Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
  • B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
  • B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
  • B01J19/249—Plate-type reactors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
  • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
  • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
  • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D9/0081—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by a single plate-like element ; the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being integrated in one single plate-like element
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
  • B01J2219/00783—Laminate assemblies, i.e. the reactor comprising a stack of plates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
  • B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
  • B01J2219/00822—Metal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
  • B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
  • B01J2219/00835—Comprising catalytically active material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
  • B01J2219/00851—Additional features
  • B01J2219/00855—Surface features
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
  • B01J2219/00851—Additional features
  • B01J2219/00858—Aspects relating to the size of the reactor
  • B01J2219/0086—Dimensions of the flow channels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
  • B01J2219/00851—Additional features
  • B01J2219/00858—Aspects relating to the size of the reactor
  • B01J2219/00864—Channel sizes in the nanometer range, e.g. nanoreactors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
  • B01J2219/00873—Heat exchange
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
  • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
  • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
  • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
  • B22F10/62—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
  • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
  • F28D2021/0022—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for chemical reactors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
  • F28F2260/02—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
  • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

• the present invention relates to reactor-exchangers and exchangers and to their manufacturing process.
• a millistructured reactor-exchanger is a chemical reactor where exchanges of matter and heat are intensified thanks to a geometry of channels whose characteristic dimensions such as the hydraulic diameter are of the order of a millimeter.
• the channels constituting the geometry of these millistructured reactor-exchangers are generally etched on plates assembled together and each of which constitutes a stage of the apparatus.
• the multiple channels that make up the same plate are generally connected to each other and passages are arranged to allow the transfer of the fluid used (gaseous or liquid phase) from one plate to another.
• the millistructured reactor-exchangers are supplied with reactants by a distributor or a distribution zone whose role is to ensure a homogeneous distribution of the reagents in all the channels.
• the product of the reaction implemented in the millistructured exchanger-reactor is collected by a collector which allows its routing outside the apparatus.
• Distribution area means a volume connected to a set of channels and disposed on the same floor and in which circulates reagents conveyed from outside the heat exchanger. reactor to a set of channels and
• Collector means a volume connected to a set of channels and arranged on the same stage and in which the reaction products conveyed from the set of channels to the outside of the exchanger-reactor circulate.
• Some of the channels constituting the reactor-exchanger may be filled with solid forms, for example foams, for the purpose of improving exchanges, and / or catalysts in solid form or in the form of a deposit covering the channel walls and the elements that can fill the channels like the walls of the mosses.
• a millistructured exchanger is an exchanger whose characteristics are similar to those of a millistructured exchanger-reactor and for which we find the elements defined above as (i) the "stages", (ii) “walls”, (iii) “distributors” or “distribution zones” and (iv) "collectors".
• the channels of the millistructured exchangers can also be filled with solid forms such as foams, in order to improve the heat exchange.
• the thermal integration of these devices can be subject to extensive optimization to optimize the heat exchange between fluids circulating in the device at different temperatures through a multi-stage spatial fluid distribution and the use of several distributors and collectors.
• millistructured exchangers proposed for preheating oxygen in a glass furnace are composed of a multitude of millimeter passages arranged on different stages and which are formed through channels connected to each other.
• the channels may be supplied with hot fluids, for example at a temperature of between about 700 ° C. and 950 ° C. by one or more distributors.
• the cooled and heated fluids are conveyed outside the apparatus by one or more collectors.
• a millistructured reactor-exchanger or a millistructured exchanger in the industrial processes concerned, these equipment must have the following properties: - They must be able to work with a product "pressure x temperature" high generally greater than or equal to approximately of the order of 12.10 Pa. ° C (12 000 bar. ° C), which corresponds to a temperature greater than or equal to 600 ° C and a pressure above 20.10 5 Pa (20 bar);
• these manufacturing methods can also be used for the manufacture of the distribution zone or the collector, thus giving them geometric priorities similar to those of the channels such as: (i) - Obtaining a radius between the bottom of the channel and its walls for manufacturing by chemical machining or stamping and dimensioning are not reproducible from one batch to another, or
• the plates consisting of channels of semicircular or right angle sections thus obtained are generally assembled together by diffusion bonding or soldering diffusion.
• the regulatory validation of the design defined by this method requires a burst test according to ASME UG 101.
• the expected burst value for a diffusion-bonded and inconel alloy reactor heat exchanger (HR 120) operating at 25 bar and at 900 ° C. is of the order of 3500 bar at ambient temperature. This is very disadvantageous because this test requires oversize the reactor in order to comply with the burst test, the reactor thus losing its compactness and its efficiency in terms of heat transfer due to the increase of the walls of the channels .
• the assembly of the etched plates by diffusion welding is obtained by the application of a large uniaxial stress (typically of the order of 2MPa to 5MPa) on the matrix consisting of a stack of etched plates and exerted by a press at high temperature for a holding time of several hours.
• a large uniaxial stress typically of the order of 2MPa to 5MPa
• the implementation of this technique is compatible with the manufacture of small devices such as devices contained in a volume of 400mm x 600mm. Beyond these dimensions, the force to be applied to maintain a constant stress becomes too great to be implemented by a high temperature press.
• Some manufacturers using the diffusion welding process overcome the difficulties of implementing a significant constraint by using a so-called self-clamping assembly. This technique does not effectively control the stress applied to the equipment which generates crushes of channels.
• the assembly of the etched plates by diffusion brazing is obtained by the application of a low uni-axial stress (typically of the order of 0.2 MPa) exerted by a press or a self-clamping assembly at high temperature and during a holding time of several hours to the matrix consisting of etched plates.
• a brazing filler metal is deposited according to industrial deposition processes that do not allow to guarantee the perfect control of this deposit. This filler metal is intended to diffuse into the matrix during the brazing operation so as to achieve mechanical joining between the plates.
• the diffusion of the brazing metal can not be controlled, which can lead to discontinuous brazed junctions and which result in a degradation of the mechanical strength of the equipment.
• the equipment manufactured according to the soldering diffusion method and sized according to the ASME section VIII div.l appendix 13.9 in HR120 that we have made did not withstand the application of a pressure of 840.10 5 Pa (840 bar) during the burst test.
• the thickness of the walls and the geometry of the distribution zone have been adapted to increase the contact area between each plate. This has the consequence of limiting the surface / volume ratio, increasing the pressure drop and the poor distribution in the equipment channels.
• ASME code section VIII div.l Appendix 13.9 used for the sizing of this type of brazed equipment does not allow the use of diffusion soldering technology for equipment using fluids containing a lethal gas such as as carbon monoxide for example.
• a diffusion bonded apparatus can not be used for the production of Syngas.
• the equipment manufactured by diffusion brazing is composed "in fine" of a stack of etched plates between which brazed joints are arranged. Therefore, any welding operation on the faces of this equipment leads in most cases to the destruction of soldered joints in the heat affected zone by the welding operation. This phenomenon propagates along the brazed joints and leads in most cases to the rupture of assembly. To overcome this problem, it is sometimes proposed to add thick reinforcement plates at the time of assembly of the brazed matrix so as to provide a frame-type support welding connectors which does not have soldered joint.
• the present invention proposes to solve the disadvantages related to the current manufacturing methods.
• One solution of the present invention is a reactor-exchanger or exchanger comprising at least 3 stages with on each stage at least one millimetric channel area promoting the exchange of heat and at least one distribution zone upstream and / or downstream of the millimeter channel area, characterized in that:
• reactor-exchanger or exchanger is a part that does not have interfaces for assembling between the different stages
• the channels of the millimeter channel area are separated by walls with a thickness of less than 3 mm.
• millimeter channels means channels whose hydraulic diameter is of the order of a millimeter, that is to say less than 1 cm.
• the millimeter channels will have a hydraulic diameter, defined as the ratio between 4 times the cross section on the wet perimeter, between 0.3 mm and 4 mm and a length between 10 mm and 1000 mm.
• the reactor-exchanger or exchanger according to the invention may have one or more of the following characteristics:
• the channels of the millimeter channel area are separated by walls with a thickness of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1.5 mm; -
• the millimeter channel sections are circular in shape.
• reactor-exchanger is a reactor-catalytic exchanger and comprises:
• At least a first stage comprising at least one distribution zone and at least one millimetric channel zone for circulating a gas flow at a temperature at least greater than 700 ° C. so that it supplies a portion of the heat necessary for catalytic reaction;
• At least one second stage comprising at least one distribution zone and at least one millimetric channel zone for circulating a gaseous flow of reactants in the direction of the length of the millimetric channels covered with catalyst in order to react the gas flow;
• At least one third stage comprising at least one distribution zone and at least one millimetric channel zone for circulating the gas flow produced on the second plate so that it provides part of the heat necessary for the catalytic reaction;
• the present invention also relates to the use of an additive manufacturing method for the manufacture of a reactor-exchanger or exchanger according to the invention.
• the additive manufacturing method implements:
• base material at least one metal powder of micro-metric size, and / or
• the additive manufacturing method can implement micrometric sized metal powders that are melted by one or more lasers to produce finished parts of complex shapes in three dimensions.
• the part is built layer by layer, the layers are of the order of 50 ⁇ , depending on the accuracy of the desired shapes and the desired deposition rate.
• the metal to be melted can be provided either by powder bed or by a spray nozzle.
• the lasers used to locally melt the powder are either YAG, fiber or CO 2 lasers and the melting of the powders is carried out under an inert gas (argon, helium, etc.).
• the present invention is not limited to a single additive manufacturing technique but it applies to all known techniques.
• the additive manufacturing method makes it possible to produce cylindrical section channels that have the following advantages (Figure 4): (i) - to offer a better resistance to pressure and thus to allow a significant reduction in the thickness of the walls of the channels, and
• the dimensioning of the wall of straight rectangular section channels (value t3 in FIG. 1) of a nickel alloy reactor-heat exchanger (HR 120), dimensioned according to the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers). ) section VIII div. Appendix 13.9 is 1, 2 mm.
• this wall value calculated by the ASME section VIII div.l is only 0.3 mm, a reduction by four of the wall thickness necessary to maintain the wall thickness. pressure.
• the reduction in the volume of material related to this gain makes it possible (i) to reduce the size of the apparatus with identical production capacity by the fact that the number of channels necessary to reach the production capacity concerned is smaller and thus occupies less space, (ii) to increase the production capacity of the device while maintaining the bulk of the latter which allows to position more channels and thus to process a larger flow of reagents.
• the reduction in wall thicknesses allowed by the modification of the form of the channels offered by additive manufacturing makes it possible to reduce by 30% the overall volume of a reactor-exchanger having the same capacity of producing hydrogen as reactor exchanger manufactured by assembling chemically machined plate.
• Massive which in contrast to assembly techniques such as diffusion brazing or diffusion welding do not have interfaces of assemblages between each etched plate. This property goes in the direction of the mechanical strength of the device by eliminating by construction the presence of weakening lines and eliminating by itself a source of potential fault. Obtaining massive parts by additive manufacturing and the elimination of soldering or diffusion welding interfaces makes it possible to envisage numerous design possibilities without being limited to wall geometries designed to limit the impact of possible defects in the design. assembly such as discontinuities in the brazed joints or welded-diffused interfaces.
• the additive manufacturing makes it possible to achieve unimaginable forms by the traditional manufacturing methods and thus the manufacture of the connectors of the exchanger-reactors or millistructured exchangers can be done in the continuity of the manufacture of the body of the apparatuses. This then makes it possible not to perform welding of the connectors on the body and thus eliminate a source of alteration of the structural integrity of the equipment.
• control of the geometry of the channels by additive manufacturing allows the realization of circular section channels which, in addition to the good pressure resistance that this shape brings, also allows to have an optimal channel shape for the deposition of protective coatings and catalysts which are thus homogeneous throughout the channels.
• the productivity gain aspect is also enabled by reducing the number of manufacturing steps.
• the steps of producing a reactor by integrating the additive manufacturing go from seven to four (FIG. 5).
• the critical steps which can generate a scrapping of a complete apparatus or plates constituting the reactor, four in number using the conventional manufacturing technique by assembly of etched plates, pass to two with the adoption of manufacturing. additive.
• the only remaining steps being the additive manufacturing step and the deposition step of coatings and catalysts.
• a reactor exchanger according to the invention can be used for the production of synthesis gas.
• an exchanger according to the invention can be used in an oxy-fuel combustion process to preheat oxygen.
• the dimensions of the part imposed in particular by the mechanical strength constraints would be 350 mm X 126 mm X 84 mm.
• the total volume of the part produced by additive manufacturing is therefore considerably reduced compared to the equivalent exchanger-reactor produced by the traditional methods of manufacture.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
• Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

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• 2015
  • 2015-07-10 FR FR1556556A patent/FR3038704A1/fr active Pending
• 2016
  • 2016-07-04 US US15/743,452 patent/US20180200690A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-07-04 JP JP2018500508A patent/JP2018521841A/ja active Pending
  • 2016-07-04 EP EP16750923.1A patent/EP3319722A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2016-07-04 CA CA2991383A patent/CA2991383A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-07-04 RU RU2018103041A patent/RU2018103041A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2016-07-04 WO PCT/FR2016/051688 patent/WO2017009538A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2016-07-04 KR KR1020187002640A patent/KR20180030061A/ko unknown
  • 2016-07-04 CN CN201680040121.6A patent/CN107735172A/zh not_active Withdrawn
  • 2016-08-08 FR FR1657633A patent/FR3039888A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

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