EP3343089A1 - Lighting device and vehicle light equipped with the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A luminous means (01) with at least one light source (02) and with an optical element arrangement (03) arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source (02) is described. The optical element arrangement (03) comprises two planar microoptical structure grids (30, 31, 32) arranged one behind the other in the optical path. Each of the two microoptical structure grids (30, 31, 32) comprises optical microstructures (33) arranged in a periodically recurring, regular pattern. In addition, a vehicle lamp (100) is described with a lamp housing (103) at least partially enclosed by a lamp housing (101) and a lens (102). The lamp interior (103) accommodates at least in part at least one illuminating means (01) which contributes to the fulfillment of at least one light function of the vehicle lamp (100) or at least predetermines a light distribution of at least one light function of the vehicle lamp (100).

Description

The invention relates to a lighting device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a vehicle lamp equipped with at least one such lighting device according to the preamble of claim 12.

In particular, the invention is concerned with improving the visibility and perceptibility of one or more light functions of a vehicle lamp, in particular a tail lamp for a motor vehicle and the opening of new design options by generating a depth effect.

A vehicle lamp comprises, for example, a luminaire interior that is wholly or partially surrounded by a luminaire housing and a lens, and at least one illuminant that accommodates at least one light source for at least one light function of the vehicle luminaire.

Each vehicle lamp fulfills one or more tasks or functions depending on the design. To fulfill each task or function, a light function of the vehicle lamp is provided. Lighting functions, for example, in one embodiment as a headlamp a function illuminating the road, or in a configuration as a signal light a signal function, such as a Wiederholblinklichtfunktion to turn signal or a brake light function to display a braking action, or eg a limiting light function, such as a taillight function, to ensure a Visibility of the vehicle during the day and / or night, such as in a design as tail light or daytime running light. Examples of vehicle lights are the Fahrzeugbug, on the vehicle flanks and / or on the side mirrors arranged flashing lights, exit lights, such as ambient lighting, marker lights, brake lights, fog lamps, reversing lights, and typically high set third brake lights, so-called Central, High-Mounted Braking lights, daytime running lights, headlamps and fog lights used as turning or cornering lights, as well as combinations thereof.

Each light function must fulfill an example prescribed by law light distribution. The light distribution sets at least to be observed, colloquially known as brightness luminous flux in at least to be observed solid angle ranges.

For the individual lighting functions, there are sometimes different brightnesses or visibility ranges and, in some cases, different light colors.

At least one light source of a luminous means of a vehicle lamp can be assigned one or more optical elements contributing to the formation of a light distribution for directing the light.

The lens is formed by a transparent cover which is usually made of a plastic material today, which closes off the interior of the lamp and protects the components housed therein, such as one or more lamps, reflectors and alternatively or additionally provided optical elements against the effects of weathering.

The luminaire housing or the interior of the luminaire can be subdivided into a plurality of chambers, each with its own light sources and / or illuminants and / or optical elements and, if appropriate, light disks, of which several chambers can be identical and / or each chamber can fulfill a different lighting function.

The optical elements mentioned can be at least one reflector and / or at least one lens and / or one or more optical disks or the like arranged in the beam path between at least one light source of the luminous means and the light disk.

For example, at least one reflector arranged behind at least one light source of at least one luminous means can be accommodated in the luminaire interior. The reflector may be formed at least in part by a separate component and / or by at least one part of the luminaire housing itself, for example by means of an at least partially reflective coating.

The lens itself may alternatively or additionally be formed as an optical element, for example by preferably having on its inner side with a contributing to the production of one or more of the aforementioned light distributions optical structure is provided. This may possibly be dispensed with an optical disk.

Examples of vehicle lights are the Fahrzeugbug, on the vehicle flanks and / or on the side mirrors and arranged at the rear of vehicle rear lights, exit lights, such as ambient lighting, marker lights, brake lights, fog lamps, reversing lights, and typically high set third brake lights, so-called Central, High-Mounted Braking lights, daytime running lights, headlamps and fog lights used as turning or cornering lights, as well as combinations thereof.

Such a combination is realized, for example, regularly in the known taillights. These include, for example, repeating flashing lights, marker lights, brake lights, fog lights and reversing lights are used to name just one of many realized in tail lights combinations. Neither does this enumeration claim to be complete, nor does this mean that in a tail light all the aforementioned lights must be combined. Thus, for example, only two or three of the mentioned or else other lights in a common luminaire housing a tail light be combined.

In order to increase the perceptibility or perception of light functions of a vehicle light for other road users is known to revive them within the legally permitted limits.

A well-known example is so-called dynamic lighting functions, in which the time allowed by law, which requires an incandescent lamp as a legally permitted light source of a light intended to fulfill a light function to reach its full luminosity, is used to achieve a visual effect ,

An example of such a visual effect is the wiping in the direction of the direction of an intended turn signal in a re-turn light function of a turn signal. Investigations have shown that this increases the traffic safety, since by the wiping already at the beginning of the perception of the light function by other road users by the Light function indicated intended direction change is recognized by the other road users.

Furthermore, it is known that illuminated displays, for example, warning displays displayed in a dashboard of a vehicle that seem to jump towards the viewer with their illumination are perceived by its apparent movement to the viewer of this particularly well and alert him, even if his view is not is aimed directly at an area in which the warning display is displayed. They therefore result in an increased power of perception.

By Dr. Michael Kleinkes et al, "Three-dimensional lighting effects New possibilities for innovative lighting functions" ATZelektronik, Issue 5, 01.10.2013 , Rear lights are known to produce a semitransparent mirrors with low depth of the optical element visually a depth effect.

By Martin Mügge, "Holographic Optics for Signallights - Concepts, Styling &Challenges" ISAL 2015 Proceedings, pp. 545-554 , the generation of optical depth in taillights is known with holograms.

By DE 10 2014 218 540 A1 It is known to provide a sparkling effect of a light function of a vehicle lamp by at least three light sources arranged at different positions in conjunction with an optical element comprising a plurality of facet faces, for example a reflector having a plurality of differently formed facets, the direction of the light sources being directed from the individual light sources in the direction the facet surfaces outgoing light rays are variable by the facet surfaces. The positions and / or orientations of the facet surfaces relative to the positions of the light sources are arranged so that a viewer in an observation position outside the luminaire interior when looking at the lens a emitted from a first light source and in his direction by a first facet surface at a first Reaches a facet position and / or facet alignment, a light beam emitted from a second light source and modified in its direction by a second facet face in a second facet position and / or facet orientation, and a light emitted by a third light source and in its direction by a third facet face achieved at a third facet position and / or facet alignment changed light beam. Through a sequential, alternating activation of the light sources, the sparkling effect is obtained. The sparkling effect can be superimposed by a depth effect by a light and / or optical disk is arranged with other optical elements in the beam path of the facet surfaces to the viewer. As a result, the sparkle effect can be perceived in two depth planes, a rear plane formed by the facet surfaces, when the light beams deflected by the facet surfaces penetrate the light and / or optical disk past the further optical elements, and a front one, through the further optical elements level formed when the deflected by the facet surfaces light rays meet the other optical elements and undergo a redirection.

A true three-dimensional impression or a spatial image reproduction in the sense of a representation of a structure with a depth effect is thus not possible.

By DE 10 2009 020 593 A1 is designed as a vehicle headlight vehicle lamp with an imaging optics known, which is intended to project an edge that limits a luminous flux of a light source of the vehicle lamp, as a cut-off in the vehicle apron. To generate the defined light-dark boundary, an interface of a component of the imaging optics through which the luminous flux passes is provided with over a hundred discrete microstructures distributed discretely across the interface. The microstructures referred to as overhead elements are local deformations of the interface with a prismatic effect.

By DE 103 33 370 A1 For example, a lens for generating a light-dark boundary for a light function of a vehicle lamp is known. The lens has a diffractive structure on at least one of its surfaces. The diffractive structure is arranged substantially in the non-deflected region of the lens. A hologram can be arranged on a remaining surface area which is free of the diffractive structure, by means of which, in conjunction with a laser beam arranged behind a diaphragm, an image which is subsequently also visible on the road can be projected onto the lens of the vehicle lamp.

By DE 10 2013 008 192 A1 is a vehicle lamp with a light source known, which for generating a depth effect several consecutively arranged light source carrier, each having a plurality of individually controllable light sources comprises.

In addition, for generating a depth effect or projecting over the lens of a vehicle lamp projecting effect is known to provide a backlit by at least one light source provided for the fulfillment of the corresponding light function or a predetermined light distribution of the light function illuminating illuminating means, which at one from outside the luminaire interior observers looking at the lens produce an autostereoscopic effect with a corresponding depth effect or protruding effect.

The raster image shows the eyes of a viewer separate, different, stereoscopic images of views of an object, in whose spatial shape the light function then appears to the viewer.

Autostereoscopy and the autostereoscopic effect associated therewith is a three-dimensional, visual representation of an image of an object, whereby a depth impression of the reproduced spatial shape of the object is obtained by stereoscopic vision. Autostereoscopy needs no aids right in front of the eyes.

Stereoscopic vision, also referred to as spatial vision, conveys a real, quantifiable perception of depth and the spatial effect of the external space through a two-eyed observation of objects.

If this technique of autostereoscopic effect is used in conjunction with light functions in vehicle lights, a significantly increased perception of the light functions can be achieved by generating high depth effect with low space requirement.

The autostereoscopic effect can be obtained by a raster image in the form of a lenticular image also called lenticular or prismatic raster image, or obtained by a halftone image in parallax barrier technique.

A lenticular image, also referred to as a lenticular or prismatic raster image, is a rendering of an object using tiny optical lenses or prisms a three-dimensional, spatial impression of the object that can be perceived without optical aids is generated. This is also called autostereoscopic effect. For a lenticular image, at least two images or images of the object, which correspond to the object view at eye relief or were taken at eye relief, are needed. These are positioned in the form of two or more image strips under each lenticular lens. The image strips extend along the lenticular lens.

A lenticular lens is an elongate, lenticular element, for example, as part of the surface of a backlit optical or light disk formed by a partial surface of a circular cylinder or provided by a partial surface of a circular cylinder. In a cross section normal to the longitudinal extent of the lenticular lens is formed circular arc convex.

The longitudinal extent of the lenticular lenses in the installed state of the vehicle lamp when looking from outside the lamp interior through the lens through vertical or corresponds to an arrangement normal to an imaginary, the eyes of a viewer connecting line.

In order to achieve a three-dimensional impression, even with a halftone image in parallax barrier technique two images composed of a plurality of pixels or image strips are simultaneously visible, whereby the light of individual pixels or image strips is deflected in different directions and, for example by obliquely placed stripe masks as parallax barriers each eye reaches another image generated by the pixels or strips visible by the respective eye.

Lenticular lens structures are easy to produce and can be used to display arbitrary images with a three-dimensional appearance.

Disadvantages of lenticular lens structures are that the three-dimensional appearance occurs only in the horizontal direction. In addition, the viewing angle is limited, the image always jumps from a three-dimensional appearance in a new three-dimensional appearance with a change in the angle.

The parallax barrier technique allows the reproduction of arbitrary spatial representations. A disadvantage is the high design complexity associated with high costs. In addition, the disadvantages of a limited viewing angle as well as the jumping of the image with a change of the viewing angle from a three-dimensional appearance to a new three-dimensional appearance continue to occur.

An object of the invention is to provide a light source, which makes it possible to inexpensively fulfill a light function of a vehicle lamp with a high perception power for other road users along with an increase in traffic safety and to provide a vehicle light equipped with at least one corresponding light source.

The object is solved by the features of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments are set forth in the claims, the drawings and the following description, including those associated with the drawings.

A first subject of the invention accordingly relates to a luminous means having at least one light source and having an optical element arrangement arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source.

The optical element arrangement, which is illuminated rearwardly from at least one arbitrary light source by a viewer who looks at the optical element arrangement in the further course of the optical path, comprises two planar microoptical structure grids arranged one after the other in the optical path for generating three-dimensional effects for a viewer looking towards the optical element arrangement in the further course of the optical path ,

In this case, each of the two microoptical structure grids comprises optical microstructures arranged in a periodically recurring, regular pattern within the surface which it respectively forms.

In this way, a depth effect both in the warm state, in which the at least one light source emits light at least within the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum visible by the human eye, as well as in the cold state, in which a radiation of light is omitted, obtained from all viewing or viewing angles, which is visually indistinguishable from a true three-dimensional arrangement.

Both microoptical structure patterns preferably have periodically recurring, regular patterns within the surface which they respectively define.

The pattern or patterns may provide for a regular arrangement of the optical microstructures in right-angled rows and columns.

The pattern (s) may provide a nested arrangement of the optical microstructures in slanting rows and columns.

The optical microstructures can have hexagonal expansions, at least in a surface that is spanned by them.

The optical microstructures can adjoin one another directly between them without gaps.

Irrespective of their arrangement, the optical microstructures can adjoin one another directly or without gaps or even have gaps between them.

The microoptical structure grid may, for example, comprise at least one microoptical structure grid plate and / or a microoptical structure grid with optical microstructures applied thereto and / or incorporated therein, preferably regularly, periodically recurring, such as optical lenses or printed patterns.

According to an advantageous embodiment, at least one microoptical structure grid is arranged in the focal plane of the optical microstructures of the remaining microoptical structure grid.

Preferably, the optical microstructures are formed by microlenses.

A particularly pronounced depth effect occurs when at least approximately in the focal plane of the optical, for example, lenses or microlenses comprehensive optical microstructures of, for example, as a lenticular grid plate and / or foil or as a micro-lens grid plate and / or film formed first micro-optic pattern preferably periodically recurring arranged periodically arranged optical microstructures, such as geometrically arranged optical lenses or printing patterns, the remaining, second micro-optic structure grid are arranged.

For example, the optical microstructures forming the second microoptical structure grid, such as lenses or printed patterns, in a certain period and geometric arrangement, for example, on a surface opposite the surface provided with the optical microstructures of the first microoptical structure grid of the same, in the optical path of the emitted light from the light source arranged optical elements, such as on opposite surfaces of an optical disc arranged in the optical path, or various, arranged in the optical path of the light emitted from the light source optical elements, such as a light guide element and an optical disc or an inner side of a lens, be applied. This results in an enlarged, virtual image of the optical microstructures of the second microoptical structure grid formed, for example, by lenses and / or printing patterns, which is evidently above or below the first microoptical structure grid comprising, for example, a lens raster plane.

The appearance of the image depends on the focal length, the size and the period of the optical microstructures of the first microoptical structure grid formed, for example, as a lenticular grid or its diametral microstructure.

The size of the period is linked to the visual depth. This makes it possible to reproduce large patterns in the background and small ones in the front.

An image of large patterns takes place from the perspective of a counter to the optical path of the light emitted from the light source on the first micro-optic grid structure looking observer in the background in comparison to imaging smaller patterns greater distance from the optical microstructures of the example designed as a lenticular first micro-optic structure grid.

In contrast, a small pattern image is taken from the viewpoint of a light directed against the optical path of the light emitted by the light source onto the first one In the foreground, as compared to imaging large patterns at a smaller distance from the optical microstructures of the first microoptical structure grid formed, for example, as a lenticular grid.

Advantageously, at least the optical microstructures of at least the optical microstructures of the first microoptical structure grid to be imaged by the optical microstructures of the first microoptical structure grid, preferably in the focal plane of the lenses or microlenses, for example, are designed as a lenticular plate and / or foil or as a microlens raster plate and / or foil Microoptikstrukturenrasters lying second micro-optic structure grid have a three-dimensional spatial extent.

If the optical microstructures of the second microstructure pattern, which are preferably embodied in the focal plane of, for example, lenses or microlenses, are to be imaged by the optical microstructures of the first microoptical structure grid, for example, the optical microstructures of the second microstructure grid formed, for example, as a lenticular grid plate and / or foil or as a microlens grid plate and / or foil Microoptical structure grid itself not have, for example, produced by a printing process surface, but one, for example, by a stamping process producible spatial structure, the virtual image receives an additional spatial appearance.

The micro-optic structure grids may be formed by or comprise microlens structure grids.

An advantageous development provides for the realization of the micro-optic structure grid under the term microstructural sheet summarized transparent films or plates with opposite one or embossed or laminated or printed optical microstructures, such as microlenses.

The light source can additionally individually or in any combination, for example for generating and / or contributing to a light function legally prescribed light distribution / necessary light deflection with each other one or more briefly referred to as optical fiber light guide elements and / or one or more direct and / or indirect reflectors and / or one or more lens systems and / or one or more diffusers.

The optical surface of the microoptical structure grid formed by the focal points of all optical microstructures, for example a first microoptical structure grid forming the front side of a microstructure arch, preferably lies on a side of the microstructure arch facing away from the observer, corresponding to the light source side, for example on the rear side facing away from the observer.

Within the focal surface, the optical microstructures of the second microoptical structure grid are advantageously located. The optical microstructures of the second microoptical structure grid can be arranged on the opposite back side of the microstructure arch.

In principle, the microstructures can be arranged on two sheets produced independently of one another.

The focal surface can be flat or curved two- or three-dimensional.

The optical microstructures may be three-dimensional or two-dimensional.

In this case, an orthogonal arrangement of the optical microstructures may be provided within one or both microoptical structures grid.

Alternatively or additionally, a nested arrangement of the optical microstructures may be provided within one or both microoptical structures grid.

The nested optical microstructures of one or both of the microoptical structures can form hexagonal structures.

The optical microstructures of the microoptical structure grid removed from the light source may be applied to the inside of a lens.

Alternatively, the optical microstructures of the microoptical structure grid removed from the light source may be applied to the front or back surface of an optical disk.

The optical microstructures of both micro-optic structures grid can be applied to the opposite, front and back forming surfaces of an optical disk.

The optical microstructures of the microoptical structure grid closer to the light source can be applied to the front or rear side of an optical disk or to a light exit surface of a light conductor element briefly referred to as light conductor, in which the at least one light source of the light source irradiates its light.

In the case of a light guide arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source, the first microoptical structure grid can be arranged downstream of it in the further course of the optical path, or can be preset from the view of a viewer who is looking counter to the optical path. The optical waveguide can be provided with the optical microstructures of the second microoptical structure grid closer to the light source. For example, the optical microstructures of the first microoptical structure grid, which is more remote from the light source, can be applied to the front or rear side of an optical disk, or they can be applied to the inside of a light disk.

The light source used is preferably at least one inorganic light-emitting diode and / or at least one organic light-emitting diode. The latter can be provided on its front side with the optical microstructures of one of the microoptical structures grid.

Inorganic light emitting diodes consist of at least one light emitting diode semiconductor chip, short LED chip, and at least one, for example, molded by injection molding, the at least one LED chip completely or partially enveloping primary optics. Vehicle lights are also known in which pure LED chips are used without molded primary optics.

Through Hole Technology (THT), Surface Mounted Device (SMD) LEDs, and LEDs are known in which the LED chip is bonded directly to the illuminant carrier in COB (Chip On Board) technology.

THT LEDs, THT LEDs for short, are a well-known type of inorganic light-emitting diodes. They are also referred to as leaded light-emitting diodes, as they consist of an at least in a desired emission transparent encapsulation, e.g. in the form of an encapsulation or an encapsulation, which includes a LED chip with a first electrical connection, for example in the form of an anode terminal connecting bonding wire and connected to a second electrical connection, for example in the form of a cathode terminal, LED chip. From the encapsulation protrude only the designated as little legs wires of the first electrical connection and the second electrical connection as the anode and cathode terminals of the THT-LED. The second electrical connection embodied, for example, as a cathode connection can in this case be provided with a cup mentioned above, in which the LED chip is arranged. The bonding wire leads from the example executed as an anode terminal first connection from outside the cup coming to the LED chip.

SMD LEDs, SMD LEDs for short, are another well-known type of inorganic light-emitting diode. SMD LEDs consist of a leadframe with at least one mounting surface for at least one LED chip and electrical connection surfaces. The leadframe is partially encapsulated by a plastic body with at least one recess freeing at least one mounting surface. The electrical connection surfaces of the leadframe are also kept free as the electrical connections of the SMD LED for later surface mounting. The at least one LED chip is arranged and electrically contacted at the bottom of the at least one recess extending to the at least one mounting surface. In this case, the LED chip is arranged on a first portion of the leadframe connected to at least one first electrical connection area. A bonding wire connects the LED chip to a second portion of the leadframe, which in turn is connected to at least one second electrical pad. The reaching at its base to the mounting surface recess may be designed reflector-like. The walls of the recess form the above-mentioned primary reflector. Here, the walls can be coated reflective.

COB LEDs, COB LEDs for short, consist of an unhoused LED chip and a bonding wire to be arranged directly on a light carrier. The back side of the LED chip forms the first electrical connection of the COB LED. For electrical contacting of the LED chip is electrically connected on its back directly to a first conductor of a light source carrier, for example by soldering or welding. The bonding wire forming the second electrical connection of the COB LED is also electrically connected to a second conductor track of the illuminant carrier, for example by soldering or welding.

For the sake of completeness, it should additionally be mentioned that other contacts, such as the so-called flip-chip structure are possible, in which the contact means of the LED chip are connected directly to a contacted substrate. In these cases, no bonding wire is used.

In the following, therefore, for the sake of simplicity, no distinction is made between inorganic light-emitting diode and LED chip and instead the term LED is used uniformly for both, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Outstanding properties of LEDs compared to other, conventional light sources of bulbs are a much longer life and a significantly higher light output with the same power consumption. In other words, at the same light intensity, LEDs have lower power consumption compared to other light sources. In this way, when using one or more LEDS as the light source of a light source, for example, in a vehicle lamp, the load of a provided for power supply electrical system of a vehicle can be reduced, along with savings in energy consumption of the vehicle. Furthermore, LEDs have a much longer life than other, for use in a vehicle lamp candidate light sources. Due to the longer service life, among other things, the lower failure rate increases the operational safety and, concomitantly, the quality of the vehicle lamp.

An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a luminous thin-film component made of organic semiconducting materials with at least one emitter layer enclosed between electrically conductive, for example metallic layers for anode and cathode. The thickness or, in other words, the thickness of the layers is on the order of about 100 nm. Typically, depending on the structure, it is 100 nm to 500 nm. For protection against water, oxygen and for protection against others Environmental influences, such as scratch damage and / or pressure loading, are typically encapsulated in an inorganic material, such as glass, with OLEDs.

Unlike LEDs, OLEDs do not require single crystal materials. Compared to LEDs, OLEDs can therefore be produced using inexpensive thin-film technology. As a result, OLEDs make it possible to produce flat light sources which on the one hand have a very thin appearance and, on the other hand, have a particularly homogeneous appearance when used as a luminous surface visible through the lens of a vehicle lamp.

A second subject matter of the invention relates to a vehicle lamp with a lamp interior substantially enclosed by a lamp housing and a lens, and with at least one illuminating means housed therein and comprising at least one light source for at least one light function of the vehicle lamp.

The vehicle lamp is characterized by at least one previously described lamp according to the first subject of the invention.

At least one light source of the illuminant of the vehicle lamp can be assigned one or more optical elements contributing to the formation of a light distribution for directing the light.

The lens is formed by a transparent cover which is usually made of a plastic material today, which closes off the interior of the lamp and protects the components housed therein, such as one or more lamps, reflectors and alternatively or additionally provided optical elements against the effects of weathering.

The luminaire housing or the interior of the luminaire can be subdivided into a plurality of chambers, each with its own light sources and / or illuminants and / or optical elements and, if appropriate, light disks and / or optical disks, of which several chambers can be identical and / or each chamber can fulfill a different lighting function.

The aforementioned optical elements may be at least one reflector and / or at least one lens and / or one or more in the beam path between at least one light source of the luminous means and the lens arranged optical discs and / or holographic plates or films or films or the like act. Holography can be used in particular for the steering of light or electromagnetic radiation and can therefore be used in particular in vehicle lights used.

For example, at least one reflector arranged behind at least one light source of at least one luminous means can be accommodated in the luminaire interior. The reflector may be formed at least in part by a separate component and / or by at least one part of the luminaire housing itself, for example by means of an at least partially reflective coating.

The lens itself may alternatively or additionally be formed as an optical element, for example by being preferably provided on the inside with an optical structure contributing to the production of one or more light distributions mentioned above. This may possibly be dispensed with an optical disk.

The lighting means may comprise individual or a combination of the features described above and / or below in connection with the vehicle lamp, just as the vehicle lamp may have individual or a combination of a plurality of features previously and / or subsequently described in connection with the lighting means.

Both the vehicle lamp and the illuminant may alternatively or additionally be used together or independently of one another, or a combination of several in connection with the prior art and / or in one or more of the documents mentioned in the prior art and / or in the following description Having the features described in the drawings illustrated embodiments.

It can be seen that the invention can be realized by a luminous means with at least one light source and a backlit by this, for example two in the optical path of the light emitted from the light source successively arranged two-dimensional lens arrays or two-dimensional lens arrays with periodic patterns as an image comprising optical element arrangement.

It can also be seen that the invention can be realized by a vehicle lamp with a corresponding lighting means for the fulfillment or contribution of at least one of its light functions.

In summary, the invention proposes to produce a depth effect for better perception of the signal effect of one or more light functions, such as the tail light and / or brake light function at the same time low installation space depth, for example transparent films or plates with opposite aufgprägten, laminated or printed optical microstructures, for example in Form of microlenses, to use. The film can be illuminated from the back with an arbitrary light source, preferably at least one LED or OLED. However, the depth effect also occurs in the non-backlit state in the so-called cold state or design.

Additional, over a complete solution of the problem set overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art beyond the advantages of the invention are an improvement in the visibility and perceptibility of light functions of a vehicle lamp, in particular a tail lamp for a motor vehicle. This is achieved by means of attracting the gaze of others, in particular subsequent road users, by generating three-dimensional effects when a viewer gazes at the lens of the vehicle lamp both in the on and off state.

Advantages resulting from, among other things, also advantages over lenticular lens structures are that the depth effect is visible from all directions, even vertically. The effect is visually indistinguishable from true depth.

An additional advantage results from an unobstructed viewing angle range, where the image does not jump, as is the case with lenticular lens structures.

In contrast to a lenticular lens structure, in which parallel extending lenses are provided with a linear extension, in order to visualize any images, for example movements or variable depth effects, as dependent on the viewing angle by repeatedly jumping the stereoscopically visible image into a new view with a change in the horizontal viewing angle, will be at the present invention with change in the angle of view, a continuously migrating depth effect - but only periodic pattern - received. An essential difference here is that this effect occurs both with a horizontal change in the viewing angle and with a vertical change. In the case of the lenticular lens structure, this only takes place when the viewing angle changes in a direction normal to the extent of the parallel lenticular lenses.

In addition, the periodic patterns are inexpensive to produce. A variety of usable periodic patterns offers a wide creative freedom.

Furthermore, several depth levels are possible.

Fig. 1

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Mikrooptikstrukturenrasters mit in orthogonal zueinander verlaufenden Zeilen und Spalten angeordneten optischen Mikrostrukturen in einer Draufsicht.

Fig. 2

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Mikrooptikstrukturenrasters mit genestet angeordneten optischen Mikrostrukturen in einer Draufsicht.

Fig. 3

ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Mikrooptikstrukturenrasters mit genestet angeordneten, hexagonalen optischen Mikrostrukturen in einer Draufsicht.

Fig. 4

ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Optikelementanordnung in einer Draufsicht, umfassend ein als ein hexagonales Mikrolinsenraster ausgeführtes erstes Mikrooptikstrukturenraster mit regelmäßig genestet und unmittelbar aneinander angrenzend angeordneten optischen Mikrostrukturen mit hexagonalen Ausdehnungen und ein aus Sicht eines auf die der Lichtquelle abgewandte Seite der Optikelementanordnung blickenden Betrachters dahinterliegendes zweites Mikrooptikstrukturenraster das in zwei einander überlagernden Mustern (A), (B) angeordnete optische Mikrostrukturen aufweist, in einem ersten Muster (A) angeordnete erste optische Mikrostrukturen und in einem zweiten Muster (B) angeordnete zweite optischen Mikrostrukturen, welche Muster (A) und (B) jeweils eine geringere Periodenlänge als das hexagonale Mikrolinsenraster aufweisen.

Fig. 5

die Optikelementanordnung aus Fig. 4 in einem Querschnitt nebst einer Darstellung des von der Optikelementanordnung aus Fig. 4 erzeugten visuellen Effekts.

Fig. 6

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Fahrzeugleuchte mit einem Leuchtmittel mit einer zwei im optischen Pfad des von einer Lichtquelle abgestrahlten Lichts angeordnete Mikrooptikstrukturenraster umfassenden Optikelementanordnung in einem Querschnitt.

Fig. 7

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Fahrzeugleuchte mit einem Leuchtmittel mit einer zwei im optischen Pfad des von einer Lichtquelle abgestrahlten Lichts angeordnete Mikrooptikstrukturenraster umfassenden Optikelementanordnung in einem Querschnitt.

Fig. 8

ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Fahrzeugleuchte mit einem Leuchtmittel mit einer zwei im optischen Pfad des von einer Lichtquelle abgestrahlten Lichts angeordnete Mikrooptikstrukturenraster umfassenden Optikelementanordnung in einem Querschnitt.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. The proportions of the individual elements to one another in the figures do not always correspond to the actual size ratios, since some shapes are simplified and other shapes are shown enlarged in relation to other elements for better illustration. For identical or equivalent elements of the invention, identical reference numerals are used. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference symbols are shown in the individual figures, which are required for the description of the respective figure. The illustrated embodiments are only examples of how the invention may be configured and are not an exhaustive limitation. In a schematic representation:

Fig. 1

an embodiment of a micro-optic pattern with arranged in mutually orthogonal rows and columns optical microstructures in a plan view.

Fig. 2

an embodiment of a micro-optic structure grid with nested arranged optical microstructures in a plan view.

Fig. 3

an embodiment of a micro-optic structure grid with nested arranged hexagonal optical microstructures in a plan view.

Fig. 4

an embodiment of an optical element arrangement in a plan view, comprising a designed as a hexagonal microlens grid first Microoptical structure grid with regularly nested and immediately adjacent to each other arranged optical microstructures with hexagonal extensions and from the view of a side facing away from the light source side of the Optikelementanordnung viewers underlying second Mikrooptikstrukturen grid in two superimposed patterns (A), (B) arranged optical microstructures, first optical microstructures arranged in a first pattern (A) and second optical microstructures arranged in a second pattern (B), which patterns (A) and (B) each have a shorter period length than the hexagonal microlens grid.

Fig. 5

the Optikelementanordnung Fig. 4 in a cross section together with a representation of the of the optical element arrangement Fig. 4 generated visual effect.

Fig. 6

a first embodiment of a vehicle lamp with a lighting means having a two arranged in the optical path of the radiated light from a light source comprising optical element array in a cross section.

Fig. 7

A second embodiment of a vehicle lamp with a lighting means having a two arranged in the optical path of the radiated light from a light source comprising optical element array in a cross section.

Fig. 8

a third embodiment of a vehicle lamp with a light source having a two in the optical path of the light emitted by a light source arranged optical element array in a cross section.

• mindestens eine Lichtquelle 02 und
• eine im optischen Pfad des von der Lichtquelle 02 abgestrahlten Lichts angeordneten Optikelementanordnung 03.

An in Fig. 1 . Fig. 2 . Fig. 3 . Fig. 4 . Fig. 5 . Fig. 6 . Fig. 7 . Fig. 8 illuminant 01 shown in whole or in part in various design possibilities comprises:

• at least one light source 02 and
• an optical element arrangement 03 arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02.

The optical element arrangement 03 comprises two flat microoptical structure grids 30 arranged one after the other in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02, a first microoptical structure grid 31 and a second microoptical structure grid 32 in the course of the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02.

The optical element array 03 is viewed from a later in the course of the optical path on the side facing away from the light source 02 side of the optical element array 03 viewer looking backwards from behind by means of at least one light source 02 at least partially.

The restriction according to which the optical element arrangement 03 is at least partially illuminated by means of the at least one light source 02 indicates that, as an alternative to a fully transparent embodiment of the optical element arrangement 03, it is possible for parts of the optical element arrangement 03, for example parts of one or both microoptical structure grids 30, 31, 32 may be opaque.

For example, each of the two microoptical structure patterns 30, 31, 32 preferably comprises optical microstructures 33 arranged within the area which it respectively spans in a periodically recurring, regular pattern.

The optical microstructures 33 are preferably microlenses.

The arranged in a periodically repeating, regular pattern optical microstructures 33 of the two in the optical path of the radiated light from the light source 02 successively arranged micro-optical structures 30, 31, 32 generate for the further course of the optical path of the light emitted from the light source 02 to the optical element arrangement , more precisely on the side facing away from the light source 02 side of the optical element array 03 viewer viewing three-dimensional effects.

In this way, a depth effect both in the warm state, in which the at least one light source 02 emits light at least within the part of the electromagnetic spectrum visible to the human eye, as well as in the cold state, in which there is no emission of light, from all viewing or viewing angles which is not distinguishable from the naked eye of the viewer by a true three-dimensional arrangement.

In principle, the at least one light source 02 can be any light source 02, for example an incandescent lamp, a gas discharge lamp, an LED, an OLED, in order to name, without claim to completeness, only a few conceivable light sources 02 which are basically used in vehicle lamps, or a combination of a plurality of, for example, the same or different light sources 02.

Both microoptical structure patterns 30, 31, 32 preferably have periodically recurring, regular patterns within the surfaces which they respectively define in which their optical microstructures 33 are arranged.

Particularly preferably, the surfaces spanned by the two microoptical structure grids 30, 31, 32 lie parallel to one another, as shown in FIG Fig. 5 . Fig. 6 . Fig. 7 . Fig. 8 is shown by way of example.

At least one microoptical structure grid 30, 31, 32 may have a pattern with a regular arrangement of its optical microstructures 33 in mutually perpendicular rows and columns, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown.

Accordingly, at least the pattern of one or more of the patterns of the two micro-optic structures 30, 31, 32 may provide for a regular arrangement of the optical micro-structures 33 in rows and columns at right angles to one another.

Fig. 1 1 shows a microoptical structure grid 30, 31, 32 formed by a microlens grid with a pattern having a regular arrangement of the optical microstructures 33 formed by round microlenses in rows and columns running orthogonally to one another and with optically inactive areas between the optical microstructures 33 formed by round microlenses 33 a top view. The optically inactive regions located between the optical microstructures 33 are preferably non-transparent.

Alternatively or additionally, at least one microoptical structure grid 30, 31, 32 may have a pattern with a nested arrangement of the optical microstructures 33 in rows and columns running obliquely to one another, as in FIG Fig. 2 shown.

At least the pattern of one or more patterns of both micro-optic structures 30, 31, 32 can accordingly provide a nested arrangement of the optical microstructures 33 in rows and columns running obliquely to one another.

Fig. 2 1 shows a micro-optic structure grid 30, 31, 32 formed by a microlens grid with a pattern with a regular, nested arrangement of the optical microstructures 33 formed by round microlenses in obliquely extending rows and columns and with optically inactive areas between the optical microstructures formed by round microlenses 33 in a plan view. The optically inactive regions located between the optical microstructures 33 are preferably non-transparent.

Alternatively or additionally, the optical microstructures 33 of at least one microstructure grid 30, 31, 32 can have hexagonal expansions, at least in one of their surfaces, as in FIG Fig. 3 shown.

Preferably, the hexagonal extender optical microstructures 33 are provided in conjunction with a pattern having a regular, nested arrangement of the optical microstructures 33, as also shown in FIG Fig. 3 shown.

In the case of a nested arrangement, the hexagonal expansion optical microstructures 33 may abut one another therebetween immediately and without voids, as in FIG Fig. 3 is shown.

Fig. 3 shows a micro-optic structure grid 30, 31, 32 formed by a hexagonal microlens grid with a pattern with a regular, nested arrangement of the optical microstructures 33 formed by hexagonal microlenses with hexagonal extensions in obliquely extending rows and columns in a plan view. The hexagonal microlenses immediately adjoin one another. There are no optically inactive areas between the lenses. This has the advantage that lower light losses occur in a vehicle lamp 100 designed, for example, as a tail lamp than in the case of microoptical structure grids 30, 31, 32 with optically inactive regions between the optical microstructures 33 formed, for example, by microlenses. A microoptical structure grid 30, 31, also referred to as hexagonal, 32 with a pattern with a regular, nested arrangement of, for example, by hexagonal Microlenses formed optical microstructures 33 with hexagonal extensions is particularly suitable for this because the aberrations of the lenses are usually lower than in a comparable square lenticular grid.

Alternatively, optically inactive regions located between the optical microstructures 33 with hexagonal expansions may, if appropriate, be formed in an intransparent manner.

In principle, the optical microstructures 33 can adjoin one another directly and without gaps, irrespective of their arrangement, or else have, for example, optically inactive regions formed by vacancies between them.

Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of an optical element assembly 03 in a plan view, whereas Fig. 5 shows the same optical element arrangement 03 in a cross section. In addition it contains Fig. 5 a representation of the of the Optikelementanordnung 03 for a view of the light source 02 of the light source 01 side facing away from the optical element array 03 viewer generated visual effect.

In the Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 illustrated optical element array 03 comprises a designed as a hexagonal microlens raster first micro-optic structures grid 30, 31 with regularly nested and immediately adjacent to each other arranged optical microstructures 33 with hexagonal extensions. Furthermore, the optical element arrangement 03 comprises a second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 lying behind it from the perspective of a viewer facing the light source 02 of the illuminant 01 facing away from the optical element arrangement 03.

The second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 has optical microstructures 33 arranged in two superposed patterns A, B. These are first optical microstructures 33 arranged in a first pattern A and second optical microstructures 33 arranged in a second pattern B. The patterns A and B each have a shorter period length than the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 embodied as a hexagonal microlens grid.

The desired optical depth effect is perceived visually much stronger when creating multiple optical levels one behind the other become. It is therefore advantageous if the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 consists of two or more superimposed periodic patterns A, B whose periods differ slightly from one another, or from optical microstructures 33 correspondingly arranged in two or more superimposed periodic patterns A, B.

For example, the periods may differ by less than 10%, preferably less than 4%, to achieve the desired effect. All superimposed patterns A, B of the periodically arranged optical microstructures of the micro-optic structures rasters 30, 31, 32 each have the same spatial arrangement, but in different periods. In the joint review, the patterns of the micro-optic structures grid 30, 31, 32 only repeat synodically.

The overlaid patterns may be printed as a whole image, for example.

In this case, the second microoptical structure grid of the two microoptical structures 31, 32 preferably has optical microstructures 33 arranged in two or more superimposed, periodically recurring, regular patterns A, B, the periods of which differ at least slightly from one another. The two patterns A, B can both have the same regular spatial arrangement of the optical microstructures 33, but with different period lengths.

The remaining first microoptical structure grid 31 may also have this regular spatial arrangement. However, it consists of only a single periodic, regular pattern

The appearance of the images of the first optical microstructures 33 arranged in the first pattern A and the second optical microstructures 33 arranged in the second pattern B are of the focal length, the size and the period as viewed by the observer facing away from the light source 02 of the illuminant 01 the optical microstructures 33 of the first micro-optic structure grid 30, 31 or its diametral microstructure formed, for example, as a lenticular grid.

The figure is a schematic representation of the optical microstructures 33 of the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 arranged, for example, in two superposing patterns A, B. On account of the refraction of light on the first microoptical structure grid 30, which is embodied, for example, as microlenses, of the optical microstructures 33 of the second example designed as a lenticular grid. 31, the optical microstructures 33 of the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32, which are arranged, for example, in two overlapping patterns A, B, are not actually visible in this form in reality, but an enlarged image of the different patterns A, B arranged optical microstructures of the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 with a corresponding depth effect.

It is important to emphasize that the size of the period corresponding to the repetition or recurrence within an arrangement in a pattern is coupled to the visual depth. As a result, large patterns A in the background and small patterns B in front can be imaged.

The larger, first pattern A of the illustration in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 has a longer period length than the smaller, second pattern B.

At an in Fig. 5 In this case, a projection of large first pattern A from the viewpoint of a light emitted against the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02 onto the first microoptical structure grid 31 is viewed in the background in a larger distance compared to the image of a smaller second pattern B. Microstructures of the formed, for example, as a lenticular first micro-optic pattern grid 31st

In contrast, an image of small, second pattern B takes place in the foreground from the perspective of the observer against the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02 to the first microoptical structure grid 31 in comparison with the image of large first pattern A at a smaller distance from the optical microstructures of the example a lenticular formed first microoptical structure grid 31.

In principle, large patterns, corresponding to the first pattern A in FIG Fig. 5 at a great distance from the optical microstructures 33 of the first Micro-optic structure grid 31 and small patterns corresponding to the second pattern B in FIG Fig. 5 , near the optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 31.

It is important to emphasize that the projection can be reversed. From the viewpoint of the observer, the structures are imaged behind the first microoptical structure grid 31, as shown in FIG Fig. 5 is shown, large patterns in the background and small front can be pictured. When projecting forward in the direction of the observer facing away from the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02 from the surface spanned by the optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 31, the larger pattern would be stronger on the viewer than the smaller one.

A particularly pronounced depth effect occurs when at least approximately formed in an optical microstructures 33 of the first micro-optic structure grid 30, 31 formed, for example, as a lenticular plate and / or foil or as a microlens raster plate and / or foil by the focal planes of the lenses or microlenses The focal surface 07 preferably regularly, periodically recurring arranged optical microstructures 33, such as geometrically arranged optical lenses and / or printing patterns, the remaining second micro-optic structure grid 30, 32 are arranged, as shown in Fig. 5 is shown.

Accordingly, at least one microoptical structure grid 30 -in the nomenclature used above, the second microoptical structure grid 32 -with its optical microstructures 33 formed, for example, by lenses and / or print patterns in the focal plane of the optical microstructures 33 of the remaining micro-optic structure grid 30, for example formed by microlenses, is particularly preferred it is in accordance with the nomenclature used above the first micro-optic structure grid 31 - arranged.

By way of example, the optical microstructures 33, which form the second microoptical structure grid 32 in a pattern, such as lenses and / or printing patterns, in a specific period and geometric arrangement can be, for example, one of the optical microstructures 33 of the first one formed with, for example, microlenses Microoptical structure grid 31 has surface opposite surface of the same optical element arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02, such as on opposite surfaces of an optical disc 05 arranged in the optical path, or various optical elements arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source; such as a light guide element 04 and an optical disk 05 or an inner side 06 of a lens 102, be applied. This results in an enlarged, virtual image of the optical microstructures 33 of the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 formed, for example, by lenses and / or printing patterns, which apparently lies above or below the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 comprising, for example, a lens grid plane.

Advantageously, at least the optical microstructures 33 of at least the optical microstructures 33 of the optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 to be imaged, for example as a lenticular plate and / or foil or as a microlens raster plate and preferably in the focal plane of the lenses or microlenses, for example / or film-formed first micro-optic structure grid 30, 31 lying second micro-optic structure grid 30, 32 have a three-dimensional spatial extent.

If the optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 to be imaged by the optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31, preferably in the focal plane of the lenses or microlenses, for example, form the first microoptical structure grid formed, for example, as a lenticular plate and / or foil or as a microlens grid plate and / or foil 30, 31 lying optical microstructures 33 of the second micro-optic structure grid 30, 32 even no, for example, by a printing process producible planar, but one can be produced, for example, by a stamping process spatial structure, the virtual image receives an additional spatial appearance.

The focal surface 07 may be flat or curved two- or three-dimensional.

The optical microstructures 33 themselves may be two-dimensional or three-dimensional.

In this case, an orthogonal arrangement of the optical microstructures 33 can be provided within one or both microoptical structures grid 30, 31, 32.

Alternatively or additionally, a nested arrangement of the optical microstructures 33 may be provided within one or both of the microoptical structure grids 30, 31, 32.

The nested optical microstructures 33 of one or both microoptical structures 30, 31, 32 can have hexagonal extensions and thus form hexagonal structures.

The optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 remote from the light source 02 can be applied to the inner side 06 of a light disk 102.

Alternatively, the optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 remote from the light source 02 can be applied to the front or rear side of an optical disk 05.

As already on the basis of Fig. 1 . Fig. 2 . Fig. 3 . Fig. 4 . Fig. 5 By way of example, one of the two microoptical structure grids 30, 31, 32 or both microoptical structure grids 30, 31, 32 may be formed by microlens structures or may comprise such.

The microoptical structure grid or patterns 30, 31, 32 may include, for example, at least one microoptical structure grid plate and / or one microoptical structure grid foil having optical microstructures 33 applied thereto and / or incorporated therein, preferably regularly, periodically repeating, such as optical lenses, in particular microlenses, or printed patterns.

An advantageous development provides for the realization of the micro-optic structures grid 30, 31, 32 under the term microstructural sheet summarized transparent films or plates with opposite one or embossed or laminated or printed optical microstructures 33, for example, microlenses.

The focal surface 07 of the microoptical structure grid 30, 31 formed by the focal points of all optical microstructures, for example a first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 forming a microstructure arch, preferably lies on a side of the microstructure arch facing away from the observer, correspondingly facing the light source, for example on the viewer's back facing away.

The optical microstructures 33 of the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 are advantageously located within the focal surface 07. The optical microstructures 33 of the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 can be arranged on the opposite rear side of the microstructure arch.

In principle, the optical microstructures of the various microoptical structure patterns 30, 31, 32 can be arranged on two microstructure sheets produced independently of one another.

In summary, the optical microstructures 33 of the various microoptical structure grids 30, 31, 32 may be disposed on opposite surfaces of an optical element in the optical path and thus one and the same optical element in the optical path, or alternatively on different, for example, opposite surfaces in the optical Path can be arranged optical elements.

If the optical element is, for example, an optical disk 05, then the optical microstructures 33 of both micro-optical structure grids 30, 31, 32 can be applied to the opposing surfaces of the optical disk 05 forming front and rear surfaces.

Alternatively, the optical microstructures 33 of the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 closer to the light source 02 can be applied to the front or rear side of an optical disk 05 or to a light exit surface of a light guide element 04 into which the at least one light source 02 of the light source 01 irradiates its light ,

In the case of a light guide 04 arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02, this can be combined with the optical microstructures 33 of FIG second micro-optic structure grid 30, 32 be provided. The light guide 04 is preceded by the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 from the perspective of a viewer looking at the side of the optical element arrangement facing away from the light source 02. In the further course of the optical path of the light emitted by the light source 02, the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 is arranged downstream of the light guide element 04. For example, the optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 remote from the light source 02 can be applied to the front or rear side of an optical disk 05, or they can be applied to the inner side 06 of a light disk 102.

At least one LED and / or at least one OLED is preferably used as the light source 02. The latter can be provided on its front side with the optical microstructures 33 of one of the microoptical structure grids 30, 31, 32, in particular of the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32.

The light source 01 can additionally or individually in any combination, for example for generating and / or the contribution of the preservation of a light function legally prescribed light distribution and / or necessary light deflection together or one or more briefly referred to as optical fiber light guide elements 04 and / or one or more direct and / or indirect reflectors and / or one or more lens systems and / or one or more diffusers.

An optical waveguide is a total internal reflection (TIR), light-guiding element with a light-coupling region and a light-out coupling region. An optical waveguide conducts the light radiated by at least one, for example, concealed light source 02 and coupled into a light coupling-in region in the direction of a decoupling region and couples it out there again. The decoupled light can be emitted directly without a reflector in the desired direction, or indirectly by being irradiated in a reflector, which then reflects it in the desired direction.

A previously described illuminant 01 is advantageously provided for use in conjunction with a vehicle lamp 100.

Various embodiments of corresponding vehicle lamps 100 are in Fig. 6 . Fig. 7 . Fig. 8 shown in whole or in part.

The vehicle lamp 100 includes a lamp housing 101 at least partially enclosed by a lamp housing 101 and a lens 102.

The interior of the luminaire 103 accommodates at least in part at least one illuminating means 01 contributing to the fulfillment of at least one light function of the vehicle luminaire 100 or contributing at least one predetermined light distribution to at least one light function of the vehicle luminaire 100.

In Fig. 6 1, an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle lamp 100 embodied as a tail lamp is illustrated with a light source 01 with a plurality of light sources 02, preferably configured as LEDs, with a two optical element array 03 comprising a two optical system arranged in the optical path of the light emitted by the light sources 02.

The luminaire interior 103 of in Fig. 6 The vehicle lamp 100 shown accommodates an optical disk 05 arranged behind the light disk 102 as seen from outside of the lamp interior 103 through the light disk 102. The optical disk 05 faces away from the light sources 02, one from outside the lamp interior 103 against the path from the light sources 02 radiated light through the lens 102 through looking observer facing the front of the optical disk 05 is a first micro-optic pattern grid 30, 31 of the two micro-optic structures 30, 31, 32 are arranged. A second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 of the two microoptical structures grid 30, 31, 32 is located on the rear side of the optical disk 05 facing away from the path of the light emitted by the light sources 02 through the light disk 102, facing the light sources 02 arranged. The optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 engaging the front side of the optical disk 05 are microlenses. The thickness of the optical disk 05 corresponds to the focal length of these microlenses.

The second micro-optical structure grid 30, 32 applied to the rear side of the optical disk 05 has, as optical microstructures 33, a structure of periodic patterns.

From the perspective of the opposite of the path of the radiated light from the light sources 02 through the lens 102 through observer is behind the optical disc, a lens 50 which is illuminated as a diffuser of the light emitted from the light sources 02 back of the LEDs as light sources 02.

In Fig. 7 is another embodiment of a running as a rear light vehicle lamp 100 with a light source 01 with a two arranged in the optical path of at least one light source 02 light emitted microoptical structure grid 30, 31, 32 comprising optical element array 03 also shown in a cross section.

The luminaire interior 103 of in Fig. 7 The vehicle lamp 100 shown accommodates an optical disk 05 arranged behind the light disk 102 as seen from outside of the lamp interior 103 through the light disk 102. The optical disk 05 faces away from the light sources 02, one from outside the lamp interior 103 against the path from the light sources 02 radiated light through the lens 102 through looking observer facing the front of the optical disk 05 is a first micro-optic pattern grid 30, 31 of the two micro-optic structures grid 30, 31, 32 is formed. The optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 engaging the front side of the optical disk 05 are microlenses. The thickness of the optical disk 05 is smaller than the focal length of these microlenses.

The lamp interior 103 of the vehicle lamp 100 moreover accommodates a light conductor element 04 designed as a surface light guide into which the light sources 02 of the light source 01, which are not visible from outside the lamp interior 103 and pass through the lens 102, radiate the light emitted by them. The light guide element 04 conducts the light irradiated in it by means of total reflection in its interior until its coupling on.

The light guide element 04 has for this purpose at least one Lichteinkoppelbereich with at least two opposite, his extensive expansions having front and rear sides interconnecting narrow sides provided Lichteinkoppelbereichpartien. The light disc 102 facing the front of the light guide element 04 includes the Lichtauskoppelbereich on which the previously from the Light sources 02 coupled light emerges again from the light guide element 04. The rear side of the light guide element 04 facing away from the light disc 102 is at least partially designed as a light deflection surface which deflects the light coupled into the light guide element 04 from the light sources 02 at such an angle to at least one part of the front side occupied by the light outcoupling region that there is none Total reflection occurs and the previously coupled by the light sources 02 and deflected at the Lichtumlenkfläche light at the front of the light guide element 04 in the direction of the lens 02 exits again.

The rear side of the light guide element 04 remote from the observer 102 looking from the light interior 102 against the path of the light emitted by the light sources 02 is connected to the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 of the two microoptical structure patterns 30, 31. 32 structured.

In the case of the optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 facing away from the light sources 02, a front of the optical disk 05 at least partially engaging from the outside of the lamp interior 103 against the path of the light emitted by the light sources 02 through the lens 102 preferably microlenses.

The distance between the front of the optical disk 05 facing away from the light interior 02 against the path of the light radiated by the light sources 02 through the light disk 102 and the rear side of the light conductor element 04 formed as a surface light conductor preferably corresponds to this at least approximately the focal length of these microlenses.

In Fig. 8 is an additional embodiment of a likewise designed as a tail lamp vehicle lamp 100 with a light source 01 with a two arranged in the optical path of at least one light source 02 radiated light microoptical structure grid 30, 31, 32 comprising optical element array 03 shown in a cross section.

In contrast to those described above and in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 shown vehicle lamps 100 does not require this in their lighting interior 103 accommodated optical disk 05 for one or both of the micro-optic structure grid 30, 31, 32 of the optical element 03 arrangement of their light source 01st

At the In Fig. 8 The vehicle lamp 100 facing away from the light sources 02, an inner side 06 of the light disk 102 facing away from the light source 102 from outside the lamp interior 103 against the path of the light emitted by the light sources 02 is the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 of the two microoptical structure grid 30 , 31, 32 formed.

Also, the lamp interior 103 of in Fig. 8 shown vehicle light 100 houses a trained as a surface light guide fiber optic element 04, in which the designed as LEDs, non-visible from outside the lamp interior 103 through the lens 102 disposed light sources 02 of the illuminant 01 radiate the light emitted by them light.

The light guide element 04 can in this case in its construction to the in Fig. 7 illustrated vehicle lamp 100 described correspond.

Accordingly, also in the light guide element 04 of in Fig. 8 illustrated vehicle lamp 100, the light disc 102 facing away from the back of the light guide element 04 at least partially be formed as a Lichtumlenkfläche which the light coupled into the light guide element 04 from the light sources 02 of the light source 01 at such an angle to at least one of the Lichtauskoppelbereich occupied lot of the front deflects the light guide element 04 out that there no total reflection occurs and the previously coupled by the light sources 02 and deflected at the Lichtumlenkfläche light exits at the front of the light guide element 04 in the direction of the lens 02 again.

In principle, the front or the rear side of the optical waveguide element 04 formed as a surface light guide can be structured with the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 of the two microoptical structure grids 30, 31, 32.

However, it is advantageous for the rear side of the light guide element 04 facing away from the light interior 102 against the path of the light emitted by the light sources 02 to pass through the light disc 102 with the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 of the two microoptical structure patterns 30. 31, 32 structured.

Because the optical microstructures 33 of the second microoptical structure grid 30, 32 are additionally introduced into the light conductor element 04, which can also be labeled as a light guide plate and is embodied as a surface light guide, the optical depth effect produced by the superposition of the two microoptical structure patterns 30, 31, 32 in the optical path becomes with a very small overall depth, typically in the range of about 1 cm.

The optical microstructures 33 of the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31, which at least partially occupy the inside 06 of the light disk 102, are preferably microlenses.

The distance between the inside 06 of the lens 102 and the back of the formed as a surface light guide light guide element 04 preferably corresponds at least approximately to the focal length of these microlenses.

It is important to emphasize that the invention can be implemented by a vehicle lamp 100 embodied as a tail lamp, which contains a microlens grid film or plate with microlenses as the first microoptical structure grid 30, 31 in whose focal plane a microstructure is located as a second microoptical structure grid 30, 32. This microstructure is designed in such a way that at least one virtual image is produced by the microlenses, the optics in front of or behind the opposite of the path of the light emitted by the light sources 02 of the light viewers optically before or behind the lenticular raster plane, from the first micro-optics grid 30, 31 spanned surface is located.

The microlenses are arranged in a periodic, two-dimensional, regular grid. This grid can be particularly square ( Fig. 1 ), nested ( Fig. 2 ) or hexagonal ( Fig. 3 ) his.

In the Fig. 3 pictured, also called flyeye lenses, nested and hexagonal arrangement of the microlenses offers optical advantages, one in Fig. 1 However, shown square arrangement facilitates the production. This periodic structure may also have distortions, for example when the lens structure is applied to a curved / curved surface. However, these distortions of the lens grid then extend over many period lengths of the lens grid, so that the grid has no large deformations locally. Alternatively, the lens grid for covering a three-dimensional arched / curved surface can also be designed as a projection of the regular lens grid on this surface. The result is a lens structure that appears as a regular grid from a specific viewing direction. This viewing direction is, preferably from the rear of the car that contains the rear light according to the invention.

For example, the microlenses may be injection molded or hot stamped from optically transparent plastics, e.g. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC). An alternative possibility is to emboss them with embossing processes in films, for example of polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS), and then to glue, laminate or otherwise apply these films in an optically transparent support material, preferably PMMA or PC.

The diameters (in the case of non-circular lens apertures, the largest diameter) of the individual lenses of the microlens grid is between 50 μm and 1.5 mm, preferably in the range of 150 μm to 1 mm. All microlenses have the same or nearly the same focal length. The microlens grid can contain optically inactive areas between the individual lenses. Preferably, these areas are designed with an aperture or color layer intransparent (colored / black / metallic mirroring), so that light can pass only through the lens apertures. The nontransparent areas need not be limited to the optically inactive gaps between the lenses, but may additionally include portions of the lenses, e.g. the exterior of each lens to reduce aberrations.

In the focal plane of the microlens grid facing away from the observer there is a microstructure. Is the microlens structure on a curved / curved surface applied, follows the focal plane of this curvature / bending (the area designated here as the focal plane is then no plane in the mathematical sense).

The microstructure may be a three-dimensional structure that is introduced into an optically transparent material. However, it may also be a flat structure formed of optically nontransparent material and voids in this material, for example a printed structure, a patterned coating (e.g., metal or photoresist), or a patterned foil (e.g., metal foil). Furthermore, the microstructure may be formed of a material containing transparent, nontransparent and optionally partially transparent regions, such as a developed photoactive layer or a photo film. It is also possible to combine both types of structure, for example by coating a three-dimensional structure so that only the heights of the structure become opaque but the valleys remain transparent. The coating can be done for example by painting. Of course, this method is also conceivable vice versa, the valleys of the structure are filled with non-transparent material and the heights remain transparent. This can be obtained, for example, by initially applying a nontransparent coating in a first processing step, which is then removed again in a further processing step, for example by polishing at the heights, whereby the structure is made transparent again at its heights.

In addition, the invention comprises a structure in which the structured layer is introduced into or onto a planar light guide ( Fig. 7 ). In this case, the structure may be designed as described in the preceding paragraph. However, it may also be completely non-transparent, but influence the light extraction from the light guide by differently reflective or light-scattering areas.

The microlenses and the microstructure may preferably be located on the front and back sides of the same carrier material ( Fig. 6 ). Alternatively, they may be applied to two or more bonded substrates or placed one behind the other without direct connection (air gap therebetween).

The microstructure consists of one or more superimposed periodic patterns. The symmetry of the pattern corresponds to that of the microlens grid, wherein the period of the pattern is greater or smaller than that of the microlens grid (for example Fig. 4 ). Is the period of a pattern larger than that of the microlenses, visually creates an enlarged, mirrored image of the pattern that seems to lie in front of the micro lens plane. If the period of the pattern is smaller than the period of the microlens grid, the result is a visually enlarged image of the pattern that appears to be behind the micro lens plane (deep illusion).

Die Bildperiode p_b ist damit $${\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{b}}={{\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{s}}}^{\mathrm{2}}/\left({\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{L}}-{\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{s}}\right)$$

und die Bildweite b (Tiefe der Illusion hinter der Mikrolinsenplatte) ist $$\mathrm{b}=\left({\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{L}}\cdot \mathrm{f}\right)/\left({\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{L}}-{\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{s}}\right)$$

The magnification of the patterns and the distance of the optical image from the microlens plane depend on the focal length f of the microlenses, the period g _{L of} the microlens array, and the period g _{s of} the pattern. The magnification V of the optical image is approximately $$\mathrm{V}={\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{s}}/\left({\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{L}}-{\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{s}}\right)$$

The picture period p _b is thus $${\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{b}}={{\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{s}}}^{\mathrm{2}}/\left({\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{L}}-{\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{s}}\right)$$

and the image width b (depth of the illusion behind the microlens plate) is $$\mathrm{b}=\left({\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{L}}\cdot \mathrm{f}\right)/\left({\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{L}}-{\mathrm{p}}_{\mathrm{s}}\right)$$

If the period p _{s of} the pattern is smaller than the period of the lenticular grid, the result is an enlarged, side-correct image of the pattern, which lies optically behind the lens plane. If the period p _{s of} the pattern is greater than the period of the lenticular grid, an enlarged, mirror-inverted image of the pattern, which lies optically in front of the lens plane, results. For the viewer, this image is usually not perceived as lying in front of the lens plane because the image is cropped by the edge of the lenticular plate, whereby the human brain unconsciously concludes that the optical image can not be in front of the edge that trims it.

If the structure is a three-dimensional structure, an additional plastic appearance is created because light (e.g., sunlight) from the microlenses causes reflections and shadows on the three-dimensional structure that make the magnified image of the structure appear three-dimensional and plastic. The depth information in the structure is thus also visible in the image of the structure. The structure depth must be significantly less than the focal length of the microlenses to ensure a sharp image of all structural areas.

The microstructure may consist of several different periodic patterns with diverging periods. The structure is imaged by the microlenses and produces an enlarged image of each periodic pattern, the magnification and the image size of each pattern being different ( Fig. 5 ). Since thus a Pattern is later imaged optically in front of another pattern, it is advantageous if the apparent front pattern in the structure is not covered by the seemingly underlying pattern, but possibly this hidden.

In addition to the microlenses and the microstructure, the tail lamp according to the invention contains one or more light sources (for example incandescent lamps or LEDs), which preferably illuminate and illuminate the microstructure homogeneously from the side facing away from the lens. In an alternative embodiment, the microstructure is located on or in a planar light guide into which the light from one or more light sources is coupled. The optical element is preferably part of a legally prescribed light function of the taillight, preferably the taillight.

Advantages of generating optical depth in a rear light consist in the visual appearance both in the illuminated state and in the off state (cold design), wherein it should be noted that the tail light is always an essential design element of a motor vehicle. In addition, the optical depth can be used to increase the visibility and perceptibility of light functions.

The invention enables the generation of large optical depth while low depth of the required installation space. Compared with the generation of optical depth with semitransparent mirrors, the invention has significantly greater design freedom. It is much easier to implement in mass production than a deep illusion with holograms.

The invention is not limited by the description with reference to the embodiments. Rather, the invention encompasses any novel feature as well as any combination of features, including in particular any combination of features in the claims, even if that feature or combination itself is not explicitly stated in the claims or embodiments.

The invention is particularly industrially applicable in the field of manufacturing vehicle lights, in particular motor vehicle lights.

The invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments. However, it is conceivable for a person skilled in the art that modifications or Changes of the invention can be made without departing from the scope of the following claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01

Lamp

02

light source

03

Optical element array

04

Optical fiber element

05

optical disk

06

inside

07

burning surface

30

Micro-optics structures grid

31

first microoptical structure grid

32

second microoptical structure grid

33

optical microstructure

50

diffuser

100

vehicle light

101

luminaire housing

102

Lens

103

Lights Interior

A

template

B

template

Claims (12)

Illuminant (01) with at least one light source (02) and arranged in the optical path of the emitted light from the light source (02) optical element arrangement (03), wherein: the optical element arrangement (03) comprises two planar microoptical structures (30, 31, 32) arranged successively in the optical path, and - Each of the two micro-optic structures grid (30, 31, 32) in a periodically recurring, regular pattern arranged optical microstructures (33). Illuminant according to claim 1, wherein both micro-optic structures (30, 31, 32) have periodically recurring, regular patterns within the areas respectively defined by them. Illuminant according to claim 2, wherein the surfaces formed by the two microoptical structures (30, 31, 32) are parallel to each other. Illuminant according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein at least one micro-optic structure grid (30, 31, 32) has a pattern with a regular arrangement of the optical microstructures (33) in mutually perpendicular rows and columns. Illuminant according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least one micro-optical structure grid (30, 31, 32) has a pattern with a nested arrangement of the optical microstructures (33) in obliquely extending rows and columns. Illuminant according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the optical microstructures (33) of at least one microstructure grid (30, 31, 32) have hexagonal expansions at least in one of their surfaces. Illuminant according to claim 6, wherein the hexagonal expansion microstructures (33) are immediately adjacent to each other. Illuminant according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the two microoptical structures (30, 32) is arranged in the focal plane of the optical microstructures (33) of the remaining microoptical structure grid (30, 31). Illuminant according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the optical microstructures (33) are arranged on opposite surfaces of an optical element located in the optical path. Illuminant according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the optical microstructures (33) are formed by microlenses. Illuminant according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one of the two microoptical structures (30, 32) has two or more superimposed periodically recurring, regular patterns (A, B) arranged optical microstructures (33) whose periods differ from each other. A vehicle lamp (100) having at least one at least one light distribution of at least one light function of the vehicle lamp (100) provided by at least one light housing (101) and a lens (102) or at least one predetermined light distribution of at least one light function of the vehicle lamp (100) ) contributing light source (01) according to one of the preceding claims harboring lamp interior (103).

Images