EP3323131A1 - Varistor comprising a disconnecting device - Google Patents

Varistor comprising a disconnecting device

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Publication number
EP3323131A1
EP3323131A1 EP16748065.6A EP16748065A EP3323131A1 EP 3323131 A1 EP3323131 A1 EP 3323131A1 EP 16748065 A EP16748065 A EP 16748065A EP 3323131 A1 EP3323131 A1 EP 3323131A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
varistor
terminal
contact
current
release means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16748065.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3323131B1 (en
Inventor
Rainer Durth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3323131A1 publication Critical patent/EP3323131A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3323131B1 publication Critical patent/EP3323131B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
    • H01C7/126—Means for protecting against excessive pressure or for disconnecting in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/08—Terminals; Connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/761—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit
    • H01H2037/762—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material with a fusible element forming part of the switched circuit using a spring for opening the circuit when the fusible element melts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2235/00—Springs
    • H01H2235/01—Spiral spring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/32—Insulating body insertable between contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a varistor with a separating device.
  • surge arresters and in particular varistors, are subject to a not negligible aging (also known as degradation) due to the high energy inputs. It can be stated that different factors have an influence on aging. In particular, however, the prevailing environmental conditions as well as the number, frequency and magnitude of energy inputs have an impact on aging. As aging increases, for example, leakage currents occur which lead to a (continuous) heating of the surge arrester.
  • thermal cutoff devices are therefore often used in which the surge arrester is electrically contacted by means of a spring system, wherein the spring system is soldered to the surge arrester with a thermally softenable solder or adhesive. If an inadmissible heating occurs, the solder or the adhesive softens, so that the energy stored in the spring system releases the direct electrical contact with the surge arrester.
  • a strong current flow fault current or leakage current
  • Arcs have a very low conductivity due to the formation of a plasma. In such cases, either a dangerous, because uncontrolled,
  • the invention is based on the object to provide an improved and inexpensive varistor with a separating device, which avoids a disadvantage or several disadvantages of the prior art.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of the
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a third embodiment of
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a fourth embodiment of
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view of the fourth embodiment of the
  • a varistor 1 with a separator A is shown.
  • the varistor has at least a first terminal 2 and a second terminal 3.
  • the separating device A is designed so that it can interrupt the flow of current through the varistor 1 in case of failure.
  • error case is to be understood generally and may include both a thermal overload due to leakage currents and high fault currents.
  • the separating device A has a connection contact 5.
  • the connection contact 5 establishes an electrical contact to a first terminal 2 of the varistor 1.
  • the electrical contact is secured by a thermally softenable holding device 4, so that the connection contact 5 remains electrically conductively connected to the first terminal 2 of the varistor in normal operation.
  • the separating device A further comprises a release agent 6, which is biased by means of a force accumulator 7 in normal operation.
  • a force storage support 8 may be provided on the varistor 1 or on a housing (not shown) around the varistor and / or the separation device or another element of the separation device A.
  • the varistor 1 and / or the holding device 4 and / or other components are heated in thermal proximity, whereby the thermal softenable holding device is indirectly and / or directly heated so far that the thermally softenable holding device 4 softens.
  • the connection contact 5 is mechanically separated from the first connection 2 of the varistor 1 with the aid of the detachment means 6.
  • the severing device / the release agent 6 is made resistive. As a result, a still flowing current through the varistor 1 is limited to harmless values and at the same time the formation of electric arcs is prevented. This can be achieved in a particularly simple manner if the detachment means 6 reaches the separation by a mechanical intermediate pushing between the first connection 2 and the connection contact 5 and then remains permanently in mechanical and possibly also electrical contact with the first connection 2 and / or the connection contact 5.
  • the externa ßere shape of the release agent 6 is at least partially wedge-shaped, so that the insertion (and possibly separating) is particularly simple.
  • Release agents are used.
  • materials made of plastic and / or ceramic can be used in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner with good electrical and mechanical properties. These may inherently have a corresponding electrical conductivity or by filling with electrically conductive materials and be equipped alternatively or additionally with an electrically conductive surface.
  • the electrical resistance which is applied to a current flow, depending on the relative path of the release means 6 with respect to the first terminal 2 of the varistor 1 and / or the connection contact 5 is. If, in fact, the release agent 6 continues to be pushed in (as shown, for example, in FIG. 5), then the current via the connection contact 5 to the first connection 2 must cover a longer resistive path via the release agent 6 than in a state directly upon release. That is, with the displacement of the resistance (continuously) can be changed, whereby effectively, for example, at the beginning of a low resistance is available, so that first an arc is avoided, and then increase the resistance so that the current can be limited to safe sizes.
  • the (wedge-shaped) gap 9 may be filled by a correspondingly formed electrically insulating portion.
  • the release agent 6 has a portion 9 or more sections 9 which extend in sections transversely to the dashed line shown in the figures between the contact 2 and the terminal contact 5, and which have a lower conductance than other portions of the release agent, so that the electrical resistance the release agent 6 changes depending on the relative current path.
  • the separating device A in embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, provision can also be made for the separating device A to further have an electrical disconnecting means 10 which electrically disconnects the terminal contact 5 from the terminal 2 of the varistor 1, after initially applying a resistively impeded current flow was reached in case of error. That in Figure 5, which shows a tripped state of the separator A, the current flow is now no longer possible because now the insulating wedge 10 is pushed between the terminal contact 5 and the otherwise resistive release agent 6.
  • the softenable holding device 4 may comprise an electrically conductive solder or an electrically conductive adhesive.
  • the release agent 6 furthermore has a further electrical contact 11, wherein the further electrical contact 11 is arranged such that with respect to the first contact 2 and the terminal contact 5 with the resistive material of the release agent 6 a voltage divider is provided.
  • the release means 6 which is arranged substantially transversely to the direction of current flow, now forms the upper part of the release means 6 between the further electrical contact 1 1 and the terminal 5 a first resistor and between the first terminal 2 and the further electrical contact 1 1 a second resistor.
  • a voltage at the additional contact 1 1 is available, which can be used for other functions such as analysis and signaling.
  • this voltage divider is only relevant until the connection contact 5 has been electrically disconnected from the connection 2 of the varistor 1 by means of the electrical disconnection means 10. That is, in this case, for example, the non-application of a voltage at the further electrical contact 1 1 can be used as a sign of the separation.
  • the resistive behavior of the release agent 6 may be different.
  • the release agent 6 may also have a nonlinear resistive behavior, for example, the release agent 6 may have a varistor-like characteristic or a temperature-dependent characteristic, e.g. having a PTC resistor.
  • the invention proposes to reduce the stored energy in the network now over a period of time.
  • the separation point is not abruptly changed from electrically conductive to a high-impedance case, but the invention allows for a certain period, which is determined by the time for the displacement of the release agent 6, to continue that a current flows, but now no arc more arises.
  • a suitable resistance can also be formed in a surrounding housing, or in and through internal housing or mechanical fixing components.
  • the necessary electrical contacting can be done in particular by encapsulation of live parts with resistive plastics.
  • the resistance between the terminal 5 and the first terminal 2 changes during the separation, for example, starting with a low resistance to a high resistance.
  • This can be realized for example by sliding contacts or by slide. It can be ensured that the ohmic contact acts simultaneously with the opening of the separation point, and thus the flowing current is ohmically limited. As a result, the magnetic energy can be reduced, so that it can not come as in conventional devices to a sharp increase in the voltage at the separation point.
  • only one limitation (FIGS. 1 and 2) of the current to a harmless value or even a complete separation (FIGS. 3 to 5) is provided.
  • the resistance or the resistance profile can be chosen so that the current flow is already reduced to such an extent at the time of separation by means of the separating means 10 that separation can now be provided without the risk of an electric arc.
  • varistor 1 or other surge arresters such as spark plugs or TVS diodes
  • the inventive design of the design effort is reduced while allowing low volumes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Resistors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a varistor (1) comprising a disconnecting device (A) which can interrupt the flow of current through the varistor (1) in case of a fault. The disconnecting device (A) includes a terminal contact (5) that establishes an electrical contact with a first terminal (2) of the varistor (1), the electrical contact being secured by a thermally softenable holding device (4). The disconnecting device (A) further includes a separating means (6) which is biased by an energy accumulator (7) and which, in case of a fault, mechanically separates the terminal contact (5) from the first terminal (2) of the varistor (1) when the thermally softenable holding device (4) softens. The separating means (6) is resistive in order to limit the current flowing through the varistor (1) and prevent electric arcs from forming.

Description

Varistor mit einer Abtrennvorrichtung  Varistor with a separator
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Varistor mit einer Abtrennvorrichtung. The invention relates to a varistor with a separating device.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist bekannt, dass Überspannungsabieiter, und insbesondere Varistoren, auf Grund der hohen Energieeinträge einer nicht zu vernachlässigenden Alterung (auch als Degradierung bekannt) unterliegen. Dabei kann festgestellt werden, dass unterschiedliche Faktoren einen Einfluss auf die Alterung haben. Insbesondere haben jedoch die vorherrschenden Umgebungsbedingungen als auch die Zahl, die Häufigkeit und die Stärke von Energieeinträgen einen Einfluss auf die Alterung. Mit zunehmender Alterung treten beispielsweise Leckströme auf, die zu einer (kontinuierlichen) Erwärmung des Überspannungsabieiters führen. It is known from the prior art that surge arresters, and in particular varistors, are subject to a not negligible aging (also known as degradation) due to the high energy inputs. It can be stated that different factors have an influence on aging. In particular, however, the prevailing environmental conditions as well as the number, frequency and magnitude of energy inputs have an impact on aging. As aging increases, for example, leakage currents occur which lead to a (continuous) heating of the surge arrester.
Zum Schutz der Überspannungsabieiter als auch umgebender Einrichtungen werden daher häufig thermische Abtrennvorrichtungen eingesetzt, bei denen der Überspannungsabieiter mittels eines Federsystems elektrisch kontaktiert wird, wobei das Federsystem verlötet an den Überspannungsabieiter mit einem thermisch erweichbaren Lot oder Kleber befestigt wird. Tritt nun eine unzulässige Erwärmung auf, wird das Lot oder der Kleber weich, so dass die im Federsystem gespeicherte Energie den unmittelbaren elektrischen Kontakt zum Überspannungsabieiter löst. Allerdings gibt es Fehlerfälle, bei denen bereits ein starker Stromfluss (Fehlerstrom oder Leckstrom) eingesetzt hat. In diesen Fällen wird es - insbesondere bei Gleichspannungsnetzen (DC-Netzen)- sehr schwierig einen Lichtbogen, der beim Auftrennen entsteht, zu unterbrechen und somit den Stromfluss abzutrennen. Lichtbögen weisen auf Grund der Ausbildung eines Plasmas eine sehr geringe Leitfähigkeit auf. In solchen Fällen tritt entweder eine gefährliche, weil unkontrollierte,To protect the surge arrester as well as surrounding devices, thermal cutoff devices are therefore often used in which the surge arrester is electrically contacted by means of a spring system, wherein the spring system is soldered to the surge arrester with a thermally softenable solder or adhesive. If an inadmissible heating occurs, the solder or the adhesive softens, so that the energy stored in the spring system releases the direct electrical contact with the surge arrester. However, there are errors in which a strong current flow (fault current or leakage current) has already been used. In these cases, it is very difficult to interrupt an arc which occurs during the separation, and thus to separate off the current flow, in particular in the case of DC voltage grids (DC grids). Arcs have a very low conductivity due to the formation of a plasma. In such cases, either a dangerous, because uncontrolled,
Zerstörung des Überspannungsabieiters auf, oder aber eine vorgeschaltete Sicherung wird ausgelöst, sodass nun aber nicht nur der Überspannungsabieiter sondern auch die eigentliche zu schützenden Geräte vom Netz getrennt sind. Dis führt zu nicht unerheblichen und kostenträchtigen Stillstandzeiten. Destruction of the surge arrester, or an upstream fuse is triggered, but now not only the surge arrester but also the actual devices to be protected are disconnected from the mains. Dis leads to not inconsiderable and costly downtimes.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind daher zahlreiche Vorrichtungen bekannt, die das Löschen des Lichtbogens durch Einschieben von isolierenden Schutzelementen lösen. Dabei soll unmittelbar eine erhöhte Isolationsstrecke erzeugt werden, um die Bildung und die Auswirkungen von Lichtbögen an der (auftrennenden) Kontaktstelle zu unterbinden. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil dieses Systems ist es, dass die schlagartige Unterbrechung des bereits fließenden Leckstromes zu einem starken Anstieg der Spannung an der Kontaktstelle selbst führt. Hierdurch wird die Isolation des Systems hoch belastet, so dass es zu Überschlägen kommen kann und dadurch das gesamte System wiederum versagt. Ursache hierfür ist die magnetische Energie, die zum Zeitpunkt der Auftrennung durch den bereits fließenden Strom im elektrischen Netz gespeichert ist. Diese in den Zuleitungen gespeicherte Energie muss zwingend abgebaut werden. Je schneller also der Strom unterbrochen wird, umso stärker steigt die Spannung an der Trennstelle an. Therefore, numerous devices are known from the prior art, which solve the extinguishing of the arc by inserting insulating protective elements. In this case, immediately an increased isolation distance is to be generated in order to prevent the formation and the effects of arcs at the (disconnecting) contact point. A major disadvantage of this system is that the sudden interruption of the already flowing leakage current leads to a sharp increase in the voltage at the contact point itself. As a result, the isolation of the system is heavily loaded, so that it can cause flashovers and thereby the entire system fails again. This is due to the magnetic energy stored at the time of separation by the already flowing current in the electrical network. This stored energy in the supply lines must be reduced compulsorily. The faster the current is interrupted, the more the voltage at the point of separation increases.
Daher sind die Anforderungen an diese Vorrichtungen extrem hoch, sodass diese nur mit hohem Designaufwand entwickelt werden können und zudem kostenträchtig in Bezug auf Materialien und Herstellung sind. Weiterhin ist festzustellen, dass die bisherigen Vorrichtungen zu einer erheblichen Vergrößerung der Bauvolumina führen, wohingegen der Markt eine zunehmende Miniaturisierung verlangt. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen verbesserten und kostengünstigen Varistor mit einer Abtrennvorrichtung bereitzustellen, der einen Nachteil oder mehrere Nachteile aus dem Stand der Technik vermeidet. Therefore, the requirements for these devices are extremely high, so that they can be developed only with great design effort and are also costly in terms of materials and manufacturing. Furthermore, it should be noted that the previous devices lead to a significant increase in construction volumes, whereas the market requires increasing miniaturization. The invention is based on the object to provide an improved and inexpensive varistor with a separating device, which avoids a disadvantage or several disadvantages of the prior art.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben bzw. in der Beschreibung beschrieben. The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims or described in the description.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die anliegende Zeichnung anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsformen näher erläutert. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings with reference to preferred embodiments.
Es zeigen Show it
Fig. 1 eine schematische Schnitt-Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform der Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of the
Erfindung,  Invention,
Fig. 2 eine schematische Schnitt-Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, Fig. 3 eine schematische Schnitt-Darstellung einer dritten Ausführungsform der2 is a schematic sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention, Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a third embodiment of
Erfindung, Invention,
Fig. 4 eine schematische Schnitt-Darstellung einer vierten Ausführungsform der  Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a fourth embodiment of
Erfindung, und  Invention, and
Fig. 5 eine schematische Schnitt-Darstellung der vierten Ausführungsform der Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view of the fourth embodiment of the
Erfindung in einem ausgelösten Zustand.  Invention in a triggered state.
Nachstehend wird Bezug auf die Figuren genommen werden, wobei gleiche Referenzzeichen für gleiche Elemente stehen, so dass Elemente, die in Zusammenhang mit einer Figur beschrieben wurden, nicht notwendigerweise nochmals beschrieben werden. Reference will now be made to the figures, wherein like reference numerals represent like elements, so elements described in connection with a figure will not necessarily be described again.
In den Figuren ist ein Varistor 1 mit einer Abtrennvorrichtung A gezeigt. Der Varistor weist zumindest einen ersten Anschluss 2 und ein zweiten Anschluss 3 auf. In the figures, a varistor 1 with a separator A is shown. The varistor has at least a first terminal 2 and a second terminal 3.
Die Abtrennvorrichtung A ist so gestaltet, dass sie in einem Fehlerfall den Stromfluss durch den Varistor 1 unterbrechen kann. Dabei ist Fehlerfall allgemein zu verstehen und kann sowohl eine thermische Überlastung durch Leckströme als auch durch hohe Fehlerströme umfassen. The separating device A is designed so that it can interrupt the flow of current through the varistor 1 in case of failure. In this case, error case is to be understood generally and may include both a thermal overload due to leakage currents and high fault currents.
Hierzu weist die Abtrennvorrichtung A einen Anschlusskontakt 5 auf. Der Anschlusskontakt 5 stellt einen elektrischen Kontakt zu einem ersten Anschluss 2 des Varistors 1 her. Der elektrische Kontakt ist durch eine thermisch erweichbare Halteeinrichtung 4 gesichert, sodass der Anschlusskontakt 5 im normalen Betriebsfall elektrisch leitend mit dem ersten Anschluss 2 des Varistors verbunden bleibt. For this purpose, the separating device A has a connection contact 5. The connection contact 5 establishes an electrical contact to a first terminal 2 of the varistor 1. The electrical contact is secured by a thermally softenable holding device 4, so that the connection contact 5 remains electrically conductively connected to the first terminal 2 of the varistor in normal operation.
Weiterhin weist die Abtrennvorrichtung A weiterhin ein Ablösemittel 6 auf, das mittels eines Kraftspeichers 7 im normalen Betriebsfall vorgespannt ist. Beispielsweise kann hierzu ein Kraftspeicherauflager 8 am Varistor 1 oder an einem (nicht dargestellten) Gehäuse um den Varistor und / oder die Abtrennvorrichtung oder einem anderen Element der Abtrennvorrichtung A vorgesehen sein. In einem Fehlerfall erhitzt sich der Varistor 1 und / oder die Halteeinrichtung 4 und / oder andere Bauteile in thermischer Nachbarschaft, wodurch die thermische erweichbare Halteeinrichtung mittelbar und / oder unmittelbar so weit erwärmt wird, dass die thermisch erweichbare Halteeinrichtung 4 erweicht. Dann wird vermittels des Kraftspeichers 7 der Anschlusskontakt 5 von dem ersten Anschluss 2 des Varistors 1 mechanisch mit Hilfe des Ablösemittels 6 getrennt. Um Lichtbögen weitestgehend zu vermeiden ist nunmehr aber die Abtrennvorrichtung / das Ablösemittel 6 resistiv ausgeführt. Dies führt im Ergebnis dazu, dass ein noch fließender Strom durch den Varistor 1 auf ungefährliche Werte begrenzt wird und zugleich die Bildung von Lichtbögen verhindert wird. Besonders einfach kann dies erreicht werde, wenn das Ablösemittel 6 die Trennung durch ein mechanisches Zwischenschieben zwischen den ersten Anschluss 2 und den Anschlusskontakt 5 erreicht und anschließend dauerhaft mit dem ersten Anschluss 2 und / oder dem Anschlusskontakt 5 in mechanischem und gegebenenfalls auch elektrischem Kontakt verbleibt. Furthermore, the separating device A further comprises a release agent 6, which is biased by means of a force accumulator 7 in normal operation. For example, a force storage support 8 may be provided on the varistor 1 or on a housing (not shown) around the varistor and / or the separation device or another element of the separation device A. In the event of a fault, the varistor 1 and / or the holding device 4 and / or other components are heated in thermal proximity, whereby the thermal softenable holding device is indirectly and / or directly heated so far that the thermally softenable holding device 4 softens. Then, by means of the force accumulator 7, the connection contact 5 is mechanically separated from the first connection 2 of the varistor 1 with the aid of the detachment means 6. In order to avoid arcing as far as possible, however, now the severing device / the release agent 6 is made resistive. As a result, a still flowing current through the varistor 1 is limited to harmless values and at the same time the formation of electric arcs is prevented. This can be achieved in a particularly simple manner if the detachment means 6 reaches the separation by a mechanical intermediate pushing between the first connection 2 and the connection contact 5 and then remains permanently in mechanical and possibly also electrical contact with the first connection 2 and / or the connection contact 5.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die äu ßere Form des Ablösemittels 6 zumindest abschnittsweise keilförmig, so dass das Einschieben (und eventuelles Trennen) besonders einfach ist. Ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit können unterschiedliche Materialien für dasIn an advantageous embodiment, the externa ßere shape of the release agent 6 is at least partially wedge-shaped, so that the insertion (and possibly separating) is particularly simple. Without limitation of generality, different materials for the
Ablösemittel verwendet werden. Besonders einfach und kostengünstig bei guten elektrischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften können jedoch Werkstoffe aus Kunststoff und / oder Keramik zum Einsatz kommen. Diese können selbst über eine entsprechende elektrische Leitfähigkeit inhärent oder durch Füllung mit elektrisch leitenden Stoffen verfügen und alternativ oder zusätzlich mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Oberfläche ausgestattet sein. Release agents are used. However, materials made of plastic and / or ceramic can be used in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner with good electrical and mechanical properties. These may inherently have a corresponding electrical conductivity or by filling with electrically conductive materials and be equipped alternatively or additionally with an electrically conductive surface.
Insbesondere kann z.B. durch eine Ausgestaltung, wie sie in den Figuren 2 bis 5 gezeigt ist, erreicht werden, dass der elektrische Widerstand, der auf einen Stromfluss ausgeübt wird, abhängig vom relativen Weg des Ablösemittels 6 in Bezug zum ersten Anschluss 2 des Varistors 1 und / oder dem Anschlusskontakt 5 ist. Wird nämlich das Ablösemittel 6 weiter eingeschoben (wie z.B. in Figur 5 gezeigt), so muss der Strom über den Anschlusskontakt 5 hin zum ersten Anschluss 2 einen längeren resistiven Weg über das Ablösemittel 6 zurücklegen als in einem Zustand direkt beim Ablösen. D.h. mit dem Verschiebeweg kann der Widerstand (kontinuierlich) geändert werden, wodurch wirkungsvoll z.B. am Anfang eine geringer Widerstand zur Verfügung steht, so dass zunächst ein Lichtbogen vermieden wird, um anschließend den Widerstand so zu erhöhen, dass der Strom auf ungefährliche Größen beschränkt werden kann. In particular, can be achieved, for example, by an embodiment, as shown in Figures 2 to 5, that the electrical resistance, which is applied to a current flow, depending on the relative path of the release means 6 with respect to the first terminal 2 of the varistor 1 and / or the connection contact 5 is. If, in fact, the release agent 6 continues to be pushed in (as shown, for example, in FIG. 5), then the current via the connection contact 5 to the first connection 2 must cover a longer resistive path via the release agent 6 than in a state directly upon release. That is, with the displacement of the resistance (continuously) can be changed, whereby effectively, for example, at the beginning of a low resistance is available, so that first an arc is avoided, and then increase the resistance so that the current can be limited to safe sizes.
Dabei kann z.B. wie in den Figuren 2 bis 5 gezeigt entweder ein (keilförmiger) Spalt 9 verbleiben oder alternativ kann der (keilförmige) Spalt 9 durch einen entsprechend ausgebildeten elektrisch isolierenden Abschnitt ausgefüllt sein. Dies kann z.B. zur Erzielung verbesserter elektrischer und / oder mechanischer Eigenschaften vorteilhaft sein. D.h. das Ablösemittel 6 weist einen Abschnitt 9 oder mehrere Abschnitte 9 auf, die sich abschnittsweise quer zur in den Figuren gestrichelt dargestellten Verbindungslinie zwischen dem Kontakt 2 und dem Anschlusskontakt 5 erstrecken, und die einen niedrigeren Leitwert aufweisen als andere Abschnitte des Ablösemittels, sodass der elektrische Widerstand des Ablösemittels 6 abhängig vom relativen Stromweg sich ändert. In this case, e.g. As shown in Figures 2 to 5 either a (wedge-shaped) gap 9 remain or alternatively, the (wedge-shaped) gap 9 may be filled by a correspondingly formed electrically insulating portion. This can e.g. be advantageous for achieving improved electrical and / or mechanical properties. That the release agent 6 has a portion 9 or more sections 9 which extend in sections transversely to the dashed line shown in the figures between the contact 2 and the terminal contact 5, and which have a lower conductance than other portions of the release agent, so that the electrical resistance the release agent 6 changes depending on the relative current path.
In Ausführungsformen, wie sie in den Figuren 3 bis 5 dargestellt sind, kann zudem vorgesehen sein, dass die Abtrennvorrichtung A weiterhin ein elektrisches Abtrennmittel 10 aufweist, das den Anschlusskontakt 5 von dem Anschluss 2 des Varistors 1 elektrisch trennt, nachdem zunächst ein resistiv behinderter Stromfluss im Fehlerfall erreicht wurde. D.h. in Figur 5, die einen ausgelösten Zustand der Abtrennvorrichtung A zeigt, ist der Stromfluss nun nicht mehr möglich, da nunmehr der isolierende Keil 10 zwischen den Anschlusskontakt 5 und das ansonsten resistive Ablösemittel 6 geschoben ist. In embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, provision can also be made for the separating device A to further have an electrical disconnecting means 10 which electrically disconnects the terminal contact 5 from the terminal 2 of the varistor 1, after initially applying a resistively impeded current flow was reached in case of error. That in Figure 5, which shows a tripped state of the separator A, the current flow is now no longer possible because now the insulating wedge 10 is pushed between the terminal contact 5 and the otherwise resistive release agent 6.
Ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit der Erfindung kann die erweichbare Halteeinrichtung 4 ein elektrisch leitfähiges Lot oder einen elektrisch leitfähiger Kleber aufweisen. In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung kann vorgesehen sein, dass das Ablösemittel 6 weiterhin einen weiteren elektrischen Kontakt 1 1 aufweist, wobei der weitere elektrische Kontakt 1 1 so angeordnet ist, dass in Bezug auf den ersten Kontakt 2 und den Anschlusskontakt 5 mit dem resistiven Material des Ablösemittels 6 ein Spannungsteiler zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Without limiting the generality of the invention, the softenable holding device 4 may comprise an electrically conductive solder or an electrically conductive adhesive. In an advantageous development, it can be provided that the release agent 6 furthermore has a further electrical contact 11, wherein the further electrical contact 11 is arranged such that with respect to the first contact 2 and the terminal contact 5 with the resistive material of the release agent 6 a voltage divider is provided.
Innerhalb des Ablösemittels 6, das im Wesentlichen quer zur Stromflussrichtung angeordnet ist, bildet nunmehr der obere Teil des Ablösemittels 6 zwischen dem weiteren elektrischen Kontakt 1 1 und dem Anschlusskontakt 5 einen ersten Widerstand und zwischen dem ersten Anschluss 2 und dem weiteren elektrischen Kontakt 1 1 einen zweiten Widerstand. Somit steht an dem weiteren elektrischen Kontakt 1 1 ein Spannungsteiler zur Verfügung, so dass (z.B. auch nach dem Auslösen im Fehlerfall) eine Spannung an dem zusätzlichen Kontakt 1 1 zur Verfügung steht, die für weitere Funktionen wie Analyse und Signalisierung genutzt werden kann. In der Ausführungsform der Figuren 3 bis 5 ist dieser Spannungsteiler jedoch nur so lange von Relevanz, bis der Anschlusskontakt 5 von dem Anschluss 2 des Varistors 1 mittels des elektrischen Abtrennmittels 10 elektrisch getrennt wurde. D.h. in diesem Fall kann z.B. das Nichtanliegen einer Spannung am weiteren elektrischen Kontakt 1 1 als Zeichen der Abtrennung genutzt werden. Within the release means 6, which is arranged substantially transversely to the direction of current flow, now forms the upper part of the release means 6 between the further electrical contact 1 1 and the terminal 5 a first resistor and between the first terminal 2 and the further electrical contact 1 1 a second resistor. Thus, at the further electrical contact 1 1 is a voltage divider available, so that (eg, even after triggering in the event of a fault), a voltage at the additional contact 1 1 is available, which can be used for other functions such as analysis and signaling. In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 to 5, however, this voltage divider is only relevant until the connection contact 5 has been electrically disconnected from the connection 2 of the varistor 1 by means of the electrical disconnection means 10. That is, in this case, for example, the non-application of a voltage at the further electrical contact 1 1 can be used as a sign of the separation.
Ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit der Erfindung kann das resistive Verhalten des Ablösemittels 6 unterschiedlicher Natur sein. Insbesondere kann es neben einem linearen resistiven Verhalten auch ein nichtlineares resistives Verhalten aufweisen, beispielsweise kann das Ablösemittel 6 eine Varistor-artige Kennlinie oder eine Temperatur-abhängige Kennlinie, z.B. die eines PTC-Widerstandes, aufweisen. Without limiting the generality of the invention, the resistive behavior of the release agent 6 may be different. In particular, besides a linear resistive behavior, it may also have a nonlinear resistive behavior, for example, the release agent 6 may have a varistor-like characteristic or a temperature-dependent characteristic, e.g. having a PTC resistor.
D.h. die Erfindung schlägt vor die im Netz noch gespeicherte Energie nunmehr über einen gewissen Zeitraum abzubauen. Hierzu wird die Trennstelle nicht schlagartig von elektrisch leitend in einen hochohmigen Fall geändert, sondern die Erfindung lässt für einen gewissen Zeitraum, der durch die Zeit für die Verschiebung des Ablösemittels 6 bestimmbar ist, zu, dass weiterhin ein Strom fließt, wobei nun aber kein Lichtbogen mehr entsteht. That The invention proposes to reduce the stored energy in the network now over a period of time. For this purpose, the separation point is not abruptly changed from electrically conductive to a high-impedance case, but the invention allows for a certain period, which is determined by the time for the displacement of the release agent 6, to continue that a current flows, but now no arc more arises.
Durch eine geeignete Gestaltung, z.B. durch den Einsatz geeigneter Werkstoffe, wie z.B. resistive Kunststoffe, kann ein geeigneter Widerstand auch in einem umgebenden Gehäuse, bzw. in und durch innen-liegende Gehäuse- oder mechanische Fixierkomponenten gebildet werden. Hierbei kann die notwendige elektrische Kontaktierung insbesondere auch durch Umspritzen von spannungsführenden Teilen mit resistiven Kunstoffen erfolgen. By suitable design, e.g. through the use of suitable materials, e.g. Resistive plastics, a suitable resistance can also be formed in a surrounding housing, or in and through internal housing or mechanical fixing components. In this case, the necessary electrical contacting can be done in particular by encapsulation of live parts with resistive plastics.
Besonders Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn sich der Widerstand zwischen dem Anschlusskontakt 5 und dem ersten Anschluss 2 während der Trennung ändert, z.B. beginnend mit einem niedrigen Widerstand hin zu einem hohen Widerstand. Dieses kann z.B. durch Gleitkontakte oder durch Schieber realisiert werden. Dabei kann sichergestellt werden, dass gleichzeitig mit dem Öffnen der Trennstelle die ohmsche Kontaktierung wirkt, und somit der fließende Strom ohmsch begrenzt wird. Hierdurch kann die magnetische Energie abgebaut werden, so dass es nicht wie bei herkömmlichen Einrichtungen zu einem starken Anstieg der Spannung an der Trennstelle kommen kann. Je nach Ausführungsform wird dabei nur eine Begrenzung (Figur 1 und 2) des Stromes auf einen ungefährlichen Wert oder aber auch eine komplette Abtrennung (Figuren 3 bis 5) zur Verfügung gestellt. It is particularly advantageous if the resistance between the terminal 5 and the first terminal 2 changes during the separation, for example, starting with a low resistance to a high resistance. This can be realized for example by sliding contacts or by slide. It can be ensured that the ohmic contact acts simultaneously with the opening of the separation point, and thus the flowing current is ohmically limited. As a result, the magnetic energy can be reduced, so that it can not come as in conventional devices to a sharp increase in the voltage at the separation point. Depending on the embodiment, only one limitation (FIGS. 1 and 2) of the current to a harmless value or even a complete separation (FIGS. 3 to 5) is provided.
Besonders vorteilhaft kann im Falle der Figuren 3 bis 5 der Widerstand bzw. der Widerstandsverlauf so gewählt sein, dass zum Zeitpunkt des Auftrennens mittels des Abtrennmittels 10 der Stromfluss bereits so weit reduziert ist, dass nunmehr eine Auftrennung ohne die Gefahr eines Lichtbogens bereitgestellt werden kann. Particularly advantageously, in the case of FIGS. 3 to 5, the resistance or the resistance profile can be chosen so that the current flow is already reduced to such an extent at the time of separation by means of the separating means 10 that separation can now be provided without the risk of an electric arc.
Mittels der Erfindung ist es somit möglich den Varistor 1 (oder auch andere Überspannungsabieiter wie z.B. Funkenstecken oder TVS-Dioden) in einen sicheren Zustand zu überführen ohne jedoch die Sicherheit und den weiteren Betrieb einer durch den Überspannungsabieiter geschützten Anlage zu gefährden. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung wird der Designaufwand verringert und zugleich geringe Bauvolumina ermöglicht. By means of the invention, it is thus possible to transform the varistor 1 (or other surge arresters such as spark plugs or TVS diodes) into a safe state without endangering the safety and further operation of a system protected by the surge arrester. The inventive design of the design effort is reduced while allowing low volumes.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
Varistor 1Varistor 1
Erster Anschluss 2First connection 2
Zweiter Anschluss 3Second connection 3
Halteeinrichtung 4Holding device 4
Anschlusskontakt 5Connection contact 5
Ablösemittel 6Release agent 6
Kraftspeicher 7Power storage 7
Kraftspeicherauflager 8Force storage support 8
Abschnitt 9Section 9
Elektrisches Abtrennmittel 10Electric release agent 10
Weiter elektrischer Kontakt 1 1Next electrical contact 1 1
Abtrennvorrichtung A Separator A

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Varistor (1 ) mit einer Abtrennvorrichtung (A), wobei die Abtrennvorrichtung (A) in einem Fehlerfall den Stromfluss durch den Varistor (1 ) unterbrechen kann, wobei die Abtrennvorrichtung (A) einen Anschlusskontakt (5) aufweist, der einen elektrischen Kontakt zu einem ersten Anschluss (2) des Varistors (1 ) herstellt, wobei der elektrische Kontakt durch eine thermisch erweichbare Halteeinrichtung (4) gesichert ist, wobei die Abtrennvorrichtung (A) weiterhin ein Ablösemittel (6) aufweist, das mittels eines Kraftspeichers (7) vorgespannt ist, und das in einem Fehlerfall, wenn die thermisch erweichbare Halteeinrichtung (4) erweicht, den Anschlusskontakt (5) von dem ersten Anschluss (2) des Varistors (1 ) mechanisch trennt, wobei das Ablösemittel (6) resistiv ausgeführt ist, um den Strom durch den Varistor (1 ) zu begrenzen und Lichtbögen zu vermeiden. 1 . Varistor (1) with a separating device (A), wherein the separating device (A) can interrupt the flow of current through the varistor (1) in an error case, wherein the separating device (A) has a connection contact (5) which makes an electrical contact to a first terminal (2) of the varistor (1) produces, wherein the electrical contact is secured by a thermally softenable holding means (4), wherein the separating device (A) further comprises a release means (6) which is biased by means of an energy accumulator (7) and in the event of a fault, when the thermally softenable holding device (4) softens, mechanically disconnects the terminal contact (5) from the first terminal (2) of the varistor (1), the disconnect means (6) being made resistive to carry the current through the varistor (1) and to avoid arcing.
2. Varistor (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ablösemittel (6) die Trennung durch ein mechanisches Zwischenschieben erreicht und dabei in dauerhaftem elektrischen Kontakt mit dem ersten Anschluss (2) und / oder dem Anschlusskontakt (5) bleibt. 2. varistor (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the release means (6) achieves the separation by a mechanical intermediate pushing while remaining in permanent electrical contact with the first terminal (2) and / or the terminal contact (5).
3. Varistor (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die äu ßere Form des Ablösemittels (6) zumindest abschnittsweise keilförmig ist. 3. varistor (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the externa ßere shape of the release agent (6) is at least partially wedge-shaped.
4. Varistor (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ablösemittel (6) Kunststoff und / oder Keramik aufweist. 4. Varistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release agent (6) plastic and / or ceramic.
5. Varistor (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrische Widerstand, der auf einen Stromfluss ausgeübt wird, abhängig ist vom relativen Weg des Ablösemittels (6) in Bezug zum ersten Anschluss (2) des Varistors (1 ) und / oder dem Anschlusskontakt (5). 5. varistor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical resistance which is exerted on a current flow, is dependent on the relative distance of the release means (6) with respect to the first terminal (2) of the varistor (1) and / or the connection contact (5).
6. Varistor (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ablösemittel (6) einen oder mehrere Abschnitte (9) aufweist, die sich abschnittsweise quer zur Verbindungslinie zwischen dem ersten Kontakt (2) und dem Anschlusskontakt (5) erstrecken und die einen niedrigeren Leitwert aufweisen als andere Abschnitte, sodass der elektrische Widerstand des Ablösemittels (6) abhängig vom relativen Stromweg sich ändert. 6. varistor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release means (6) has one or more sections (9) extending in sections transverse to the connecting line between the first contact (2) and the terminal contact (5) and the one lower conductance than other portions, so that the electrical resistance of the release means (6) changes depending on the relative current path.
7. Varistor (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abtrennvorrichtung (A) weiterhin ein elektrisches Abtrennmittel (10) aufweist, das den Anschlusskontakt (5) von dem ersten Anschluss (2) des Varistors (1 ) elektrisch trennt, nachdem zunächst ein resistiv behinderter Stromfluss im Fehlerfall erreicht wurde. 7. varistor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separating device (A) further comprises an electrical separating means (10) which electrically separates the terminal contact (5) from the first terminal (2) of the varistor (1) After initially a resistively impeded current flow was achieved in the event of a fault.
8. Varistor (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erweichbare Halteeinrichtung (4) ein elektrisch leitfähiges Lot oder einen elektrisch leitfähiger Kleber aufweist. 8. Varistor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the softenable holding device (4) comprises an electrically conductive solder or an electrically conductive adhesive.
9. Varistor (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ablösemittel (6) weiterhin einen weiteren elektrischen Kontakt (1 1 ) aufweist, wobei der weitere elektrische Kontakt (1 1 ) so angeordnet ist, dass in Bezug auf den ersten Anschluss (2) und den Anschlusskontakt (5) mit dem resistiven Material des Ablösemittels (6) ein Spannungsteiler zur Verfügung gestellt wird. 9. varistor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release means (6) further comprises a further electrical contact (1 1), wherein the further electrical contact (1 1) is arranged so that with respect to the first terminal (2) and the terminal contact (5) with the resistive material of the release means (6) a voltage divider is provided.
10. Varistor (1 ) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ablösemittel (6) ein nichtlineares resistives Verhalten aufweist. 10. varistor (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release agent (6) has a non-linear resistive behavior.
EP16748065.6A 2015-07-13 2016-07-13 Varistor with separating device Active EP3323131B1 (en)

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DE102018212690A1 (en) * 2018-07-30 2020-01-30 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Space-saving separation device
DE102018131975B4 (en) * 2018-12-12 2021-01-14 Dehn Se + Co Kg Thermally triggered display or switching device and surge arrester arrangement with a thermally triggered display or switching device
US11557451B1 (en) * 2021-12-07 2023-01-17 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation High voltage high current fuse with arc interrupter

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CN107820632B (en) 2019-07-23
US10229774B2 (en) 2019-03-12
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CN107820632A (en) 2018-03-20
US20180190414A1 (en) 2018-07-05

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