse de rotation V1.Thus, the power plant may be provided with an adjustment means 35 for adjusting the relative speed of rotation between a first rotational speed V1 of the torsion shaft 20 and a second rotational speed V2 of the output shaft. 29. The adjustment means may have the function of maintaining a second rotation speed V2 greater than the first rotation speed V1.

Le moyen de réglage représenté comporte ainsi un engrenage de type réducteur 36 de vitesse de rotation V1 agencé en amont de l'arbre de torsion 20 pour ralentir la première vitesse de rotation V1 du vilebrequin 15.The adjustment means represented thus comprises a speed reduction type gear 36 of rotation speed V1 arranged upstream of the torsion shaft 20 to slow down the first speed of rotation V1 of the crankshaft 15.

De même, le moyen de réglage peut comporter un engrenage de type multiplicateur 37 de vitesse de rotation agencé en amont de l'arbre de sortie pour augmenter la deuxième vitesse de rotation V2.Similarly, the adjusting means may comprise a multiplier speed gearing gear 37 arranged upstream of the output shaft to increase the second rotation speed V2.

Le réducteur 36 et le multiplicateur 37 sont obtenus par exemple par le biais de pignons et de roues, en accord avec les techniques connues usuellement utilisées.The gearbox 36 and the multiplier 37 are obtained for example by means of pinions and wheels, in accordance with the known techniques usually used.

Selon la variante de la figure 1, un réducteur 36 est agencé entre l'arbre de torsion 20 et le vilebrequin 15, le réducteur étant en prise avec l'arbre de torsion 20 et le vilebrequin 15. De plus, un multiplicateur 37 est agencé entre l'arbre de torsion 20 et l'arbre de sortie 29, le multiplicateur 37 étant en prise avec l'arbre de torsion 20 et l'arbre de sortie 29.According to the variant of the figure 1 a gearbox 36 is arranged between the torsion shaft 20 and the crankshaft 15, the gearbox being engaged with the torsion shaft 20 and the crankshaft 15. In addition, a multiplier 37 is arranged between the torsion shaft 20 and the output shaft 29, the multiplier 37 being engaged with the torsion shaft 20 and the output shaft 29.

Selon des variantes non représentées, un volant d'inertie 30 peut être disposé en amont de l'arbre de torsion 20, au regard du sens de transmission de puissance, contrairement à la variante de la figure 1 qui prévoit d'agencer le volant d'inertie 30 en aval de l'arbre de torsion 20.According to variants not shown, a flywheel 30 may be disposed upstream of the torsion shaft 20, with regard to the sense of power transmission, unlike the variant of the figure 1 which provides for arranging the flywheel 30 downstream of the torsion shaft 20.

Si l'installation motrice ne nécessite pas l'implémentation d'un moyen de réglage, un volant d'inertie 30 peut être en prise sur le vilebrequin 15 et l'arbre de torsion 20, cet arbre de torsion 20 engrenant la boîte de transmission de puissance 3.If the power plant does not require the implementation of a control means, a flywheel 30 can be engaged on the crankshaft 15 and the torsion shaft 20, the torsion shaft 20 meshing with the gearbox. of power 3.

Selon une autre variante, un réducteur 36 peut être agencé entre un volant d'inertie 30 et l'arbre de torsion 20. De même, un multiplicateur 37 peut être agencé entre un volant d'inertie 30 et le vilebrequin 15.According to another variant, a gearbox 36 can be arranged between a flywheel 30 and the torsion shaft 20. Similarly, a multiplier 37 can be arranged between a flywheel 30 and the crankshaft 15.

Selon un autre aspect, le moteur à pistons comprend un système de lubrification 95 à fluide, par exemple de l'huile. Un senseur de température 75 peut mesurer la température du fluide de lubrification.In another aspect, the piston engine comprises a fluid lubrication system 95, for example oil. A temperature sensor 75 can measure the temperature of the lubricating fluid.

Par ailleurs, le moteur à pistons est muni d'un système de mesure de couple 50.In addition, the piston engine is provided with a torque measurement system 50.

Ce système de mesure de couple 50 est muni d'une première roue codeuse 51 présente dans le premier tronçon 21. La première roue codeuse 51 peut présenter un anneau 55 et des dents saillant radialement de cet anneau 55. Ainsi, la première roue codeuse 51 présente successivement et circonférentiellement une succession de dents 53 et de creux 54. Deux dents adjacentes sont séparées par un creux.This torque measuring system 50 is provided with a first encoder wheel 51 present in the first section 21. The first encoder wheel 51 may have a ring 55 and teeth protruding radially from this ring 55. Thus, the first encoder wheel 51 presents successively and circumferentially a succession of teeth 53 and recesses 54. Two adjacent teeth are separated by a hollow.

Selon une alternative, la première roue codeuse 51 est fixée au premier tronçon 21. Selon une autre alternative, la première roue codeuse 51 est une partie constitutive de l'arbre de torsion 20, l'anneau formant par exemple localement une paroi de cet arbre de torsion 20.According to an alternative, the first coding wheel 51 is fixed to the first section 21. According to another alternative, the first coding wheel 51 is a constituent part of the torsion shaft 20, the ring forming for example locally a wall of this shaft torsion 20.

Le système de mesure de couple 50 est muni d'une deuxième roue codeuse 52 présente dans le deuxième tronçon 22. La deuxième roue codeuse 52 peut présenter un anneau et des dents saillant radialement de cet anneau. Ainsi, la deuxième codeuse 52 présente successivement et circonférentiellement une succession de dents et de creux.The torque measurement system 50 is provided with a second encoder wheel 52 present in the second section 22. The second encoder wheel 52 may have a ring and teeth protruding radially from this ring. Thus, the second encoder 52 has successively and circumferentially a succession of teeth and troughs.

Selon une alternative, la deuxième roue codeuse 52 est fixée au deuxième tronçon 22. Selon une autre alternative, la deuxième roue codeuse 22 est une partie constitutive de l'arbre de torsion 20, l'anneau formant par exemple localement une paroi de cet arbre de torsion 20.According to an alternative, the second encoder wheel 52 is fixed to the second section 22. According to another alternative, the second encoder wheel 22 is a constituent part of the torsion shaft 20, the ring forming for example locally a wall of this shaft torsion 20.

La première roue codeuse 51 et la deuxième roue codeuse 52 sont éloignées l'une de l'autre longitudinalement. Par exemple, une distance 150 longitudinale sépare la première roue codeuse 51 et la deuxième roue codeuse 52 selon ledit axe de rotation AXROT. Cette première distance peut être dimensionnée pour induire un décalage angulaire de l'ordre de 10 degrés lorsque le moteur développe sa puissance maximale.The first coding wheel 51 and the second coding wheel 52 are spaced from one another longitudinally. For example, a longitudinal distance 150 separates the first coding wheel 51 and the second coding wheel 52 along said axis of rotation AXROT. This first distance can be sized to induce an angular offset of the order of 10 degrees when the engine develops its maximum power.

Lorsque l'arbre de torsion 20 n'effectue pas un mouvement rotatif autour de l'axe de rotation AXROT, la première roue codeuse 51 et la deuxième roue codeuse 52 sont par exemple symétriques l'une de l'autre par rapport à un plan dit « plan médian 100 » par commodité, ce plan médian étant par exemple orthogonal à l'axe de rotation AXROT.When the torsion shaft 20 does not make a rotary movement around the axis of rotation AXROT, the first encoder wheel 51 and the second encoder wheel 52 are for example symmetrical to one another with respect to a plane said "median plane 100" for convenience, this median plane being for example orthogonal to the axis of rotation AXROT.

Selon un autre aspect, le système de mesure de couple comporte au moins une paire 60 de capteurs 61,62. Chaque paire 60 de capteurs comprend un premier capteur 61 de mouvement rotatif dirigé vers la première roue codeuse 51 et un deuxième capteur 62 de mouvement rotatif dirigé vers la deuxième roue codeuse 52.In another aspect, the torque measuring system comprises at least one pair 60 of sensors 61,62. Each pair of sensors 60 comprises a first rotary motion sensor 61 directed towards the first coding wheel 51 and a second rotary motion sensor 62 directed towards the second coding wheel 52.

Par exemple, le système de mesure comporte une unique paire 60 de capteurs 61,62, ou au moins deux paires 60 de capteurs 61,62 ayant chacune un premier capteur coopérant avec la première roue codeuse 51 et un deuxième capteur coopérant avec la deuxième roue codeuse 52. Le premier capteur et le deuxième capteur d'une paire 60 de capteurs peuvent être identiques, et symétriques l'un de l'autre par rapport au plan médian 100.For example, the measuring system comprises a single pair 60 of sensors 61,62, or at least two pairs 60 of sensors 61,62 each having a first sensor cooperating with the first coding wheel 51 and a second sensor cooperating with the second wheel The first sensor and the second sensor of a pair of sensors 60 may be identical and symmetrical to one another relative to the median plane 100.

Par exemple, le premier capteur et/ou le deuxième capteur d'une paire 60 de capteurs est un capteur sans contact.For example, the first sensor and / or the second sensor of a pair of sensors 60 is a non-contact sensor.

En référence à la figure 3, un tel capteur peut être un capteur inductif 65. Un capteur inductif 65 peut comprendre un boîtier dans lequel est logé un aimant permanent 66. Cet aimant permanent 66 est en contact avec une tige polaire 67 qui est dirigée vers la roue codeuse. Un bobinage 68 entoure localement la tige polaire 67 et est relié à une cible électrique 69.With reference to the figure 3 such a sensor may be an inductive sensor 65. An inductive sensor 65 may comprise a housing in which a permanent magnet 66 is housed. This permanent magnet 66 is in contact with a polar rod 67 which is directed towards the coding wheel. A coil 68 locally surrounds the pole rod 67 and is connected to an electrical target 69.

Par ailleurs et en référence à la figure 1, le système de mesure de couple comporte un calculateur 70. Le calculateur 70 peut comprendre par exemple au moins un processeur, au moins un circuit intégré, au moins un système programmable, au moins un circuit logique, ces exemples ne limitant pas la portée donnée à l'expression « calculateur ».By the way and with reference to the figure 1 , the torque measuring system comprises a computer 70. The computer 70 may comprise for example at least one processor, at least one integrated circuit, at least one programmable system, at least one logic circuit, these examples not limiting the given scope to the expression "calculator".

Ainsi, la figure 1 illustre un calculateur ayant au moins un processeur 71 et au moins une unité de mémoire 72, le processeur exécutant des instructions mémorisées dans l'unité de mémoire 72. Le cas échéant, différents segments de code peuvent représenter des sous-ensembles 721, 722, 723, 724 du calculateur.So, the figure 1 illustrates a calculator having at least one processor 71 and at least one memory unit 72, the processor executing instructions stored in the memory unit 72. Where appropriate, different code segments may represent subsets 721, 722, 723, 724 of the calculator.

D'autres variantes usuelles sont envisageables. Par exemple un circuit logique peut comprendre diverses portions qui représentent des sous-ensembles du calculateur.Other usual variants are conceivable. For example, a logic circuit may comprise various portions that represent subsets of the computer.

Le calculateur 70 est en communication filaire ou non filaire avec chaque capteur 61, 62 de chaque paire 60 de capteurs.The computer 70 is in wired or non-wired communication with each sensor 61, 62 of each pair 60 of sensors.

De plus, le calculateur 70 peut être en communication filaire ou non filaire avec le senseur de température 75.In addition, the computer 70 may be in wired or non-wired communication with the temperature sensor 75.

Le calculateur 70 peut aussi être en communication filaire ou non filaire avec au moins un équipement 85 exploitant une mesure de couple transmise par le calculateur 70.The computer 70 can also be in wired or non-wired communication with at least one device 85 using a torque measurement transmitted by the computer 70.

Le calculateur 70 peut en outre être en communication filaire ou non filaire avec un système d'affichage 80 muni d'un écran 81, pour requérir l'affichage d'une donnée relative au couple, ou à la puissance, développée par le moteur à pistons 10.The computer 70 may also be in wired or non-wired communication with a display system 80 provided with a screen 81, to require the display of a data relating to the torque or the power developed by the motor. pistons 10.

Selon le procédé de l'invention, le premier capteur 61 d'une paire génère un premier signal 91 électrique en fonction de la vitesse de rotation du premier tronçon. Ce premier signal 91 est transmis au calculateur 70.According to the method of the invention, the first sensor 61 of a pair generates a first electrical signal 91 as a function of the speed of rotation of the first section. This first signal 91 is transmitted to the computer 70.

De même, le deuxième capteur 62 d'une paire génère un deuxième signal 92 électrique en fonction de la vitesse de rotation du deuxième tronçon. Ce deuxième signal 92 est transmis au calculateur 70.Similarly, the second sensor 62 of a pair generates a second electrical signal 92 as a function of the rotational speed of the second section. This second signal 92 is transmitted to the computer 70.

Le calculateur 70 quantifie alors un déphasage entre le premier signal 91 et le deuxième signal 92 par un procédé de traitement de signaux. Le calculateur 70 déduit de ce déphasage le couple transmis par l'arbre de torsion 20 à l'aide d'une loi prédéterminée lors du développement et/ou de la mise en service du moteur à pistons 10.The computer 70 then quantifies a phase shift between the first signal 91 and the second signal 92 by a signal processing method. The computer 70 derives from this phase shift the torque transmitted by the torsion shaft 20 by means of a predetermined law during the development and / or commissioning of the piston engine 10.

A cet effet, le calculateur peut comprendre un déphaseur 723 usuel pour déterminer ledit déphasage.For this purpose, the computer may include a conventional phase shifter 723 for determining said phase shift.

Le calculateur peut aussi comprendre un comparateur 724 pour obtenir la valeur du couple en fonction du déphasage déterminé. Ce comparateur peut par exemple prendre la forme d'une relation mathématique fournissant le couple en fonction du déphasage, d'un tableau de valeurs....The computer may also include a comparator 724 to obtain the value of the torque as a function of the determined phase shift. This comparator can for example take the form of a mathematical relationship providing the torque as a function of the phase shift, an array of values.

Le procédé de traitement de signaux peut comprendre une étape de filtrage réalisée avant l'étape de détermination d'un déphasage. Ainsi, le calculateur 70 peut comprendre un filtre 721 pour filtrer le premier signal 91 et le deuxième signal 92 avant de les comparer.The signal processing method may comprise a filtering step performed before the step of determining a phase shift. Thus, the computer 70 may comprise a filter 721 for filtering the first signal 91 and the second signal 92 before comparing them.

Le procédé de traitement de signaux peut comprendre une étape de correction réalisée avant l'étape de détermination d'un déphasage. Ainsi, le calculateur 70 peut comprendre un correcteur 722 pour corriger le premier signal 91 et le deuxième signal 92 en fonction de la température du lubrifiant relevée par le senseur de température 75. Ce correcteur peut par exemple prendre la forme d'une relation mathématique modifiant le premier signal et le deuxième signal en fonction de la température...The signal processing method may comprise a correction step performed before the step of determining a phase shift. Thus, the computer 70 may comprise a corrector 722 for correcting the first signal 91 and the second signal 92 as a function of the temperature of the lubricant detected by the temperature sensor 75. This corrector may for example take the form of a modifying mathematical relationship. the first signal and the second signal depending on the temperature ...

Selon un autre aspect, la figure 4 illustre un système de mesure de couple muni de deux paires 60 de capteurs 61,62 ayant chacune un premier capteur coopérant avec la première roue codeuse 51 et un deuxième capteur avec la deuxième roue codeuse 52.In another aspect, the figure 4 illustrates a torque measuring system provided with two pairs 60 of sensors 61, 62 each having a first sensor cooperating with the first coding wheel 51 and a second sensor with the second coding wheel 52.

Dès lors, le calculateur 70 peut être un calculateur dual. Ce calculateur 70 a ainsi un premier canal 73 estimant le couple transmis en communiquant avec une première paire de capteurs, et un deuxième canal 74 estimant le couple transmis en communiquant avec une deuxième paire de capteurs.Therefore, the computer 70 may be a dual calculator. This calculator 70 thus has a first channel 73 estimating the torque transmitted by communicating with a first pair of sensors, and a second channel 74 estimating the transmitted torque by communicating with a second pair of sensors.

Le calculateur comporte de plus une unité d'alerte 96 comparant la cohérence des couples déterminés par des méthodes usuelles dites « cross check » en langue anglaise.The calculator further comprises an alert unit 96 comparing the consistency of couples determined by usual methods called "cross check" in English.

Naturellement, la présente invention est sujette à de nombreuses variations quant à sa mise en oeuvre. Bien que plusieurs modes de réalisation aient été décrits, on comprend bien qu'il n'est pas concevable d'identifier de manière exhaustive tous les modes possibles. Il est bien sûr envisageable de remplacer un moyen décrit par un moyen équivalent sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention.Naturally, the present invention is subject to many variations as to its implementation. Although several embodiments have been described, it is well understood that it is not conceivable to exhaustively identify all the possible modes. It is of course conceivable to replace a means described by equivalent means without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (15)

  1. Piston engine (10) provided with a torque measuring system (50), said piston engine (10) comprising at least one row of pistons (11), said pistons (11) being connected to a crankshaft (15), said piston engine (10) comprising a torsion shaft (20), said torsion shaft (20) extending longitudinally along an axis of rotation (AXROT) at least of a first section (21) as far as a second section (22), a rotation of said crankshaft (15) causing a rotation of said torsion shaft (20) about said axis of rotation (AXROT), characterised in that said torque measuring system (50) comprises:
    - a first encoder wheel (51) disposed in the first section (21) and integral in rotation with the torsion shaft (20),
    - a second encoder wheel (52) disposed in the second section (22) and integral in rotation with the torsion shaft (20), the first encoder wheel (51) and the second encoder wheel (52) being distant from one from each other longitudinally,
    - at least one pair (60) of sensors (61,62), each pair (60) of sensors (61,62) comprising a first sensor (61) for rotary movement directed towards the first encoder wheel (51) and a second sensor (62) for rotary movement directed towards the second encoder wheel (52),
    - a computer (70) in communication with each pair (60) of sensors (61,62), the first sensor (61) of a pair of sensors transmitting a first measurement signal (91) to the computer (70) and the second sensor (62) of a pair transmitting a second measurement signal (92) to the computer (70), the computer (70) determining said torque as a function of a phase shift between the first signal (91) and the second signal (92).
  2. Piston engine according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one of the first sensor (61) and second sensor (62) is an inductive sensor (65).
  3. Piston engine according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that said computer (70) comprises a filter (721) for filtering a noise of the first signal (91) and the second signal (92).
  4. Piston engine according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that said piston engine (10) comprises a fluid lubrication system (95), said torque measuring system (50) comprises at least one temperature sensor (75) measuring a temperature of said fluid, said computer (70) comprising a corrector (722) for correcting said first signal (91) and said second signal (92) as a function of said temperature.
  5. Piston engine according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that said computer (70) comprises a phase shifter (723) for determining said phase shift and a comparator (724) for determining said torque as a function of said phase shift.
  6. Piston engine according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterised in that said torque measuring system (50) comprises two said pairs of sensors, said computer (70) comprising a two-channel computer comprising two channels (73, 74), and said two channels (73, 74) being in communication respectively with said two pairs of sensors, said computer (70) having a warning unit (96) for comparing the torque determined by each channel and generating an alert in case of dissimilarities.
  7. Piston engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
    characterised in that said torsion shaft (20) has an angular offset of between 8 and 12 degrees between the first portion and the second portion when the piston engine develops maximum output.
  8. Piston engine according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
    characterised in that the first encoder wheel (51) and the second encoder wheel (52) each comprise a toothed wheel with a succession of teeth (53) and valleys (54).
  9. Piston engine according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
    characterised in that said piston engine (10) comprises a first row (12) of pistons at an angle (α) to a second row (13) of pistons, and said torsion shaft (20) is arranged between the first row (12) of pistons and the second row (13) of pistons.
  10. Vehicle equipped with a driving device (5),
    characterised in that said driving device (5) comprises at least one piston engine (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
  11. Vehicle according to claim 10, characterised in that said vehicle is an aircraft (1) provided with a rotor (2), said rotor (2) projecting outside a cell (4) to participate at least partially in the suspension and/or propulsion of this aircraft (1), said driving device (5) rotating said rotor (2).
  12. Vehicle according to claim 10, characterised in that said vehicle is an aircraft (1) provided with a pusher or tractor propeller, said driving device (5) rotating said propeller.
  13. Method of measuring a torque generated by a piston engine (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in which the following steps are taken:
    - transmitting a first signal (91) varying as a function of a rotational speed of the first encoder wheel (51) about the axis of rotation (AXROT), and transmitting a second signal (92) varying as a function of a speed of rotation of the second encoder wheel (52) about the axis of rotation (AXROT),
    - determining a phase shift between the first signal (91) and the second signal (92),
    - determining said torque by converting said phase shift into torque using a predetermined law.
  14. Method according to claim 13, characterised in that prior to the step of determining a phase shift, the first signal (91) and the second signal (92) are filtered to remove measurement noise.
  15. Method according to either of claims 13 or 14,
    characterised in that said piston engine (10) comprises an oil lubrication system (95), said torque measuring system (50) comprising at least one temperature sensor (75) measuring a temperature of said oil, prior to the step of determining a phase shift, the first signal (91) and the second signal (92) being corrected as a function of said temperature according to a predetermined correction.
EP17206109.5A 2017-02-21 2017-12-08 Piston engine having a torque measurement system, vehicle provided with said engine, and method used by said engine Active EP3364011B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17206109T PL3364011T3 (en) 2017-02-21 2017-12-08 Piston engine having a torque measurement system, vehicle provided with said engine, and method used by said engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1700171A FR3063107B1 (en) 2017-02-21 2017-02-21 PISTON ENGINE HAVING A TORQUE MEASURING SYSTEM, VEHICLE PROVIDED WITH THIS MOTOR, AND METHOD USED THEREBY

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EP3364011A1 EP3364011A1 (en) 2018-08-22
EP3364011B1 true EP3364011B1 (en) 2019-06-19

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EP17206109.5A Active EP3364011B1 (en) 2017-02-21 2017-12-08 Piston engine having a torque measurement system, vehicle provided with said engine, and method used by said engine

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EP (1) EP3364011B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3063107B1 (en)
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Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1503356A (en) * 1922-11-11 1924-07-29 Samuel T Elliott Propeller drive
US1816216A (en) * 1930-05-21 1931-07-28 Ford Motor Co Airplane
DE562354C (en) * 1931-01-22 1932-10-29 E H Hugo Junkers Dr Ing Device for damping torsional vibrations for the drive of flywheels, such as propellers or the like.
PL340314A1 (en) * 2000-05-24 2001-12-03 Zaklady Mechaniczne Pzl Wola S Torisonal vibration damping unit for a diesel engine power transmission system
US6883752B2 (en) * 2001-11-14 2005-04-26 Brp-Rotax Gmbh & Co. Kg. Vibration damper for aircraft engine
FR2960518B1 (en) * 2010-05-31 2012-05-04 Eurocopter France AIRCRAFT ENGINE INSTALLATION, AIRCRAFT AND METHOD FOR USING A PISTON ENGINE IN A POWER PLANT EQUIPPED WITH A CONVENTIONAL TRANSMISSION BOX

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3063107A1 (en) 2018-08-24
EP3364011A1 (en) 2018-08-22
FR3063107B1 (en) 2019-04-19
PL3364011T3 (en) 2019-10-31

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