EP3359931A1 - Device and system for remote sensing - Google Patents
Device and system for remote sensingInfo
- Publication number
- EP3359931A1 EP3359931A1 EP16778364.6A EP16778364A EP3359931A1 EP 3359931 A1 EP3359931 A1 EP 3359931A1 EP 16778364 A EP16778364 A EP 16778364A EP 3359931 A1 EP3359931 A1 EP 3359931A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- remote sensing
- sensing device
- sensor
- spectral
- matrix
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0208—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0278—Control or determination of height or angle information for sensors or receivers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0286—Constructional arrangements for compensating for fluctuations caused by temperature, humidity or pressure, or using cooling or temperature stabilization of parts of the device; Controlling the atmosphere inside a spectrometer, e.g. vacuum
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0289—Field-of-view determination; Aiming or pointing of a spectrometer; Adjusting alignment; Encoding angular position; Size of measurement area; Position tracking
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0291—Housings; Spectrometer accessories; Spatial arrangement of elements, e.g. folded path arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
- G01J3/36—Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
- G01J3/50—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors
- G01J3/51—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors using colour filters
- G01J3/513—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors using colour filters having fixed filter-detector pairs
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
- G01J2003/2806—Array and filter array
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
- G01J2003/2826—Multispectral imaging, e.g. filter imaging
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a remote sensing device, in particular for monitoring the evolution of agricultural crops.
- the present invention relates more particularly to a remote sensing device and a remote sensing system associated with it on the ground in a fixed position.
- remote sensing is a process consisting essentially of taking images over several spectral bands in order to extract relevant information on scanned cultures.
- remote sensing it is known to carry out the remote sensing processes by means of sensors embedded on board satellites, planes, ULM or drones, or by means of sensors on the ground. fixed station.
- the combination of information recovered over several spectral bands makes it possible to create vegetation indices that can be used to estimate the state of the scanned cultures.
- these vegetation indices can be used to estimate biomass, leaf density, chlorophyll content or other information related to the scanned cultures.
- the recording of remote sensing images over several spectral bands is achieved by separating the optical source into several optical paths, each incorporating an objective, a sensor and an optical filter associated and specific to a single spectral band.
- conventional systems require up to four different optical channels, or even more, for filtering light, for example in the visible and / or near-infrared domains.
- Such conventional systems require complex precision mechanics to implement and are also difficult to miniaturize in view of the space required for the incorporation of the different optical channels, sensors and associated filters.
- a remote sensing device in particular for monitoring the evolution of agricultural crops, comprising a single optical channel, and a plurality of elementary sensors arranged according to a matrix of predetermined shape, in which each elementary sensor is a multi-spectral sensor, in particular sensitive on a plurality of spectral bands, preferably at least on a spectral band in the visible range (B, V, R) and a spectral band in the near infrared (IR).
- the remote sensing device satisfies the aforementioned problem by keeping only one optical channel and integrating the optical filters in each of the elementary sensors of the camera.
- the present invention proposes to use only one optical channel with a single integrated sensor, or mosaic of sensors, including the necessary filters in an integrated manner.
- the present invention allows to have all the information in one shot.
- the present invention makes it possible to directly obtain a single image comprising the information in all the spectral bands studied at once.
- the remote sensing device may therefore comprise a sensor of the type normally used for colorimetry, making it possible to recover information associated with several spectral bands on each element of the sensor at the same time.
- the simplification of the device which includes only one optical channel and a single sensor incorporating all the filters, makes it possible to overcome the multiple individual calibrations required in the case of conventional remote sensing devices comprising several optical channels.
- the present invention also advantageously makes it possible to overcome any prism or separating plate or similar device conventionally used to separate an optical source into several channels.
- the present invention also to overcome the filters conventionally associated with each of the optical paths. Consequently, the present invention makes it possible to make a remote sensing device more compact and simpler than the remote sensing devices known from the state of the art.
- the matrix of multispectral elementary sensors may be provided with a geometry function of the shooting form.
- the size of the matrix of elementary sensors so that, in a preferred embodiment, its height corresponds to the two extreme points of view of the system.
- the elementary sensors can be arranged substantially coplanarly. It is therefore possible to easily reproduce an essentially flat scanned surface, such as the surface of a field of agricultural crops.
- the single optical channel may comprise an optical element, preferably of the convergent type, for example an objective of the type comprising a convergent lens, and the matrix of multispectral elementary sensors may be arranged on a focal plane of said element. optical.
- the present invention advantageously allows to have only one optical channel.
- the width of the matrix may then be about twice the focal length of said optical element. Since the shooting height is low compared to the maximum distance of analysis, the inclination of the optical axis must be measured in order to correct the position of the distant pixels.
- the remote sensing device may further comprise a housing, preferably light-tight, provided such that the optical element is mounted frontally on an opening of said housing, and an electronic board mounted on a bottom of said housing opposite said optical element and supporting the matrix of elementary sensors.
- a compact and lightweight device can be made, which can be adapted to remote sensing embedded on satellite, aircraft, ULM, drone or other air medium, but also to remote sensing ground stationary.
- the outside of the housing can be configured to produce a Faraday cage, thus protecting the inside of the housing from lightning.
- Such protection is particularly advantageous when the remote sensing device according to the present invention is used in a ground system fixed station, high, preferably of the order of 5 to 6 m minimum.
- the housing would be of plastic or the like, it may be advantageous to attach strips of conductive material to the outside of the housing.
- the remote sensing device may comprise one, in particular a single control unit. It is therefore possible to analyze the data recovered by the matrix of multispectral elementary sensors and to control other electronic elements using the same control unit.
- a stationary ground type remote sensing system comprising a remote sensing device according to the present invention mounted on a mast. Because of its compactness and simplicity, the remote sensing device according to the present invention is particularly suitable for installation in a fixed station on the ground.
- the remote sensing device is rotatably mounted on the mast. It is therefore possible to scan a surface easily by installing the system at the center of the surface to be scanned.
- the shooting can be performed by a succession of contiguous sectors, in particular 90 °, which ensures a good compromise between the geometric aberration of the wide angle and the reduced number of shots needed to cover a control area.
- a remote sensing system comprising the remote sensing device according to the present invention
- basic elements of a weather station can be integrated outside the housing of the device, and a transfer of information can be realized by a magnet.
- the remote sensing system may therefore further include an integrated airspeed sensor.
- the remote sensing system may therefore further include a rain sensor.
- the remote sensing device may further comprise at least one magnetic sensor, and the airspeed sensor and / or the rain sensor may comprise a magnetized zone.
- the magnetic field of said magnetized zone can control an electronic component in order to output an electronic signal in relation to the angular position of the airspeed sensor and / or the rain sensor.
- the remote sensing system and the remote sensing device comprise a single control unit
- the electronic signals can be analyzed by the single control unit.
- the present invention thus further simplifies and saves space and material cost over conventional remote sensing systems.
- the entire remote sensing system in particular the remote sensing device, can be at very low energy.
- the transfer of the multi-spectral images can be done by hertzian transmission, preferably by Bluetooth.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an example of an embodiment of a remote sensing device according to the present invention, in cross sections according to a front view and a side view;
- FIG. 2 diagrammatically illustrates an example of different wavelengths perceived by an elementary sensor of a matrix of elementary sensors
- - Figure 3 schematically illustrates an example of an embodiment of the installation of a remote sensing device according to the present invention
- - Figures 4a and 4b schematically illustrate the geometric perception acquired by the sensor of a remote sensing device according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a block diagram of an embodiment of a remote sensing device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 schematically illustrates an example of integration of a weather station according to an aspect of an embodiment of a remote sensing device on the present invention.
- FIG 1 schematically illustrates, in a cross-section according to a front view (left in Figure 1) and a side view (right in Figure 1), respectively, an example of an embodiment of a remote sensing device 20 according to one aspect of the present invention.
- the matrix 8 of multi-spectral elementary sensors 8 is coupled to a single optical input channel which, in a preferred embodiment, can be realized by an optical element. 4, in the direction of the optical axis 5.
- the optic element 4 may preferably be an objective or simply a lens or any convergent type of optical element, in the following an objective 4 on the optical axis 5 , said box 21 may advantageously be hermetically sealed to light, and furthermore comprise an electronic card 3 integrating the elementary sensors 8 ⁇ and keeping them preferably at the focal length of the objective 4, on a wall of the box 21 opposite to the input or single optical path formed by the direction of the optical axis 5 of the lens 4.
- the matrix 8 of 8xy elementary sensors coplanarly.
- the electronic card 3 can therefore advantageously maintain the matrix 8 essentially on a focal plane of the objective 4, as is apparent from the cross section on the right-hand part of FIG.
- the elementary sensors 8 can be arranged according to a matrix 8 of predetermined size so that the dimension in the width direction can be about twice the focal length of the lens 4 in order to have a field of 90 °, and the perpendicular dimension in the direction of the height can correspond to the two extreme points of view 6 and 7 .
- the remote sensing device 20 frees itself from physical filters, as well as prism (s) and / or separator blade (s), since it comprises a matrix 8 of elementary sensors 8 ⁇ multi-spectral associated with the unique optical input channel.
- Each of the elementary sensors 8 ⁇ can thus integrate several filters adapted to different predetermined wavelength bands, adjustable according to the need of the measurement to be made.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing schematically an exemplary and non-limiting selection of filters R, V, B in the visible range and IR in the near infrared, the abscissa of the graph representing the wavelengths of the different filters, and FIG. ordinate of the graph representing the normalized ratio of perceived values.
- Each of the elementary sensors 8 ⁇ of the matrix 8 may therefore advantageously comprise such a set of integrated filters.
- the optical path that is to say the geometry of the objective 4, as well as the geometry of the matrix 8 so that d 0 is of the order of 2 m, and that d n be of the order of 50 m, for a mast height H of about 5 to 6 m minimum.
- the field of view can thus advantageously correspond to a triangle 11 of dimensions d n * 2 d n on a plane 1 of scanned cultures.
- the triangle 11 can be of dimensions corresponding to about 50 m ⁇ 100 m. It is then possible, by associating the remote sensing device 20 with a rotating means 12, to rotate the shooting of an angle equivalent to the angle of view to cover plan 1 in its entirety.
- the remote sensing device 20 mounted on the mast 2 at the position 0 can successively scan the triangle 1 1 of base AB, then, according to the direction of the desired rotation, hourly or counterclockwise, allotted by means of rotation 12, those of base BC, CD and DA or DA, CD and BC, respectively. Still in the above example, it is therefore possible to cover an area of the order of one hectare (100 m * 100 m) by successive rotations 90 ° of the remote sensing device 20 associated with the rotating means 12.
- the block diagram of Figure 5 details an example of an embodiment of the operation of a remote sensing device according to the present invention. It may therefore be the remote sensing device 20 previously described embodiments or a variant or another embodiment.
- the shooting can be done along the optical axis 5 and can then be transmitted to the matrix 8 of elementary sensors. multi-spectral 8 ⁇ via a single input optical channel, here the objective 4.
- the electronic card 3 can support and drive the 8xy elementary sensors to extract information from spectral intensity of each of the scanned sources.
- This information can be transmitted to a general control unit 23 which can then transmit to a user this formatted information by means of a transmission unit 25, for example by radio, infrared or other wired or wireless network, in particular by Bluetooth .
- the general control unit 23 can also manage the rotation control, notably at the end of the shooting cycle, via position control units 27a to 27d.
- the general control unit 23 can also retrieve orientation information 26. (compass) and / or tilt and / or albedo, in order to apply the necessary corrections to the information sent.
- the energy required for these different units can be recovered by a power receiver 24, as shown in FIG. induction or solar collector.
- the remote sensing device 20 and the associated remote sensing system can be autonomous.
- All the units described above in relation to the example illustrated in FIG. 5 can be preferably grouped together in the box 21, which can be mobile about a vertical axis of rotation, here the mast 2, as described in relation in Figure 3, and driven by a motor 35, also shown in Figure 5.
- another part 22, which can be fixed, in particular with respect to the mast 2 can include an electronic unit 30 integrating a controller 31 able to drive the motor. 35 via a motor control unit 33 as a function of information from the position sensor 36 exchanged via an input / output unit 32, ie I / O.
- This electronic unit 30 can then receive energy via an external power supply cable 37 and send this energy back to the receiver 24 at high frequency by means of a power transfer unit 34.
- the rotating units (box) 21 and stationary 22 may be electrically connected and may be covered with electrically conductive areas 38, for example copper strips or other electrically conductive material, in order to provide a grounding and / or a Faraday cage to protect against lightning strikes, especially when the remote sensing device 20 is mounted on a mast 2 at least 5 or 6 m from the ground.
- electrically conductive areas 38 for example copper strips or other electrically conductive material
- FIG. 6 represents another example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which elements of a weather station are integrated in the remote sensing device 20, in particular to the structure of the box 21, which advantageously makes it possible to eliminate external cabling and use the same single 23 controller for these related functions.
- this arrangement can therefore be combined with a ground remote sensing system fixed station as described above so as to achieve a station integrating remote sensing and weather.
- a rain gauge 40 with a cup 43, comprising a receptacle 44 can oscillate a magnet 41 in front of a magnetic sensor 42 arranged inside the cabinet 21 and can be connected to the single control unit 23.
- an anemometer 47 having one of its blades different from the other (s) may make it possible to measure the wind speed as well as its direction with the aid of a magnet 45 and a magnetic sensor 46, the latter can also be arranged inside the box 21 and be connected to the single control unit 23.
- the present invention makes it possible to dispense with conventional systems combining several optical paths of conventional systems comprising multiple lenses or separating optics such as prisms or splitter plates, in which each resulting optical path is associated with a single spectral band.
- conventional systems comprising multiple lenses or separating optics such as prisms or splitter plates, in which each resulting optical path is associated with a single spectral band.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1559564A FR3042271B1 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2015-10-08 | REMOTE SENSING DEVICE AND SYSTEM |
PCT/EP2016/073968 WO2017060409A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2016-10-07 | Device and system for remote sensing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3359931A1 true EP3359931A1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
Family
ID=55361612
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16778364.6A Pending EP3359931A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2016-10-07 | Device and system for remote sensing |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3359931A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3042271B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017060409A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5231876A (en) * | 1991-05-17 | 1993-08-03 | Peet Bros. Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for wind speed and direction measurement |
JP4409860B2 (en) * | 2003-05-28 | 2010-02-03 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Spectrometer using photodetector |
WO2009009077A2 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-15 | Nanolambda, Inc. | Digital filter spectrum sensor |
FR2979989B1 (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2016-01-08 | Fb Technology | MOBILE CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR AIRBAG BEAMS |
WO2014041742A1 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-20 | パナソニック株式会社 | Solid-state imaging device and camera module |
US9823128B2 (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2017-11-21 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona | Multispectral imaging based on computational imaging and a narrow-band absorptive filter array |
-
2015
- 2015-10-08 FR FR1559564A patent/FR3042271B1/en active Active
-
2016
- 2016-10-07 EP EP16778364.6A patent/EP3359931A1/en active Pending
- 2016-10-07 WO PCT/EP2016/073968 patent/WO2017060409A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017060409A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
FR3042271A1 (en) | 2017-04-14 |
FR3042271B1 (en) | 2019-12-20 |
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