EP3316830A1

EP3316830A1 - Heat pads comprising annular heat cells

Info

Publication number: EP3316830A1
Application number: EP16735605.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Karl-Heinz WÖLLER; Pia RÜCKER; Jens Nierle
Original assignee: Beiersdorf AG
Current assignee: Beiersdorf AG
Priority date: 2015-07-03
Filing date: 2016-06-28
Publication date: 2018-05-09
Also published as: WO2017005537A1; JP6756749B2; AU2016290356A1; DE102015212496A1; CN107847343A; US20180303661A1; CA2996091A1; ZA201800714B; MX2018000099A; AU2016290356B2; JP2018519103A

Abstract

The invention relates to heat products for the one-time treatment of and/or as self-therapy for acute, recurrent and/or chronic pain conditions, said heat products comprising annularly arranged heat-generating materials.

Description

Heat pads with annular heat cells

The invention relates to thermal products for single treatment and / or as self-therapy in acute, recurrent and / or chronic pain conditions comprising annularly arranged heat-generating materials.

Thermal products for single treatment and / or as self-therapy for acute, recurrent and / or chronic pain in muscles and / or joints, stiffness, nerve pain, rheumatism, menstrual pain, etc. have enjoyed increasing popularity in Europe, North America and Australia since the 1990s Users and generate constantly growing sales at the manufacturers. As an example, the HANSAPLAST heat therapy ped is mentioned here.

The origin of heat pads with heat generation by exothermic reaction lies in the Asian region. To date, the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) S 4100 "Disposable body warmers" from 1996 is the only recognized standard in the world for the definition of measured quantities and measurement methods of self-heating products, even if the minimum requirements of this standard regarding the period of application by the market - or customer requirements have now proven to be significantly outdated.

In the prior art, heat-generating mixtures have long been known, by way of example WO2013054138 may be mentioned here.

Technological basis of these heat products is usually the controlled and exothermic oxidation of iron powder or finely divided iron filings contained in a mixture, wherein the mixture comprises at least carbon powder, water and a salt as electrolyte or ionomer. As further components of the heat-generating

Substance mixtures can e.g. Charcoal chips, humectants, agglomeration aids, binders, metal salts, organic or inorganic fillers and many other substances may be included to adjust the desired end product properties.

These mixtures of substances known to the person skilled in the art for the release of heat by controlled exothermic oxidation can be used compacted for use in a heat pad as powder or granules, agglomerates, beads, pellets or tablets. For use in the heat pad, the described heat-generating mixtures are usually in

so-called "heat cells" segmented incorporated. These heat cells are usually formed by a defined amount

heat-generating substance mixture is completely enclosed by two interconnected polymer films, wherein at least one polymer film defined must be oxygen-permeable.

The heat cells may also be in the form of a closed tube, tube or bag. Heat generating compositions may also be applied to thermoforming sheets and then sealed (e.g., EP 1782787).

In the heat pad, these heat cells can then be laminated in different sizes, numbers and configurations between two, e.g. bonded by gluing or fusion, bonded carrier substrates, wherein the carrier material adjacent to the oxygen-permeable polymer film of the heat cell must also be oxygen permeable. These carrier substrates may be films, fabrics, nonwovens, gauze or any other suitable carrier substrate for application to the human body.

In one application form, the heat pads are self-adhesive on the side facing the skin later. For this purpose, a corresponding skin-friendly adhesive is applied to the carrier substrate. The adhesive application can be full-surface or partial, e.g.

wavy, punctiform, continuous or interrupted latticed with different

Grid sizes and shapes take place. Adhesives are a variety of different adhesives known in the art, e.g. Acrylate, synthetic rubber or

Silicone adhesive.

To avoid direct skin contact with the heat pad adhesive, e.g. In the case of users who are particularly sensitive to adhesives, the heat pads can also be stuck to the inside of skin-tight clothing parts such as T-shirts or undershirts. However, the forcibly existing heat-insulating air cushion between the skin and the heat pad reduces a good heat transfer from the heat pad to the body.

It is also known not to provide the heat pads self-adhesive, but to attach to the application in prefabricated pockets or recesses of specially made for this purpose belts, hose bandages, camisole, vest or similar fixing aids on the body. The fixation of heat pads by means of patches or medical tapes (medical tapes) is known.

In the application of heat pads as a heat belt, the corresponding heat cells are fixed in a laminate between a skin-facing and a skin-facing carrier substrate.

Since the heat cells in the heat pad or heat belt are activated by contact with oxygen in the air, the heat pads must be in air-impermeable packaging immediately after production be sealed. Only then is the heat pad removed from the packaging and the oxygen contact then initiates the exothermic process (oxidation of the iron contained in the heat-generating mixture).

According to JIS S 4100, the heat generation after 30 min should be so advanced that an application temperature on the skin between 40 and 45 ° C is reached. The disadvantage of this type of heat pads is the fact that the powdery substance mixture in the heat cells during the heat generation process before the application blocks together in total surface to form a stiff solid (clumped, sintered together).

The heat cells are thus no longer suitable for a moving user to follow the changing skin surface contours, it can thereby even certain

Movements are inhibited or obstructed. But even with less disabled

Motion sequences, these rigid heat cells are perceived by many users as disturbing.

Furthermore, such a stiff heat cells can cause the heat pads in and / or movements of the user no longer have full skin surface contact and thus not the full curative heat output of the product is transferred to the user.

One way to reduce the adverse stiffening of heat pads caused by the 'curing' heat cells is e.g. disclosed in DE 69729585 T2. From this, the expert knows that if he replaced the previously usually large-area rectangular heat cells by small, round, oval or rectangular heat cells with specific geometric arrangement to each other over the entire surface of the heat pad in several directions heat cell-free axes arise when moving the user can act as joint axes.

A disadvantage of this solution, however, is that even these smaller heat cells lock each rigid individual cells.

However, the hinge axes have the disadvantage that the range of heat cells of the heat pad must be supported by rigid or semi-rigid materials to twist or

Prevent wrinkling during application.

There are particular embodiments of heat pads, for certain applications. A popular form are heat belts for lumbar use, as disclosed, for example, in US1996 / 0777830.

To remedy the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to provide improved and more elastic heat pads, was therefore the object of the invention. Thermal products according to JIS S 4100 in which the base area containing heat cells is not completely bonded to the skin to be treated, such as only glued at 2 to 3 points products analog ThermaCare® heat pads or SOS® heat envelopes, have the disadvantage that in the Usually centered and non-adhesive area of the heat cells is lifted off the skin during movement of the user and becomes a heat-insulating

Air layer between product and skin results. Since air is a very good heat insulator, this leads to a reduction in the healing effect of the heat products.

In order to prolong the heat output or to achieve a more even heat release, it is known from the prior art (for example in US 2012/0150268 and JP 2005/137465) to add phase-changing material (PCMs) to the heat-generating mixtures.

PCMs are substances that can store or release large amounts of energy when melting or solidifying at a certain temperature. This makes PCMs a latent heat storage and a suitable material to significantly reduce the effects of possible local overheating of heat cells for human application.

When PCMs reach the temperature at which they change phase, e.g. the melting temperature, they absorb large amounts of heat energy at a nearly constant temperature until all the material has melted. When the ambient temperature drops again, the PCMs solidify and release the stored energy.

Suitable PCM materials for use in heat cells are e.g. Alkanes having 14 to 30 carbon atoms or mixtures of these alkanes. Corresponding materials and their use are e.g. disclosed in US 2012/0150268.

A disadvantage of the described PCMs is that they combine during melting with the remaining components of the heat-generating mixture of a heat cell and thus also lock into a stiff overall structure.

Also, the use of microencapsulated PCMs are known to those skilled in the art for heat and cooling pads of the prior art (e.g., US 2003/0109910 and CA 2289971). However, in the known solutions, the microencapsulated PCM is embedded in solutions or gels, which must be heated in a microwave or water bath before use.

Heat - generating mixtures containing a proportion of microencapsulated PCMs suitable for

Heat cells are suitable, are not known.

It was surprising and for the expert not foresee that the rigidity of "by oxidized" heat cells significantly reduced by this and the wearing comfort for the user can be significantly increased if the heat cells are not designed as flat individual structures such as rectangles, circles, ellipsoids, rhomboids, etc. but at least two concentrically arranged and interconnected rings.

According to the invention therefore heat pads with one or more heat cells, thereby

characterized in that the heat cells have an annular shape.

For the purposes of the invention, ring-shaped is a crosshair-like shape, in which at least two concentrically arranged rings, ellipsoids or rectangles are connected to an object by means of connecting structures.

1 shows an inventive annular structure 1 of two concentrically arranged rings 2, 3, which span around a point located in the center point 4 and are bridged over the orthogonal to each other arranged compounds 5, 6. This structural unit is referred to in the context of the invention as a crosshair arrangement or crosshairs.

Also, it was not foreseeable for the skilled worker that by using microencapsulated PCMs a reduction in stiffness can be achieved, since these do not combine with the remaining components of the heat-generating substance mixture and thereby increase the mobility of the cell structure.

In the context of the invention, it is therefore also the case that the heat pads according to the invention have one or more heat cells which contain heat-generating mixtures of substances which have microencapsulated PCMs.

Commercially available encapsulated PCMs are e.g. under the trade name Lurapret® or Micronal® at BASF.

Thermal pads of the invention can be used for direct fixation on the treated

Be body coated self-adhesive or arranged by means of additional fixing aids on the body area to be treated.

Concentric rings have the potential to cushion tensile force due to their curved geometry. In an annular arrangement at most until the curved inner circumference of a ring between two opposing force action points to a straight line or a brittle material breaks before. The absolute inner diameter of the ring attacked by a force thus determines the reduction of the rigidity of a heat cell made in this way.

In contrast to extensive heat cells in which the smallest possible size and thus a plurality of separately arranged heat cells is advantageous for a low rigidity of the overall product, the rigidity of the end products is reduced at annular distinct heat cells with the size of the heat cells. The size of the heat cells can be determined by the circumference and by the number of crosshair arrangements.

The reticule-shaped heat cell can be understood in the basic form as two or more concentrically arranged rings of different diameters with an overlying grid structure. In the simplest case, the heat cell according to the invention has two

different large and concentrically arranged rings, which are spanned and connected by two orthogonal lines whose intersection is in the center of the rings. For the purposes of the invention, rings are also to be understood as meaning closed ring-shaped structures such as ellipses, triangles, rectangles or modifications thereof. For the purposes of the invention, therefore, a structure which corresponds to the outline of a four-leaf clover. (Figure 5)

Another great advantage and novel for the expression of heat cells as crosshairs is the fact that rings not only have mobility potential in the x- and y-axis, but also in the z-axis perpendicular to the plane of the crosshair. This is of particular relevance to users of appropriately designed thermal products when the products over-come out of the body during movement, e.g. B. over joints or the shoulder blade, to be applied.

A self-adhesive or non-adhesive heat product according to the invention analogous to JIS S 4100 can contain a crosshair-shaped heat cell or any number of individual or interconnected crosshair-shaped heat cells, whereby a single large heat cell with cross-haired subunits is formed by joining two or more crosshair-shaped heat cells (FIG. 2). , The reticule-shaped heat cells do not have to be exactly circular, but may also be oval, ellipsoidal, square or rectangular-oblong. Especially for large-area heat products for

Treatment in the lumbar region of the back are rectangular-oblong reticle shapes advantageous.

The base area of a heat cell according to the invention in reticle shape can be from 0.75 cm ² to 1300 cm ² , preferably 3 cm ² to 620 cm ² , particularly preferably 20 cm ² to 320 cm ² , very particularly preferably 50 cm ² to 250 cm ² . Whereby only the area covered by heat-generating substance mixture is meant.

The width of a circle can be from 0.1 cm to 5 cm, preferably 0.2 cm to 3 cm, very particularly preferably 0.25 cm to 2 cm. Likewise, the widths of circles on the x- and y-axis of a flat projected district heating cell may be different, if necessary. Also alternately. This is a good compensation option for a homogeneous user product, especially in large-area, rectangular-oblong or oval circles as heat cells.

A particular advantage of the reticulate shape of the heat cells is the fact that comparatively narrow circles / lines, in contrast to total area heat cells have a significantly lower resistance to breakage. If a force is exerted on the heat cell when applied by movement of the user, the circles / lines break much more easily along the surface of the oxidized mixture due to the smaller width of the composite material

Direction of movement as flat heat cells. As a result, a joint line in the heat cell that is precisely matched to the user can be formed precisely along the respective maximum movement stress.

Preferred distances between the circles or lines are within the total area of a cross hair assembly 0.1 cm to 5 cm, more preferably 0.2 cm to 4 cm and most preferably 0.2 cm to 3 cm.

In all geometric embodiments of reticle arrangement, the spacings in the configurations are to be selected so that the thermal radiation of individual circles / lines overlap in the skin of the user as possible to give a homogeneous feeling of warmth over the entire treatment surface.

With regard to their heights or thicknesses, reticle arrangements according to the invention can differ significantly over the circular area. Thus, the thickness of a crosshair towards its center towards the outer areas can increase significantly as well as decrease, depending on the desired user characteristics.

The height or thickness of the crosshair surface or the circles / lines of a heat cell can be from 0.05 cm to 1, 0 cm, preferably 0.05 cm to 0.7 cm, particularly preferably 0.1 cm to 0.5 cm, most preferably 0, 1 to 0.3 cm vary.

The degree of filling of a reticule-shaped heat cell with heat-generating substance mixture is preferably 50% to 100% of the maximum filling volume, more preferably 70% to 100%, most preferably 90% to 100%.

The weight of a crosshair-shaped heat cell according to the invention is preferably 1 g to 400 g, preferably 2 g to 300 g, more preferably 4 g to 250 g, most preferably 4.5 g to 220 g.

The heat pads according to the invention may contain one or more reticule-shaped heat cells. The heat pads according to the invention preferably have a plurality of crosshair-shaped heat cells, wherein the heat cells can also be connected or interwoven. Wholly or partially self-adhesive hot pads are preferably rectangular-oblong running with tapered ends. The dimensions of the warm pad are highly dependent on the location. Heat pads, for example, provided for the heat treatment of the back, can be up to 40 cm long and 20 cm wide. Universal usable heat pads preferably have a length between 20 cm and 30 cm and a width between 10 cm and 15 cm.

It may be advantageous to offer heat pads in different sizes, matched to different body sizes, for the same application site.

Particularly preferably, these heat pads contain four longitudinally one behind the other

arranged, most preferably interconnected crosshair-shaped heat cells in identical or different configuration in terms of size, shape, length, width, weight, and length and spacing of the circles / lines with each other (Figure 2).

In a further preferred embodiment of this kind heat pads are made in the form of a concave on the sides and rounded at the corners triangle. FIG. 3 shows by way of example a 'triangular' heat pad with four separate heat cells, with a crosshair-shaped heat cell in the center, which is composed of three heat cells in the geometry of FIG

Crosshairs are surrounded.

Heat pads according to the invention preferably contain centrally in the center a heat cell with the geometry of a reticule, which is connected at the end point of each cross line with a further heat cell centered in the direction of the triangle vertices in the form of a reticule (FIG. 3).

Thermal pads according to the invention in the form of a heat belt preferably contain 1 to 8, more preferably 2 to 4, optionally crosshairs interconnected crosshair-shaped heat cells. The heat cells are preferably distributed over a heat-emitting base of less than 25 cm by 35 cm and can be arranged both side by side and one above the other.

In another form of recyclable heat belt, one or more non-adhesive heat pads are placed in suitably prefabricated pockets.

The heat belt has belt elements on both sides, which may consist of a multiplicity of materials and shapes familiar to the person skilled in the art and of different elasticity, and terminate on the longitudinal axes in a common closure system. This preferably exists

common closure system of horizontally or vertically applied parts of Velcro, adhesive, hook fasteners or (push) buttons.

The material of the pockets for receiving the heat pads must be sufficiently stretchable and elastic to ensure a secure hold of the heat pads. In a heat pad according to the invention, crosshair-shaped heat cells may preferably be bonded in a laminate-like manner between longitudinally elastic, particularly preferably bi-elastic, support materials. When using only longitudinally elastic substrates, it is important to ensure maximum reduction in the rigidity of the end product

Crosshair (s) heat cell (s) is arranged with its maximum diameter in the direction of the elasticity of the support materials / are.

Suitable longitudinally or bi-elastic carrier materials are commercially available in a variety of ways. Longitudinally elastic eg as elastic fabric from the company Kümpers, Rheine, Germany, containing a fabric of cotton 4% Lycra, with a basis weight of about 180 g / m ² and a stretchability to over 200% of its initial length. Or, for example, article 016 from KOB, Wolfstein, Germany, a fabric consisting of 70% viscose and 30% polyamide with a ductility of 60%.

Bielastic fabrics are also available from KOB, e.g. Article 023 from 100%

Cotton with a longitudinal extensibility of 85% and a transverse stretchability of 40%, or Article 053 made of a 100% PET fabric with a longitudinal elasticity of 25-40% and a transverse ductility of> 40%.

Further suitable bi-elastic materials are also available, for example, from Innovatec, Troisdorf, Germany, for example thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) having a basis weight of 75 g / m ² and a longitudinal extensibility of 300% and a transverse extensibility of 330%.

Suitable support materials for heat cells according to the invention can be found on

skin-facing side also be advantageous heat-insulating equipped. This, at least in part, thermal insulation reduces the release of heat into the surrounding space, thereby saving heat generating materials in the cells and reducing the overall weight of the final product. The thermal insulation of the supports can be produced in a variety of ways, e.g. by metal foil coatings or by incorporation of natural residues from the Kaffeeschalenaufarbeitung. Products using the latter technology are e.g. commercially available under the name NILIT® Heat.

Naturally, every user of heat pads has their own subjective sense of the heat released. The temperature range for these products specified in the JIS S 4100 can be perceived by different users as being just right, or also, with a large number of intermediate shades, as well as too cold or too hot. One way to remedy this situation for the individual user is to use the skin-remote side of the heat cell assembly of products according to the invention with only slightly adherent

To provide materials of different oxygen permeability, preferably several Materials with inside-out reducing oxygen permeability in laminate form. If the user of such a product has insufficient heat output, he can remove the outer layer of material and more oxygen can reach the exothermic process within a heat cell. This increases the reaction rate and thus the resulting temperature, but with a corresponding reduction of the possible

Total useful life of the heat product. By removing further layers of material, this process can be further individually influenced by the user.

The described principle is also inversely applicable, in which one adds to the heat product correspondingly adhering conditionally oxygen permeable material layers of the

Depending on the personal well-being temperature, users can also look on the outside of the

Heat product can be attached to reduce the supply of oxygen, which in turn leads to a reduced total temperature and a prolonged period of use.

Both principles outlined above can also be carried out with materials of identical oxygen permeability, and then only additive or subtractive mechanisms are used

Reaction History Control to Wear.

A further advantageous possibility for better utilization or release of the thermal energy of cells according to the invention consists in the addition of phase-changing materials (PCMs) to the support materials, but particularly preferably directly as a component of the exothermic

Material mixture.

Particularly preferred for use in exothermic heat mixtures in cross-hair arrangement according to the invention are encapsulated PCMs whose capsule diameter is smaller than the thickness of the crosshair-shaped heat cells and advantageously 0.5 to 1, 5 mm. Since the capsules retain their external shape during the temperature transitions of the PCMs, they do not associate with the reacting and slow-curing heat mixture and thus, by virtue of their size, can act as an inherent force to the user by movement as inherent joints in the heating circuits / lines thereby provide a significantly reduced rigidity when applied to the body.

The disadvantage of poor heat transfer when not fully bonded heat pads can be reduced by on the skin-facing side of the heat pad in the area

Heat cells a lenticular, semi-convex layer of thermally conductive polymers is applied. This lenticular layer may be in the surface extent both circular, as well as ellipsoidal or oval or irregular. In this case, preference is given to polymer layers of silicone, since silicones have very good elasticity and heat conduction properties (eg silicone resins at RT of 0.15 to 0.32 W / mK), but in particular also a comparatively good compression behavior of 15% to 30%. Lenticular silicone layers with a thickness of 0.01 cm to 2.5 cm and a maximum diameter of 2 cm to 20 cm are therefore well suited to ensure the full-surface skin contact of the exothermic heat cells for optimum heat transfer even during movement of the user. This layer is particularly preferably made from silicone polymers having a Shore hardness of less than or equal to 50 Shore A.

Thermal pads according to the invention using reticule-shaped heat cells can be provided with thermal displays. Since the subjective heat sensation of the user can usually be reduced with habituation effects with increasing duration of use and the heat product is thereby removed by the user before the end of the indicated treatment time, optical control of the temperature is advantageous. Corresponding indicators which can visualize the temperature by means of chemical color reactors are e.g. from US

2009/0149925 known to the expert.

For heat belts for multiple use, in which the heat cells containing

Heat pads are renewed before application, it may be advantageous the

To incorporate heat indicators into the non-renewable belt.

Advantageous and in the context of the invention is to equip the heat pads according to the invention with active ingredients to support the therapy. These agents can be used on the

skin-facing side of the products, incorporated in a corresponding depot, be kept ready for use, or even, incorporated in self-adhesive heat pads, in the adhesive matrix (so-called monolithic systems).

Thermal pads according to the invention may e.g. Also with hyperemic agents such as anti-inflammatory drugs and / or analgesics, such as natural agents of cayenne pepper or synthetic agents such as nonivamide, nicotinic acid derivatives, preferably bencylnicotinate or propyl nicotinate, are equipped. Capsaicin ([8-methyl-trans-6-nonanoic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamide)], nonivamide, nicotinic acid benzyl ester or benzyl nicotinate are advantageous.

Likewise, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are suitable as active ingredients, such as glycolic salicylate, flufenamic acid, ibuprofen, etofenamate, ketoprofen, piroxicam, indomethacin. Also well suited are antiphlogistics, such as acetylsalicylic acid, or antipuriginosa, such as polidocanol, isoprenaline, crotamiton, or local anesthetics, such as lidocaine, benzocaine. It is advantageous to dope inventive heat pads with drugs that positively affect the condition of the skin. These active ingredients can not only lead to a better skin compatibility of the self-adhesive thermal pads, but also actively improve the appearance of the skin, for example, wrinkles, scars or cellulite. Particularly preferred active ingredients are biochinones, in particular ubiquinone Q10, creatine, creatinine, carnitine, acetylcarnitine, biotin, isoflavone and isoflavonoids, genistein, arctiin, cardiolipin, lipoic acid, anti-freezing proteins, hop and hops malt extracts, and / or the restructuring of the connective tissue promoting substances, as well as isoflavonoids and isoflavonoid-containing plant extracts such as soy and clover extracts. Also, active ingredients for supporting the skin functions of dry skin such as vitamin C, biotin, carnitine, creatine, creatinine, propionic acid, glycerin, green tea extracts and urea.

Further, as active ingredients, essential oils may be used for a supportive aromatherapy, e.g. in the application of inventive heat pads

Menstrual cramps. The essential oils can be incorporated not only into the wearer-facing carrier substrate, but in particular in the skin-facing away

Carrier substrate. Particularly preferably, the active ingredients are present in encapsulated form.

Essential oils are plant-derived concentrates that are used as natural raw materials mainly in the perfume and food industry and consist more or less of volatile compounds. As examples of these compounds may be mentioned 1,8-cineole, limonene, menthol, borneol and camphor. Often the term essential oils is used for the volatile ingredients still contained in the plants. In the real sense, however, etheric oils are understood to mean mixtures of volatile ones

Components produced by steam distillation from vegetable raw materials.

Essential oils consist exclusively of volatile components whose boiling points are generally between 150 and 300 ° C. They contain predominantly hydrocarbons or monofunctional compounds such as aldehydes, alcohols, esters, ethers and ketones.

Parent compounds are mono- and sesquiterpenes, phenylpropane derivatives and longer-chain aliphatic compounds.

Some essential oils are dominated by an ingredient, for example eugenol in clove oil, with more than 85%, while other essential oils are complex mixtures of the individual constituents. Often the organoleptic properties are not influenced by the main components, but by secondary or trace constituents. such as the 1, 3,5-undecatrienes and pyrazines in galbanum oil. For many of the commercially important essential oils, the number of identified components is in the hundreds. Many many Ingredients are chiral, very often one enantiomer predominates or is exclusively present, such as (-) - menthol in peppermint oil or (-) - linalyl acetate in lavender oil.

Oleum Eucalypti, Oleum Menthae piperitae, Oleum camphoratum, Oleum Rosmarini, Oleum Thymi, Oleum pinis sibricum and Oleum Pinis silverstris, and the terpenes 1,8-Cineol and Levomethanol can be mentioned as preferred essential oils.

Characters:

FIG. 1 shows, by way of example and schematically, a crosshair-shaped arrangement of two concentrically arranged rings 2, 3, which span around a point 4 located in the center and are bridged over the orthogonal connections (cross lines) 5, 6.

FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, a heat pad 7 which has a heat cell 8, the heat cell being in the form of four interconnected cross-hair-shaped units 8 ', 8 ", 8"' and 8 "".

FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, a "triangular" heat pad 9 with two separate heat cells 10, 11, with a crosshair-shaped heat cell 11 located in the center. To the central heat cell 1 1, a heat cell 10 spans, which is formed of three interconnected crosshair-shaped heat cell units 10 ', 10 "and 10"'.

FIG. 4 shows, by way of example, an oblong rectangular heat pad 12 with two reticule-like heat cells 13, 14.

FIG. 5 shows by way of example a heat cell which has two concentrically arranged circles in the form of four-leaf clover leaves, which are connected by four lines intersecting in the center.

Claims

claims

1 . Warmepad with one or more heat cells, characterized in that

at least one of the heat cells has the shape of at least two concentric

arranged and connected to each other via lines rings.

2. Heat pad according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one heat cell has the shape of a reticule.

3. heat pad according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the surface is at least partially equipped with an adhesive layer.

4. heat pad according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the heat cell comprises a heat-generating substance mixture, wherein a defined amount of heat-generating substance mixture of two interconnected polymer films is completely enclosed, wherein at least one

Polymer film is permeable to oxygen.

5. heat pad according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the heat cell comprises a heat-generating substance mixture, wherein a defined amount of heat-generating substance mixture is enclosed in a tube or a tube, wherein the tube or the tube consists of an oxygen-permeable material.

6. Wärmepad according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that the heat cell has a heat-generating substance mixture, the heat-generating substance mixture containing, among other components, at least iron powder and carbon powder.

7. heat belt, comprising at least one heat pad after at least one of

previous claims, characterized in that the heat pad by means attached to the longitudinal axes belt elements in a corresponding

End closure system, a loop-shaped or body enclosing connection allows.

8. Thermal belt according to claim 7, characterized in that the heat cells

are interchangeable.

9. heat pad according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the heat pad is in the shape of a concave on the sides having cut and rounded at the corners triangle and wherein the warm pad has at least four annular heat cells.

10. Warmepad according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that the warm pad has a rectangular-oblong shape and wherein the heat pad has at least two annular heat cells arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction.

1 1. heat pad according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the annular heat cells are designed as interconnected crosshairs.

12. Wärmepad according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized

characterized in that the heat-generating mixtures in at least one

Heat cell microencapsulated PCMs exhibit.

13. Heat pad according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized

in that a lenticular, semi-convex layer of heat-conducting polymers is applied on the side of the heat pad facing the skin in the region of the heat cells.