EP3314065B1

EP3314065B1 - Curtain wall mullions, transoms and systems

Info

Publication number: EP3314065B1
Application number: EP15812070.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Todd Frederick
Original assignee: Fremarq Innovations Inc
Current assignee: Fremarq Innovations Inc
Priority date: 2014-06-25
Filing date: 2015-06-25
Publication date: 2024-01-10
Anticipated expiration: 2035-06-25
Also published as: ES2969324T3; WO2015200614A1; EP3314065A1; CA2951502A1; EP3314065C0; CA2951502C; EP3314065A4

Description

BACKGROUND

There are curtain wall systems or frameworks in which glazing or other panels are fitted. Curtain walls typically comprise a grid-like framework usually made of aluminum profiled members arranged with transoms (i.e., structures that typically run horizontally) and mullions (i.e., structures that typically run vertically). Glazing or window panels and non-transparent panels may be secured against the transoms and mullions. The framing is attached to a building structure.
EP0616092 (A1 ) discloses a rafter and post profile for structures such as winter gardens, facades or the like, having a glass-receiving profile, for example consisting of plastic, and a functional profile, for example consisting of steel, which is connected, on one side, to a glass-receiving profile with glass panes and, on the other side, to a functional profile and a clipped-on cladding profile.
WO2013090415 (A1 ) discloses a curtain wall panel including a frame with a first frame member defining a channel, a cover configured to extend over the first frame member, a spacer formed of a thermally insulating material and including a first end, a body, and a second end, the first end being configured to be secured in the channel of the first frame member in a cammed interference fit by rotating the body of the spacer, and the second end being configured to form a cammed interference fit with the cover.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with aspects of the invention, there is provided a curtain wall mullion or transom for use on a curtain wall system as defined in claim 1, a curtain wall system as defined in claim 7, and a method of manufacturing a mullion or transom as defined in claim 9. Embodiments of the different aspects are defined by dependent claims. The invention pertains to a curtain wall system and separate components such as mullions or transoms that include a thermally insulating component. In some embodiments, the insulating component is a fiberglass component such as a fiberglass reinforced polymer that is bonded to a metal structure. The metal structure may be made of steel or aluminum for instance. The bonding is accomplished using adhesives and produces a mullion or transom having sufficient strength to support the panels or glazing of the curtain wall. The thermally insulating fiberglass component enhances the insulating properties of the mullions, transoms and curtain wall system.
The invention is used in the context of a steel mullion or transom including a stem projecting from the mullion or transom where the stem is configured to project into a space between a first panel and a second panel of a curtain wall. Since the stem is made of thermally insulating material the structure provides enhanced overall insulating properties of a resultant curtain wall system.
Also described herein is a mullion or transom for use on a curtain wall system having at least one panel comprises a metal structural segment and a component made of thermally insulating material and bonded to the metal segment, the component including a seal receiver configured to receive a seal to be positioned between the metal segment and the panel.
Further described herein is a curtain wall system including a cell having a first mullion, a second mullion, a first transom and a second transom, the first transom including a metal structure having a fiberglass component bonded to the metal structure, a panel secured to the cell, the
fiberglass component including a stem configured to support a weight of the panel.
Further described herein is a method of making a component by pultruding a fiberglass to have a profile configured to cover an entirety of an outside of a mullion or transom of a curtain wall and to have a pair of receivers for receiving seals to abut against panels of the curtain wall. Further profiles are contemplated under the methods of making components by pultrusion.
The figures and detailed description and claims that follow more particularly exemplify embodiments and further aspects of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention may be more completely understood in consideration of the following description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a front view of a cell of a curtain wall system .
Figure 2 is a sectional view of a mullion along line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3A is a sectional view of a transom along line 3-3 of Figure 1.
Figure 3B is a sectional view of a transom along line 3-3 of an alternative aspect of Figure 1.
Figure 3C is a sectional view of a transom along line 3-3 of an alternative aspect of Figure 1.
Figure 3D is a sectional view of a transom positioned along a bottom wall of an alternative aspect of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional view of a mullion along line 2-2 of Figure 1, according to variants involving use of aluminum.
Figure 5 is a sectional view of a transom along line 3-3 of Figure 1, according to variants involving use of aluminum.
Figure 6 is a sectional view of a mullion along line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 7 is a sectional view of a transom along line 3-3 of Figure 1.
Figure 8 is a sectional view of a mullion along line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 9 is a sectional view of a mullion along line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 10 is a sectional view of a mullion positioned along an end wall of Figure 1.

While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1 is a front view of a cell 20 of a curtain wall system 22 according to some embodiments. System 22 is shown in partial (and panels are not shown). It may be appreciated that multiple cells 20 may comprise system 22. Figure 2 is a sectional view of a mullion 24 of cell 20. Figure 3 is a sectional view of a transom 26 of cell 20. A similar transom 26' is positioned generally parallel with transom 26. A similar mullion 24' is positioned generally parallel with mullion 24. Together mullions 24, 24' and transoms 26, 26' comprise a single cell 20 of curtain wall system 22. It may be appreciated that mullions 24 and transoms 26 also comprise additional cells 20' or components of cells 20' of system 22. It may be appreciated that panels such as windows, glass, or plates or other objects may be inserted within a cell 20 to cover or span the space, light or opening created by mullions 24 and transoms 26.
As shown in Figure 2, mullion 24 includes a first mullion segment 30. In some embodiments mullion 24 includes a second mullion segment 32 and a third mullion segment 34. Mullion segments 30, 32 and 34 form a mullion 24 and define a mullion cavity 29. In some embodiments mullion 24 is made of steel. Particularly, segments 30, 32 and 34 may be made of steel. In one example, segments 30, 32 and 34 may be formed by bending 12 gage steel sheets. Mullion 24 includes a polymer component 40 which is bonded to mullion 24. Polymer component 40 is formed of a thermally insulating material. Polymer component 40 is made of fiberglass reinforced polymer (FRP). Polymer component 40 is made of material including fiberglass and polyester, or fiberglass and vinyl ester, or fiberglass and polymers, and may include non-fire retardant materials or fire retardant materials. Polymer component 40 may be made using a pultrusion process and may include reinforcing structures or mats to provide structural support. Rovings may be located in the component 40 which may also include an external coating or coatings. Polymer component 40 thus has favorable insulating features. In one exemplary configuration involving steel structural segments 30, 32 and 34, polymer component 40 fills a gap that would otherwise lead from outer side 25 to cavity 29.
According to the invention polymer component 40 is bonded to mullion 24 with an adhesive. Polymer component 40 may include an interlock 42 which is configured to receive tail 31 of first mullion segment 30. Tail 31 may be both friction fit within interlock 42 and also bonded within interlock 42 with an adhesive and/or bonding treatments. Interlock 42 may be a gap defined by polymer component 40. Polymer component 40 may include a lip 43 which in part defines interlock 42 as shown. Polymer component 40 also includes a first arm 44 having a tail-contact surface 45 which is bonded to the outside surface of tail 31. The tail contact surface 45 may cover the entire area of the outside surface of tail 31. In this manner tail 31 is not exposed to the outside element which would otherwise tend to corrode or deteriorate tail 31. Polymer component 40 also includes a second arm 46 having a tail contact surface 47 which may be bonded to the outside surface of tail 33 of third mullion segment 34. Tail contact surface 47 may cover the entirety of the outside surface of tail 33. It may be appreciated that contact surface 47 may also cover less than the entirety of the outside surface of tail 33. Polymer component 40 may also include a further lip 48 configured to adhere to tail 33. Arm 46 may loosely fit against tail 33 (i.e., not be bonded) so that arm 46 may slide with respect to tail 33. Likewise, lip 48 may also be a loose fit against tail 33. It may be appreciated that alternative configurations of polymer component 40 may be used to assist in adhering polymer component 40 to mullion 24 (whether adhering to segment 30, 32 or 34). Polymer component 40 is configured to adhere to mullion 24 while also having a stem portion 80 extending between or into a gap or pocket defined in part by panels 50, 50'. A fastener 39 may insert through a pressure plate 36 and into the stem to secure panels 50, 50' in position. Seals 60, 60 may be positioned between pressure plate 36 and panel frame 52. A cover plate 38 may be positioned to cover pressure plate 36. It may be appreciated that panel 50 may be positioned within cell 20 while panel 50' may be positioned within an adjacent cell 20'.
In embodiments, polymer component 40 includes a seal receiver 49 configured to receive a seal 60. Seal receiver may be defined by seal fingers 41. Seal 60 is configured to insert into seal receiver 49 and between first arm 44 and panel frame 52. Seal 60 may fiction fit to panel frame 52 and may also be bonded to panel frame 52. Seal 60 may be of a conventional variety used in curtain wall systems. Seal 60 may also include a wrap segment 62 to partially cover an edge of first arm 44. Polymer component 40 may include a further seal receiver 49 positioned at or defined by second arm 46. Seal receiver 49 may be configured to receive a seal 66 configured to interact with a shoulder 70 described below. In one configuration, seal 66 is positioned between second mullion segment 32 and third mullion segment 34.
As shown in Figure 2 mullion 24 includes a shoulder 70 connected to second mullion segment 32. In one aspect shoulder 70 includes an interlock 42'. Interlock 42' is configured to receive tail 35 of segment 32. Tail 35 may friction fit within interlock 42' and/or be bonded to shoulder 70 within interlock 42'. Shoulder 70 is made from the same or similar material as is polymer component 40 described above. For instance, shoulder 70 may abut polymer component 40. A sealant 64 may be applied where shoulder 70 meets polymer component 40. Shoulder 70 may include a seal receiver 49'. Receiver 49' is configured to receive a seal 60. Seal receiver 49' may be defined by seal fingers 41. Seal 60 is configured to insert into seal receiver 49' and between shoulder 70 and panel frame 52. Seal 60 may friction fit to panel frame 52. Seal 60 may be of a conventional variety used in curtain wall systems. Panel frame 52 may also be secured to seal 60 with an adhesive. Seal 60 may also include a wrap segment 62 to partially cover an edge of shoulder 70. In a further variation, shoulder 70 may be configured without elbow 71 (i.e., elbow extends from shoulder 70 at line "e" as shown in Figure 2). Tail 35 may extend further toward tail 31 to lessen a gap therebetween. Shoulder 70 may friction fit or interlock and/or bond to tail 35.
It may be appreciated that polymer component 40 and shoulder 70 combine to cover the entirety of the outer side 25 of mullion 24. Particularly, polymer component 40 and shoulder 70 are configured such that no portion of mullion 24 is exposed to outer side 25, nor is any segment of mullion 24 in communication with the panels 50, 50' or the pocket 28 between panels 50, 50'. Maintaining the segments of mullion 24 in isolation from the outside atmosphere improves the insulating characteristics of system 22.
As shown, mullion 24 is a composite structure made of steel segments 30, 32, 34 to which the fiberglass items, such as polymer component 40 and shoulder 70 are bonded or laminated. Polymer component 40 and shoulder 70 are configured to remain connected to mullion 24. For instance, polymer component 40 and shoulder 70 may be continuous in that they span the length of mullion 24.
As shown in Figure 3A, transom 26 (i.e., a horizontally oriented element of cell 20) includes polymer component 140 which is made of material that is the same or similar to the material used to make polymer component 40 referenced above. Polymer component 140 includes a first arm 144 having a transom contact surface 145 and a second arm 146 having a transom contact surface 147. The component 140 is bonded to transom 26 at least at contact surfaces 145, 147. According to the invention, first arm 144 and second arm 146 are bonded with an adhesive to transom wall 130. Wall 130 is formed of metal and in one variant is formed of steel and in may be bent into configuration.
As shown in Figure 3A, wall 130 includes receiving arm 131, 131'. In one example configuration, arm 131 is integrally connected to wall 130 and is configured to receive contact surface 145. Receiving arm 131 may be bent into position as shown for instance in Figure 3 and then welded to transom plate 58 at weld 56. In one example configuration, receiving arm 131 leads to receiving hand 132 and hand 132 is in turn welded to transom plate 58 with weld 56. It may be appreciated that hand 132' may be oriented parallel or at least substantially parallel with hand 132. As such, hand 132 and hand 132' are opposing walls. Polymer component 140 further includes fingers 141a, 141b configured to bond with wall 130. In one example configuration, finger 141a is bonded to hand 132 and finger 141b is bonded to hand 132'. An adhesive is applied between polymer component 140 and wall 130 to securely bond component 140 along an entirety of the exterior surface of arm 131 and continuing about the curve 133 and along hand 132. Likewise an adhesive may be applied to securely bond component 140 along an entirety of the exterior surface of arm 131' and continuing about the curve and along hand 132'. It may be appreciated that the combination of adhesive and the structural matching arrangement of fingers 141 combine to provide a secure bond sufficient to allow component 140 to withstand the forces associated with bearing the weight of panels 50, 50' and other forces associated with or applied to the panels.
Fingers 141a, 141b also allow for efficient alignment of component 140 onto wall 130. Fingers 141 are positioned on component 140 to match the gap between hands 132, 132' and to also receive an adhesive between component 140 and wall 130. Wall 130 is bent with corners 133 to match the contour of finger 141a (and/or vice versa) and the same is presented with finger 141b and at a distance to match the gap between hands 132 , 132', to provide a secure bond. A variety of steps for preparing the surfaces and/or curing or treating the adhesives, as needed, may be used to achieve a secure bond of component 140 to wall 130. It may be appreciated that fingers 141 may be positioned in different locations, and in some applications may be reconfigured into different shapes/dimension and/or removed altogether.
According to the invention polymer component 140 covers the entirety of outer side 125 of transom 26. Such configuration assures that no portion of transom 26 is in communication with the exterior atmosphere or panels 50, 50' or the pocket 28 between panels 50, 50'. Maintaining such isolation improves the insulating characteristics of system 22.
In an embodiment, polymer component 140 includes a seal receiver 149. Receiver 149 is configured to receive a gasket or seal 60. The seal receiver may be defined by seal fingers 41. Seal 60 is configured to insert into seal receiver 149 and between component 40, 140, and panel frame 52, i.e., between first arm 144 and panel frame 52. Seal 60 may be bonded to panel frame 52. Seal 60 may be of a conventional variety used in curtain wall systems.
In accordance with embodiments of the invention, a pressure plate 36 is fastened with a screw 39 to stem 80 of component 140 and applies pressure to seals 60 which in turn apply pressure to panels 50, 50' and against component 140. It may be appreciated that a setting block may be positioned between stem 80 and panel 50. It may be appreciated that component 140 together with pressure plate 36 secure panels 50, 50' to transom 26.
In a furtherembodiment, the stem 80 includes a groove 82 configured to receive a fastener 39 (see also Figure 3B). Groove 82 may include a taper 84 to assist in receiving fastener 39. Groove 82 may be a continuous groove which spans the length of component 40, 140. It may be appreciated that groove 82 operates as a pilot hole to receive and contain fastener 39. In one embodiment groove 82 is configured to securely receive a fastener such as a screw, including a #14 stainless steel HWH SMS screw. A plurality of screws 39 may be inserted along transom to secure a plurality of panels 50, 50' into position. In one instance screws 39 may be positioned at 9 inches on center. Other arrangements may be used as desired.
Figure 3B shows a further variant of transom 26 having a symmetrically disposed polymer component 140. Also shown is a setting block 37 positioned between component 140, particularly, between the stem 80 of component 40, and a panel 50. In one example setting block 37 is a silicone block of about 4 inches to 6 inches in length. Block 37 may also be a continuous length to match the length of transom 26 or in other examples may be a shorter length. Block 37 may include a block tip 37a which is a projection from block 37 configured to abut component 40 for appropriate spacing of block 37 beneath panel 50 within pocket 128. In one example a number of setting blocks 37 may be used and staggered at various locations along the system 22. Blocks 37 may be positioned at quarter points along panel 50, for example. Block 37 or blocks 37 allow for the weight of a panel 50 to be transferred to the stem 80 or polymer component 40. Use of blocks 37 may also be employed with reference to Figure 5 and Figure 7. In this manner the weight of panels 50 is supported by polymer component 40. Pressure plate 36, which is secured to polymer component 40 by a fastener 39, for instance, applies pressure to seals 60, 60, which in turn apply pressure to panels 50, 50'. Seal 60 may include, for instance, a 60 durometer silicone gasket. The interior side seal 60 may include a lineal or moled corner configuration for instance. Pressure plate 36 may also include a weep hole 51 which is an aperture defined by plate 36. Weep hole 51 allows for moisture to escape from pocket 128. A gasket, such as gasket 53 may be positioned between pressure plate 36 and stem 80. Gasket 53 may include a silicone material, such as a 70 durometer silicone gasket separator. It may be appreciated that polymer component 40 extends into pocket 128 between panels 50, 50'. Pressure plate 36 may extend a length of transom 26. Pressure plate 36 may include several weep holes 51 spaced at various positions along the length of plate 36. In one example weep hole 51 may be positioned on pressure plate 36 at a position above polymer component 40 as shown. This allows water or moisture to escape from below panel 50.
Figure 3C shows a further exemplary configuration of transom 26 having a symmetrically disposed polymer component 140. In this case, the transom 26 includes a glazing tape 54 between panel 50 and component 40. In one variant, glazing tape 54 is a two sided glazing tape. Use of glazing tape 54 secures panel to polymer component 40 which is in turn secured to transom wall 130. In addition, a silicone layer 68 such as structural silicone is also positioned between panel 50 and component 40. Together the glazing tape 54 and structural silicone 68 secure panel to transom 26 while also maintaining a seal relationship. A silicone gasket 69 is positioned at an edge of component 40 and structural silicone 68 for additional insulation and/or for cosmetic purposes to conceal the structure. Gasket 69 inserts into a gasket receiver 69' of component 40. A similar arrangement may also be used to secure panel 50' to transom 26. It may be appreciated that use of glazing tape 54 and structural silicone 68, for instance, allows for securing panel 50 to transom 26 without the use of a fastener such as shown the Figure 3A or Figure 3B. A sealant 64 may be applied between panels 50, 50', for instance, and/or applied to stem 80 of component 40. A setting block 37 may also be used to receive panel 50.
Figure 3D shows a further exemplary configuration of transom 26 having a symmetrically disposed polymer component 40 and where the transom 26 is positioned adjacent a horizontal (such as at a bottom area of a curtain wall system). A single (upper) panel 50 is used in this configuration. A PVC spacer 67 is positioned between pressure plate 36 and component 40. A sealant 64 and seal 60 may be positioned between the horizontal and cover plate 38 and at the joint of component 40 and transom wall 130. A setting block 37 may be used to set transom 26.
In Figure 4, a further exemplary configuration is shown where mullion 224 is made of aluminum. Mullion 224 is made of a first mullion segment 230 and a second mullion segment 232. A polymer component 240 is bonded to mullion 224. According to the invention, polymer component 240 is bonded, by an adhesive to segment 230. Polymer component 240 may include an interlock 242 to receive a mullion finger of segment 230. Interlock 242 is, for example, configured as part of first arm 244. First arm 244 may include a lip 243 which inserts into a gap defined by segment 230. Adhesive is applied to the surfaces to bond first arm 244 to segment 230. Bonding treatments and procedures are used to assure a rigid connection. In one exemplary configuration, contact surface 245 is bonded to segment 230. Polymer component 240 further includes seal receiver 249. Receiver 249 is configured to receive a seal 60. In one exemplary configuration, seal receiver is defined by seal fingers 241. Seal 60 is configured to insert into seal receiver 249 and between first arm 244 and panel frame 52. Seal 60 may be bonded to panel frame 52. Seal 60 may be of a conventional variety used in curtain wall systems.
As shown in Figure 4, transom 224 further includes shoulder 270 laminated or bonded to mullion 224. Particularly shoulder 270 is rigidly connected to segment 232. Shoulder 270 includes interlock 242 which may be the same or similar to interlock 242 defined by polymer component 240. Segment 232 may also include tail 231 which may be friction fit and/or bonded within gap formed by lip 243. Shoulder 270 abuts polymer component 240 and may include seal 264. Shoulder 270 may further include seal receiver 249 to receive seal 60. Shoulder 270 and polymer component 240 are bonded to mullion 224 at outer side 225 and prevent mullion 224 from communication with panels 50, 50' or pocket 228.
With reference to Figure 5, a further configuration of transom 326 is shown which includes transom wall 330. Polymer component 340 is bonded to transom 326. Polymer component 340 is made of the same or similar material as is the polymer component 40 noted above. Polymer component 340 is configured to friction fit and/or bond with or to outer side 335 of transom 326. In one configuration, polymer component 340 includes a lip 343 which inserts into a gap formed in part by tail 331 of transom wall 330. Transom 326 may be made of aluminum and may be extruded, for instance. Lip 343 and tail 331 create an interlock 342. Polymer component 340 further includes a first arm 344 which includes a seal receiver 349. Receiver 349 is configured to receive a seal 60. In one configuration, seal receiver is defined by seal fingers 341. Seal 60 is configured to insert into seal receiver 349 and between first arm 344 and panel frame 52. Seal 60 may be bonded to panel frame 52. Seal 60 may be of a conventional variety used in curtain wall systems. Polymer component 340 in this aspect completely covers outer side 325 of transom 326.
With reference to Figure 6, an alternative mullion 24 which is similar to the mullion 24 of figure 2 further includes a fastener 72 such as a screw. Fastener 72 includes additional support to further inhibit separation of polymer component 40 from mullion 24. In one configuration, fastener 72 is positioned through first arm 44 of polymer component 40 and through tail 31 of steel segment 30. A sealant may also be inserted to cover the head of fastener 72 and to seal the opening (or edges of the opening) which is created by fastener 72. Use of fastener 72 provides enhanced protection in the event of a fire situation where temperatures can be extreme. It is envisioned that the bonding of polymer component 40 (and shoulder 70) will withstand very high temperatures without separation and/or with use of fastener 72 such separation will be inhibited or prevented. Polymer component 40 is made of fire retardant material. Accordingly, the features presented in Figure 6 provide a mullion with an enhanced fire rating.
Figure 7 shows transom 26 where fastener 72 is inserted through polymer component 140 where polymer component 140 is also bonded to transom 26. This arrangement has similar separation inhibiting aspect as noted with Figure 6.
Figure 8 shows a polymer component 40 bonded to mullion 24. The mullion includes first mullion segment 30 having a tail 31a leading to arm 31b and hand 31c. Arm 31b extends from tail 31a in a generally perpendicular orientation. Hand 31 c extends from arm 31 b in a generally perpendicular orientation. Component 40 is bonded to segment 30 at tail 31a, arm 31b and hand 31c. Mullion 24 also includes second mullion segment 32 which includes shoulder polymer component 70. Component 70 is made of the same or similar material as component 40. Component 70 is bonded to segment 32 at tail 35. It may be appreciated that the exterior surface of tail 35 is covered from the atmosphere or from communication with panel 50' or pocket 128. It may also be appreciated that the exterior surface of segment 30, such as at tail 31a, arm 31b and hand 31c, is also covered from the atmosphere or from communication with panel 50 or pocket 128. Component 70 may wrap at least in part at a tip of tail 35. Component 40 and component 70 include seal receiver 49, 49' to receive respective seals 60.
Figure 9 shows a polymer component 40 and a polymer component 70 bonded to mullion 24. The bonding is achieved by use of an adhesive applied. In this case, component 40 is devoid of a stem and does not include an element which projects into pocket 128. Panels 50, 50' are secured to component 40 and component 70, respectively, with glazing tape 54 and structural silicone 68. A sealant 64 and seal 60 are applied between panels 50, 50'.
Figure 10 shows a polymer component 40 bonded to mullion 24. In one example, mullion 24 is formed of bent sheet steel. In this view mullion 24 is positioned adjacent or against a vertical wall and connects with a transom 26 having wall 130. Transom 26 also includes an end plate 135 welded at an end of transom 26. End plate 135 receives fasteners which pass through mullion 24. A single segment mullion 24 is configured with opposing walls 132 , 132' to accommodate adherence of fingers 141a, 141b. Segment 40 is bonded to mullion 24 as noted above with respect to various designs disclosed herein. Segment 40 includes seal receivers 49, 49' to receive a seal 60 and/or a PVC spacer 67. It may be appreciated that an entirety of an outside surface of mullion 24 is isolated from the atmosphere or from communication with panel 50' and/or pocket 128. It may be appreciated that panel 50' may also be fastened to mullion 24 by use of glazing tape and silicone gasket as desired (and as an alternative to use of a fastener and/or stem 80).
While there are some curtain wall systems made of metal, most are made of aluminum. Some curtain wall installers may not appreciate the difficulties in working with steel systems due to the need to assure non-exposure of parts to the atmosphere or water which would otherwise result in deterioration, or for other reasons (or if they do, the exactness of the installation may require extra time and expense to complete the project). A tradesman accustom to installing aluminum systems might be more apt to make a mistake in dealing with steel, or if a mistake is made, the resulting damage is, or can be, much more significant as compared to a mistake in installing an aluminum system.
Accordingly, use of a system where the fiberglass reinforced polymer elements act as the stem and/or cover the face side of mullion 24 (or transom 26) is desired. It would not matter if an installer would be concerned about confronting a steel mullion structure as opposed to an aluminum structure since either may be configured to prevent exposure of the frame element (while also providing improved insulating aspects).
Mullion 24 may be of varying lengths depending on the desired application. In one example, mullion 24, and thus segment 30 may have a length of up to 24 feet, or at least 24 feet. A press that is 24 feet long, or at least 24 feet long may be used to form mullion 24 at such length. Mullion 24 may also be of smaller length as desired and smaller presses and tooling may also be used. Mullion 24 may be formed at a variety of widths. In one example mullion 24 may vary in width from 1 ¾ inches (45 mm), for instance, to 4 inches (100mm) or more, and may vary in depth from 4 inches (100 mm), for instance, up to 16 inches (405mm) or more. Different lengths, widths and depths and other dimensions may also be used as desired.
All of such variously dimensioned mullions and transoms and individual segments can be manufactured using the same tooling and break press machine in a bending process. In another example mullion and transom may be manufactured using a roll forming technique. In a roll forming technique different tooling would be used to manufacture mullions or transoms having different dimensions. By utilizing the same break press machine and tooling, however, a variety of dimensions with custom or various profiles may be formed at lower cost. Steel cannot be extruded, or is extremely difficult or impossible to extrude with present or typical machinery or methods. Bending of steel is used to provide the profile as shown in the Figures, for example.
The bending of steel by use of a press brake and tooling to make curtain wall components or segments as presented at such lengths and tolerances has heretofore never been done before or even appreciated as being capable of accomplishment (despite a long-felt need in the market). This is remarkable especially due to the complexities, uncertainties and difficulties given the need for particular tolerances and lengths of products and equipment, together with the difficulties in handling the products and the precise nature required for creating the products and associated equipment. Until the present invention there has been a lack of appreciation of the opportunity to utilize press-brake bending of steel for creating curtain wall segments. Press break bending has not been utilized for creating curtain wall products having lengths of 24 feet, or even greater than 20 feet. Applicant appreciates the difficulty in obtaining or maintaining required tolerances along the entire length of the segments, for instance, the need to have clean or complete folds or bends (which also avoid facture or cracking during forming) that run uniformly along the entire profile length of the lengthened steel products. An added benefit of using a press brake forming process under the invention is that the steel curtain wall segments may be customized to accommodate different depths or other dimensions (while still maintaining desired tolerances and long lengths) without having to purchase or design new equipment or tooling.
A method aspect of the invention includes bending sheets of steel to make a variety of curtain wall mullion or transom segments and bonding a fiber reinforced polymer element to the structure such that the bonded element extends into a gap defined by two adjacent panels supported by the system. The method includes using a press brake and a set of tooling elements configured for use in conjunction with the press brake to bend a sheet of steel to form a first mullion segment. The bonded segment has a polymer component. The method further includes using the press brake and at least some of the same tooling elements (or all of the same tooling elements) to bend a second sheet of steel to form a second mullion segment. The bonding process may include use of adhesives and curing agents and application of temperature or other bonding techniques to assure a rigid formation of the polymer component to the mullion or transom structure.
Also described herein is a method of making a thermally insulating component configured to be bonded to a metal structure where the method comprises pultruding the component with a thermally insulating material through a pultrusion die having a profile perpendicular to the direction of pultrusion including a stem 80 extending in a first direction from a base 81, first arm 144 and second arm 146 extending from opposite sided of base 81 and each extending perpendicular to the stem 80 and each defining a seal receiver 149 having an opening toward the first direction. The stem 80 may include a groove 82 configured to receive a fastener 39. Groove 82 may include a taper 84 to assist in receiving fastener 39. Groove 82 may be a continuous groove which spans the length of component 40, 140. It may be appreciated that groove 82 operates as a pilot hole to receive and contain fastener 39. Groove 82 may be configured to securely receive a fastener such as a screw, including a #14 stainless steel HWH SMS screw. The component profile may include a first finger 141a and a second finger 141b each extending from base 81 opposite stem 80. Fingers 141 are configured to align with a curve of metal structure 26, and particularly configured to conform to opposing hands 132, 132'. While other arrangements are available, in one configuration fingers 141 are symmetrically separated by a distance greater than the width "w" of stem 80. The thermally insulating component 40 may be pultruded from fiberglass material, and may also include reinforcing mats and an exterior surface may include a heat set resin coating. As such, the present disclosure includes a method of pultruding the various thermally insulating components 40, 140 (and components 70, 170, 270) as described herein.
Further described herein is a method of bonding a thermally insulating component to a metal structure. The metal may include steel, aluminum, alloys or other metals. The method may include providing an adhesive between a pultruded fiberglass material and an outer side 125 of metal structure 26. The fiberglass material may be a polymer component 40 having fingers 140 that fit with respective hands 132 of the metal structure 26. Likewise, the method may include bonding the component 40 to the cover the entirety of the outer side 125 of metal structure 26.
It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing relates to exemplary embodiments of the invention as set forth in the following claims.

Claims

A curtain wall mullion or transom for use on a curtain wall system, the mullion or transom comprising:
a metal mullion or transom structure (24) having an outer side at which glazing or panels are to be fitted; and

a thermally insulating polymer component (40) rigidly bonded to the metal structure (24), the component (40) including a stem (80) configured to project into a space between a first panel (50) and a second panel (50') of a curtain wall, characterized in that the component (40) covers an entirety of the outer side in a manner preventing exposure thereof to the atmosphere or water, and wherein the component (40) is of a fiberglass reinforced polymer and is bonded to the metal structure (24) by adhesion with an adhesive.
The mullion or transom of claim 1, where the fiberglass reinforced polymer component (40) defines at least one seal receiver configured to receive a seal oriented to abut the first panel (50).
The mullion or transom of claim 2, where the fiberglass reinforced polymer component (40) defines another seal receiver configured to receive a seal oriented to abut the second panel (50').
The mullion or transom of claim 1, where the metal structure (24) includes opposing walls, the thermally insulating component (40) includes fingers bonded to the opposing walls.
The mullion or transom of claim 1, where the metal structure (24) includes a steel segment and where the component (40) is configured to support a weight of a panel of the curtain wall system.
The mullion or transom of claim 1, further comprising a pressure plate (36) configured to apply pressure to a seal associated with the first panel (50) and to a seal associated with the second panel (50'), the stem (80) configured to receive a fastener (39) inserted through the pressure plate (36).
A curtain wall system comprising:
A cell including a first mullion, a second mullion, a first transom and a second transom, the first transom being as recited in Claim 1 or Claim 6; and

a panel (50) secured to the cell.
The system of claim 7 where the fiberglass component (40) has a length equal to a maximum length of the transom and the stem (80) thereof is configured to support a weight of the panel (50).
A method of manufacturing a mullion or transom comprising an outer side to which glazing or panels are to be fitted, the method comprising:
rigidly bonding a thermally insulating polymer component (40) to said outer side of a metal mullion or transom structure (24), , the component (40) including a stem (80) configured to project into a space between a first panel (50) and a second panel (50') of a curtain wall, the component (40) covering an entirety of the outer side in a manner preventing exposure thereof to the atmosphere, wherein the component (40) is rigidly bonded to the metal mullion or transom structure by adhesion with an adhesive, and the component (40) is of a fiberglass reinforced polymer.
The method of claim 9, where the component (40) defines at least one seal receiver configured to receive a seal oriented to abut the first panel (50).
The method of claim 9, further comprising inserting a fastener (39) through a pressure plate (36) and into the stem (80) where the pressure plate (36) is configured to apply pressure to a seal associated with the first panel (50) and to a seal associated with the second panel (50').
The method of claim 11, where the fastener (39) is inserted into a groove defined by the stem (80).